CN110549913A - Thermal management system for whole electric tractor and control method thereof - Google Patents

Thermal management system for whole electric tractor and control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110549913A
CN110549913A CN201910871125.4A CN201910871125A CN110549913A CN 110549913 A CN110549913 A CN 110549913A CN 201910871125 A CN201910871125 A CN 201910871125A CN 110549913 A CN110549913 A CN 110549913A
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China
Prior art keywords
motor
management system
battery
temperature
auxiliary
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CN201910871125.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
徐立友
李书苑
刘孟楠
李妍颖
韩冰
闫祥海
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Henan University of Science and Technology
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Henan University of Science and Technology
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Priority to CN201910871125.4A priority Critical patent/CN110549913A/en
Publication of CN110549913A publication Critical patent/CN110549913A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/633—Control systems characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/637—Control systems characterised by the use of reversible temperature-sensitive devices, e.g. NTC, PTC or bimetal devices; characterised by control of the internal current flowing through the cells, e.g. by switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
    • H01M10/663—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells the system being an air-conditioner or an engine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/28—Trailers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a complete machine thermal management system of an electric tractor and a control method thereof. And heat exchange is realized between the power battery and the dual-motor thermal management system through a heat exchanger. The control method of the whole thermal management system of the electric tractor comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of setting the temperature grade of the power battery and the critical working temperature of the double motors, and measuring the real-time temperature T of the power battery and the real-time temperature T of the double motors by a temperature sensorMaster and slave’、TAuxiliary device' as an identification parameter and in conjunction with tractor conditions, adjust tractor thermal management system mode. The invention ensures that the power battery and the main and auxiliary motors work at proper temperature, effectively reduces the energy consumption of the battery and improves the continuous operation time of the tractor.

Description

Thermal management system for whole electric tractor and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vehicle thermal management, and particularly relates to a complete machine thermal management system of an electric tractor and a control method thereof.
Background
In recent years, environmental and energy problems are attracting more and more attention, and the traditional fuel oil tractor has the problems of tail gas emission, vibration, noise pollution and the like during operation, and is not suitable for closed greenhouse environment operation. Compared with the traditional tractor, the electric tractor has the advantages of low emission, green cleanness and flexible control, and the power source adopts electric energy to replace fuel oil, thereby effectively relieving the energy crisis.
The continuous operation time is one of the main bottlenecks restricting the development of the electric tractor, and besides the research and development of a power battery with high energy density, the continuous operation time can ensure that a driving motor and the power battery can work in a reasonable temperature area, and can prolong the service life of the whole machine and improve the continuous operation time. The battery needs to be heated when the battery is charged at low temperature and started at low temperature. During operation, high temperature may affect the capacity and service life of the battery, and when the temperature is too high, thermal runaway may occur, causing danger. At present, most of electric tractors are only provided with a battery air cooling system, and the temperature of the battery cannot be reasonably controlled. And under the condition of low temperature, the heat generated by the motor is not supplemented to the power battery, so that the energy waste is caused, and the continuous operation time is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a complete machine thermal management system of an electric tractor and a control method thereof, which can solve the problems that the heat dissipation efficiency of a power battery is low and the heat of a motor cannot be reasonably utilized, thereby ensuring the efficient work of the system, reducing the electric energy consumption and prolonging the continuous operation time of the tractor.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
Electric tractor complete machine thermal management system, its characterized in that: the system comprises a battery thermal management system, a double-motor thermal management system, a heat exchanger and a controller, wherein the battery thermal management system and the double-motor thermal management system are both connected to the heat exchanger with a heat exchange effect; the battery thermal management system is connected with a power battery and a vehicle-mounted charger of the electric tractor, and comprises a battery radiator, an expansion water tank I, a heater, an electronic water pump I and a temperature sensor I, wherein the battery radiator is connected with the power battery through an input end, the output end of the battery radiator is also communicated with the expansion water tank I, the expansion water tank I is also connected with the heater through the heat exchanger and the vehicle-mounted charger, the heater is connected with the input end of the electronic water pump I, the output end of the electronic water pump I is also connected with the power battery, and the power battery is also connected with the temperature sensor I; the battery thermal management system is also connected to the dual-motor thermal management system through the heat exchanger; the dual-motor thermal management system is connected with a main motor, a main motor controller, an auxiliary motor controller and a DC/DC converter of the electric tractor, the dual-motor thermal management system comprises a motor radiator, an expansion water tank II, an electronic water pump II, a main motor electric regulating valve, an auxiliary motor electric regulating valve, a temperature sensor II and a temperature sensor III, the main motor and the auxiliary motor are both connected with the motor radiator, the motor radiator is also connected with the expansion water tank II through the heat exchanger, the expansion water tank II is connected with the electronic water pump II through the DC/DC converter, the electronic water pump is also communicated with the main motor electric regulating valve and the auxiliary motor electric regulating valve, the main motor electric regulating valve is connected with the main motor through the main motor controller, and the auxiliary motor electric regulating valve is connected with the auxiliary motor through the auxiliary motor controller, the main motor and the auxiliary motor are also respectively connected with the temperature sensor II and the temperature sensor III.
