CN110542752A - Slope runoff simulation device and using method thereof - Google Patents
Slope runoff simulation device and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a slope runoff simulation device which comprises a water supply system, a water tank and a recording system. The water tank comprises a flow stabilizing section, an energy dissipation section, a gate A and a gate B, river sand with uniform particles is regularly arranged on an organic glass plate to manufacture a roughness plate or the roughness plate is designed by a 3D printing technology, and various slope conditions can be simulated; the whole water tank is supported by a liftable bracket, and the height of the water tank can be randomly adjusted on the bracket so as to achieve the purpose of simulating different slopes; meanwhile, a steady flow forebay and an energy dissipation area are arranged at the front end of the water tank, so that kinetic energy interference caused by overlarge water supply flow is relieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a water flow simulation device, in particular to a slope runoff simulation device and a use method thereof.
Background
at present, artificial interference is caused to the slope of a river basin due to the influence of human activities, so that great influence is generated on the formation of slope surface flow and the converging process, the response relation between rainfall and slope runoff becomes abnormal, the occurrence of rainstorm and flood is aggravated, hydrogeology disasters are easily caused, huge economic loss is caused, and the research on the slope runoff is particularly important.
In the prior art, the research on the slope runoff is mainly to utilize an indoor simulation device, the experiment is generally provided with water tanks with different slopes, a device for simulating the slope condition of a drainage basin is laid in the water tanks, slope water flow is simulated through manual water drainage or manual rainfall, and different conditions of the slope water flow are observed. And because the paving material is single, various slope conditions cannot be simulated. Meanwhile, when the slope gradient is changed in the prior art, gravels or vegetation paved at the bottom are easily washed by water flow, so that a simulation result has a large error. Adopt the unadjustable horizontal multistage basin of slope to carry out the simulation experiment among the patent CN C104535295B to lay the perforated plate at the experimental section, insert on the perforated plate and be equipped with simulation model and plastic rod, and send water through setting up at high-order water tank. Although the slope environment of various conditions can be simulated, the water supply flow is controlled by adopting a mode of controlling the water level stability of the water supply tank, and a water outlet is not provided with a water supply flow detection device, so that the accuracy of water supply is difficult to ensure; meanwhile, the water tank is divided into three parts: the water supply device comprises a horizontal section, a sinking section and a water measuring section, wherein when water is supplied, the water inlet device directly overflows into the horizontal section after being filled with water, and when the water supply flow is large, the water supply device can generate large kinetic energy and bring strong interference to water flow entering a water tank; the gradient of the water tank is unique, and slope surface flows under various gradients are difficult to simulate; in addition, the slope condition is simulated by inserting a plastic rod or a structure model into the porous plate, and although the structure can be completely reduced in size according to the actual model, the relationship between the roughness of the structure model and the roughness of the actual model is difficult to determine.
Therefore, a slope runoff simulation device capable of simulating various slopes and different slope environments is needed.
disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a slope runoff simulation device which comprises a water supply system, a water tank and a recording system, wherein the water supply system, the water tank and the recording system are sequentially arranged on a support from right to left.
The water supply system comprises a water pump, a frequency converter and an electronic flowmeter, wherein the electronic flowmeter is arranged in a water pipe between the water pump and the water tank, and the frequency converter controls a driving mechanism of the water pump.
the water tank comprises a steady flow section, an energy dissipation section, a gate A and a gate B, wherein an experiment section is formed between the gate A and the gate B, the steady flow section, the energy dissipation section, the gate A and the gate B are sequentially arranged from right to left from a water supply system side, and the energy dissipation section is separated from the steady flow section through a partition plate.
The recording system consists of a flow observing device and a data recording device, wherein the flow observing device consists of a triangular weir and a water level self-recording device, and the flow observing device is in communication connection with the data recording device.
Furthermore, the energy dissipation section comprises two baffles and a coarse pore sponge, and the coarse pore sponge is placed between the two baffles.
Furthermore, the two baffles and the partition plate of the energy dissipation section are provided with small holes, and the small holes of the partition plate and the small holes of the two baffles of the energy dissipation section along the water flow direction are sequentially reduced.
Further, the support comprises a front support frame and a rear support frame, through holes are formed in the rear support frame at intervals, and the water tank can be controlled to show different slopes through fixing screws at different heights.
Further, a roughness plate is paved in the experimental section to simulate the natural slope condition, wherein the roughness plate is detachably arranged in the water tank.
Further, the roughness plate is preferably a roughness plate coated with river sand with different sizes or a roughness plate printed with different arrangement combination shapes in a 3D mode.
Furthermore, the water tank is a hollow uncovered rectangle, a water inlet is formed in the front wall of the flow stabilizing section, and an open water outlet is formed in one end, close to the gate B, of the flow stabilizing section.
