CN104516019B - A kind of oil gas forecasting method based on spectral shape - Google Patents

A kind of oil gas forecasting method based on spectral shape Download PDF

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CN104516019B
CN104516019B CN201310450077.4A CN201310450077A CN104516019B CN 104516019 B CN104516019 B CN 104516019B CN 201310450077 A CN201310450077 A CN 201310450077A CN 104516019 B CN104516019 B CN 104516019B
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spectral shape
oil
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纪学武
臧殿光
张延庆
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China National Petroleum Corp
BGP Inc
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Abstract

The present invention is built upon a kind of oil gas forecasting method in spectral shape analytical technology.Reservoir calibration is carried out using the horizon calibration technology in seismic data interpretation system, according to reservoir thickness difference, Reservoir Section geological data is transformed into using discrete Fourier transform or wavelet transformation by frequency domain by time-domain, obtain Reservoir Section frequency domain data body, the oil-gas possibility of single-point is determined by spectral shape, the plane distribution of oil-gas bearing area band is predicted using Reservoir Section frequency domain data body, the distribution of whole district's oil-gas bearing area band is obtained.The present invention is compared with the frequency decay attribute that Conventional Time domain geological data is calculated, the analysis of single-point spectral shape can be at a glance carried out on frequency domain data body and in the plane into figure, work well, coincidence rate reaches more than 90%, and improves 35 times of calculating time.

Description

A kind of oil gas forecasting method based on spectral shape
Technical field
The present invention relates to geophysical exploration method, a kind of petroleum-gas prediction side in spectral shape analytical technology is built upon Method.
Background technology
With the development of the deep and geophysical prospecting technology of seismic prospecting, the increasing of object complexity and difficulty is especially explored, Oil-gas exploration hides development from original searching structural deposit to the compound gas-oil such as lithology and construction lithology.Petroleum-gas prediction Technology plays more and more important effect in oil-gas exploration.
Seismic wave when through different physical characteristic stratum or oily and non-oil-gas Layer, seismic amplitude energy or frequency into Part decay it is also different, therefore, seismic amplitude energy variation or frequency variation characteristic, the cross directional variations of frequency decay for reservoir and Oil and gas prediction provides important evidence, is that Gas water identification lays the foundation.Current oil gas forecasting method is based on earthquake mostly What amplitude energy change or frequency decay attribute were carried out.
But, confirmation is tested and just drilled in multiple research area's analysis, because seismic amplitude energy variation receives lithology combination, stratum The multifactor impacts such as thickness, deposition and oily, and the inaccuracy that frequency decay attribute is calculated to directly affect oil gas pre- Survey result, the drilling well of same oily(The same magnitude of yield)Frequency decay degree has differences, therefore unified mark difficult to use Standard is divided.Therefore, current method petroleum-gas prediction effect is not sometimes obvious, and coincidence rate is relatively low and unstable.
LandMark is to carry out petroleum-gas prediction using frequency decay technology with dominant frequency sequence properties, is entered by seismic data Line frequency analysis of spectrum, obtains three major frequency components, and three frequency changes of analysis contrast can be used to identification of hydrocarbon.Due to earthquake Data is made the corresponding amplitude of single-frequency extremely unstable by noise effect, and then causes the change of three radio-frequency components not necessarily anti- What is reflected is decay, therefore, the reliability using dominant frequency sequence properties predicting oil/gas is poor;Additionally, dominant frequency sequence properties can only be obtained To plan, predicted for single-point not directly perceived.And fluid activity attribute list section prediction effect is preferably, but plane need to be entered into figure Row multi-step operation, amount of calculation is big.
2007, Shi Yu et al. existed《Xinjiang petroleum geology》Deliver《Triassic system in Tahe Oilfield identification of lithologic traps with comment Valency technology》One text, discloses a kind of Triassic system identification of lithologic traps and evaluation method, the method sandstone development position carry out with Quantitative reservoir description based on seismic technology, petroleum-gas prediction, main Land use models identification, multi-parameters cluster analysis, frequency domain Attenuation gradient petroleum-gas prediction technology, oil-gas possibility of the prediction in Triassic system clastic reservoir.The technology applies multi-parameter and gathers Alanysis, frequency attenuation gradient carry out petroleum-gas prediction, similar with dominant frequency sequence properties with LandMark, are to apply common seismic Data volume extract attribute be predicted, and common seismic data volume amplitude due to by lithology combination, formation thickness, deposition and The multifactor impacts such as oily are sometimes unstable, the inaccuracy for causing frequency decay attribute to calculate, and influence petroleum-gas prediction precision. Meanwhile, the conventional gas and oil Predicting Technique or attribute of this document can not be to high yield, industry, micro- gas, water outlets(Non- outlet)Divided Class is predicted.In addition, single-point prediction needs known oil well and dry-well sample, and when in work area without drilling well, then individual well prediction It is difficult to carry out.
