CN110545980A - 连接金属-聚合物层压件的方法 - Google Patents

连接金属-聚合物层压件的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110545980A
CN110545980A CN201880027481.1A CN201880027481A CN110545980A CN 110545980 A CN110545980 A CN 110545980A CN 201880027481 A CN201880027481 A CN 201880027481A CN 110545980 A CN110545980 A CN 110545980A
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China
Prior art keywords
polymer
metal
layer
laminate
free surface
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Pending
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CN201880027481.1A
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English (en)
Inventor
洛塔尔·帕特博格
斯特凡·迈尔
埃里克·希尔弗里奇
索菲·赖塞维茨
安德烈亚斯·科特
克里斯蒂安·保罗
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ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
ThyssenKrupp AG
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ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
ThyssenKrupp AG
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Application filed by ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG, ThyssenKrupp AG filed Critical ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
Publication of CN110545980A publication Critical patent/CN110545980A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于将金属‑聚合物层压件与至少一个连接配对件连接的方法，该金属‑聚合物层压件包括至少一个金属层和由聚合物构成并通过材料配合连接的层。该至少一个的金属层具有至少一个缺口，和/或至少区域性地相较于由聚合物制成的层尺寸更小，使得至少在该至少一个的金属层的侧面上至少区域性地提供有由聚合物组成的层的自由表面以与至少一个的连接配对件连接，其中该连接配对件至少注射和/或挤压在该由聚合物制成的层的自由表面上，并且该至少一个的缺口引入在金属‑聚合物层压件的至少一个的金属层中，和/或为了产生相较于由聚合物制成的层更小的尺寸而将所述至少一个的金属层至少区域性地在金属‑聚合物层压件上移除。

Description

连接金属-聚合物层压件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于将金属-聚合物层压件与至少一个连接配对件连接的方法，该金属-聚合物层压件包括至少一个金属层和由聚合物构成并通过材料配合连接的层。
背景技术
例如从DE 1 955 970 A中已知一种用于复合板的对接焊接的方法。DE 10 2011121 899 A1描述了一种用于制造壳体结构的方法。EP 1 306 292 B1涉及一种承载部件的制造，其中，基体由夹层材料构成。
由现有技术已知具有用于制造构件的材料复合体，尤其是混合材料，其具有至少一个金属层和至少一个由聚合物制成的层。德国公开文献DE 21 66 791 A1公开了如何由扁平混合材料生产管件。这里，混合材料包括金属层，全面地与金属层连接的聚合物层，以及由聚合物组成的另一层，该另一层通过将扁平混合材料成形为管件而作为用于封闭管件的连接结构。DE 10 2013 109 616 A1说明了一种半成品，该半成品具有金属承载层和与其材料配合连接的聚合物层。聚合物层作为用于在背离金属层的一侧上连接尤其注射成型的、由聚合物制成的连接配对件的耦合层。因此，可以仅从一侧，即在耦合层侧上，将连接配对件与半成品连接。