Further, the battery heat management system and the double-motor heat management system respectively comprise a phase-change material, a battery cooling fan and a motor cooling fan, the battery cooling fan is arranged on the outer side of the battery radiator, the motor cooling fan is arranged on the outer side of the motor radiator, and the phase-change material and the temperature sensor I are further arranged inside the power battery pack.
Furthermore, the real-time temperature of the power battery, the main motor and the auxiliary motor is transmitted to the input end of the controller by the temperature sensor I, the temperature sensor II and the temperature sensor III, and the output end of the controller is further connected with the main motor electric regulating valve, the auxiliary motor electric regulating valve, the electronic water pump II, the motor cooling fan, the motor radiator, the electronic water pump I, the battery cooling fan, the battery radiator and the heat exchanger.
Furthermore, the vehicle-mounted charger and the power battery are arranged at the front end of the frame, the heater, the electronic water pump I, the battery radiator and the expansion water tank I are arranged on one side of the power battery, and the heat price ventilation, the expansion water tank II, the DC/DC converter, the electronic water pump II and the motor radiator are also arranged on the other side of the power battery; the main motor and the auxiliary motor are respectively connected to the power input end of the power coupling device at the rear end of the frame, the front end of the main motor is sequentially connected with the main motor controller and the main motor electric regulating valve, and the front end of the auxiliary motor is sequentially connected with the auxiliary motor controller and the auxiliary motor electric regulating valve.
Furthermore, the main motor controller and the main motor electric regulating valve are respectively connected with the auxiliary motor, the auxiliary motor controller and the auxiliary motor electric regulating valve in parallel.
Further, the controller is arranged between the power battery and the main motor controller and between the power battery and the auxiliary motor controller.
The invention also provides a control method of the whole heat dissipation management system of the electric tractor, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
Step one, presetting two temperatures T 1 and T 2 for the real-time temperature T of the power battery, defining that T 1 is greater than T 2, and defining a temperature range T 1 ~ T 2 as the optimal working temperature of the power battery;
Step two, carrying out real-time temperature T on the main motor and the auxiliary motorMaster and slave' and TAuxiliary set' setting the critical temperature t3；
Step three, when the tractor is started, the whole heat dissipation management system of the electric tractor is started, and the real-time temperature T of the power battery and the real-time temperature T of the main motor measured by the temperature sensor I, the temperature sensor II and the temperature sensor III are measuredMaster and slave' and secondary motor real-time temperature TAuxiliary set' collect and send to the controller, controller pair T, Tmaster and slave' and TAuxiliary set' making a judgment;
Step four, judging whether the tractor is in a charging state or not when the tractor is not started, and judging the real-time temperature T of the power battery if the tractor is in the charging state; if not, namely the electric tractor is in a non-charging state, the whole machine heat dissipation management system of the electric tractor is finished.
Further, in the third step and the fourth step, the controller controls the battery thermal management system after the T is judged, when the real-time T temperature of the power battery exceeds the upper limit T 2 of the temperature of the control domain, the controller controls the electronic water pump I, the battery cooling fan and the battery radiator to be started, when the real-time T temperature of the power battery is within the range T 1 ~ T 2 of the control domain, the electronic water pump I, the battery cooling fan and the battery radiator are not started, the phase change material in the power battery pack absorbs heat or releases heat to cool or heat the battery, and when the real-time T temperature of the power battery is lower than the lower limit T 1 of the temperature of the control domain, the heat exchanger is started, the heater is started, the electronic water pump I is started, then the electronic water pump I is returned, and.
