CN110542522A - dynamic test method for stress relaxation of torsion spring - Google Patents
dynamic test method for stress relaxation of torsion spring Download PDFInfo
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- CN110542522A CN110542522A CN201810533327.3A CN201810533327A CN110542522A CN 110542522 A CN110542522 A CN 110542522A CN 201810533327 A CN201810533327 A CN 201810533327A CN 110542522 A CN110542522 A CN 110542522A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0041—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of torsional spring stress testing, in particular to a dynamic testing method for torsional spring stress relaxation. A computer program is adopted to control a cyclic load loading mode of the torsion testing machine, the actual use working condition of the torsion spring is simulated, and each cycle comprises a plurality of micro-motion cycles; according to the working condition of use, the torsion angle of the upper limit and the lower limit comprises any angle in the range of the upper limit and the lower limit and in the loading and/or unloading process, micro-motion circulation of the times and amplitude required by loading is carried out, the torsion value of the torsion spring is measured after full circulation of a plurality of times, and is compared with the initial torsion value before the test, and the stress relaxation behavior of the torsion spring is determined. The testing method can accurately reflect the stress relaxation condition of the torsion spring in actual use, accurately predict the service life of the torsion spring and has practical significance.
Description
Technical Field
the invention relates to the field of torsional spring stress testing, in particular to a dynamic testing method for torsional spring stress relaxation.
background
in the case of springs or other elastic elements, the load-bearing capacity of the springs or other elastic elements decreases with the increase of the load-bearing time, which is called stress relaxation or elastic recession, and is a common failure mode of the springs and elastic elements in service. Therefore, testing and predicting the stress relaxation behavior of springs is an important means to study the service life of springs. Although the stress relaxation rule and the influence factors thereof are studied in 1868 as early as, a unified theory on the stress relaxation mechanism, the occurrence condition and the like is not established so far, and a universal stress relaxation test method is unavailable. China issued a metal stress relaxation test method (GB10120-88) in 1988, but the standard regulation is only made for metal materials such as structural members and bars, and the use standard of spring products is not provided.
For spring products, the stress relaxation test method can be divided into static test and dynamic test, the former is more applied because of the simple device, but the assessment of the stress relaxation of various elastic elements or components working under complex stress state is still not universal, and the stress relaxation test method can not reflect the actual use condition of the spring products. The dynamic test method is a more practical test method, and because the experiment is required under the cyclic load (i.e. reciprocating motion within the range of the maximum load and the minimum load of the spring), the experimental device is complex, time-consuming and troublesome and is rarely adopted by people.
disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dynamic testing method for stress relaxation of a torsion spring, which adopts a cyclic load loading mode, simulates the actual use working condition of the torsion spring and comprises a plurality of micro-motion cycles, and solves the problem of larger deviation of the existing torsion spring stress testing method.
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a dynamic test method for stress relaxation of a torsion spring adopts a computer program to control a cyclic load loading mode of a torsion tester, simulates the actual use working condition of the torsion spring, and one cycle of circulation comprises micro-motion circulation simulating the actual working condition; according to the working condition, the torsion angle of the upper limit and the lower limit comprises any angle in the range of the upper limit and the lower limit in the loading and/or unloading process, the micro-motion cycle of the required times and amplitude of loading is compared with the initial torque value before the test, and the stress relaxation behavior is determined.
According to the dynamic testing method for the stress relaxation of the torsion spring, after each working cycle of the torsion spring, the torsion value of the torsion spring is controlled and measured by a computer program and is compared with the initial torsion value before the test, and if the torsion value is reduced by more than x% of the lowest tolerance value of the torsion value, the test is finished; and if the torque value is reduced to be less than the lowest tolerance value x% of the torque value, continuing the test until the specified working cycle is reached, and finishing the test.
