CN110539485A - 3D printer with cooling powder spreading device and printing method thereof - Google Patents
3D printer with cooling powder spreading device and printing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110539485A CN110539485A CN201910731646.XA CN201910731646A CN110539485A CN 110539485 A CN110539485 A CN 110539485A CN 201910731646 A CN201910731646 A CN 201910731646A CN 110539485 A CN110539485 A CN 110539485A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 3D printer with a cooling powder spreading device, which comprises a working cylinder body, wherein a powder recycling barrel is arranged on one side of the working cylinder body, a power air source is arranged on one side, away from the working cylinder body, of the powder recycling barrel, a heat insulation cavity is arranged at the top of the working cylinder body, a vibrating mirror is arranged at the top of the heat insulation cavity, a laser is arranged on one side of the vibrating mirror, a storage hopper is arranged on one side of the heat insulation cavity, two groups of rodless cylinders are symmetrically arranged at the front and back of the inner bottom of the heat insulation cavity in a penetrating mode, a powder spreading groove is arranged between the rodless cylinders, a powder bed is arranged at the bottom of the powder spreading groove, a. Has the advantages that: the powder can be spread bidirectionally by one-time powder falling, the powder spreading time is saved, the efficiency of laser printing is improved, and in addition, the rodless cylinder is adopted, so that the powder spreading structure of the whole machine is relatively simple, the precision is high, the work is reliable, and the cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing, in particular to a 3D printer with a cooling powder spreading device and a printing method thereof.
background
3D printing (additive manufacturing) is one of rapid prototyping technologies, and takes a mathematical model file as a basis, uses adhesive materials such as powdered metal or plastic, and adopts heat sources such as laser to manufacture products. The process of 3D printing can be classified into FDM (fused deposition), SLS (selective laser sintering), SLM (selective laser melt molding), and the like.
wherein both SLS and SLM are directed to powder materials using a laser to melt a specific area of powder to directly manufacture a product. The process is similar: the method comprises the steps of utilizing CAD software to build a model for a specific object, then slicing the model through slicing software, transmitting section data of the sliced model to a control system, and controlling a laser with certain power by the control system to process and fuse metal powder or nonmetal powder of a specific layer. After the initial layer is processed and fused, the working platform descends by a distance of one layer thickness, the powder spreading device spreads unprocessed powder with a certain layer thickness, the next layer of powder is processed and fused continuously, the step is repeated until all the specific areas are fused, and a three-dimensional product is obtained.
From the above, the powder spreading device is a key part in the whole system, the reliability of the powder spreading device is related to the continuity of the whole printing process, and the final quality of the printed finished product is determined by the stable powder spreading and high precision. The printing medium is fine powder and is easy to raise dust, and the printing process of most materials needs to be heated to a certain temperature, so that the working condition and environment of the powder spreading device are severe.
the traditional powder spreading device is generally realized by combining a motor and a synchronous belt or combining the motor and a lead screw. General motor, hold-in range, lead screw are all not suitable for the operating mode of high temperature, high dust, and the subassembly technology of high temperature resistant special system is complicated, and is with high costs, and it is also complicated to maintain, so traditional shop's powder device need with motor, hold-in range or lead screw etc. all overall arrangement outside printing heat preservation cavity, need increase more extra part, and the structure is complicated, and is with high costs, and the precision is than relatively poor, influences printing quality.
An effective solution to the problems in the related art has not been proposed yet.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the related art, the invention provides a 3D printer with a cooling powder spreading device and a printing method thereof, so as to overcome the technical problems in the prior related art.
Therefore, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
according to one aspect of the invention, a 3D printer with a cooling powder spreading device is provided, which comprises a working cylinder body, wherein a powder recovery barrel is arranged on one side of the working cylinder body, a power gas source is arranged on one side of the powder recovery barrel away from the working cylinder body, a pneumatic control system matched with the power gas source is arranged on the power gas source, a heat insulation cavity is arranged at the top of the working cylinder body, a vibrating mirror is arranged at the top of the heat insulation cavity, a laser is arranged on one side of the vibrating mirror, a storage hopper is arranged on one side of the heat insulation cavity, an electric control discharge valve is arranged at the bottom of the storage hopper, a heating system is arranged at the inner top of the heat insulation cavity, two groups of rodless cylinders are symmetrically inserted in the front and back of the inner bottom of the heat insulation cavity, and one ends of the rodless cylinders are respectively connected with the pneumatic control system and the power, the powder spreading device is characterized in that a powder spreading groove is formed between the rodless cylinders, a material guide pipe is arranged above the powder spreading groove, the top end of the material guide pipe penetrates through the heat insulation cavity and is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the storage hopper, a powder bed is arranged at the bottom of the powder spreading groove, a piston is arranged at the bottom of the powder bed and is located at the inner top of the working cylinder body, a vertical movement device is arranged at the bottom of the piston, and the bottom end of the vertical movement device penetrates through the working cylinder body and extends to the bottom of the working cylinder body.
furthermore, in order to provide power and cool the rodless cylinder and ensure that the temperature of the part exposed in the heat-insulating cavity is within the rated working range, the power air source adopts liquefied nitrogen to provide power.
