CN110542677A - Method for observing space-time distribution of air gap discharge emission spectrum - Google Patents
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Abstract
the invention discloses an observation method of air gap discharge emission spectrum space-time distribution, which can obtain the accurate and high-resolution space-time distribution of the air gap discharge emission spectrum under standard lightning impulse by setting the trigger time delay of a grating spectrometer and the gain of an image enhancement detector and correcting various signal transmission time delays. The observation method of the air gap discharge emission spectrum space-time distribution under the standard lightning impulse is used for researching the lightning protection design of the power system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power systems, in particular to an observation method for air gap discharge emission spectrum space-time distribution.
Background
lightning is one of the main reasons for tripping of the power transmission line, so that research on the physical discharge mechanism, protective measures and numerical simulation methods of the air gap under lightning impact is the key and difficult point of the lightning protection of the power system.
in the prior art, in the aspect of observing the air gap discharge emission spectrum, the emission spectrum of a discharge channel after the air gap breakdown is mainly obtained through an optical fiber probe and an optical fiber spectrometer. But is limited by the exposure time, shooting speed and fiber probe placement requirements of the fiber spectrometer: firstly, the air gap discharge emission spectrum is obtained at least through mu s-level exposure, and compared with the pulse period of standard lightning impulse voltage, the pulse period is not instantaneous, and the emission spectrum of each development stage of air gap discharge cannot be obtained; secondly, because the discharge channel path of the long air gap under standard lightning impulse has randomness, the optical fiber probe is difficult to be effectively placed near the air gap; third, fiber optic spectrometers do not provide linear gain in the intensity of the emission spectrum, which may be less than ideal in intensity and resolution if used to obtain the emission spectrum at the corona onset and streamer development stages. Therefore, the spatial and temporal distribution of the air gap discharge emission spectrum under the standard lightning impulse obtained by the existing observation technology and method is seriously insufficient in the aspects of accuracy and resolution, so that the deep research on the physical mechanism of the air gap discharge under the standard lightning impulse is limited, further, reasonable protection measures cannot be set in the power system, and the improvement of the lightning protection level of the power system is hindered.
disclosure of Invention
in order to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides an observation method of air gap discharge emission spectrum space-time distribution under standard lightning impulse, which is used for obtaining more accurate and higher-resolution space-time distribution of air gap discharge emission spectrum under standard lightning impulse, promoting the depth degree of research on physical discharge mechanism of air gap under standard lightning impulse and finally promoting the improvement of lightning protection level of a power system.
the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A method for observing the space-time distribution of an air gap discharge emission spectrum comprises the following steps:
S1, measuring the 50% breakdown discharge voltage U50% of air gap discharge under standard lightning impulse;
S2, applying standard lightning impulse voltage at two ends of the air gap, wherein the amplitude of the applied voltage is kU 50%;
S3, repeatedly discharging for a fixed impulse voltage amplitude, setting a trigger time delay, shooting a complete and clear air gap discharge channel image by using a grating spectrometer, and then adjusting the position and the shooting focal length of the grating spectrometer according to the position of the discharge channel in the image to enable the air gap discharge channel to be positioned at the center of the image and enable the slit width of the grating spectrometer to be as small as possible;
S4, shooting a 0-1000 nm full-waveband emission spectrogram of an air gap discharge channel, and selecting and recording a central wavelength value corresponding to a spectral line with an obvious peak;
s5, setting the triggering time delay to be the minimum value in a voltage pulse period, setting the central wavelength shot by the grating spectrometer, and obtaining the air gap discharge emission spectrogram corresponding to the central wavelength value selected in the step S4 from the wave head of the voltage pulse to obtain the space-time distribution under the condition of no gain;
s6, if the intensity of the obtained air gap discharge emission spectrogram is insufficient, the gain multiple of the image enhancement detector of the grating spectrometer is increased in a stepping mode until the emission spectrum with sufficient intensity is shot or the gain multiple of the image enhancement detector reaches the upper limit, and then the step S7 is carried out;
If the intensity of the obtained air gap discharge emission spectrogram is enough, directly entering S7;
S7, sequencing emission spectrograms with sufficient intensity according to the positions of pulse voltages at moments in a period to obtain the space-time distribution of an air gap discharge emission spectrum under standard lightning impulse;
And S8, correcting the transmission delay of the space-time distribution of the air gap discharge emission spectrum under the standard lightning impulse obtained in S7 to obtain the space-time distribution of the air gap discharge emission spectrum under the standard lightning impulse.