发明内容
因此，本发明解决的目的是改进一种方法，以能够将金属-聚合物层压件单独地与连接配对件连接。
该目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的方法解决。
根据本发明的第一方面是一种用于将金属-聚合物层压件与至少一个连接配对件连接的方法，该金属-聚合物层压件包括至少一个金属层和通过材料配合连接的、由聚合物制成的层，其中该至少一个的金属层具有至少一个缺口和/或至少区域性地相较于由聚合物制成的层尺寸更小，使得至少在该至少一个的金属层的侧面上至少区域性地提供有由聚合物组成的层的自由表面以与至少一个的连接配对件连接，其中该连接配对件至少注射和/或挤压在该由聚合物制成的层的自由表面上。
利用本发明，尤其可以在金属侧上将金属-聚合物层压件与连接配对件连接。通过注射成型和/或通过压制成型方法，例如挤出或模压成型，将连接配对件在金属侧与由聚合物制成的层的自由表面连接。
金属层优选以单层形式或多层形式由金属材料构成。金属材料优选是钢合金的板，尤其是碳钢合金，铝合金，镁合金或不锈钢合金的板。当使用钢合金时，该板能够已经在至少一侧上涂覆了防腐蚀涂层。
由聚合物制成的层可以具有单层或多层构造。可以用于聚合物的材料尤其是热塑性塑料，例如聚酰胺(PA)，聚乙烯(PE)，聚苯硫醚(PPS)，聚砜(PSU)，聚丙烯(PP)，聚氨酯(PU)或其混合物，以及热固性树脂，例如环氧树脂，弹性体和热塑性弹性体。聚合物还可优选经过纤维增强，其中其包含聚合物基质和纤维，尤其是放置在聚合物基质中的纤维。前述聚合物尤其可以用作聚合物基质的材料。可以使用的纤维尤其是碳纤维，玻璃纤维，天然纤维，芳族聚酰胺纤维，聚合物纤维，金属纤维，陶瓷纤维，矿物纤维，再生纤维或它们的混合物。这里，也可以考虑以短纤维，长纤维和/或连续纤维的形式使用。纤维尤其可以以粗纱，垫子，织物，非织造物，带和/或网格布的形式提供。在多层的纤维增强的构造中，层中的至少一个也可以具有无纤维的构造。
为了构造或提供金属-聚合物层压件，将金属层和由聚合物制成的层彼此材料配合连接。为了增加两层之间的粘合，还可以在金属和聚合物之间配备增附剂形式的中间层。提供用于与至少一个连接配对件连接的金属-聚合物层压件可以是平面形式的，或者可以已经成形，尤其最终成形的。该金属-聚合物层压件具有例如厚度为0.1至1.0mm之间的金属层和厚度为0.2至3.0mm之间的由聚合物制成的层。
根据一个优选的实施形式，金属-聚合物层压件包括至少一个另外的金属层和/或另外的由聚合物制成的层，其材料配合地连接。金属-聚合物层压件优选地实施为夹心材料，该夹心材料具有用作盖层的两个金属层和布置在金属层之间并且用作芯层的由聚合物制成的层。由此，金属-聚合物层压件可以有利地通过一个或多个自由表面以在金属-聚合物层压件上单面或双面的方式在金属侧上与连接配对件连接。
根据一种优选的实施形式，至少一个的连接配对件由聚合物或低熔点的金属材料制成。适用于该聚合物的材料包括针对金属-聚合物层压件的层的聚合物已说明的所有体系。连接配对件的聚合物例如与金属-聚合物层压件的层的聚合物是相同种类的，连接配对件例如在其接合区域中的聚合物和/或金属-聚合物层压件上的自由表面尤其通过在连接之前加热促进了材料配合的连接。聚合物可以是以模塑料，注射模塑料，SMC(片状模塑料)，BMC(团状模塑料)或特别是纤维增强的有机片的形式提供。聚合物也可以是金属-聚合物材料，例如金属-聚合物层压件的一部分或一层。合适的低熔点金属材料包括例如熔点温度不高于300℃，尤其不高于270℃，优选不高于230℃的金属，以使得金属-聚合物层压件不在连接过程中暴露于过高的温度，这样的温度可能尤其对由聚合物制成的层上产生不利影响。
根据一种优选的实施形式，在金属-聚合物层压件上的至少一个金属层中引入至少一个缺口，和/或为了产生相较于由聚合物制成的层更小的尺寸而将该至少一个的金属层至少区域性地在金属-聚合物层压件上移除。可以根据需要进行例如在金属-聚合物层压件的边缘区域中的局部去除和/或在金属-聚合物层压件上的至少一个金属层中至少一个缺口的形成，并且例如通过机械方法，例如通过铣切，或通过热方法，例如借助于激光进行。如果金属-聚合物层压件优选具有两个金属盖层，也可以区域性地在两侧，优选在金属-聚合物层压件的边缘区域中区域地去除金属层。