Patent CN101236257A, discloses a kind of oil well location determination technical, and accurate layer position mark is carried out first It is fixed, applied waveforms sorting technique, according to seismic facies distribution characteristics, with reference to the sea level changes rule of SEDIMENTARY FACIES ANALYSIS reservoir, selection Key well is analyzed, and instructs the whole district to study.The patent is predicted using common seismic data volume, and common seismic data Body amplitude causes frequency due to sometimes unstable by multifactor impacts such as lithology combination, formation thickness, deposition and oilys The inaccuracy that attenuation attributes are calculated, influences petroleum-gas prediction precision.Meanwhile, seismic facies, SEDIMENTARY FACIES ANALYSIS can not be to high yield, works Industry, micro- gas, water outlet(Non- outlet)Carry out classification prediction.The patent needs selection key well to be analyzed, and working as in work area does not have During drilling well, then single-point prediction is difficult to carry out.
Patent CN102288992A, disclose it is a kind of using seismic signal envelope peak instantaneous Frequency Estimation media qualities because The method of son, based on the quality factor that seismic signal is obtained by the instantaneous frequency that wavelet transformation is calculated, and and then prediction storage The oil-gas possibility of layer.The quality factor that the instantaneous frequency that the patent utilization wavelet transformation is calculated is obtained carries out petroleum-gas prediction, effect Fruit is better than common seismic data volume, but can not be to high yield, industry, micro- gas, water outlet(Non- outlet)Carry out classification prediction.Meanwhile, Based on the quality factor that seismic signal is obtained by the instantaneous frequency that wavelet transformation is calculated, planar prediction is not directly perceived.In addition, working as When reservoir thickness change is violent, it is necessary to by Fine calibration, specify reservoir development position, carry out petroleum-gas prediction for reservoir, Can be more accurate.
Oil gas forecasting method core based on spectral shape is to emphasize that spectral shape determines oil-gas possibility.High-yield well frequency spectrum shape Shape shows as two crests, and first peak is more than secondary peak, first peak and secondary p-ratio >=1.1, and frequency bandwidth is compared with the average frequency of seismic data cube Bandwidth narrows;Industrial well spectral shape shows as two crests, and first peak is more than secondary peak, 1.1>First peak and secondary p-ratio >=1, frequency Bandwidth broadens compared with high-yield well;Micro- gas well spectral shape shows as two crests, and first peak is less than secondary peak, first peak and secondary p-ratio< 1, frequency bandwidth broadens compared with high-yield well;Wet well(Non- outlet well)Spectral shape shows as unimodal, the more micro- product well change of frequency bandwidth It is wide.Conventional gas and oil Predicting Technique or attribute are not the prediction based on spectral shape.
The content of the invention
A kind of predicting oil/gas reliability being to provide mesh of the present invention and coincidence rate being high, effect is significantly based on spectral shape Oil gas forecasting method, is conducive to improving oil, the probing success rate of natural gas exploration, saves exploration cost.
The present invention is a kind of oil gas forecasting method based on spectral shape, is realized by following steps:
1)Reservoir calibration is carried out using the horizon calibration technology in seismic data interpretation system(Such as LandMark Syntool modules), development position of the reservoir on seismic profile is specified, it is determined that calculating the when window of frequency domain data body.
2)According to reservoir thickness difference, using discrete Fourier transform or wavelet transformation Reservoir Section geological data by the time Domain is transformed into frequency domain, obtains Reservoir Section frequency domain data body.
Step 2)It is described according to reservoir thickness difference, thick reservoir uses Fourier transformation, and thin layer uses wavelet transformation, obtains To Reservoir Section frequency domain data body.