Further, the water level self-recording device is a displacement sensor arranged in a pipeline, wherein the outer side of the triangular weir is communicated with the weir.
further, a water drainage port is reserved at the bottom of the water tank between the gate A and the energy dissipation section, a water drainage port is arranged near the gate B in the experiment section, the water drainage port and the water drainage port are both plugged by rubber plugs, a water receiving barrel is placed below the water drainage port, and rubber packages are arranged on the edges of the gate A and the gate B.
furthermore, the front support frame is controlled to lift through an electric lifting screw rod, and the rear support frame is fixed on the installation plane.
furthermore, the front support frame is controlled to lift through an air cylinder, and the rear support frame is fixed on the mounting plane.
When in use:
1. selecting a target roughness plate to be placed in a water tank, and adjusting the water tank to a designed gradient value through an adjusting bracket;
2. Turning on a water pump, supplying water to the water tank, adjusting a frequency converter to enable the water supply flow to reach a designed flow value, and stabilizing for 5 minutes;
3. And if the flow is small, calculating the water depth of the water flow by a weighing method. The method comprises the following specific steps: after the water flow in the experimental water tank is stable, simultaneously falling down two gates of the experimental water tank, simultaneously opening a water outlet outside the gate A, after the water flow outside the gate A is exhausted, opening a water outlet near the gate B, and taking the total water amount flowing into the water receiving barrel as the water amount of the experimental area; weighing the water quantity in the experimental area, and obtaining h according to a formula W ═ rho BLh (in the formula, W is the weight of the water body, rho is the density of the water, L, B is the length and the width of the water tank respectively, and h is the average water depth); if the flow rate is large, the water level in the water tank is read by the water level measuring instrument.
4. the manning roughness coefficient n of the underlying surface was obtained by simultaneously obtaining v ahm-1 and q vhB (in the above formula, q represents a cross-sectional flow rate, v represents a cross-sectional average flow velocity, θ represents a gradient angle, and m represents an empirical coefficient).
5. according to multiple groups of experimental data, the relationship between the surface roughness and the Mannich roughness coefficient, namely the hydraulic roughness coefficient, is calculated by using an exponential equation.
The river sand with uniform particles is regularly arranged on the organic glass plate to manufacture the roughness plate, so that the uniformity of the underlying surface is ensured, and the surface roughness is easier to calculate; the roughness plate is designed by a 3D printing technology, so that the slope condition can be obtained more accurately; the whole water tank is supported by the bracket, and the height of the water tank can be adjusted on the bracket at will so as to achieve the purpose of simulating different slopes. The front end of the water tank is provided with a steady flow forebay and an energy dissipation area, so that kinetic energy interference caused by overlarge water supply flow is relieved. It can realize simulating the slope runoff of multiple slopes and different slope surface environments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a slope runoff simulation apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a water tank structure of the slope runoff simulating apparatus;
1-water supply system, 2-bracket A, 3-water tank, 4-triangular weir, 5-steady flow section, 6-energy dissipation section, 7-gate A, 8-gate B, 9-water outlet and 10-water inlet.
Detailed Description
in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the slope runoff simulation apparatus of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the slope runoff simulation device comprises a water supply system 1, a water tank 3 and a recording system, wherein the water supply system, the water tank and the recording system are sequentially arranged on a support 2 from right to left.
The water supply system comprises a water pump, a frequency converter and an electronic flowmeter. The frequency converter and the electronic flowmeter are placed in a PVC pipe between the water pump and the water tank in front of and behind, the data of the frequency converter is adjusted, and meanwhile, the data of the electronic flowmeter is read, so that the current water pumping flow of the water pump can be known.
The experimental water tank is a hollow uncovered rectangle, the size of the experimental water tank is 3m multiplied by 0.5m multiplied by 0.3m (length multiplied by width multiplied by height), the side wall is smooth, and the experimental water tank can be divided into four parts, namely a steady flow section 5 (about 20cm away from the water inlet), an energy dissipation section 6, a gate A7 and a gate B8 from the water inlet to the water outlet, wherein the area between the gate A7 and the gate B8 is an experimental section. The water inlet 10 is a circular inlet with the diameter of 63mm, a partition plate is added between the water inlet 10 and the steady flow forebay in order to eliminate partial kinetic energy of water flow, the size of the partition plate is 0.2m x 0.2m, water outlet holes I with the uniform aperture of 10mm are distributed on the partition plate, and water flow is dispersed through the water outlet holes I to eliminate partial kinetic energy and enter the energy dissipation section. The energy dissipation section consists of two baffles and a coarse-meshed sponge, and the coarse-meshed sponge is placed between the two baffles to further eliminate water flow energy and enable the water flow energy to stably enter the experiment section. Wherein, the baffle size near the water inlet is 0.5m 0.3m, holes A with the diameter of 0.3m are uniformly distributed, the baffle size near the gate A end is also 0.5m 0.3m, and holes B with the diameter of 0.1m are uniformly distributed. The energy dissipation section has the function of completely dissipating energy of water flow so that the water flow stably enters the experiment section. The edges of the gate A and the gate B are wrapped by rubber. A water drainage opening with the diameter of 30mm is reserved at the bottom of the water tank between the gate A and the energy dissipation section. A water outlet with the diameter of 30mm is reserved at the position of the experimental section close to the gate B. The water outlet and the water outlet are plugged by rubber plugs, and a water receiving barrel is arranged below the water outlet and the water receiving barrel.