根据一种优选的实施形式，在连接之前，以热、化学和/或机械方式活化由聚合物制成的层的自由表面。活化可以导致粘附行为的改善，尤其如果在由聚合物制成的层的自由表面上产生表面结构，该表面结构具有例如一种微观和/或宏观底切，由此导致与至少一个的连接配对件的粘附的提高，该连接配对件优选能够至少局部地挤入到底切中，并且由此附加地或替代地与由聚合物制成的层的自由表面卡合。活化可以例如借助于激光或机械地，例如通过喷砂或等离子进行。
根据一种优选的实施形式，在连接之前将由聚合物制成的层在自由表面的区域中变形和/或模制。在自由表面的区域中的变形和/或模制不仅导致与至少一个连接配对件的优选的材料配合连接，而且还形成形状配合，方法是优选由聚合物制成的层在自由表面的区域中形成至金属-聚合物层压件平面之外。如果自由表面至少局部地位于金属-聚合物层压件的边缘区域中，由聚合物制成的层可以在其延伸上分割并且在连接之前形成为燕尾形。如果金属-聚合物层压件中优选使用纤维增强的聚合物，可以根据负载布置尤其是在自由表面的区域中的纤维。
根据一种优选的实施形式，将至少一个第二金属-聚合物层压件与至少一个连接配对件连接。该至少一个的连接配对件优选地用于连接两个金属-聚合物层压件，其中该金属-聚合物层压件分别优选构造为具有两个金属盖层的夹心结构，并且每个金属层至少区域性地在其边缘区域的两侧上具有由聚合物制成的层的自由表面用于连接。连接配对件不仅优选通过材料配合连接在自由表面处与两个金属-聚合物层压件连接，而且也优选覆盖或围绕自由表面区域中的金属层的边缘，以保护金属层的开放边缘，尤其是在用于提供自由表面的热加工或机械加工之后产生的金属边缘，免受介质侵入或腐蚀。
附图说明
在下文中参考附图更详细地阐明本发明。相同的部分始终使用相同的附图标记。图中：
图1示出了在将金属-聚合物层压件与连接配对件连接之前的第一设计方案的示意性剖视图，
图2示出了在将金属-聚合物层压件与连接配对件连接之前的第二设计方案的示意性剖视图，
图3示出了在将金属-聚合物层压件与连接配对件连接之后的第三设计方案的示意性剖视图，以及
图4示出了在将两个金属-聚合物层压件与连接配对件连接之后的第四设计方案的示意性剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了在将金属-聚合物层压件(1)与连接配对件(2)连接之前的第一设计方案的示意性剖视图。金属-聚合物层压件(1)构造为夹心结构，并且包括两个金属层(1.1)和设置在两层(1.1)之间的由聚合物制成的层(1.2)，所述两个金属层用作盖层，优选为厚度在0.1至1.0mm之间的钢板，所述由聚合物制成的层并用作厚度在0.2至3.0mm之间的芯层，并且可以例如由多个层(1.21)组成，并且例如由热塑性基质与纤维材料构成，该基质优选为PA-PE或PA，PE，PPS，PSU，PP，PU的共混物，纤维材料例如由碳，芳族聚酰胺和/或玻璃制成。剖面图中所示的上部金属层(1.1)的尺寸至少区域性地，尤其是在边缘区域较由聚合物制成的层(1.2)小，由此在金属-聚合物层压件(1)的上侧至少区域性地提供由聚合物制成的层(1.2)的自由表面(1.22)，以用于与连接配对件(2)连接。为了产生与由聚合物制成的层(1.2)相比较小的尺寸，例如通过机械或热的方式至少部分地在金属-聚合物层压件(1)上去除上部金属层(1.1)。替代地，上部金属层(1.1)更小的尺寸可以在金属-聚合物层压件(1)的生产过程中已经相应提供。作为连接配对件(2)，例如提供由与金属-聚合物层压件的聚合物相似或相同的基质材料组成的有机板或另外的金属-聚合物层压件。在连接之前，可以以热，化学和/或机械的形式活化由聚合物制成的层(1.2)的自由表面(1.22)。为了促进材料配合连接，可以在连接之前至少加热由聚合物制成的层(1.2)的自由表面(1.22)。将连接配对件(2)借助于挤压过程挤压在至少由聚合物制成的层(1.2)的自由表面(1.22)上以与金属-聚合物层压件(1)连接。
图2示出了在将金属-聚合物层压件(1)与连接配对件连接之前的第二设计方案的示意性剖视图。与图1中的设计方案不同，金属-聚合物层压件(1)在该金属-聚合物层压件(1)上的上部金属层(1.1)中具有缺口(1.3)，通过该缺口(1.32)提供由聚合物制成的层(1.2)的自由表面(1.22)用于与连接配对件连接。在金属-聚合物层压件(1.1)上的上部金属层(1.1)中的至少一个缺口(1.3)可以根据需要引入，并且例如以机械或热的方式进行。借助于箭头表示，例如未示出的连接配对件，优选纤维增强的聚合物，可以通过注塑喷射在由聚合物制成的层(1.2)的自由表面(1.22)上，并且由此与金属-聚合物层压件(1)连接。