3)Reservoir Section frequency spectrum is calculated, the oil-gas possibility of single-point is determined by spectral shape.
High-yield well spectral shape shows as two crests, and first peak is more than secondary peak, first peak and secondary p-ratio >=1.1, high-yield well Frequency bandwidth narrows compared with the average frequency bandwidth of seismic data cube;
Industrial well spectral shape shows as two crests, and first peak is more than secondary peak, 1.1>First peak and secondary p-ratio >=1, industry Well frequency bandwidth broadens compared with high-yield well;
Micro- gas well spectral shape shows as two crests, and first peak is less than secondary peak, first peak and secondary p-ratio<1, micro- gas well frequency band Width broadens compared with high-yield well;
Wet well(Non- outlet well)Spectral shape shows as unimodal, wet well(Non- outlet well)The more micro- gas well of frequency bandwidth becomes It is wide;
Step 3)Described determines that single-point oil-gas possibility is by spectral shape:With the increase of oil and gas production, frequency spectrum shape Shape is changed into two crests from single crest, and first peak value gradually strengthens, secondary peak weakens, and frequency bandwidth narrows.
4)The plane distribution of oil-gas bearing area band is predicted using Reservoir Section frequency domain data body, whole district's oil-gas bearing area band is obtained Distribution, completes petroleum-gas prediction.
Step 4)Using frequency domain data body prediction oil-gas bearing area band plane distribution be:
High-yield well spectral shape shows as two crests, and first peak is more than secondary peak, first peak and secondary p-ratio >=1.1, high-yield well Frequency bandwidth narrows compared with the average frequency bandwidth of seismic data cube;
Industrial well spectral shape shows as two crests, and first peak is more than secondary peak, 1.1>First peak and secondary p-ratio >=1, industry Well frequency bandwidth broadens compared with high-yield well;
Micro- gas well spectral shape shows as two crests, and first peak is less than secondary peak, first peak and secondary p-ratio<1, micro- gas well frequency band Width broadens compared with high-yield well;
Wet well(Non- outlet well)Spectral shape shows as unimodal, wet well(Non- outlet well)The more micro- gas well of frequency bandwidth becomes It is wide.The distribution of different spectral shape is predicted using frequency domain data body.
Step 4)Described cluster analysis uses the Clustering tool of LandMark or GeoEast.
Present invention firstly provides and employ the oil gas forecasting method based on spectral shape, with Conventional Time domain geological data The frequency decay attribute of calculating is compared, can at a glance be carried out on frequency domain data body the analysis of single-point spectral shape and Into figure in plane.For different lithology, the target zone of different depth, there is good result, coincidence rate reaches more than 90%, Er Qieti 3-5 times of the calculating time high.
Brief description of the drawings
Following institute is used for being further described the present invention using accompanying drawing, constitutes the part of the application, does not constitute Limitation of the invention.
Fig. 1 is high-yield well interval of interest spectral shape characteristic pattern, and abscissa is frequency, and ordinate represents energy, high-yield well Spectral shape shows as two crests, and first peak is more than secondary peak, first peak and secondary p-ratio >=1.1, and high-yield well frequency bandwidth is compared with earthquake The average frequency bandwidth of data volume narrows.
Fig. 2 is industrial well interval of interest spectral shape characteristic pattern, and abscissa is frequency, and ordinate represents energy, industrial well Spectral shape shows as two crests, and first peak is more than secondary peak, 1.1>First peak and secondary p-ratio >=1, industrial well frequency bandwidth are higher Well is produced to broaden.
Fig. 3 is micro- gas well interval of interest spectral shape characteristic pattern, and abscissa is frequency, and ordinate represents energy, performance with High-yield well, industrial well have notable difference, and micro- gas well spectral shape shows as two crests, and first peak is less than secondary peak, first peak and secondary peak Ratio<1, micro- gas well frequency bandwidth broadens compared with high-yield well.
Fig. 4 is wet well(Non- outlet well)Interval of interest spectral shape characteristic pattern, abscissa is frequency, and ordinate represents energy Amount, spectral shape feature has notable difference with gas well is obtained, and spectral shape shows as unimodal, wet well(Non- outlet well)Frequency bandwidth More micro- gas well broadens.