further, in step three, the controller pairs TMaster and slave' and TAuxiliary deviceAfter judgment, the dual-motor thermal management system is controlled, and when the real-time temperature T of the main motor and the auxiliary motor is detectedMaster and slave’、TAuxiliary device' both exceed the critical temperature t3When the electric control valve is started, the controller controls the main motor electric control valve, the auxiliary motor electric control valve, the electronic water pump II, the motor radiator and the motor radiator fan to be started; when the real-time temperature T of the main motorMaster and slave' exceeding the critical temperature t3Real-time temperature T of auxiliary motorAuxiliary device' not exceeding the critical temperature t3When the cooling fan is started, the electric control valve of the main motor, the electronic water pump II, the motor radiator and the cooling fan are started, and the electric control valve of the auxiliary motor is closed; when the real-time temperature T of the main motorMaster and slave' not exceeding the critical temperature t3Real-time temperature T of auxiliary motorAuxiliary device' exceeding the critical temperature t3When the electric control valve of the auxiliary motor, the electronic water pump II, the motor radiator and the electrode radiating fan are opened, and the electric control valve of the main motor is closed; otherwise, when the real-time temperature T of the main motor and the auxiliary motorMaster and slave' and TAuxiliary device' neither exceeds the critical temperature t3Go back directly to, re-pair Tmaster and slave' and TAuxiliary device' make a judgment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention relates to a complete machine thermal management system of an electric tractor and a control method thereof, and the complete machine thermal management system comprises a power battery thermal management system and a double-motor thermal management system aiming at the electric tractor driven by double-motor coupling, and can realize independent operation. The power battery thermal management system organically combines liquid cooling and phase change materials, and can realize efficient thermal management of the battery. Meanwhile, the power battery thermal management system is connected with the motor thermal management system through the heat exchanger, so that the function of heating the power battery by using the waste heat of the motor can be realized, and the waste of energy is avoided. In addition, by combining a thermal management control method provided by a complete machine thermal management system, the tractor can ensure that the power battery and the double motors are at proper working temperature when the tractor works or is charged, and the continuous working time of the tractor driven by the double motors in a coupling mode is prolonged to the maximum extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a complete machine thermal management system of an electric tractor according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic layout of a chassis of the overall thermal management system of the electric tractor according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a control method of the thermal management system of the whole electric tractor.
Wherein, each reference number in the figure is: 1. a controller; 2. an electric regulating valve of the auxiliary motor; 3. a secondary motor controller; 4. a temperature sensor III; 5. a secondary motor; 6. a motor cooling fan; 7. a main motor electric regulating valve; 8. a main motor controller; 9. a main motor; 10. a motor radiator; 11. an electronic water pump II; 12. a DC/DC converter; 13. a temperature sensor II; 14. an expansion water tank II; 15. a heat exchanger; 16. a phase change material; 17. a power battery; 18. a battery cooling fan; 19. a battery heat sink; 20. an expansion water tank I; 21. a temperature sensor I; 22. an electronic water pump I; 23. a heater; 24. a vehicle-mounted charger; 25. a steering wheel; 26. a drive wheel; 27. a transmission device; 28. and a power coupling device.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will be able to better understand the technical solutions provided by the present invention, the following description is provided in connection with specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a complete machine thermal management system of an electric tractor, which comprises two systems, namely a power battery thermal management system and a dual-motor thermal management system. Wherein the power battery thermal management system and the electric motor thermal management system are connected through a heat exchanger 15 to realize heat exchange.
The power battery thermal management system adopts a liquid cooling-phase change material comprehensive cooling mode and comprises a battery radiator 19, a battery cooling fan 18, an expansion water tank I20, an electronic water pump I22, a heater 23, a vehicle-mounted charger 24, a temperature sensor I21 and a phase change material 16. One side of the battery radiator 19 is connected with the power battery 17, the other end of the battery radiator is connected with the expansion water tank I20, the expansion water tank I20 is connected with the heat exchanger 15, the heat exchanger 15 is connected with the vehicle-mounted charger 24, the vehicle-mounted charger 24 is connected with the heater 23, the heater 23 is connected with the electronic water pump I22, and the electronic water pump I22 and the power battery 17 form a loop. When the power battery 17 needs to be cooled, the heat of the power battery 17 can be taken out through a water pipe, flows into the expansion water tank I20 through the battery radiator 19, flows back to the power battery 17 through the vehicle-mounted charger 24 and the electronic water pump I22, and is used for cooling the battery pack and the vehicle-mounted charger 24; when the power battery 17 needs to be heated, the electronic water pump I22 pumps water out of the expansion water tank I20, passes through the heater 23 and then flows into the power battery 17 to heat the battery pack; the phase change material 16 and the temperature sensor I21 are arranged inside the power battery pack, and the phase change material 16 cools or heats the battery by absorbing or releasing heat when the physical state of the phase change material changes. When the power battery 17 works at high temperature, the heat generated by the battery pack can be absorbed and stored by the phase-change material, so that the temperature rise of the battery pack can be effectively controlled, and when the battery works at low temperature, the phase-change material 16 can release the stored heat to heat the battery pack. So that the temperature variation of the battery pack can be effectively controlled.
