CN110542922B - Thin mutual reservoir description method taking reconstructed sand-to-ground ratio as seismic description target - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a thin interbed description method taking a reconstructed sand-to-ground ratio as an earthquake description target, which comprises the following steps: step 1, fine earthquake structure explanation of the top and bottom surfaces of a sand layer group is carried out; step 2, generating a plurality of earthquake attribute bodies by applying an earthquake means; step 3, analyzing the correlation between various seismic attributes and sand-ground ratio and net-gross ratio, determining whether the correlation has regionality, and selecting seismic attributes with high correlation in each subregion for subsequent research; step 4, respectively reconstructing sand-ground ratio according to the subareas in the step 3, calculating the correlation between the reconstructed sand-ground ratio and net-gross ratio and the preferred seismic attribute, and giving a linear formula; step 5, making an optimized seismic attribute plane graph, and converting the seismic attribute plane graph into a reconstructed sand-ground ratio or net-gross ratio plane distribution graph by using the formula in the step 4; and 6, deriving a sand ground ratio and net wool ratio plan by using the reconstructed sand ground ratio and net wool ratio plan. According to the thin mutual reservoir description method with the reconstructed sand-ground ratio as the seismic description target, the reconstructed sand-ground ratio is used as the seismic description target, so that higher similarity is obtained between the reconstructed sand-ground ratio and seismic attributes, the distribution rule of the thin mutual reservoir is effectively described, and the rule can effectively guide exploration and development practices.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil and gas industry, in particular to a thin interbed reservoir description method taking reconstructed sand-to-ground ratio as a seismic description target.
Background
The thin mutual reservoir has the characteristics of thin single layer, thin mudstone interlayer (the thickness of the single layer is smaller than the seismic time and the waveform can be distinguished), and long reservoir distribution well section. In the victory oil area, various sediment types can show thin mutual reservoir characteristics such as beach sand, turbid rock and the like, and the oil reservoirs are low in development degree at present and wide in distribution and are important sites for increasing storage and increasing production in the victory oil field in future. At present, a plurality of reservoir description methods with infinite stratifications are made from seismic methods, such as seismic inversion, attribute extraction, neural networks and the like, which are developed by taking an envelope formed by a single reservoir which can be distinguished by earthquakes or an envelope formed by a reservoir which can be distinguished by earthquakes and a mudstone interlayer as a description target, but the thin mutual reservoir described by the method of the invention does not form the reservoir envelope which can be distinguished by earthquakes, generally, the reservoir cannot be effectively described by the seismic description method, in addition, a thin mutual reservoir description method which takes a sand-to-earth ratio as a description target also exists, the sand-to-earth ratio which is the ratio of the reservoir thickness of a well point to the stratum thickness does not contain lithology information, and the seismic information is comprehensive response which is comprehensive and is comprehensive, so the sand-to-earth ratio is not equal in connotation; in addition, the research method is mainly put on the improvement of the seismic technology, the difficulty is high, the workload is high, and the correlation between the earthquake and the geological understanding is not easy to improve. The thin mutual reservoir description method taking the reconstructed reservoir sand-to-ground ratio as the seismic description target caters to each other from two directions of geology and earthquake, so that the reconstructed sand-to-ground ratio and the property of the well side channel earthquake are simpler and easier to achieve higher correlation.