In S3, the exposure time for each shot of the air gap discharge emission spectrum is set to 3ns, and the gain multiple of the image intensifier detector is 1.
In S3, the oscilloscope sends a trigger signal to the image intensifier detector when the oscilloscope reaches a trigger level, and a time interval between when the image intensifier detector receives the trigger signal and when the image intensifier detector starts to expose is trigger delay.
The shooting interval in S5 is set to 50 ns.
In S8, the transmission delay includes a transmission time delay between the oscilloscope and the grating spectrometer, a time delay for transmitting the impulse voltage generator signal to the oscilloscope, and a penalty time delay set by the image enhancement detector of the grating spectrometer.
The value of k is 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 or 1.6.
the waveform of the standard lightning surge voltage in S2 is 1.2/50 mus.
the correction of the transmission delay is carried out on the space-time distribution of the air gap discharge emission spectrum under the standard lightning impulse obtained in the step S7, which specifically comprises the following steps:
When waveform data processing is carried out, the time axis of the impulse voltage waveform subtracts the time delay value of the impulse voltage generator signal transmitted to the oscilloscope, the image enhancement detector feeds back the time axis of the monitoring signal of the oscilloscope minus the transmission time delay value between the oscilloscope and the grating spectrometer, the actual time position of each group of discharge emission spectrograms in the pulse voltage period can be determined, and the discharge emission spectrograms space-time distribution under the standard lightning impulse is obtained.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) Setting the exposure time of each emission spectrogram to be 3ns, carrying out repeated discharge by fixing the amplitude of impulse voltage, shooting a group of air gap discharge emission spectrograms at intervals of 50ns in an impulse voltage period, aiming at the weak discharge phenomenon in the early corona starting and streamer development stages, obtaining an emission spectrum with sufficient strength by increasing the gain multiple of an image enhancement detector of a grating spectrometer, and comprehensively considering the transmission time delay between an oscilloscope and the grating spectrometer, the time delay of transmitting an impulse voltage generator signal to the oscilloscope and the trigger time delay set by the grating spectrometer, and finally obtaining more accurate and higher-resolution time-space distribution of the air gap discharge emission spectrum under the standard lightning impact;
(2) Compared with the prior art, the emission spectrum space-time distribution of air gap discharge under standard lightning impulse obtained by the invention has the advantages that the intensity, the resolution and the time distribution accuracy of the emission spectrum are equally and greatly improved, the emission spectrum space-time distribution can be used for obtaining the emission spectrum of m-level long air gap discharge, the deep research on the discharge physical mechanism of the air gap under standard lightning impulse is facilitated, and the lightning protection level of a power system is finally improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the operation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hardware architecture implementation of the present invention.
Detailed Description
the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
examples
In order to further illustrate the system and method for observing the space-time distribution of the discharge emission spectrum of the air gap under the standard lightning impulse provided by the embodiment of the invention, the following takes an observation test of the space-time distribution of the discharge emission spectrum of the 1m rod-plate air gap under the standard lightning impulse as an example, and the detailed description is given by combining the attached drawings of the specification.
as shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, a standard lightning impulse voltage is applied across the gap between the rod 3 and the plate 4 by the impulse voltage generator 1 to simulate lightning strike discharge, the capacitive voltage divider 2 reduces the output voltage of the high-voltage impulse voltage generator to a range of an oscilloscope, the oscilloscope 5 is configured to display voltage waveforms across the gap between the rod and the plate at the high-voltage end and send a trigger signal to the image enhancement detector 7 of the grating spectrometer 6 when the impulse voltage reaches a trigger level of the oscilloscope, and to display a monitor signal of the image enhancement detector 6, the grating spectrometer 6 and the image enhancement detector 7 thereof are configured to capture a rod-plate gap discharge emission spectrum, and the notebook computer 8 is configured to set parameters of the grating spectrometer 6 and the image enhancement detector 7 thereof, and to display a capture result of the rod-plate air gap discharge emission spectrum. In order to obtain the space-time distribution of the air gap discharge emission spectrum in a pulse voltage period, discharge is repeatedly performed by fixing the amplitude of the impulse voltage, the grating spectrometer 6 shoots a group of emission spectra every 50ns, and the gain multiples of the image enhancement detector 7 at different discharge stages are different.