The double-motor thermal management system adopts a liquid cooling mode and comprises an auxiliary motor electric adjusting valve 2, an auxiliary motor controller 3, a temperature sensor III 4, an auxiliary motor 5, a main motor electric adjusting valve 7, a main motor controller 8, a main motor 9, a temperature sensor II 13, a motor cooling fan 6, a motor radiator 10, an expansion water tank II 14, a DC/DC converter 12 and an electronic water pump II 11. The main motor 9 and the auxiliary motor 5 are connected in parallel, the main motor controller 8, the main motor electric regulating valve 7 and the main motor 9 are connected in series, and the auxiliary motor controller 3, the auxiliary motor electric regulating valve 2 and the auxiliary motor 5 are connected in series, so that a parallel branch is formed. And then the water pump is connected with a motor radiator 10, a heat exchanger 15, an expansion water tank II 14, a DC/DC converter 12 and an electronic water pump II 11 in series to form a loop. When the main motor 9 needs to be cooled, the main motor electric regulating valve 7 is opened, the auxiliary motor electric regulating valve 2 is closed, heat is taken out of the main motor 9 through a water pipe and flows back to the expansion water tank II 14 through the motor radiator 10, and then cold water is pumped into the main motor 9 through the DC/DC converter 12, the main motor electric regulating valve 7 and the main motor controller 8 by the electronic water pump II 11; when the auxiliary motor 5 needs to be cooled, the auxiliary motor electric regulating valve 2 is opened, the main motor electric regulating valve 7 is closed, heat is carried out of the auxiliary motor 5 through water and flows back to the expansion water tank II 14 through the motor radiator 10, and then cold water is pumped into the auxiliary motor 5 through the DC/DC converter 12, the auxiliary motor electric regulating valve 2 and the auxiliary motor controller 3 by the electronic water pump II 11; when the two motors need to be cooled simultaneously, the auxiliary motor electric control valve 2 and the main motor electric control valve 7 are opened, heat is discharged out of the main motor 13 through a water pipe, flows back to the expansion water tank II 14 through the motor radiator 10, and then is pumped into the main motor 9 and the auxiliary motor 5 through the main motor electric control valve 7 and the auxiliary motor electric control valve 2 after passing through the DC/DC converter 12 by the electronic water pump 11. Therefore, the temperature of the double motors is controlled, and meanwhile, the temperature of the DC/DC converter 12, the main motor controller 8 and the auxiliary motor controller 3 is reduced.
Wherein the power battery thermal management system and the dual-motor thermal management system are connected through a heat exchanger 15. When the power battery 17 needs to be heated, the heat generated by the motor can be transferred to the power battery 17 through the heat exchanger 15, so that the burden of the heater 23 is reduced, and the burden of the motor radiator 10 and the motor radiator fan 6 is also reduced, thereby improving the efficiency of the system, reducing the energy consumption and prolonging the continuous operation time of the tractor.
The controller 1 is connected with the temperature sensor II 13, the temperature sensor III 4 and the temperature sensor I21 and is used for receiving real-time temperatures of the main motor 9, the auxiliary motor 5 and the power battery 17. In addition, the controller 1 is connected with the auxiliary motor electric regulating valve 2, the main motor electric regulating valve 7, the electronic water pump II 11, the motor cooling fan 6, the motor radiator 10, the electronic water pump I22, the battery cooling fan 18, the battery radiator 19 and the heat exchanger 15, and is used for sending control commands and regulating the temperature of the system.
the whole thermal management system of the electric tractor provided by the invention can complete the conversion of the required thermal management function by switching the heat exchanger 15 and the valve according to the thermal management requirements of all parts, can meet the thermal management requirements of the double-motor tractor under the working environments of extremely high temperature and extremely low temperature, and has high energy utilization rate.