The height of the whole water tank is controlled by the support 2, the support comprises a front support frame and a rear support frame, small holes are formed in the front support frame every 5cm, and the water tank can be controlled by fixing screws at different heights to enable the water tank to show different gradients. The replaceable front support frame is controlled to lift through an electric lifting screw rod, and the rear support frame is fixed on the mounting plane. The replaceable front support frame is controlled to lift through the air cylinder, and the rear support frame is fixed on the mounting plane.
The experimental observation recording system consists of a flow observation device and a data recording device. The flow observation device consists of a triangular weir 4 and a water level self-recording device. Water flow finally flows into the triangular weir through the water outlet 9 through the water tank, a pipeline communicated with the weir is reserved on the outer side of the triangular weir, a displacement sensor is arranged in the pipeline, water level data of the triangular weir is monitored in real time, the sensor is connected with a serial line, and the water level data of the displacement sensor is transmitted to a storage card of a data recording device in real time.
Roughness boards can be laid in the water tank to simulate the natural slope conditions. The roughness plate is a replaceable movable thin plate and is not integrated with the experimental water tank. Its size and the inside identical completely of experiment basin, can imbed the experiment basin completely, for leaking between the seam of avoiding roughness board and experiment basin, place the roughness board and generally use glass to glue and carry out further sealed to the seam behind the intake chamber. The water outlet is provided with a buckle, when the roughness plate is replaced, the buckle is lifted, and the roughness plate can be easily taken down for replacement by scratching the glass cement at the joint with the wallpaper knife.
the surface roughness refers to the fluctuation condition of the surface in the direction of the maximum gradient of the gradient, and is two different concepts from the hydraulic roughness, but the prior research shows that the two have an exponential relationship. The surface roughness is designed in two ways, one is to arrange roughness plates stained with river sand with different sizes, and the grain diameters of the selected river sand are respectively 1-2mm,2-4mm,4-6mm,8-10mm and 12-15 mm. One is to print out roughness plates with different arrangement and combination shapes by a 3D printing mode to set the slope condition. Compared with a plastic rod and a structure model, the design mode has stronger controllability, and the surface roughness can be more easily determined because the shape is simple and the surface relief degree can be completely obtained when the 3D printing graph is designed.
Because the organic glass plate can not produce and ooze down, consequently when the water supply is stable, the rivers flow that flows into the experiment basin is unanimous with the delivery port outflow rivers flow. And selecting a certain fixed water supply flow to stabilize the numerical value of the flow meter at the design flow for at least 5 minutes, calculating the outflow flow according to a triangular weir water level flow formula through the triangular weir water level when the flow is stable, considering that the water supply is accurate if the flow calculated by the triangular weir water level data is consistent with the designed water supply flow, and considering that the water supply is stable if the triangular weir water level data can keep the same stabilization time as the water level meter.
When in use:
1. Selecting a target roughness plate to be placed in a water tank, and adjusting the water tank to a designed gradient value through an adjusting bracket;
2. Turning on a water pump, supplying water to the water tank, adjusting a frequency converter to enable the water supply flow to reach a designed flow value, and stabilizing for 5 minutes;
3. And if the flow is small, calculating the water depth of the water flow by a weighing method. The method comprises the following specific steps: after the water flow in the experimental water tank is stable, simultaneously falling down two gates of the experimental water tank, simultaneously opening a water outlet outside the gate A, after the water flow outside the gate A is exhausted, opening a water outlet near the gate B, and taking the total water amount flowing into the water receiving barrel as the water amount of the experimental area; weighing the water quantity in the experimental area, and obtaining h according to a formula W ═ rho BLh (in the formula, W is the weight of the water body, rho is the density of the water, L, B is the length and the width of the water tank respectively, and h is the average water depth); if the flow rate is large, the water level in the water tank is read by the water level measuring instrument.
4. The manning roughness coefficient n of the underlying surface was obtained by simultaneously obtaining v ahm-1 and q vhB (in the above formula, q represents a cross-sectional flow rate, v represents a cross-sectional average flow velocity, θ represents a gradient angle, and m represents an empirical coefficient).
5. According to multiple groups of experimental data, the relationship between the surface roughness and the Mannich roughness coefficient, namely the hydraulic roughness coefficient, is calculated by using an exponential equation.
