CN110542177A - Variable frequency air conditioner aggregation control method facing demand response - Google Patents
Variable frequency air conditioner aggregation control method facing demand response Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
- F24F11/46—Improving electric energy efficiency or saving
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
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Abstract
the invention discloses a demand response-oriented variable frequency air conditioner aggregation control method, which comprises the following steps: establishing an electrical parameter model of the variable frequency air conditioner; establishing a thermal parameter model of the variable frequency air conditioner; establishing a virtual energy storage model of the variable frequency air conditioner; proposing to have a temperature maintenance strategy; proposing a control strategy of VSOC priority; a linear recovery strategy is proposed. The invention provides a variable frequency air conditioner load virtual energy storage model which is more beneficial to practical application and a corresponding variable frequency air conditioner control strategy, so that the power of the variable frequency air conditioner load virtual energy storage model is reduced to the power when the temperature is kept unchanged, and the purpose of meeting the power shortage as far as possible under the condition of ensuring the comfort degree is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
the invention relates to the field of air conditioner load demand response, mainly comprising the fields of relieving supply and demand tension situation, enhancing the tidal current fluctuation capability of a system, improving the system operation efficiency, promoting energy conservation and emission reduction and the like, and in particular relates to a demand response-oriented variable frequency air conditioner aggregation control method.
Background
Global consensus on prevention of global warming and promotion of sustainable development, the prevalence of renewable energy power generation in power systems is rapidly increasing. The intermittency and randomness of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar makes it more difficult and expensive for power systems to maintain supply and demand balance. The relative share of the traditional generators (such as thermal power generating units and hydroelectric generating units) is reduced, the flexibility of the power supply side of a power system is reduced, and the situation becomes more severe.
Under the background, the flexibility of the demand side of the power system is more and more important, the demand response technology is one of the core technologies of the smart power grid, and it has become common knowledge in the industry to relieve the supply and demand tension situation, enhance the tidal current fluctuation capability of the system, improve the system operation efficiency, and promote energy conservation and emission reduction through demand response. The air conditioner load becomes an important demand response resource under the intelligent power grid by the advantages of high response speed, low cost, high resource utilization rate, large potential and the like. Firstly, the air conditioner and the building environment thereof have certain heat storage capacity, and the living comfort of residents is not influenced when the temperature is regulated within a certain range, so that conditions are created for load adjustment; secondly, the air conditioner load is large, statistics shows that the air conditioner load accounts for 30% -40% of the peak load in summer load peak period of the power grid in China at present, the air conditioner load is on the trend of rising year by year, the number of the air conditioner loads after centralized control is considerable, the potential of participating in peak regulation and frequency modulation of the system is huge, and the air conditioner load can be incorporated into the operation and scheduling of the power system; thirdly, compared with an entity unit, the response time of the air conditioner load is mainly the time for transmitting signals and triggering a control program, and according to the test result of the California automatic demand response demonstration project, the demand response speed of the heating ventilation air conditioner can reach the second level, so that the peak-load frequency modulation requirement of the system can be completely met.
In recent years, the number of inverter air conditioners has been increasing, and has taken a significant share of the total number of inverter air conditioners installed in many regions and countries. With the implementation of energy conservation and emission reduction and the new standard of air conditioner energy efficiency, the future market share of the variable frequency air conditioner is further expanded. At present, the air conditioner operation scheduling technology starts late, and the discussion of the frequency conversion air conditioner participating in power regulation and control is not seen, so that the key technologies of frequency conversion air conditioner load modeling, operation control and effect evaluation are researched, the comprehensive potential in the aspects of improving the energy utilization efficiency, participating in peak clipping and valley filling, enhancing the power supply reliability and the like is fully excavated, and the high-efficiency safe operation of the power system is ensured to have important significance for sustainable utilization of energy in China and development of a green low-carbon society. On the other hand, the air-conditioning load mostly forms a load peak, the huge air-conditioning load brings great negative effects to the safe and economic operation of the power grid, and the load of the small split air-conditioner has the characteristics of randomness, dynamics and the like due to the use habits of users and the like, so that the load fluctuation is aggravated. An Equivalent Thermal Parameter (ETP) model serving as a control theoretical basis is widely applied, but the ETP model only simply equates electric energy to input of constant power, lacks deep analysis on electric energy parameter parts, and cannot feed back the influence of air conditioner load state change on a power grid. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the characteristics of the air conditioning load and implement a reasonable scheduling control means, so as to improve the load characteristics, fully exploit the demand response potential, make it really become a grid-friendly load, and improve the operating efficiency of the power system. In conclusion, the research on the modeling of the air conditioning load and the operation control strategy thereof has important significance on the production operation of the current power industry.