Fig. 2 is a chassis arrangement mode of the whole thermal management system of the electric tractor provided by the invention, wherein the vehicle-mounted charger 24 is arranged at the foremost end of the frame, and the power battery 17 is arranged next to the vehicle-mounted charger; the main motor 9 and the auxiliary motor 5 are respectively arranged at the power input end of the power coupling device 28; the vehicle steering wheel 25 is taken as the front end, the vehicle driving wheel 26 is taken as the rear end, the main motor controller 8 and the main motor electric regulating valve 7 are arranged at the front end of the main motor 9, and the auxiliary motor controller 3 and the electric regulating valve 2 are arranged at the front end of the auxiliary motor; the controller 1 is arranged between the power battery and the main and auxiliary motor controllers; the heater 23, the electronic water pump I22, the battery radiator 19 and the expansion water tank I20 are arranged at the left front end of the frame and are sequentially arranged from front to back; the heat exchanger 15, the expansion water tank II 14, the DC/DC exchanger 12, the electronic water pump II 11 and the motor radiator 10 are arranged at the front right of the frame and are sequentially arranged from front to back; the motor radiator fan 6 is installed outside the motor radiator 10, and the battery radiator fan 18 is installed outside the battery radiator 19.
Fig. 3 is a method for controlling the overall thermal management of the electric tractor, which comprises the following steps:
Firstly, two temperature levels are preset for the real-time temperature T of the power battery 17, and the two temperature levels are T in sequence1、t2And t is1＜t2Wherein t is1～t2The optimum working temperature of the power battery 17 is obtained. Second real-time temperature T for the main motor 9 and the auxiliary motor 5master and slave' and Tauxiliary device' setting the critical temperature t3。
The system starts to work, and the sensor judges the state of the tractor.
If the tractor is started, the real-time temperature T of the power battery 17 and the real-time temperature T of the motor are respectively measured on the temperature sensor I21, the temperature sensor II 13 and the temperature sensor III 4Time temperature TMaster and slave' and TAuxiliary device' collected, sent to the controller 1, and its temperature is judged.
1) If T is more than T 2, the electronic water pump I22, the battery cooling fan 18 and the battery cooling device 19 are all started, the controller 1 controls the electronic water pump I22 according to the change of the real-time temperature T of the power battery 17, the flow speed is adjusted, then the electronic water pump returns, and the state of the tractor is judged again.
If T 2 is greater than T and greater than T 1, the temperature is the optimal working temperature of the power battery 17, the heat dissipation system of the power battery 17 is not started, the battery is cooled or heated only by natural wind cooling and heat absorption or heat release of the phase change material 16, and then the state of the tractor is judged again.
Otherwise, namely T < T 1, the heat exchanger 15 is started, the heater 23 is started, the electronic water pump I22 is started, the controller 1 controls the electronic water pump I22 according to the change of the real-time temperature T of the power battery 17, and then the method returns to judge the state of the tractor again.
2) If TMaster and slave’＞t3And TAuxiliary device’＞t3If the auxiliary motor electric regulating valve 2, the main motor electric regulating valve 7, the electronic water pump II 11, the motor radiator 10 and the motor radiating fan 6 are all opened, and the controller 1 is used for controlling the real-time temperature T of the double motorsMaster and slave' and TAuxiliary deviceThe change of the' controls the electronic water pump II 11, the auxiliary motor electric regulating valve 2 and the main motor electric regulating valve 7 to regulate the flow speed. And returning, and judging the state of the tractor again.
If TMaster and slave’＞t3And TAuxiliary device’≤t3If the temperature of the main motor electric regulating valve 7, the electronic water pump II 11, the motor radiator 10 and the motor radiating fan 6 is lower than the preset temperature, the auxiliary motor electric regulating valve 2 is closed, and the controller 1 is controlled according to the real-time temperature T of the double motorsMaster and slave' and TAuxiliary deviceThe variation of' controls the electronic water pump II 11 and the main motor electric control valve 7. And then returning to judge the state of the tractor again.