Fig. 5 is the plan that oil-gas bearing area band is predicted using frequency domain data body.It is divided into four classes, first according to spectral shape Class(White)Represent the Favorable Zones of prediction high yield, Equations of The Second Kind(It is light grey)Represent that prediction obtains the Favorable Zones of industrial gas, the 3rd Class(Dark grey)Represent the zone of pre- micrometer gas, the 4th class(Black)Represent the non-gassiness zone of prediction.
Specific embodiment
To make technical scheme, techniqueflow and advantage more simplicity and clarity, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to the present invention It is further described.Following specific embodiment and example explanation, do not constitute limitation of the invention.
The oil gas forecasting method flow based on spectral shape of the specific embodiment of the invention mainly includes:The first step, utilizes Horizon calibration technology in seismic data interpretation system carries out reservoir calibration(Such as the Syntool modules of LandMark), clearly store up Development position of the layer on seismic profile, it is determined that calculating the when window of frequency domain data body.Second step, according to reservoir thickness difference, Reservoir Section geological data is transformed into using discrete Fourier transform or wavelet transformation by frequency domain by time-domain, Reservoir Section is obtained frequently Rate numeric field data body(It is described according to reservoir thickness difference, thick reservoir uses Fourier transformation, and thin layer uses wavelet transformation, obtains Reservoir Section frequency domain data body).3rd step, calculates Reservoir Section frequency spectrum, and the oil-gas possibility of single-point is determined by spectral shape.
High-yield well spectral shape shows as two crests, and first peak is more than secondary peak, first peak and secondary p-ratio >=1.1, high-yield well Frequency bandwidth narrows compared with the average frequency bandwidth of seismic data cube;Industrial well spectral shape shows as two crests, and first peak is more than secondary Peak, 1.1>First peak and secondary p-ratio >=1, industrial well frequency bandwidth broaden compared with high-yield well;Micro- gas well spectral shape shows as two Crest, first peak is less than secondary peak, first peak and secondary p-ratio<1, micro- gas well frequency bandwidth broadens compared with high-yield well;Wet well(Non- outlet Well)Spectral shape shows as unimodal, wet well(Non- outlet well)The more micro- gas well of frequency bandwidth broadens;
Step 3)Described determines that single-point oil-gas possibility is by spectral shape:With the increase of oil and gas production, frequency spectrum shape Shape is changed into two crests from single crest, and first peak value gradually strengthens, secondary peak weakens, and frequency bandwidth narrows.
4th step, the plane distribution of oil-gas bearing area band is predicted using Reservoir Section frequency domain data body, obtains whole district's oily The distribution of zone, completes petroleum-gas prediction.
Step 4)Using frequency domain data body prediction oil-gas bearing area band plane distribution be:
High-yield well spectral shape shows as two crests, and first peak is more than secondary peak, first peak and secondary p-ratio >=1.1, high-yield well Frequency bandwidth narrows compared with the average frequency bandwidth of seismic data cube;Industrial well spectral shape shows as two crests, and first peak is more than secondary Peak, 1.1>First peak and secondary p-ratio >=1, industrial well frequency bandwidth broaden compared with high-yield well;Micro- gas well spectral shape shows as two Crest, first peak is less than secondary peak, first peak and secondary p-ratio<1, micro- gas well frequency bandwidth broadens compared with high-yield well;Wet well(Non- outlet Well)Spectral shape shows as unimodal, wet well(Non- outlet well)The more micro- gas well of frequency bandwidth broadens.It is pre- using frequency domain data body Survey the distribution of different spectral shape.
Instantiation of the present invention is realized by following steps:
1)24 mouthfuls of well reservoir calibrations are carried out using the horizon calibration technology in seismic data interpretation system(LandMark's Syntool modules), clearly favourable development position of the sandstone reservoir on seismic profile, it is determined that calculate frequency domain data body when Window.
2)Geological data is transformed into frequency domain by time-domain using discrete Fourier transform, Reservoir Section is obtained(Jurassic system Pearl punching group sandy gravel materials)Frequency domain data body.Non- Reservoir Section of the Jurassic system pearl punching group comprising sandy gravel materials and overlying, Frequency domain data body for Reservoir Section generation is more accurate than whole section of Jurassic system pearl punching group Horizon Prognosis oil-gas possibility.