the United States Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC) defines State of Charge (SOC) in its handbook of batteries for electric vehicles: the ratio of the residual capacity of the battery to the rated capacity of the battery under the same condition under a certain discharge rate. Following the state of charge definition, a Virtual state of charge (VSOC) is defined as: and the ratio of the residual energy to the rated capacity under the same condition under certain charging and discharging power of the virtual stored energy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a demand response-oriented variable frequency air conditioner aggregation control method, provides a variable frequency air conditioner load virtual energy storage model which is more beneficial to practical application and a corresponding variable frequency air conditioner control strategy, and reduces the power of the variable frequency air conditioner load virtual energy storage model to the power when the temperature is kept unchanged so as to meet the power shortage as far as possible under the condition of ensuring the comfort level.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention relates to a demand response-oriented variable frequency air conditioner aggregation control method, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: establishing electric parameter model of variable frequency air conditioner
The relation between the working frequency of the variable frequency air conditioner and the temperature difference (the difference between the indoor temperature and the set value) is expressed as follows:
the variable frequency air conditioner comprises a variable frequency air conditioner, a temperature sensor and a controller, wherein fmax and fmin respectively represent the maximum working frequency and the minimum working frequency of the variable frequency air conditioner, delta T is the difference between indoor temperature and a set;
The refrigerating rate and the electric power of the inverter air conditioner can be simplified into linear functions of the working frequency,
Q＝a·f+b (2)
P＝c·f+d (3)
Wherein Q and P respectively represent the refrigeration rate and the electric power of the inverter air conditioner, and a, b, c and d are constant coefficients.
The second step is that: establishing thermal parameter model of variable frequency air conditioner
the first-order equivalent thermal parameter model is:
Wherein Tin and Tout respectively represent indoor and outdoor temperatures, t is a time variable, and R represents energy transfer thermal resistance between the inside of a room (box body) and the external environment; c represents the equivalent heat capacity in the room (box);
Dispersing the differential equation (4) to obtain:
T(t+1)＝T(t)-QR-[T(t)-T(t)-QR]·e(5)
In the formula, Δ t is a communication step length;
The third step: establishing virtual energy storage model of variable frequency air conditioner
VSOC of the room model of the variable frequency air conditioner is defined as
wherein, the indoor maximum temperature in the period of load reduction agreed in advance is set as the indoor set temperature;
The fourth step: it is proposed to have a temperature maintenance strategy
Supposing that in the peak load period caused by the simultaneous starting of the variable frequency air conditioners in summer, the power company and the users of the variable frequency air conditioners sign a contract to reduce the load, wherein the amplitude and the duration of the load reduction are agreed in the contract; in addition, the highest indoor temperature during the load shedding period is agreed, and after the contract is signed, the power company centrally controls the variable frequency air conditioner of the user to reduce the load according to some measurement results of the user;
since the indoor temperature remains constant, the target cooling rate should be at a reduced load
the (7) is carried into the (2) to obtain the target working frequency fLR of the variable frequency air conditioner in the load reducing process
In this case, the electric power to be cut by this inverter air conditioner is Δ P ═ c (structural-fLR) + d (9)
Wherein, the practical is the working frequency of the variable frequency air conditioner during no load reduction control, and is calculated by the formula (1);
the fifth step: control strategy for proposing VSOC priority
Wherein J denotes a set of selected controlled inverter air conditioners; j is the set of all variable frequency air conditioners which are contracted with the power company; j represents the jth variable frequency air conditioner; pbaseline represents a reference value for measuring the total power of the inverter air conditioner with reduced load, which is equal to the total power of the inverter air conditioner when the control right has just been transferred to the electric power company; PCtrl and PNonCtrl represent electric power when the inverter air conditioner is controlled and not controlled, respectively; reduction represents the target of load shedding;
And a sixth step: proposing a linear recovery strategy
The load shedding target during the recovery period is expressed as
Wherein, the load reduction target at the time t of the recovery period is τ recovery, and the duration of the recovery period is τ recovery.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The control strategy provided by the invention can be used for carrying out aggregation control on the variable frequency air conditioner in the power grid, and the power shortage of the power grid can be reduced within a certain time period under the condition of ensuring the comfort degree of a user. The invention can provide a cheap, reliable and flexible power and energy scheduling method for the power grid, and has great significance for solving the problem of mismatching of energy supply and demand at the present stage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the operating frequency of an inverter air conditioner and the temperature difference (difference between the indoor temperature and a set value);
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a virtual energy storage model of the inverter air conditioner;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the total power of the inverter air conditioner without load reduction;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the indoor temperature of 100 rooms without load reduction;
FIG. 5 is a schematic power diagram of a single inverter air conditioner without load reduction;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the temperature in a room without load reduction;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the total power of the inverter air conditioner with load reduction;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the indoor temperature of 100 rooms with load shedding;
FIG. 9 is a power diagram of a single inverter air conditioner with load shedding;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the temperature in a room with a load reduction;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the total power of the inverter air conditioner with load shedding but without a recovery strategy.