The dynamic testing method for the stress relaxation of the torsion spring comprises the following specific steps of:
(1) Preparing a torsion spring sample, and mounting the torsion spring on a clamp;
(2) determining the total cycle number N, the minimum torsion angle alpha and the maximum torsion angle beta of a loading angle, a jogging angle theta, an amplitude delta theta, the vibration number N and the lowest tolerance value x% of a torque value according to the actual use working condition;
(3) Twisting the torsion spring to a minimum twisting angle according to the actual use working condition;
(4) twisting the torsion spring to a micro-motion angle according to the actual use condition;
(5) According to the actual use condition, performing n micro-motion cycles with amplitude delta theta near the micro-motion angle;
(6) According to the actual use working condition, if more than two micro-motion cycles exist, repeating the steps 4-5;
(7) Loading the torsion spring to the maximum torsion angle according to the actual use working condition, measuring a torque value, comparing the torque value with an initial torque value before the test, and finishing the test if the torque value is reduced by more than x% of the lowest tolerance value of the torque value; if the torque value is reduced to be less than the lowest tolerance value x% of the torque value, continuing the test;
(8) And (5) repeating the steps 3-7 until the cycle number reaches the total cycle number N, and ending the test.
the dynamic test method for the stress relaxation of the torsion spring comprises the following steps of:
The clamp consists of a chuck A, a chuck B and a core rod, the outer side end of the chuck A is connected with the driven chuck end of the torsion testing machine, and the size and the shape of the outer side end of the chuck A are determined by the size and the shape of the driven chuck end of the torsion testing machine; the size and the shape of the inner side end of the chuck A are determined by the size and the shape of the end part of the torsion spring; the outer side end of the chuck B is connected with the active chuck end of the torsion testing machine, and the size and the shape of the outer side end of the chuck B are determined by the active chuck end of the torsion testing machine; the size and the shape of the inner side end of the chuck B are determined by the size and the shape of the end part of the torsion spring; two ends of the core rod are respectively connected with the chuck A and the chuck B, and the torsion spring is sleeved on the core rod and is respectively connected with the inner sides of the chuck A and the chuck B.
the dynamic testing method for the stress relaxation of the torsion spring has the advantages that the total cycle number N is more than or equal to 10, the minimum torsion angle alpha of a loading angle is 1-36000 degrees, the maximum torsion angle beta of the loading angle is 1-36000 degrees, the inching angle theta is not less than alpha and not more than theta, the amplitude delta theta is not more than 0.4 (beta-alpha), the vibration number N is more than or equal to 2, and the torque value minimum tolerance value x% is not more than 50%.
According to the dynamic testing method for the stress relaxation of the torsion spring, the material and the shape of the torsion spring are not limited.
According to the dynamic testing method for the stress relaxation of the torsion spring, the size of a torsion spring sample and the size of a clamp are adjusted according to needs and are not limited to each other.
The dynamic testing method for the stress relaxation of the torsion spring can measure and record the torque value corresponding to the torsion angle in real time and can reflect the stress relaxation condition of the torsion spring in real time when the torsion spring is used.
the design idea of the invention is as follows:
torsion springs (torsion springs) are one of the commonly used types of springs used in various mechanisms to withstand torsional moments. The torsion spring is widely used for various products such as aircraft warships, mobile phone cameras and the like. In practical use, the torsion spring is used in a reciprocating motion between a minimum torsion angle and a maximum torsion angle, and in a cyclic reciprocating motion, a small vibration at some or a specific torsion angle between the minimum torsion angle and the maximum torsion angle during loading and/or unloading is often included. Therefore, in order to test the stress relaxation behavior of the torsion spring under the actual use condition and accurately predict the service life of the torsion spring, the invention provides the dynamic stress relaxation test method of the torsion spring, which can simulate the actual use condition of the torsion spring. During the test, the torsion spring not only makes a periodic back and forth rotation between the minimum torsion angle and the maximum torsion angle, but also includes a slight vibration behavior at some or a certain torsion angle during loading and/or unloading.