3)Reservoir Section frequency spectrum is calculated, single-point oil-gas possibility is determined by spectral shape.
High-yield well spectral shape shows as two crests, and first peak is more than secondary peak, first peak and secondary p-ratio >=1.1, high-yield well Frequency bandwidth narrows compared with the average frequency bandwidth of seismic data cube(Fig. 1);
Industrial well spectral shape shows as two crests, and first peak is more than secondary peak, 1.1>First peak and secondary p-ratio >=1, industry Well frequency bandwidth broadens compared with high-yield well(Fig. 2);
Micro- gas well spectral shape shows as two crests, and first peak is less than secondary peak, first peak and secondary p-ratio<1, micro- gas well frequency band Width broadens compared with high-yield well(Fig. 3);
Wet well(Non- outlet well)Spectral shape shows as unimodal, wet well(Non- outlet well)The more micro- gas well of frequency bandwidth becomes It is wide(Fig. 4);
Jurassic system pearl punching group sandy gravel materials high-yield well, industrial well, micro- gas well, wet well(Non- outlet well)Spectral shape Feature understands(Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4).Determine that single-point oil-gas possibility is by spectral shape:With the increase of oil and gas production, Spectral shape is changed into two crests from single crest, and first peak value gradually strengthens, secondary peak weakens, and frequency bandwidth narrows.Jurassic system Well prognosis coincidence rate reaches 95.8% to pearl punching group sandy gravel materials.
4)The plane distribution of oil-gas bearing area band is predicted using Reservoir Section frequency domain data body, whole district's oil-gas bearing area band is obtained Distribution, predicts the distribution of favourable gassiness zone.By Jurassic system pearl punching group Reservoir Section frequency domain data body LandMark Or GeoEast clustering procedures obtain plan(Fig. 5).Predict the distribution of different spectral shape, i.e. high-yield well spectral shape table It is now two crests, first peak is more than secondary peak, first peak and secondary p-ratio >=1.1, and high-yield well frequency bandwidth is average compared with seismic data cube Frequency bandwidth narrows;Industrial well spectral shape shows as two crests, and first peak is more than secondary peak, 1.1>First peak and secondary p-ratio >=1, Industrial well frequency bandwidth broadens compared with high-yield well;Micro- gas well spectral shape shows as two crests, and first peak is less than secondary peak, first peak with it is secondary P-ratio<1, micro- gas well frequency bandwidth broadens compared with high-yield well;Wet well(Non- outlet well)Spectral shape shows as unimodal, wet well (Non- outlet well)The more micro- gas well of frequency bandwidth broadens.The distribution of different spectral shape is predicted using frequency domain data body, is obtained To the scope of whole district's oil-gas bearing area band, petroleum-gas prediction is completed, coincidence rate reaches 91.7%, specify that the exhibition of favourable oil-gas bearing area band Cloth feature.
The present invention is directed to sandstone reservoir, and the data based on Reservoir Section frequency domain data body are pre- by spectral shape feature The oil-gas possibility of single-point is surveyed, is used for predicting that the spread of favourable oil-gas bearing area band in plane is special using frequency domain data body plan Levy, coincidence rate brings up to more than 90% by 55%, and application effect is notable.
Fig. 1 is high-yield well interval of interest spectral shape, and abscissa is frequency, and ordinate represents energy, high-yield well frequency spectrum shape Shape shows as two crests, and first peak is more than secondary peak, first peak and secondary p-ratio >=1.1, and high-yield well frequency bandwidth is compared with seismic data cube Average frequency bandwidth narrows.Fig. 2 is industrial well spectral shape, and abscissa is frequency, and ordinate represents energy, industrial well frequency spectrum shape Shape shows as two crests, and first peak is more than secondary peak, 1.1>First peak and secondary p-ratio >=1, industrial well frequency bandwidth become compared with high-yield well It is wide.Fig. 3 is micro- gas well spectral shape, and abscissa is frequency, and ordinate represents energy, and performance has substantially with high-yield well, industrial well Difference, micro- gas well spectral shape shows as two crests, and first peak is less than secondary peak, first peak and secondary p-ratio<1, micro- gas well bandwidth Degree broadens compared with high-yield well.Fig. 4 is wet well(Non- outlet well)Spectral shape, abscissa is frequency, and ordinate represents energy, water outlet Well(Non- outlet well)Spectral shape shows as unimodal, wet well(Non- outlet well)The more micro- gas well of frequency bandwidth broadens.Spectral shape Feature has notable difference with gas well is obtained.
