CN110546396B - 减轻飞行器的制动轮的振动的方法 - Google Patents

减轻飞行器的制动轮的振动的方法 Download PDF

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CN110546396B
CN110546396B CN201880026651.4A CN201880026651A CN110546396B CN 110546396 B CN110546396 B CN 110546396B CN 201880026651 A CN201880026651 A CN 201880026651A CN 110546396 B CN110546396 B CN 110546396B
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tenon
brake
disc
slot
wheel
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A·盖蒂
A·哈姆迪
G·奥雷根
J-F·迪博尔德
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Safran Landing Systems SAS
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00Parts or details
    • F16D65/0006Noise or vibration control
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C25/00Alighting gear
    • B64C25/32Alighting gear characterised by elements which contact the ground or similar surface 
    • B64C25/42Arrangement or adaptation of brakes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/24Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with a plurality of axially-movable discs, lamellae, or pads, pressed from one side towards an axially-located member
    • F16D55/26Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with a plurality of axially-movable discs, lamellae, or pads, pressed from one side towards an axially-located member without self-tightening action
    • F16D55/36Brakes with a plurality of rotating discs all lying side by side
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00Parts or details
    • F16D65/005Components of axially engaging brakes not otherwise provided for
    • F16D65/0056Brake supports
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0004Parts or details of disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0008Brake supports
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0004Parts or details of disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0058Fully lined, i.e. braking surface extending over the entire disc circumference
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0004Materials; Production methods therefor metallic
    • F16D2200/0008Ferro
    • F16D2200/0021Steel

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种减轻在制动期间发生的飞行器轮子/制动器组件的振动的方法,该制动器包括转子盘(2b)和定子盘(2a),该转子盘(2b)借助固定到轮子并接合在转子盘的槽口(3b)中的杆(5)与轮子一起旋转地驱动,该定子盘(2a)借助固定到制动器的扭矩管(1)并接合在定子盘的槽口(3a)中的榫头(5)保持旋转地固定,槽口具有由支架(7)保护的侧部。该方法涉及选择具有小于或等于0.6的摩擦系数的托架/榫头对和/或托架/杆对。