The torsion spring is installed on the torsion testing machine through the special installation clamp, the special installation clamp is designed and manufactured in a matching mode according to the shape and the size of the end portion of the torsion spring, and the testing method can simulate the stress relaxation behavior of the torsion spring with any size and shape under the actual use working condition. In the testing process, a computer program is adopted to control the torsion testing machine to carry out cyclic load loading, and test parameters including loading cycle, minimum torsion angle, maximum torsion angle, micro-motion angle, amplitude and vibration frequency of the micro-motion angle, the lowest tolerance value of torsion spring torque value and the like of the full cyclic load are determined according to the actual use working condition of the torsion spring.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the cyclic load loading of the invention comprises a plurality of micro-motion cycles, and the function and the effect are as follows: the method simulates the actual working condition of the torsion spring, performs periodic back-and-forth rotation between the minimum torsion angle and the maximum torsion angle, and also comprises a plurality of times of small-angle vibration behaviors at some or a certain torsion angle in the loading and/or unloading process.
2. the invention can accurately measure and record the torque value corresponding to the torsion angle in real time.
3. The test method can accurately reflect the stress relaxation condition of the torsion spring with any size and shape in practical use, and accurately predict the service life of the torsion spring.
drawings
Fig. 1 is a graph of the duty cycle for each cycle. In the figure, the abscissa N represents Cycle number (Cycle), and the ordinate Torsion angle represents Torsion angle (. degree.).
FIG. 2 is a 188 DEG torque value curve for cycles 1 to 20000. In the figure, the abscissa N represents the Cycle number (Cycle), and the ordinate Torque represents the torsion spring Torque (Nm).
Fig. 3 is a duty cycle curve for each cycle.
FIG. 4 is a 142 DEG torque value curve for cycles 1-15000.
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the torsion spring clamp. In the figure, 1, a clamp A, 2, a clamp B, 3 and a core rod.
Detailed Description
In the specific implementation process, the dynamic testing method for the stress relaxation of the torsion spring adopts a computer program to control the cyclic load loading mode of the torsion testing machine and simulate the actual use working condition of the torsion spring. A cycle of one week comprises a plurality of micro-motion cycles simulating actual working conditions, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
1. The torsion spring sample is prepared, a special mounting clamp is shown in figure 5, and the clamp comprises the following components and structures:
the clamp comprises three parts, namely a clamp A1, a clamp B2 and a core bar 3, wherein the outer side end of the clamp A1 is connected with the driven clamp end of the torsion testing machine, and the size and the shape of the outer side end of the clamp A1 are determined by the size and the shape of the driven clamp end of the torsion testing machine. The inboard end of clip a1 is connected to the end of the torsion spring and the size and shape of the inboard end of clip a1 is determined by the size and shape of the end of the torsion spring. The outer end of the collet B2 is connected with the active collet end of the torsion testing machine, and the size and the shape of the outer end of the collet B2 are determined by the active collet end of the torsion testing machine. The inboard end of clip B2 is connected to the end of the torsion spring and the size and shape of the inboard end of clip B2 is determined by the size and shape of the end of the torsion spring. Two ends of the core bar 3 are respectively connected with a clamping head A1 and a clamping head B2, a torsion spring is sleeved on the core bar 3 and is respectively connected with the inner sides of the clamping head A1 and the clamping head B2, and the height of the core bar 3 is determined by the working height of the torsion spring.