Technical research shows that at present, the research in this respect at home and abroad focuses on the seismic method, and rarely on the reservoir, which is the described object, some of the reservoir sand-ground ratio descriptions are only provided, and two relevant documents are searched: the method is characterized in that areas with different deposition characteristics are divided by a seismic separation technology, and technologies such as seismic multi-attribute and neural network are applied to fuse and optimize aiming at different areas, so that the correlation between a seismic fusion result and a sand-to-ground ratio is greatly improved, and the plane spread of the sand-to-ground ratio of the reservoir is effectively predicted. But it is premised on the problem being discussed within one seismic tuning thickness. The second method is as follows: in 2016, research on well-seismic combined thin reservoir sedimentary microfacies characterization examples in the journal of geophysical exploration is carried out by taking a preferred reservoir sand-to-ground ratio as sensitive parameters of sedimentary microfacies, then carrying out optimization on combined seismic attributes by using a plurality of seismic methods, carrying out stepwise regression analysis by using a target parameter sand-to-ground ratio of a well point reservoir and sensitive seismic attributes of well side channels, and finally obtaining a sand-to-ground ratio plane distribution graph so as to obtain a sedimentary microfacies plane distribution graph. The two relevant documents searched above both use sand-ground ratio as seismic description target, the sand-ground ratio only reflects the thickness attribute in the longitudinal direction of the reservoir, and has no lithologic information, the seismic attribute, whether being single or combined, has not only volume attribute but also lithologic attribute contained therein, and the two attributes cannot be stripped, so that the correlation between the two attributes is sought, and the reconstruction of the sand-ground ratio is not enough from the aspect of earthquake, and the high correlation between the two attributes is sought, so that the method is a feasible method. Therefore, a novel thin mutual reservoir description method taking the reconstructed sand-to-ground ratio as the seismic description target is invented, and the technical problems are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a thin mutual reservoir description method which takes a reconstructed sand-to-ground ratio as a seismic description target and enables the reconstructed sand-to-ground ratio and seismic attributes to obtain higher similarity, thereby effectively describing the spreading rule of a thin mutual reservoir and taking the reconstructed sand-to-ground ratio as the seismic description target.
The object of the invention can be achieved by the following technical measures: the thin interbed description method with the reconstructed sand-to-ground ratio as the seismic description target comprises the following steps: step 1, fine earthquake structure explanation of the top and bottom surfaces of a sand layer group is carried out; step 2, generating a plurality of earthquake attribute bodies by applying an earthquake means; step 3, analyzing the correlation between various seismic attributes and sand-ground ratio and net-gross ratio, determining whether the correlation has regionality, and selecting seismic attributes with high correlation in each subregion for subsequent research; step 4, respectively reconstructing sand-ground ratio according to the subareas in the step 3, calculating the correlation between the reconstructed sand-ground ratio and net-gross ratio and the preferred seismic attribute, and giving a linear formula; step 5, making an optimized seismic attribute plane graph, and converting the seismic attribute plane graph into a reconstructed sand-ground ratio or net-gross ratio plane distribution graph by using the formula in the step 4; and 6, deriving a sand ground ratio and net wool ratio plan by using the reconstructed sand ground ratio and net wool ratio plan.
The object of the invention can also be achieved by the following technical measures:
in the step 1, collecting geological stratification data refined to a sand layer group, calibrating the geological stratification to a seismic section, carrying out fine tracking explanation on the top and bottom surfaces and faults of the sand layer group on the seismic section, and making a structural diagram of the top and bottom surfaces of the sand layer group.
In step 2, a plurality of seismic attribute bodies are generated by applying seismic means such as seismic inversion, neural network and fractal technology; and taking the top and bottom surfaces of the sand layer group of the fine earthquake explanation as constraint surfaces to open time windows, and extracting various earthquake attributes of the corresponding sand layer group.
In step 3, the correlation between each seismic attribute and the sand-ground ratio and the net-gross ratio is analyzed, whether the correlation has the zoning or not is determined, and then 1 seismic attribute and 2 seismic attributes with high correlation are selected for subsequent research in each zone (note that the correlation is not high possibly, and the correlation is relatively high).
In step 4, when sand-to-ground ratio reconstruction is performed, the formula of seismic attribute normalization is as follows:
F＝(Fmax-F)/(Fmax-Fmin) (1)
and F, well side channel seismic attribute value.
Fmax: and extracting the maximum seismic attribute value of the well side channel.
Fmin: and extracting the minimum seismic attribute value of the well side channel.