as shown in fig. 1, on the basis of the above hardware structure, a method for observing the space-time distribution of the air gap discharge emission spectrum includes the following steps:
S1, testing and determining 50% breakdown discharge voltage U50% of the 1m rod-plate air gap under standard lightning impulse discharge;
s2, applying standard lightning impulse voltage at two ends of the 1m rod-plate air gap, wherein the waveform is 1.2/50 mus, the amplitude of the applied impulse voltage is kU 50%, and the value of k is 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 or 1.6;
and S3, for each value of k, keeping the gain multiple of an image enhancement detector of the grating spectrometer as 1 and the exposure time as 3ns, sending a trigger signal to the image enhancement detector by the oscilloscope when the trigger level is reached, taking the time interval from the moment when the image enhancement detector receives the trigger signal to the moment when the exposure is started as the trigger time delay, and keeping the trigger level value of the oscilloscope unchanged in the whole test process. The surge voltage amplitude is fixed, and the discharge is repeated. And setting a proper trigger time delay, and shooting a complete and clear 1m rod-plate air gap discharge channel image by using an image shooting mode of a grating spectrometer.
the proper trigger time delay specifically means that a discharge channel can be tapped.
and keeping the trigger time delay unchanged according to the position of the discharge channel in the image, repeatedly discharging and shooting the image, and continuously adjusting the position of the grating spectrometer and the shooting focal length to finally enable the breakdown discharge channel of the 1m rod-plate air gap to be positioned at the midpoint of the image. Continuously keeping the trigger time delay unchanged, repeatedly carrying out discharging and image shooting, and continuously reducing the width of the slit of the grating spectrometer, so that the width of the slit is as small as possible on the basis of ensuring that a 1m rod-plate air gap breakdown discharging channel can be shot;
s4, continuously using the trigger time delay value set in the step S3, repeatedly performing a 1m rod-plate air gap discharge test by setting the central wavelengths of a plurality of grating spectrometers, shooting a 0-1000 nm 1m rod-plate air gap discharge channel full-waveband emission spectrogram, and selecting and recording the central wavelength value corresponding to a spectral line with an obvious peak;
S5, setting the trigger delay value as the minimum value allowed by the grating spectrometer, and setting the central wavelength shot by the grating spectrometer, so that the grating spectrometer shoots a group of 1m rod-plate air gap discharge emission spectrograms corresponding to the central wavelength value selected in the step S4 every 50ns in one period of pulse voltage from the wave head of the pulse voltage, and obtaining the space-time distribution of the 1m rod-plate air gap discharge emission spectrograms under the condition of no gain;
S6, regarding the space-time distribution of the 1m rod-plate air gap discharge emission spectrum obtained in the step S5 under the condition of no gain, the emission spectrum with enough intensity cannot be obtained due to too weak light intensity in the early corona initiation and streamer development stages; and aiming at the emission spectrogram with insufficient intensity, increasing the gain multiple of an image enhancement detector of the grating spectrometer to 10 according to the amplitude of the voltage applied in the steps S3-S5, and shooting the 1m rod-plate air gap discharge emission spectrum again by using the grating spectrometer at the same time in one period of the pulse voltage. If the intensity of the obtained emission spectrogram is enough, replacing the emission spectrogram with the insufficient intensity;
if the intensity of the emission spectrogram in the image is still insufficient, the gain multiple of the image enhancement detector is continuously increased by ten times, and the 1m rod-plate air gap discharge emission spectrum is shot again at the same moment in one pulse voltage period until the emission spectrum with sufficient intensity appears or the gain multiple of the image enhancement detector reaches the upper limit.