Description

减轻飞行器的制动轮的振动的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种减轻在制动期间发生的飞行器制动轮的振动的方法。
背景技术
已知在飞行器制动时,飞行器的安装有制动器的轮子很可能会发生振动。这些振动是由复杂的动力学现象引起的,并且已经以许多方式进行了处理。例如,已经提出为供应制动器的液压回路装备限流器,以避免可能引起振动的液压颠簸。还已经提出为扭矩管的基部设置抗振动(抗旋转)环,该抗振动环降低了振动的强度。
这些解决方案并非没有缺点。限流器实际上限制了用于控制制动器的可用流量,并因此限制了动力。此外,使用抗振动环需要为扭矩管装备基部,这会增加扭矩管的复杂度和重量。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种用于减轻在制动期间发生的飞行器制动轮的振动的方法,该方法没有上述缺点。
为了实现该目的,提出了一种用于减轻在制动期间发生的飞行器轮/制动器组件的振动的方法,其中该制动器包括转子盘和定子盘,该转子盘借助固定到轮子并接合在转子盘的槽口中的杆与轮子一起旋转地驱动,该定子盘借助固定到制动器的扭矩管并接合在定子盘的槽口中的榫头(tenons)保持旋转地固定,槽口的侧部被支架(cavalier)保护。根据本发明,该减轻方法包括选择具有小于或等于0.6的摩擦系数的托架/榫头和/或托架/杆对。
发明人已经进行了先进的制动模拟,其结合了盘与榫头或杆之间的界面的摩擦系数。这些模拟表明了该摩擦系数对制动期间产生的振动水平有很大的影响。具体地,似乎振动幅度(由发展的加速度表征并且以g测量)大致与盘与榫头或杆之间的摩擦系数成比例。发明人因此发现,选择具有小于或等于0.6的摩擦系数的界面允许减轻该振动水平。作为提醒,当飞行器接触地面时,先前在轮舱中的制动器的转子开始旋转,并经受周围温度和与飞行器运动相关的气流。可以认为支架、杆和榫头的温度大约在-40℃至+40℃之间。当施加制动力时,支架、杆和榫头的温度将迅速升高。认为大部分时间该温度保持在约400℃的极端最高温度以下(制动器的其它部件可能更热或相反地更冷)。在涉及飞行器着陆的制动情况下,支架与轮子或管的界面所经受的温度范围因此在-40℃至400℃之间。
这种摩擦系数可通过适当地选择配装在盘上并与榫头和杆接触的支架的材料、榫头和杆的材料获得,或通过为所述榫头和杆提供适合的涂层,以获得这种摩擦系数。
较佳地,支架/榫头和/或支架/杆对选择小于或等于0.5的摩擦系数。
较佳地,支架/榫头和/或支架/杆对选择小于或等于0.4的摩擦系数。
较佳地,支架/榫头和/或支架/杆对选择小于或等于0.2的摩擦系数。在上述模拟中,该阈值允许将振动幅度限制为小于20g。
附图说明
参见所附的附图并且基于下文描述会更好地理解本发明,附图中:
-图1是装备有榫头的制动器的扭矩管的立体图,制动盘配装在该榫头上。仅示出了定子盘;
-图2是图1的制动器的转子盘的立体图,该转子盘在其槽口中接纳要被制动的轮子的杆;
-图3是装备有转子盘的槽口的支架的立体图;
-图4是示出由制动产生的振动的曲线图,分别利用0.6的摩擦系数和0.2的摩擦系数;
-图5是示出摩擦系数与最大振动水平之间的关系的曲线图。
具体实施方式
以本身已知的方式并且如图1和2所示,例如由空中客车或波音公司生产的客机制动器类型的现代飞行器的典型制动器包括扭矩管1,其上配装有碳盘。这些盘包括定子盘2a,定子盘2a包括槽口3a,固定到扭矩管的榫头4接合在槽口3a中,从而使定子盘2a旋转地固定。在这种情况中,榫头4与扭矩管1整体地形成,但可以将它们添加到扭矩管上。与定子盘2a交替地设有转子盘2b,转子盘2b包括槽口3b,固定到围绕制动器延伸的轮子的轮缘6(在图3中示出)的杆5接合在槽口3b中,使得转子盘随轮子一起旋转。在这种情况中,将杆5添加到轮子的轮缘,但是它们可以与轮缘整体形成。制动器包括液压或机电制动致动器(本文未示出),其选择性地将这些盘压在一起以便在盘之间产生摩擦力,从而制动轮子。如图3所示,槽口的侧部通常由支架7保护,该支架限定了盘与榫头或杆之间的界面。
图4示出了制动期间发生的振动引起的呈加速度水平(以g为单位)的形式的振动幅度,同时对于盘与榫头或杆之间的界面分别保持0.6的摩擦系数和0.2的摩擦系数。在出现和发展的初始阶段之后,振动在十分之几秒内稳定在保持相对恒定的最大振幅水平。发明人已经注意到,摩擦系数的影响是决定性的。已经观察到,当摩擦系数降低时,振动水平降低。在所示的模拟中,0.6的摩擦系数导致±60g的振动幅度,而0.2的摩擦系数导致±20g的振动幅度。
该发现促使发明人探索了该参数的影响。图5示出了通过改变该参数而获得的结果,即,振动的最大幅度基本上与保持的摩擦系数成比例。
因此,选择具有小于或等于0.6的摩擦系数的界面允许有效地限制振动的最大幅度。这种摩擦系数可以通过各种方式获得,诸如例如:
-通过为支架/榫头或者支架/杆界面选择具有低摩擦系数的材料的组合;
-通过在支架上应用杆或者榫头所具有的低摩擦系数的表面涂层;
-通过在杆或者榫头上应用支架所具有的低摩擦系数的表面涂层;
-通过将杆或者榫头覆盖支架所具有的低摩擦系数的保护片材;
使用下面描述的各种实验已经能够验证获得这种摩擦系数,从而导致测得的摩擦系数小于0.6、低至0.2或更小。这些实验涉及杆/支架组合,但是显然可以应用于榫头/支架组合:
第一示例
-15CrMoV6钢制成的支架;
-X5CrNiMo16-5钢制成的杆,具有富钴的碳化钨涂层(WC/Co/Cr),无磨削,粗糙度Ra=3.2微米。
摩擦计识别给出基本上0.5的摩擦系数。
第二示例
-17-22AS钢制成的支架;
-X5CrNiMo16-5钢制成的杆,具有富钴的碳化钨涂层(WC/Co/Cr),磨削,粗糙度Ra=1.6微米。
摩擦计识别给出0.2至0.4之间的摩擦系数。
第三示例
-15CrMoV6钢制成的支架,表面沉积有碳颗粒;
-X5CrNiMo16-5钢制成的杆,具有富钴的碳化钨涂层(WC/Co/Cr),无磨削,粗糙度Ra=3.2微米,表面沉积有碳颗粒。
摩擦计识别给出基本上0.2的摩擦系数。
因此,在技术上有可能获得小于0.6的摩擦系数,甚至更低的约0.2的摩擦系数。如此低的摩擦系数使得有可能在发明人进行的模拟中将最大加速度水平限制到±20g,这符合某些飞行器制造商发布的最新规定。
在所描述的示例中,可能通过减小粗糙度来降低摩擦系数。
本发明不限于以上描述,而相反地涵盖落入权利要求所限定的范围内的任何变型。

Claims (1)

1.一种减轻在制动期间发生的飞行器轮子/制动器组件的振动的方法,所述制动器包括转子盘(2b)和定子盘(2a),所述转子盘(2b)借助固定到所述轮子并接合在所述转子盘的槽口(3b)中的杆(5)与所述轮子一起旋转地驱动,所述定子盘(2a)借助固定到所述制动器的扭矩管(1)并接合在所述定子盘的槽口(3a)中的榫头(4)保持旋转地固定,所述槽口具有由支架(7)保护的侧部,其特征在于,选择以下支架/榫头和/或支架/杆对之一:
-15CrMoV6钢制成的支架;
-X5CrNiMo16-5钢制成的杆或榫头,具有富钴的碳化钨涂层(WC/Co/Cr),无磨削,粗糙度Ra≤3.2微米;
或者
-17-22AS钢制成的支架;
-X5CrNiMo16-5钢制成的杆或榫头,具有富钴的碳化钨涂层(WC/Co/Cr),磨削,粗糙度Ra≤1.6微米。
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EP3615833A1 (fr) 2020-03-04
EP3615833B1 (fr) 2022-09-28
US20200049212A1 (en) 2020-02-13
FR3065439B1 (fr) 2020-08-14
FR3065439A1 (fr) 2018-10-26
CN110546396A (zh) 2019-12-06
WO2018197448A1 (fr) 2018-11-01
US11162551B2 (en) 2021-11-02

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