In step 4, when reconstructing the sand-to-ground ratio, the formula for reconstructing the sand-to-ground ratio for the first time, which is abbreviated as sand-to-ground ratio, is as follows:
sand to ground ratioPreparation ofSand to ground net wool ratio/2
Or sand to ground ratioPreparation of(sand to ground + net wool ratio)/2 (2)
In step 4, when reconstructing the sand-to-ground ratio, the step of reconstructing the sand-to-ground ratio, which is simply referred to as sand-to-ground specific gravity, includes:
(1) pre-linear correlation of seismic attribute values F and Y sand-to-ground ratios, respectively
Y＝a1*X+b1 (3)
F＝a2*X+b2 (4)
Y: sand-to-ground ratio pre-X: the serial numbers a1, a2, the coefficients b1 and b2
F, well side channel seismic attribute value;
(Note: We do not care whether the seismic attributes or sand-to-ground ratios have a linear relationship, but calculate the coefficients a1, a2, b1, b 2.)
(2) Reconstructed sand-to-ground ratio
Sand to ground ratioHeavy loadSand to ground ratioPreparation of+(a2-a1)*X+(b2-b1) (5)。
In step 4, when sand-ground ratio reconstruction is performed, the formula of linear correlation between the reconstructed sand-ground ratio and the seismic attribute is as follows:
sand to ground ratioHeavy load＝a3*F+b3 (6)
a 3: coefficient of performance
b 3: coefficient of performance
And F, well side channel seismic attribute value.
(Note: the correlation of seismic attributes with sand-ground specific gravity is greatly improved.)
In step 5, the seismic attribute map is converted to a reconstructed sand-to-surface histogram using equation (6) and corrected with well point values.
And 6, deriving a sand ground ratio map, a net gross ratio map and a sand body stacking thickness map by using the reconstructed sand ground ratio plan map according to application requirements, wherein the implementation method is the reverse process of the step 4:
sand to ground ratioPreparation ofSand to ground ratioHeavy load+(a1-a2)*X+(b1-b2) (7)
Sand-to-ground ratioPreparation of2/net wool ratio (8)
Net wool ratio (sand-to-ground ratio)Preparation of2/sand ratio (9)
The thin interbed reservoir description method taking the reconstructed sand-to-ground ratio as the seismic description target is applied to the field of reservoir prediction, and particularly relates to a reservoir description technical method for simply and quickly describing the thin interbed reservoir. The method takes the reconstructed sand-to-ground ratio as a seismic description target, so that higher similarity is obtained between the reconstructed sand-to-ground ratio and seismic attributes, and the spreading rule of the thin mutual reservoir is effectively described, and the rule can effectively guide exploration and development practices.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of one embodiment of a thin interbed reservoir description method of the present invention targeting a seismic description with a reconstructed sand-to-ground ratio;
FIG. 2 is a correlation analysis chart of the ratio of reconstructed sands;
FIG. 3a is a plot of reconstructed sand ratios for the A-block ES43 sand group;
FIG. 3b A block ES43 sand group sand ratio map.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flow chart of the thin interbed reservoir description method of the present invention for describing a target by using a reconstructed sand-to-ground ratio as an earthquake.
Taking the A block sand four-section three-sand group glutenite rolling evaluation research as an example, an implementation process of the thin interbed reservoir description method taking the reconstructed sand-to-ground ratio as the seismic description target is explained.
In this embodiment, the a-block four-section gravel rolling evaluation is selected as a research object, and according to the main characteristics of the oil reservoir, it is determined that the a-block four-section gravel rolling evaluation is a gravel reservoir with a long oil-containing well section and alternate thin interbed of gravel and mudstone. Collecting geological fine-contrast layering data, calibrating well point geological layering to a seismic profile by making a synthetic record by using seismic interpretation software, and finely interpreting the top and bottom surfaces and faults of the sand layer group on the seismic profile to make an ES43 sand group top and bottom surface structural diagram.
102, generating a plurality of seismic attribute bodies by applying various seismic means (such as seismic inversion, neural network, fractal technology and the like); and taking the top and bottom surfaces of the sand layer group of the fine earthquake explanation as constraint surfaces to open time windows, and extracting various earthquake attributes of the corresponding sand layer group.