图3示出了在将金属-聚合物层压件(1)与连接配对件(2)连接之后的第三设计方案的示意性剖视图。与由聚合物制成的层(1.2)相比，上部和下部金属层(1.1)的尺寸更小，由此在金属-聚合物层压件(1)边缘区域中在两侧提供了用于连接的自由表面(1.22)。在连接之前，将由聚合物制成的层(1.2)在自由表面(1.22)的区域中变形和/或模制，方法是将由聚合物制成的层(1.2)在自由表面(1.22)的区域中形成至金属-聚合物层压件平面之外。由聚合物制成的层(1.2)在其延伸上分割，并在连接之前形成为燕尾形(1.4)。纤维增强聚合物中的纤维在自由表面(1.22)的区域中根据负载布置。自由表面(1.22)区域中的燕尾形(1.4)不仅导致与连接配对件(2)材料配合连接，而且还形成了形状配合连接，由此实现了在金属-聚合物层压件(1)和连接配对件(2)之间更加牢固的连接。连接配对件(2)优选地由纤维增强的聚合物组成并且通过注塑喷射在由聚合物制成的层(1.2)的自由表面(1.22)上。替代地，连接配对件也可以由未增强的热塑性或热固性聚合物组成，并且通过模压成型挤压在由聚合物制成的层的自由表面上。
图4示出了在将两个金属-聚合物层压件(1)与连接配对件(2)连接之后的第四设计方案的示意性剖视图。连接配对件(2)一方面用于连接两个金属-聚合物层压件(1)，另一方面还可以承担其他功能。上部金属层和下部金属层(1.1)的尺寸较由聚合物制成的层(1.2)小，由此金属-聚合物层压件(1)分别在边缘区域的两侧均具有自由表面(1.22)。连接配对件(2)不仅在自由表面(1.22)上与两个金属-聚合物层压件(1)材料配合连接，而且还在金属-聚合物层压件(1)的自由表面(1.22)的区域中覆盖或包围了金属层(1.1)的边缘，以保护金属层(1.1)的开放边缘。连接配对件(2)优选地由纤维增强的聚合物组成并且通过注塑喷射在由聚合物制成的层(1.2)的自由表面(1.22)上。替代地，连接配对件也可以由未增强的热塑性或热固性聚合物组成，并且通过模压成型挤压在由聚合物制成的层的自由表面上。
本发明不限于附图中所示的实施例，尤其是层和/或接合配对件的数量不限于三个。尤其也可以设置其他由聚合物制成的层和金属层。就纤维和基质而言，也可以使用其他的材料。此外，如果板由钢合金组成，则其可以已经涂覆了优选基于锌的防腐涂层。尤其地，为了增加金属层和由聚合物制成的层之间的粘附力，可以在薄板的至少一侧上，在面对该层的一侧上，涂覆增附剂。
附图标记说明
1 金属-聚合物层压件
1.1 金属层，薄板
1.2 由聚合物制成的层
1.21 聚合物单层
1.22 自由表面
1.3 缺口
1.4 燕尾形
2 连接配对件

Claims (6)

1.用于将金属-聚合物层压件与至少一个连接配对件连接的方法，该金属-聚合物层压件包括至少一个金属层和与其材料配合连接、由聚合物构成的层，其特征在于，所述至少一个的金属层具有至少一个缺口，和/或至少区域性地相较于由聚合物制成的层尺寸更小，使得至少在所述至少一个的金属层的侧面上至少区域性地提供有由聚合物制成的层的自由表面以与至少一个的连接配对件连接，其中所述连接配对件至少注射和/或挤压在所述由聚合物制成的层的自由表面上，并且该至少一个的缺口引入在金属-聚合物层压件的至少一个的金属层中，和/或为了产生相较于由聚合物制成的层更小的尺寸而将所述至少一个的金属层至少区域性地在金属-聚合物层压件上移除。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述金属-聚合物层压件包括至少一个另外的金属层和/或另外的由聚合物制成的层，其材料配合地连接。
3.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少一个的连接配对件由聚合物或低熔点的金属材料制成。
4.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在连接之前，以热、化学和/或机械方式活化所述由聚合物制成的层的自由表面。
5.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在连接之前将所述由聚合物制成的层在自由表面的区域中变形和/或模制。
6.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，将至少一个第二金属-聚合物层压件与至少一个连接配对件连接。
CN201880027481.1A 2017-04-25 2018-04-18 连接金属-聚合物层压件的方法 Pending CN110545980A (zh)

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