Fig. 5 is sandy gravel materials gas distribution prediction plan, using dividing for frequency domain data body prediction different spectral shape Cloth scope, i.e. high-yield well spectral shape show as two crests, and first peak is more than secondary peak, first peak and secondary p-ratio >=1.1, high-yield well Frequency bandwidth narrows compared with the average frequency bandwidth of seismic data cube;Industrial well spectral shape shows as two crests, and first peak is more than secondary Peak, 1.1>First peak and secondary p-ratio >=1, industrial well frequency bandwidth broaden compared with high-yield well;Micro- gas well spectral shape shows as two Crest, first peak is less than secondary peak, first peak and secondary p-ratio<1, micro- gas well frequency bandwidth broadens compared with high-yield well;Wet well(Non- outlet Well)Spectral shape shows as unimodal, wet well(Non- outlet well)The more micro- gas well of frequency bandwidth broadens.It is pre- using frequency domain data body The distribution of different spectral shape is surveyed, the scope of whole district's oil-gas bearing area band is obtained, petroleum-gas prediction is completed.According to spectral shape point It is four classes, the first kind(White)Represent the Favorable Zones of prediction high yield, Equations of The Second Kind(It is light grey)Represent that prediction obtains having for industrial gas Sharp zone, the 3rd class(Dark grey)Represent the zone of pre- micrometer gas, the 4th class(Black)Represent the non-gassiness zone of prediction.The first kind It is the Favorable Zones of gas distribution prediction with Equations of The Second Kind, the third and fourth class gas-bearing property is poor.
The present invention achieves good result for different lithology, the target zone experiment of different depth, and coincidence rate reaches More than 90%.And the analysis of single-point spectral shape and plane into figure can be at a glance carried out on frequency domain data body, this is Before difficult to realize using methods such as seismic energy or attenuation attributes, and improve 3-5 times of calculating time.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of oil gas forecasting method based on spectral shape, feature are through the following steps that realize:
1) reservoir calibration is carried out using the horizon calibration technology in seismic data interpretation system, specifies reservoir on seismic profile Development position, it is determined that calculating the when window of frequency domain data body;
2) according to reservoir thickness difference, Reservoir Section geological data is turned by time-domain using discrete Fourier transform or wavelet transformation Frequency domain is changed to, Reservoir Section frequency domain data body is obtained;
3) Reservoir Section frequency spectrum is calculated, the oil-gas possibility of single-point is determined by spectral shape;
High-yield well spectral shape shows as two crests, and first peak is more than secondary peak, first peak and secondary p-ratio >=1.1, high-yield well frequency band Width narrows compared with the average frequency bandwidth of seismic data cube;
Industrial well spectral shape shows as two crests, and first peak is more than secondary peak, 1.1>First peak and secondary p-ratio >=1, industrial well is frequently Bandwidth broadens compared with high-yield well;
Micro- gas well spectral shape shows as two crests, and first peak is less than secondary peak, first peak and secondary p-ratio<1, micro- gas well frequency bandwidth Broadened compared with high-yield well;
Wet well spectral shape shows as unimodal, and the more micro- gas well of wet well frequency bandwidth broadens, wherein, wet well is non-outlet Well;
4) plane distribution of oil-gas bearing area band is predicted using Reservoir Section frequency domain data body, the distribution of whole district's oil-gas bearing area band is obtained Scope, completes petroleum-gas prediction.
2. method according to claim 1, feature is step 2) described according to reservoir thickness difference, thick reservoir uses Fu In leaf transformation, thin layer uses wavelet transformation, obtains Reservoir Section frequency domain data body.
3. method according to claim 1, feature is step 3) described in single-point oil-gas possibility is determined by spectral shape It is:With the increase of oil and gas production, spectral shape is changed into two crests from single crest, and first peak value gradually strengthens, secondary peak weakens, And frequency bandwidth narrows.
4. method according to claim 1, feature is to obtain step 4 using cluster analysis) described in plane distribution, and institute State Clustering tool of the cluster analysis using LandMark or GeoEast.
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