In the embodiment, relative wave impedance, seismic tuning amplitude, tuning frequency and tuning phase data volumes are generated by using seismic inversion software and seismic attribute extraction software, seismic attribute data are extracted by using ES43 sand layer group top and bottom surfaces as constraint windowing,
103, analyzing the correlation between each seismic attribute and the sand-ground ratio and the net-gross ratio, determining whether the correlation has regionality, and selecting 1 and 2 seismic attributes with high correlation in each region for subsequent research (note: the correlation is not high possibly, and the correlation is high relatively).
In this embodiment, sand-to-land and net-to-gross data from the A-block ES43 log interpretation is collected and well side-channel seismic attribute data is extracted. The seismic data are normalized by formula (1) (column 3 of table 1) and are subjected to correlation analysis with well point sand-ground ratio and net-gross ratio data, and the seismic tuning frequency data are considered to have high correlation with the well point data and have two partitions of N193 and N166 (figures 2 and 3).
And step 104, respectively reconstructing sand-ground ratio according to the subareas in the step 103, wherein the formula is as follows:
1) seismic attribute normalization
F＝(Fmax-F)/(Fmax-Fmin) (1)
And F, well side channel seismic attribute value.
Fmax: and extracting the maximum seismic attribute value of the well side channel.
Fmin: and extracting the minimum seismic attribute value of the well side channel.
2) Sand-to-ground ratio for the first reconstitution (abbreviation: sand to ground ratioPreparation of)
Sand to ground ratioPreparation ofSand to ground net wool ratio/2
Or sand to ground ratioPreparation of(sand to ground + net wool ratio)/2 (2)
3) Reconstructed sand-to-ground ratio (abbreviation: sand to ground ratioHeavy load)
(1) Pre-linear fitting to seismic attributes and sand-to-ground ratio, respectively (FIG. 2)
Y＝a1*X+b1 (3)
F＝a2*X+b2 (4)
Y: sand to ground ratioPreparation ofX: serial number
N193 well region: a1 ═ 0.0067, a2 ═ 0.0998; b 1-0.181, b 2-0.0059
N166 well: a1 ═ 0.0013, a2 ═ 0.0755; b 1-0.0147, b 2-0.046
(Note: We do not care whether the seismic attributes or sand-to-ground ratios have a linear relationship, but calculate the coefficients a1, a2, b1, b 2.)
(2) Reconstructed sand-to-ground ratio
Sand to ground ratioHeavy loadSand to ground ratioPreparation of+(a2-a1)*X+(b2-b1) (5)
4) Reconstructed sand-to-ground ratio is linearly related to seismic attributes (FIG. 2)
Sand to ground ratioHeavy load＝a3*F+b3 (6)
N193 well region:0.8383 for a3 and 0.0689 for b3, and the correlation coefficient: r20.8198N166 well: a 3-0.9194, b 3-0.0206, correlation coefficient: r2＝0.9475
(Note: seismic Property to Sand to ground ratio)Heavy loadThe correlation of (2) is greatly improved. )
In this example, sand-to-ground ratio reconstruction was performed for each of the N193 and N166 wells, and 1) sand-to-ground ratio reconstruction was performed for the first time according to equation (2) (table 1). 2) According to the formulas (3) and (4) to the seismic attribute and sand-to-ground ratioPreparation ofRespectively performing linear fitting (figure 2), and reconstructing the sand-ground ratio for the second time according to the formula (5) to obtain the sand-ground ratioHeavy load(Table 1, FIG. 2), correlation of reconstructed sand-to-ground ratio with seismic attributes>80 percent, and meets the requirements of subsequent research (figure 2).