Detailed Description
the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to a demand response-oriented variable frequency air conditioner aggregation control method, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: establishing electric parameter model of variable frequency air conditioner
the relation between the working frequency of the variable frequency air conditioner and the temperature difference (the difference between the indoor temperature and the set value) is expressed as follows:
As shown in fig. 1, Hz is the operating frequency of the inverter air conditioner, fmax and fmin respectively represent the maximum and minimum operating frequencies of the inverter air conditioner, Δ T is the difference between the indoor temperature and the set value, and u and v respectively represent the temperature difference threshold corresponding to the maximum frequency and the minimum frequency as shown in fig. 1.
The refrigerating rate and the electric power of the inverter air conditioner can be simplified into linear functions of the working frequency,
Q＝a·f+b (2)
P＝c·f+d (3)
wherein Q and P respectively represent the refrigeration rate and the electric power of the inverter air conditioner, and a, b, c and d are constant coefficients.
the second step is that: establishing thermal parameter model of variable frequency air conditioner
In order to increase the practicability of the model, a first-order equivalent thermal parameter model is adopted:
Wherein Tin and Tout respectively represent indoor and outdoor temperatures, t is a time variable, and R represents energy transfer thermal resistance between the inside of a room (box body) and the external environment; c represents the equivalent heat capacity in the room (cabinet).
dispersing the differential equation (4) to obtain:
T(t+1)＝T(t)-QR-[T(t)-T(t)-QR]·e (5)
in the formula, Δ t is a communication step.
The third step: and establishing a virtual energy storage model of the variable frequency air conditioner, as shown in fig. 2.
First, similar to the SOC of the battery, VSOC of the room model of the inverter air conditioner is defined as
the temperature is set to the indoor temperature for the indoor maximum temperature during the load reduction period agreed in advance. The VSOC may display the cooling energy stored in the room.
the fourth step: it is proposed to have a temperature maintenance strategy
assuming that the electric power company contracts with the users of the variable frequency air conditioners to reduce the load during the peak load period caused by the simultaneous starting of the variable frequency air conditioners in summer. The magnitude and duration of the shedding will be agreed upon in the contract. In addition, the maximum indoor temperature during load shedding will also be agreed upon. After the contract is signed, the power company centrally controls the variable frequency air conditioner of the user to reduce the load according to some measurement results of the user.
first, since the indoor temperature remains unchanged, the target cooling rate should be set to be the same when the load is reduced
the (7) is carried into the (2) to obtain the target working frequency fLR of the variable frequency air conditioner in the load reducing process
in this case, the electric power to be cut by this inverter air conditioner is Δ P ═ c (structural-fLR) + d (9)
In the formula, the frequency is the operating frequency of the inverter air conditioner during no load reduction control, and can be calculated by the formula (1).