If TMaster and slave’≤t3And TAuxiliary device’＞t3Auxiliary motorThe electric control valve 2, the electronic water pump II 11, the motor radiator 10 and the motor radiating fan 6 are opened, the main motor electric control valve 7 is closed, and the controller 1 is used for controlling the real-time temperature T according to the double motorsMaster and slave' and TAuxiliary deviceThe' change controls the electronic water pump II 11 and the auxiliary motor electric control valve 2. And then returning to judge the state of the tractor again.
Otherwise, namely both motors do not exceed the critical working temperature, the two motors directly return to judge the state of the tractor again.
If the tractor is not started, whether the tractor is in a charging state is judged. If yes, the real-time temperature T of the power battery 17 is judged. Namely, the steps 1) above are repeated: if not, the battery is in an uncharged state, and the process is finished.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. The present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (9)

1. Electric tractor complete machine thermal management system, its characterized in that: the system comprises a battery thermal management system, a dual-motor thermal management system, a heat exchanger (15) and a controller (1), wherein the battery thermal management system and the dual-motor thermal management system are connected to the heat exchanger (15) with a heat exchange effect;
The battery thermal management system is connected with a power battery (17) of the electric tractor and a vehicle-mounted charger (24), the battery thermal management system comprises a battery radiator (19), an expansion water tank I (20), a heater (23), an electronic water pump I (22) and a temperature sensor I (21), the battery radiator (19) is connected with the power battery (17) through an input end, the output end of the battery radiator (19) is also communicated with the expansion water tank I (20), the expansion water tank I (20) is also connected with the heater (23) through the heat exchanger (15) and the vehicle-mounted charger (24), the heater (23) is connected with the input end of the electronic water pump I (22), the output end of the electronic water pump I (22) is also connected with the power battery (17), the power battery (17) is also connected with the temperature sensor I (21); the battery thermal management system is also connected to the dual-motor thermal management system through the heat exchanger (15);
The double-motor thermal management system is connected with a main motor (9), a main motor controller (8), an auxiliary motor (5), an auxiliary motor controller (3) and a DC/DC converter (12) of the electric tractor, the double-motor thermal management system comprises a motor radiator (10), an expansion water tank II (14), an electronic water pump II (11), a main motor electric regulating valve (7), an auxiliary motor electric regulating valve (2), a temperature sensor II (13) and a temperature sensor III (4), the main motor (9) and the auxiliary motor (5) are connected with the motor radiator (10), the motor radiator (10) is further connected with the expansion water tank II (14) through a heat exchanger (15), the expansion water tank II (14) is connected with the electronic water pump II (11) through the DC/DC converter (12), the electronic water pump is further connected with the main motor electric regulating valve (7) and the auxiliary motor electric regulating valve (2) ) And the main motor electric regulating valve (7) is connected with the main motor (9) through the main motor controller (8), the auxiliary motor electric regulating valve (2) is connected with the auxiliary motor (5) through the auxiliary motor controller (3), and the main motor (9) and the auxiliary motor (5) are also respectively connected with the temperature sensor II (13) and the temperature sensor III (4).
2. The thermal management system for the whole electric tractor according to claim 1, wherein: the battery thermal management system with two motor thermal management systems still include phase change material (16), battery radiator fan (18) and motor radiator fan (6) respectively, battery radiator fan (18) set up in the outside of battery radiator (19), motor radiator fan (6) set up in the outside of motor radiator (10), phase change material (16) with temperature sensor I (21) still set up inside power battery (17) package.
3. The thermal management system for the whole electric tractor according to claim 2, wherein: temperature sensor I (21), temperature sensor II (13) and temperature sensor III (4) still transmit the real-time temperature of power battery (17), main motor (9) and vice motor (5) to the input of controller (1), main motor electric control valve (7), vice motor electric control valve (2), electronic water pump II (11), motor radiator (6), motor radiator (10), electronic water pump I (22), battery radiator (18), battery radiator (19) and heat exchanger (15) are still connected to the output of controller (1).
4. the thermal management system for the whole electric tractor according to claim 1, wherein: the vehicle-mounted charger (24) and the power battery (17) are arranged at the front end of the vehicle frame, the heater (23), the electronic water pump I (22), the battery radiator (19) and the expansion water tank I (20) are arranged on one side of the power battery (17), and the heat price ventilation, the expansion water tank II (14), the DC/DC converter (12), the electronic water pump II (11) and the motor radiator (10) are further arranged on the other side of the power battery (17); the front end of the main motor (9) is sequentially connected with the main motor controller (8) and the main motor electric regulating valve (7), and the front end of the auxiliary motor (5) is sequentially connected with the auxiliary motor controller (3) and the auxiliary motor electric regulating valve (2).