The special mounting fixture of the invention has the following functions and effects:
The inner side end of the chuck A1 is connected with the end of the torsion spring, the end of the torsion spring is fixed in the chuck A1, and after the assembly gap is eliminated, the synchronous rotation of the end of the torsion spring and the chuck A1 can be realized. The outer side end of the chuck A1 is connected with the driven chuck end of the torsion testing machine, the outer side end of the chuck A1 is fixed inside the driven chuck end of the torsion testing machine, and after an assembly gap is eliminated, synchronous rotation of the chuck A1 and the driven chuck of the torsion testing machine can be achieved, namely synchronous rotation of the end portion of the torsion spring and the driven chuck of the torsion testing machine is achieved. The inner side end of the chuck B2 is connected with the end of the torsion spring, the end of the torsion spring is fixed in the chuck B2, and after the assembly gap is eliminated, the synchronous rotation of the end of the torsion spring and the chuck B2 can be realized. The outer side end of the collet B2 is connected with the active collet end of the torsion testing machine, the outer side end of the collet B2 is fixed inside the active collet end of the torsion testing machine, and after an assembly gap is eliminated, synchronous rotation of the collet B2 and the active collet of the torsion testing machine can be realized, namely synchronous rotation of the end part of the torsion spring and the active collet of the torsion testing machine is realized. The torsion spring is sleeved on the core rod 3 and is simultaneously arranged at the inner side ends of the chuck A1 and the chuck B2, so that the installation height of the torsion spring is the working height of the torsion spring. Core rod 3 is connected at both ends to collet a1 and collet B2, respectively, to ensure the concentricity of collet a1 and collet B2. The special mounting fixture can realize synchronous rotation of the torsion spring and the torsion testing machine and ensure the coaxiality of the torsion spring and the torsion testing machine.
2. Determining the total cycle number N, the minimum torsion angle alpha and the maximum torsion angle beta of a loading angle, a jogging angle theta, an amplitude delta theta, the vibration number N and the lowest tolerance value x% of a torque value according to the actual use working condition; wherein, the total cycle number N is more than or equal to 10, the minimum torsion angle alpha of the loading angle is 1-36000 degrees, the maximum torsion angle beta of the loading angle is 1-36000 degrees, the inching angle theta is more than or equal to alpha and less than or equal to theta, the amplitude delta theta is less than or equal to 0.4 (beta-alpha), the vibration frequency N is more than or equal to 2, and the torque value minimum tolerance value x% is less than or equal to 50%;
3. Twisting the torsion spring to a minimum twisting angle according to the actual use working condition;
4. twisting the torsion spring to a micro-motion angle according to the actual use condition;
5. according to the actual working condition, making n micro-motion cycles with amplitude delta theta near the micro-motion angle, wherein the specific meaning of the micro-motion cycles is as follows: simulating the vibration behavior of the angle delta theta for n times near a certain/certain specific angle theta under the actual use working condition of the torsion spring;
6. According to the actual use working condition, if a plurality of micro-motion cycles exist, repeating the steps 4-5;
7. loading the torsion spring to the maximum torsion angle according to the actual use working condition, measuring a torque value, comparing the torque value with an initial torque value before the test, and finishing the test if the torque value is reduced by more than x%; if the torque value is reduced by less than x%, continuing the test;
8. And (5) repeating the steps 3-7 until the cycle number reaches the total cycle number N, and ending the test.
The above-described embodiments are further described below with reference to specific examples. It should be noted that these examples are only for illustrating the present invention and are not limited to the scope of the present invention. All research schemes (with equivalent changes and improvements) based on the invention shall fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Example 1:
In this embodiment, the actual operating condition parameters of the torsion spring are shown in table 1 below, the torsion spring completes the work cycle stress relaxation test for 20000 times, the work cycle curve of each cycle is shown in fig. 1, and it can be seen from table 1 and fig. 1 that the actual operating condition of the torsion spring is: the torsion spring is firstly loaded to the minimum torsion angle 97 ° → vibrated in the vicinity of (97 ° ± 15 °) 7 times, finally stopped at 97 ° → torsion spring to be continuously loaded to 143 °, and is vibrated 5 times by (143 ± 10) ° finally stopped at the micro-motion angle 143 ° → continuously loaded to the maximum torsion angle 188 ° → unloaded to the minimum torsion angle 97 °. After each working cycle of the torsion spring, measuring the torque value of the maximum torsion angle 188 degrees of the torsion spring, comparing the torque value with the initial torque value before the test, and if the torque value is reduced by more than 5%, finishing the test; if the torque value decreases by less than 5%, the test is continued until 20000 cycles of operation have been completed and the test is ended.