The fifth step: control strategy for proposing VSOC priority
In order to achieve the aim of reducing the load, one variable frequency air conditioner needs to be selected for temperature maintenance control. The selection of inverter air conditioners to be controlled follows the VSOC priority principle to minimize the impact of load reduction on customer thermal comfort. Specifically, before the load shedding target is met, the inverter air conditioners are selected to be controlled in the descending order of the VSOC thereof. Note that if VSOC is negative, the corresponding inverter air conditioner will not be controlled because negative VSOC means that the indoor temperature has exceeded the maximum limit, requiring further temperature reduction to meet the thermal comfort of the customer.
control based on VSOC prioritization can be expressed as
wherein J denotes a set of selected controlled inverter air conditioners; j is the set of all variable frequency air conditioners which are contracted with the power company; j represents the jth variable frequency air conditioner; pbaseline represents a reference value for measuring the total power of the inverter air conditioner with reduced load, which is equal to the total power of the inverter air conditioner when the control right has just been transferred to the electric power company; PCtrl and PNonCtrl represent electric power when the inverter air conditioner is controlled and not controlled, respectively; the reduction indicates the target of load reduction.
and a sixth step: proposing a linear recovery strategy
Sudden load shedding may cause severe load bounce, causing new load peaks to the power system. Therefore, a linear recovery strategy is proposed to address this problem. Specifically, the load shedding target is designed to be gradually reduced, rather than being set to 0 immediately, in a predetermined recovery period after the load shedding. The load shedding target during the recovery period is expressed as
Wherein, the load reduction target at the time t of the recovery period is τ recovery, and the duration of the recovery period is τ recovery.
Example (b):
the best mode of the invention is explained by combining with a simulation example for controlling 100 variable frequency air conditioners.
assuming that the required load reduction is 30KW, the load reduction period is 1h, starting from 20min and ending at 80 min. Before the load reduction starts, 100 variable frequency air conditioners are supposed to be turned on in batches in a short time (within 20 min), so that a peak value is generated and a load reduction instruction is triggered. After the unloading period, a 40 minute recovery period was considered. The parameter settings of the inverter air conditioner and the related rooms are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 variable frequency air conditioner and related Room parameters
The invention researches 4 cases, and the setting parameters are shown in table 1.
Case 1: under the condition of not triggering the load reduction instruction, the power consumption of the variable frequency air conditioner and the change of the indoor temperature are obtained through simulation, so that the variable frequency air conditioner and the room model used in the invention are tested and used as reference cases.
Case 2: to verify its effectiveness, a case of the load shedding strategy of the present invention was implemented.
Case 3: the case of implementing the inventive load shedding policy without executing any recovery policy to verify the effectiveness of the linear recovery policy proposed by the present invention.
Case 4: the case of the load shedding strategy of the present invention is implemented using a random order controlled variable frequency air conditioner instead of the descending order of the VSOC to verify the advantages of the proposed VSOC-based priority control strategy method. In this case, the sensitivity of the load reduction target size was also checked.
In case 1, the inverter air conditioner is turned on in batch under the condition that the load reduction instruction is not triggered within 20min, and the simulation results are shown in fig. 3-6.
In case 2, the inverter air conditioner is turned on in batch under the condition that a load reduction command is triggered within 20min, and simulation results are shown in fig. 7-10.
In case 3, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed linear recovery strategy, load reduction was performed without any recovery strategy. The simulation result is shown in fig. 11.
Case 4 compares the performance of the VSOC-based optimal control strategy proposed by the present invention with the random sequential control strategy. Other settings of the reference method, such as temperature maintenance and linear recovery strategies, are the same as the subject load shedding strategy. The results of the comparison are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 parameter comparison of VSOC priority control strategy to stochastic sequence control strategy
Simulation results prove that the model established by the invention and the load reduction control method can realize targeted load reduction under the condition of not violating the limit of the indoor maximum temperature. Meanwhile, the proposed linear recovery strategy is verified to be capable of effectively reducing load rebound after load reduction.
while the present invention has been described in terms of its functions and operations with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise functions and operations described above, and that the above-described embodiments are illustrative rather than restrictive, and that various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. A demand response-oriented variable frequency air conditioner aggregation control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
The first step is as follows: establishing electric parameter model of variable frequency air conditioner
the relation between the working frequency of the variable frequency air conditioner and the temperature difference (the difference between the indoor temperature and the set value) is expressed as follows:
The variable frequency air conditioner comprises a variable frequency air conditioner, a temperature sensor and a controller, wherein fmax and fmin respectively represent the maximum working frequency and the minimum working frequency of the variable frequency air conditioner, delta T is the difference between indoor temperature and a set;
The refrigerating rate and the electric power of the inverter air conditioner can be simplified into linear functions of the working frequency,
Q＝a·f+b (2)
P＝c·f+d (3)
Wherein Q and P respectively represent the refrigeration rate and the electric power of the inverter air conditioner, and a, b, c and d are constant coefficients.