Sand to ground ratioPreparation ofSand to ground ratioHeavy load+(a1-a2)*X+(b1-b2) (7)
Sand-to-ground ratioPreparation of2/net wool ratio (8)
Net wool ratio (sand-to-ground ratio)Preparation of2/sand ratio (9)
Table 1: a-well area ES43 sand group reconstructed sand-to-ground ratio data table
Claims (4)
1. The thin interbed reservoir description method taking the reconstructed sand-to-ground ratio as the seismic description target is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, fine earthquake structure explanation of the top and bottom surfaces of a sand layer group is carried out;
step 2, generating a plurality of earthquake attribute bodies by applying an earthquake means;
step 3, analyzing the correlation between various seismic attributes and sand-ground ratio and net-gross ratio, determining whether the correlation has regionality, and selecting seismic attributes with high correlation in each region for subsequent research;
step 4, respectively reconstructing sand-ground ratio according to the subareas in the step 3, calculating the correlation between the reconstructed sand-ground ratio and net-gross ratio and the preferred seismic attribute, and giving a linear formula;
step 5, making an optimized seismic attribute plane graph, and converting the seismic attribute plane graph into a reconstructed sand-ground ratio or net-gross ratio plane distribution graph by using the formula in the step 4;
step 6, deriving a sand ground ratio and net gross ratio plan by using the reconstructed sand ground ratio and net gross ratio plan;
in step 4, when sand-to-ground ratio reconstruction is performed, the formula of seismic attribute normalization is as follows:
F＝(Fmax-F)/(Fmax-Fmin) (1)
f, well side channel seismic attribute value,
fmax: the extracted maximum seismic attribute value of the well side channel,
fmin: extracting the minimum seismic attribute value of the well side channel;
when sand-land ratio reconstruction is carried out, the sand-land ratio is reconstructed for the first time, which is called sand-land ratio for shortPreparation ofThe formula of (1) is as follows:
sand to ground ratioPreparation ofSand to ground net wool ratio/2
Or sand to ground ratioPreparation of(sandlot ratio + net wool ratio)/2 (2);
reconstructed sand-ground ratio abbreviated as sand-ground ratioHeavy loadComprises the following steps:
(1) respectively to seismic attribute and sand-to-ground ratioPreparation ofPerforming a linear fit
Y＝a1*X+b1 (3)
F＝a2*X+b2 (4)
Y: sand to ground ratioPreparation ofX: the serial numbers a1, a2, the coefficients b1 and b2
F, well side channel seismic attribute value;
(2) reconstructed sand-to-ground ratio
Sand to ground ratioHeavy loadSand to ground ratioPreparation of+(a2-a1)*X+(b2-b1) (5)；
The formula for linear correlation of the reconstructed sand-to-ground ratio and the seismic attributes is as follows:
sand to ground ratioHeavy load＝a3*F+b3 (6)
a 3: coefficient of performance
b 3: coefficient of performance
F, well side channel seismic attribute value;
converting the seismic attribute map into a reconstructed sand-to-ground ratio plane distribution map by using a formula (6), and correcting by using well point values; and (3) deriving a sand ground ratio map, a net-gross ratio map and a sand body stacking thickness map by using the reconstructed sand ground ratio map according to application requirements, wherein the implementation method is the reverse process of the step 4:
sand to ground ratioPreparation ofSand to ground ratioHeavy load+(a1-a2)*X+(b1-b2) (7)
Sand-to-ground ratioPreparation of2/net wool ratio (8)
Net wool ratio (sand-to-ground ratio)Preparation of2/sand ratio (9).
2. The thin interbed reservoir description method taking reconstructed sand-to-ground ratio as a seismic description target according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, geological stratification data refined to a sand group is collected, the geological stratification is calibrated to a seismic section, and fine tracking interpretation is performed on the top and bottom surfaces and faults of the sand group on the seismic section to produce a sand group top and bottom surface structure diagram.
3. The thin interbed reservoir description method taking the reconstructed sand-to-ground ratio as the seismic description target according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, a plurality of seismic attribute bodies are generated by applying seismic means such as seismic inversion, neural network and fractal technology; and taking the top and bottom surfaces of the sand layer group of the fine earthquake explanation as constraint surfaces to open time windows, and extracting various earthquake attributes of the corresponding sand layer group.
4. The thin interbed reservoir description method taking reconstructed sand-ground ratio as seismic description target according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the correlation between each seismic attribute and sand-ground ratio and net-gross ratio is analyzed, whether the correlation has zoning or not is determined, and then 1 and 2 seismic attributes with high correlation are selected for subsequent research in each zone.
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