s7, selecting the emission spectrogram with enough existing intensity obtained in the step S5 and the emission spectrum with enough intensity obtained in the step S6 through gain shooting, sequencing according to the time and the position of the emission spectrum in one period of pulse voltage, and finally obtaining the space-time distribution of the 1m rod-plate air gap discharge emission spectrum under the standard lightning impulse;
And S8, correcting the spatial and temporal distribution of the emission spectrum of the 1m rod-plate air gap discharge under the standard lightning impulse obtained in the step S7. And testing and counting the transmission time delay between the oscilloscope and the grating spectrometer and the time delay of the impulse voltage generator signal transmitted to the oscilloscope. When waveform data is processed, the time axis of the impulse voltage waveform subtracts the time delay value of the impulse voltage generator signal transmitted to the oscilloscope, and the image enhancement detector feeds back the time axis of the monitoring signal fed back to the oscilloscope to subtract the transmission time delay value between the oscilloscope and the grating spectrometer, so that the actual time position of each group of discharge emission spectrograms in the impulse voltage period can be determined, and more accurate and higher-resolution 1m rod-plate air gap discharge emission spectrograms space-time distribution under standard lightning impulse is obtained.
the above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for observing the space-time distribution of an air gap discharge emission spectrum is characterized by comprising the following steps:
S1, measuring the 50% breakdown discharge voltage U50% of air gap discharge under standard lightning impulse;
s2, applying standard lightning impulse voltage at two ends of the air gap, wherein the amplitude of the applied voltage is kU 50%;
S3, repeatedly discharging for a fixed impulse voltage amplitude, setting a trigger time delay, shooting a complete and clear air gap discharge channel image by using a grating spectrometer, and then adjusting the position and the shooting focal length of the grating spectrometer according to the position of the discharge channel in the image to enable the air gap discharge channel to be positioned at the center of the image and enable the slit width of the grating spectrometer to be as small as possible;
S4, shooting a 0-1000 nm full-waveband emission spectrogram of an air gap discharge channel, and selecting and recording a central wavelength value corresponding to a spectral line with an obvious peak;
S5, setting the triggering time delay to be the minimum value in a voltage pulse period, setting the central wavelength and the shooting interval of the shooting of the grating spectrometer, and obtaining the air gap discharge emission spectrogram corresponding to the central wavelength value selected in the step S4 from the wave head of the voltage pulse to obtain the space-time distribution under the condition of no gain;
s6, if the intensity of the obtained air gap discharge emission spectrogram is insufficient, the gain multiple of the image enhancement detector of the grating spectrometer is increased in a stepping mode until the emission spectrum with sufficient intensity is shot or the gain multiple of the image enhancement detector reaches the upper limit, and then the step S7 is carried out;
If the intensity of the obtained air gap discharge emission spectrogram is enough, directly entering S7;
s7, sequencing emission spectrograms with sufficient intensity according to the positions of pulse voltages at moments in a period to obtain the space-time distribution of an air gap discharge emission spectrum under standard lightning impulse;
and S8, correcting the transmission delay of the space-time distribution of the air gap discharge emission spectrum under the standard lightning impulse obtained in S7 to obtain the space-time distribution of the air gap discharge emission spectrum under the standard lightning impulse.
2. the observation method according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the exposure time for each shot of the air gap discharge emission spectrum is set to 3ns, and the gain factor of the image intensifier detector is 1.
3. the observation method of claim 1, wherein in S3, the oscilloscope sends the trigger signal to the image enhancement detector at the moment when the trigger level is reached, and the time interval between the moment when the image enhancement detector receives the trigger signal and the moment when the exposure is started is the trigger delay.
4. The observation method according to claim 1, wherein the shooting interval in S5 is set to 50 ns.
5. The observation method of claim 1, wherein in the step S8, the transmission delay comprises a transmission time delay between the oscilloscope and the grating spectrometer, a transmission time delay of the impulse voltage generator signal to the oscilloscope, and a penalty time delay set by an image enhancement detector of the grating spectrometer.
6. observation method according to claim 1, wherein k has a value of 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 or 1.6.
7. the observation method according to claim 1, wherein the waveform of the standard lightning surge voltage in S2 is 1.2/50 μ S.
8. The observation method according to claim 1, wherein the transmission delay is corrected by using the space-time distribution of the emission spectrum of the air gap discharge under the standard lightning impulse obtained in step S7, specifically:
when waveform data processing is carried out, the time axis of the impulse voltage waveform subtracts the time delay value of the impulse voltage generator signal transmitted to the oscilloscope, the image enhancement detector feeds back the time axis of the monitoring signal of the oscilloscope minus the transmission time delay value between the oscilloscope and the grating spectrometer, the actual time position of each group of discharge emission spectrograms in the pulse voltage period can be determined, and the discharge emission spectrograms space-time distribution under the standard lightning impulse is obtained.
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