The second step is that: establishing thermal parameter model of variable frequency air conditioner
the first-order equivalent thermal parameter model is:
wherein Tin and Tout respectively represent indoor and outdoor temperatures, t is a time variable, and R represents energy transfer thermal resistance between the inside of a room (box body) and the external environment; c represents the equivalent heat capacity in the room (box);
Dispersing the differential equation (4) to obtain:
T(t+1)＝T(t)-QR-[T(t)-T(t)-QR]·e (5)
In the formula, Δ t is a communication step length;
The third step: establishing virtual energy storage model of variable frequency air conditioner
VSOC of the room model of the variable frequency air conditioner is defined as
Wherein, the indoor maximum temperature in the period of load reduction agreed in advance is set as the indoor set temperature;
The fourth step: it is proposed to have a temperature maintenance strategy
Supposing that in the peak load period caused by the simultaneous starting of the variable frequency air conditioners in summer, the power company and the users of the variable frequency air conditioners sign a contract to reduce the load, wherein the amplitude and the duration of the load reduction are agreed in the contract; in addition, the highest indoor temperature during the load shedding period is agreed, and after the contract is signed, the power company centrally controls the variable frequency air conditioner of the user to reduce the load according to some measurement results of the user;
since the indoor temperature remains constant, the target cooling rate should be at a reduced load
The (7) is carried into the (2) to obtain the target working frequency fLR of the variable frequency air conditioner in the load reducing process
at this time, the inverter air conditioner reduces the electric power to
ΔP＝c·(f-f)+d (9)
wherein, the practical is the working frequency of the variable frequency air conditioner during no load reduction control, and is calculated by the formula (1);
The fifth step: control strategy for proposing VSOC priority
Wherein J denotes a set of selected controlled inverter air conditioners; j is the set of all variable frequency air conditioners which are contracted with the power company; j represents the jth variable frequency air conditioner; pbaseline represents a reference value for measuring the total power of the inverter air conditioner with reduced load, which is equal to the total power of the inverter air conditioner when the control right has just been transferred to the electric power company; PCtrl and PNonCtrl represent electric power when the inverter air conditioner is controlled and not controlled, respectively; reduction represents the target of load shedding;
And a sixth step: proposing a linear recovery strategy
the load shedding target during the recovery period is expressed as
Wherein, the load reduction target at the time t of the recovery period is τ recovery, and the duration of the recovery period is τ recovery.
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| CN114744608A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2022-07-12 | 北京国网普瑞特高压输电技术有限公司 | Power demand response aggregation air conditioner load cooperative control method and system |
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| CN114200206B (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2023-02-10 | 嘉兴丹那赫电子科技有限公司 | Frequency converter convenient to monitor and monitoring method thereof |
| CN114200206A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-03-18 | 嘉兴丹那赫电子科技有限公司 | Frequency converter convenient to monitor and monitoring method thereof |
| CN114123250B (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2023-12-22 | 东南大学 | Primary frequency modulation control strategy and frequency recovery method for participation of variable-frequency air conditioner in power system |
| CN114123250A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-03-01 | 东南大学 | Control strategy for frequency conversion air conditioner to participate in primary frequency modulation of power system and frequency recovery method |
| CN114593505A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-06-07 | 海南省电力学校(海南省电力技工学校) | Variable frequency air conditioner load virtual energy storage modeling method based on second-order equivalent thermal parameter model |
| CN114593505B (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2023-08-29 | 海南省电力学校(海南省电力技工学校) | Variable-frequency air conditioner load virtual energy storage modeling method based on second-order equivalent thermal parameter model |
| CN114576751A (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2022-06-03 | 东南大学 | Energy storage modeling method for regional cooling system |
| CN114576751B (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2023-08-25 | 东南大学 | Energy storage modeling method for regional cooling system |
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