TABLE 1 torsional spring practical operating condition parameters
the working cycles are 1-20000, the 188-degree torque value curve in each cycle is shown in fig. 2, the torque test results before and after the stress relaxation test of the torsion spring are shown in table 2, and as can be seen from fig. 2 and table 2, the torque value of the torsion spring changes by + 0.1% after the working cycles of 20000 cycles, which indicates that the torsion spring has no stress relaxation after the full cycle test of 20000 cycles, and meets the requirement that the lowest tolerance of the torque value is less than 5%, and the torsion spring has no failure.
TABLE 2 examination results of the torque before and after the stress relaxation test of the torsion spring
example 2:
In this embodiment, the actual operating condition parameters of the torsion spring are shown in table 3 below, the torsion spring completes the 15000-time work cycle stress relaxation test, the work cycle curve of each cycle is shown in fig. 3, and as can be seen from table 3 and fig. 3, the actual operating condition of the torsion spring is as follows: the torsion spring is firstly loaded to the minimum torsion angle 82 ° → continuously loaded to the micro-motion angle 107 ° → vibrating in the vicinity of (107 ° ± 10 °) 14 times, and finally stops at the micro-motion angle 107 ° → continuously loaded to the maximum torsion angle 142 ° → unloading to the minimum torsion angle 82 °. After each working cycle of the torsion spring, measuring the torque value of the maximum torsion angle of 142 degrees of the torsion spring, comparing the torque value with the initial torque value before the test, and if the torque value is reduced by more than 10%, finishing the test; if the torque value is reduced by less than 10 percent, the test is continued until the 15000 work cycles are completed, and the test is finished.
TABLE 3 torsional spring practical operating condition parameters
the 142-degree torque value curve of each cycle of 1-15000 times is shown in figure 4, the torque test results before and after the stress relaxation test of the torsion spring are shown in table 4, and as can be seen from figure 4 and table 4, the torque value of the torsion spring changes by + 0.4% after the 15000-cycle working cycle, which indicates that the torsion spring does not have stress relaxation after the 15000-cycle full cycle test, and meets the requirement that the lowest tolerance of the torque value is less than 10%, and the torsion spring does not fail.
TABLE 4 examination results of the torques before and after the stress relaxation test of the torsion springs
the embodiment result shows that the invention adopts a computer program to control the cyclic load loading mode of the torsion testing machine, the practical use working condition of the torsion spring is simulated, each cycle comprises a plurality of micro-motion cycles, the torsion spring is subjected to full cycle for a plurality of cycles, the torque value is measured and compared with the initial torque value before the test, and the stress relaxation behavior of the torsion spring is determined. The testing method can accurately reflect the stress relaxation condition of the torsion spring in actual use, accurately predict the service life of the torsion spring and has practical significance.
Claims (8)
1. A dynamic test method for stress relaxation of a torsion spring is characterized in that a computer program is adopted to control a cyclic load loading mode of a torsion tester, the actual use working condition of the torsion spring is simulated, and one cycle of cycle comprises micro-motion cycle simulating the actual working condition; according to the working condition, the torsion angle of the upper limit and the lower limit comprises any angle in the range of the upper limit and the lower limit in the loading and/or unloading process, the micro-motion cycle of the required times and amplitude of loading is compared with the initial torque value before the test, and the stress relaxation behavior is determined.