5. the whole electric tractor heat dissipation management system of claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: the main motor (9), the main motor controller (8) and the main motor electric regulating valve (7) are further arranged in parallel with the auxiliary motor (5), the auxiliary motor controller (3) and the auxiliary motor electric regulating valve (2) respectively.
6. The whole electric tractor heat dissipation management system of claim 5, characterized in that: the controller (1) is arranged between the power battery (17) and the main motor controller (8) and the auxiliary motor controller (3).
7. The control method of the whole heat dissipation management system of the electric tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
Step one, presetting two temperatures T 1 and T 2 for the real-time temperature T of the power battery (17), defining that T 1 is greater than T 2, and defining a temperature range T 1 ~ T 2 as the optimal working temperature of the power battery (17);
Step two, carrying out real-time temperature T on the main motor (9) and the auxiliary motor (5)Master and slave' and TAuxiliary device' setting the critical temperature t3；
Step three, when the tractor is started, the whole heat dissipation management system of the electric tractor is started, and the real-time temperature T of the power battery (17) and the real-time temperature T of the main motor (9) measured by the temperature sensor I (21), the temperature sensor II (13) and the temperature sensor III (4) are measuredMaster and slave' and secondary motor (5) real-time temperature TAuxiliary device' collect and send to controller (1), controller (1) pair T, TMaster and slave' and Tauxiliary device' making a judgment;
Step four, when the tractor is not started, judging whether the tractor is in a charging state, if so, judging the real-time temperature T of the power battery (17); if not, namely the electric tractor is in a non-charging state, the whole machine heat dissipation management system of the electric tractor is finished.
8. The control method of the whole heat dissipation management system of the electric tractor according to claim 7 is characterized in that in the third step and the fourth step, the controller (1) controls the battery heat management system after judging T, when the real-time T temperature of the power battery (17) exceeds the upper limit of the control domain temperature T 2, the controller (1) controls the electronic water pump I (22), the battery heat dissipation fan (18) and the battery radiator (19) to be started, when the real-time T temperature of the power battery (17) is within the control domain range T 1 ~ T 2, the electronic water pump I (22), the battery heat dissipation fan (18) and the battery radiator (19) are not started, the phase change material (16) in the power battery (17) absorbs heat or releases heat to cool or heat the battery, when the real-time T temperature of the power battery (17) is lower than the lower limit of the control domain temperature T 1, the heat exchanger (15) is started, the heater (23) is started, the electronic water pump I (22) is started, then the electronic water pump I (22) is returned, and the.
9. The control method of the whole heat dissipation management system of the electric tractor as claimed in claim 7, wherein: in step three, the controller (1) couples TMaster and slave' and TAuxiliary deviceAfter judgment, the double-motor thermal management system is also controlled, and when the real-time temperature T of the main motor (5) and the auxiliary motor (5)Master and slave’、TAuxiliary device' both exceed the critical temperature t3When the electric control device is used, the controller (1) controls the main motor electric control valve (7), the auxiliary motor electric control valve (2), the electronic water pump II (11), the motor radiator (10) and the motor radiating fan (6) to be opened; when the real-time temperature T of the main motor (9)Master and slave' exceeding the critical temperature t3Real-time temperature T of auxiliary motor (5)Auxiliary device' not exceeding the critical temperature t3When the motor is started, the main motor electric regulating valve (7), the electronic water pump II (11), the motor radiator (10) and the radiating fan are started, and the auxiliary motor electric regulating valve (2) is closed; when the real-time temperature T of the main motor (9)Master and slave' not exceeding the critical temperature t3Real-time temperature T of auxiliary motor (5)Auxiliary device' exceeding the critical temperature t3when the electric control valve (2) of the auxiliary motor, the electronic water pump II (11), the motor radiator (10) and the electrode radiating fan are started, and the electric control valve (7) of the main motor is closed; otherwise, when the real-time temperature T of the main motor (9) and the auxiliary motor (5)Master and slave' and TAuxiliary device' neither exceeds the critical temperature t3Go back directly to, re-pair TMaster and slave' and TAuxiliary device' make a judgment.
CN201910871125.4A 2019-09-16 2019-09-16 Thermal management system for whole electric tractor and control method thereof Pending CN110549913A (en)

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