It will be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments taken to illustrate the principles of the present invention, which is not limited thereto. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. the utility model provides a slope runoff analogue means, includes water supply system, basin and recording system, its characterized in that: the water supply system, the water tank and the recording system are sequentially arranged on the bracket from right to left, the water supply system comprises a water pump, a frequency converter and an electronic flowmeter, the electronic flowmeter is arranged in a water conveying pipe between the water pump and the water tank, the frequency converter controls a driving mechanism of the water pump, the water tank comprises a steady flow section, an energy dissipation section, a gate A and a gate B, an experimental section is formed between the gate A and the gate B, the steady flow section, the energy dissipation section, the gate A and the gate B are sequentially arranged from right to left from the side of the water supply system, the energy dissipation section is separated from the steady flow section through a partition plate, the recording system comprises a flow observation device and a data recording device, the flow observation device comprises a triangular weir and a water level self-recording device, the flow observation device is in communication connection with the data recording device, the energy dissipation section comprises two baffles and a coarse-hole sponge, and, and a roughness plate is paved in the experimental section, wherein the roughness plate is detachably arranged in the experimental section.
2. The slope runoff simulation apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the baffle, two baffles of energy dissipation section all are equipped with the aperture, and the aperture of baffle, the aperture of two baffles of energy dissipation section along the rivers direction reduce in proper order.
3. The slope runoff simulation apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the support comprises a front support frame and a rear support frame, through holes are formed in the rear support frame at intervals, and the water tank can be controlled to show different slopes through fixing screws at different heights.
4. The slope runoff simulation apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the roughness plate is a roughness plate coated with river sand with different sizes or a roughness plate printed with different arrangement and combination shapes in a 3D mode.
5. The slope runoff simulation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the water tank is a hollow uncovered rectangle, a water inlet is formed in the front wall of the flow stabilizing section, and an open water outlet is formed in one end, close to the gate B, of the water tank.
6. The slope runoff simulation apparatus of claim 5, wherein: the water level self-recording device is a displacement sensor arranged in a pipeline, wherein the outer side of the triangular weir is communicated with the weir.
7. The slope runoff simulation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and 6, wherein: a water drainage opening is reserved at the bottom of the water tank between the gate A and the energy dissipation section, a water drainage opening is arranged at the bottom of the end, close to the gate B, of the experiment section, the water drainage opening and the water drainage opening are plugged by rubber plugs, a water receiving barrel is placed below the water drainage opening, and rubber packages are arranged at the edges of the gate A and the gate B.
8. The slope runoff simulation apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the support comprises a front support frame and a rear support frame, the front support frame is controlled to lift through an electric lifting screw rod, and the rear support frame is fixed on the mounting plane.
9. The slope runoff simulation apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the support comprises a front support frame and a rear support frame, the front support frame is controlled to lift through an air cylinder, and the rear support frame is fixed on the mounting plane.
10. The use method of the slope runoff simulating apparatus according to the claims 1 to 9, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting a target roughness plate to be placed in a water tank, and adjusting the water tank to a designed gradient value through an adjusting bracket;
(2) Turning on a water pump, supplying water to the water tank, adjusting a frequency converter to enable the water supply flow to reach a designed flow value, and stabilizing for 5 minutes;
(3) If the flow is small, calculating the water depth of the water flow by a weighing method: after the water flow in the experimental water tank is stable, simultaneously falling down two gates of the experimental water tank, simultaneously opening a water outlet outside the gate A, after the water flow outside the gate A is exhausted, opening a water outlet near the gate B, and taking the total water amount flowing into the water receiving barrel as the water amount of the experimental area; weighing the water quantity in the experimental area, and obtaining h according to a formula W-rho BLh, wherein W is the weight of the water body, rho is the density of the water, L, B is the length and the width of the water tank respectively, and h is the average water depth; if the flow is large, reading the water level in the water tank through a water level measuring instrument;
(4) Obtaining a Manning roughness coefficient n of the underlying surface by combining v-ahm-1 and q-vhB, wherein q is the section flow, v is the section average flow velocity, theta is the gradient angle, and m is an empirical coefficient;
(5) According to multiple groups of experimental data, the relationship between the surface roughness and the Mannich roughness coefficient, namely the hydraulic roughness coefficient, is calculated by using an exponential equation.
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| CN111238771A (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2020-06-05 | 北京市水科学技术研究院 | Water tank roughness coefficient experimental device |
| CN111443183A (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2020-07-24 | 安徽省（水利部淮河水利委员会）水利科学研究院（安徽省水利工程质量检测中心站） | Portable slope runoff water and sand collecting groove |
| CN111642449A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-09-11 | 水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所 | Slope-variable water tank for testing swimming capacity of fishes |
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