2. The dynamic testing method for stress relaxation of torsion springs according to claim 1, wherein the torsion value of the torsion spring is measured by the control of a computer program after each working cycle and is compared with the initial torsion value before the test, and if the torsion value is reduced by more than x% of the lowest tolerance value of the torsion value, the test is finished; and if the torque value is reduced to be less than the lowest tolerance value x% of the torque value, continuing the test until the specified working cycle is reached, and finishing the test.
3. The dynamic test method for stress relaxation of torsion spring according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) preparing a torsion spring sample, and mounting the torsion spring on a clamp;
(2) Determining the total cycle number N, the minimum torsion angle alpha and the maximum torsion angle beta of a loading angle, a jogging angle theta, an amplitude delta theta, the vibration number N and the lowest tolerance value x% of a torque value according to the actual use working condition;
(3) twisting the torsion spring to a minimum twisting angle according to the actual use working condition;
(4) Twisting the torsion spring to a micro-motion angle according to the actual use condition;
(5) According to the actual use condition, performing n micro-motion cycles with amplitude delta theta near the micro-motion angle;
(6) According to the actual use working condition, if more than two micro-motion cycles exist, repeating the steps 4-5;
(7) loading the torsion spring to the maximum torsion angle according to the actual use working condition, measuring a torque value, comparing the torque value with an initial torque value before the test, and finishing the test if the torque value is reduced by more than x% of the lowest tolerance value of the torque value; if the torque value is reduced to be less than the lowest tolerance value x% of the torque value, continuing the test;
(8) and (5) repeating the steps 3-7 until the cycle number reaches the total cycle number N, and ending the test.
4. The dynamic test method for stress relaxation of torsion spring according to claim 3, wherein the composition and structure of the jig are as follows:
The clamp consists of a chuck A, a chuck B and a core rod, the outer side end of the chuck A is connected with the driven chuck end of the torsion testing machine, and the size and the shape of the outer side end of the chuck A are determined by the size and the shape of the driven chuck end of the torsion testing machine; the size and the shape of the inner side end of the chuck A are determined by the size and the shape of the end part of the torsion spring; the outer side end of the chuck B is connected with the active chuck end of the torsion testing machine, and the size and the shape of the outer side end of the chuck B are determined by the active chuck end of the torsion testing machine; the size and the shape of the inner side end of the chuck B are determined by the size and the shape of the end part of the torsion spring; two ends of the core rod are respectively connected with the chuck A and the chuck B, and the torsion spring is sleeved on the core rod and is respectively connected with the inner sides of the chuck A and the chuck B.
5. The dynamic test method for stress relaxation of torsion spring according to claim 3, wherein the total cycle number N is not less than 10, the minimum torsion angle α of the loading angle is 1-36000 °, the maximum torsion angle β of the loading angle is 1-36000 °, the inching angle θ is α ≦ θ ≦ β, the amplitude Δ θ is ≦ 0.4(β - α), the number of vibrations N is not less than 2, and the torque value minimum tolerance x% is not more than 50%.
6. the dynamic test method of torsion spring stress relaxation according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the torsion spring material and shape are not limited.
7. The dynamic test method for stress relaxation of torsion springs according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the sample size of the torsion spring and the size of the clamp are adjusted as required without being restricted.
8. the dynamic test method for stress relaxation of torsion springs according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the torque value corresponding to the torsion angle can be measured and recorded in real time, and the stress relaxation condition of the torsion springs during use can be reflected in real time.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112504588A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-03-16 | 广电计量检测（天津）有限公司 | Torsional spring stress relaxation acceleration test device |
| CN114046919A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-02-15 | 内蒙古第一机械集团股份有限公司 | Method for measuring relation between torsion angle and torque of rectangular-section torsion spring |
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| CN114046919A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-02-15 | 内蒙古第一机械集团股份有限公司 | Method for measuring relation between torsion angle and torque of rectangular-section torsion spring |
| CN114046919B (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2024-04-16 | 内蒙古第一机械集团股份有限公司 | Method for measuring torsion angle and torque relation of rectangular-section torsion spring |
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