Furthermore, in order to ensure the stability of the temperature field, the heating system adopts four or eight groups of infrared lamp tubes for heating, and a temperature control system is arranged in the heating system.
further, for the unloading of the powder of the convenient realization for shop's powder groove can be along the motion of cylinder piston with the powder bed of work cylinder body upper end pave the powder, shop's powder groove's lower extreme sets up to V-arrangement structure, shop's powder groove's bottom is provided with the opening scraper, just shop's powder groove's both ends all through the screw with cylinder piston fixed connection in the rodless cylinder.
Furthermore, in order to avoid powder from leaking from a gap between the piston and the inner wall of the working cylinder body, sealing felts are arranged between the periphery of the piston and the working cylinder body, and one side of each sealing felt is fixedly connected with the piston.
According to another aspect of the invention, a printing method of a 3D printer with a cooling powder spreading device is provided, which comprises the following steps:
s1, designing a three-dimensional solid model of the product by using 3D modeling software in a computer according to the structural characteristics of the product, slicing the three-dimensional model by using a slicing program, and storing section information in the computer;
step S2, the computer controls the vertical motion device to move the piston to the inner top of the working cylinder body, so that the powder paving mechanism is positioned below the material guide pipe;
Step S3, the computer controls the electric control discharge valve on the storage hopper to open, and powder falls into the powder spreading groove along the material guide pipe;
Step S4, after the powder in the powder paving groove is accumulated to the preset parameters, the computer controls the electric control discharge valve to close;
Step S5, controlling the rodless cylinder to drive the powder paving groove to horizontally move leftwards by the computer, and paving powder with a layer of thickness horizontally at the beginning;
step S6, controlling the galvanometer by the computer to control the laser to irradiate the powder bed paved with the powder according to the pre-selected section data to selectively melt and solidify the powder with the current layer thickness;
step S7, the computer controls the vertical movement device to descend by a layer thickness distance to drive the powder bed to descend by a layer thickness distance;
step S8, controlling the rodless cylinder to drive the powder paving groove to move towards the right in a reverse direction by the computer, and paving a layer of thick powder on the powder bed;
Step S9, the computer controls the galvanometer again to control the laser to irradiate the powder bed of the powder paved at present according to the data of the section of the slice obtained by preselection, so that the powder with the current layer thickness has selective melting and solidification;
step S10, controlling the rodless cylinder to drive the powder paving groove to horizontally move to the position below the material guide pipe to prepare for material receiving by a computer;
and S11, repeating the steps S3-S10, and printing the three-dimensional product by overlapping layer by layer according to the pre-selected section information.
further, the slicing procedure comprises the steps of:
adjusting the layering direction and the layering thickness through layering software, and layering and dispersing the target three-dimensional model into a group of ordered two-dimensional contour sets, wherein the two-dimensional contour of each layer is a slice;
according to actual requirements and the acquired two-dimensional profile information of the slices, technical parameters are set to obtain data codes which can be identified and scanned by a 3D printer, and a 3D printing control instruction is generated according to the scanned data codes.
Further, the slicing process further comprises the following steps:
Analyzing the structural characteristics of the three-dimensional model diagram of the product to obtain an analysis result, and finding out the position needing to be additionally supported in the product in the 3D printing according to the analysis result;
Adding support in the three-dimensional model image of the product according to the position of the added support, and obtaining the three-dimensional model image with the support;
And determining the position relation between the added support and the product according to the three-dimensional model diagram with the support, and obtaining a three-dimensional model diagram of the product containing the support position relation.
Further, the powder spreading groove moves to the leftmost end and stops in step S5, and at this time, at least one layer of thick powder still exists in the powder spreading groove.
Further, in step S8, after the powder spreading groove has spread a thickness of powder, the computer may continue to control the rodless cylinder to drive the powder spreading groove to move rightward, so that the excess powder falls into the powder recycling bin.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. The powder can be spread bidirectionally by one-time powder falling, so that the powder spreading time is saved, and the laser printing efficiency is improved;
2. the air cylinder adopted by the invention can adopt a common rodless air cylinder, the structure is simple and reliable, the air cylinder can be directly placed in the heat-preservation cavity and is close to the powder spreading platform, other transmission parts are not needed, and the powder spreading structure of the whole machine is relatively simple, so that the precision is high, the work is reliable, and the cost is low;
3. because the working heat-preservation cavity generally has a little temperature requirement, the working gas of the cylinder adopts low-temperature gas, generally nitrogen, and has a cooling effect on the cylinder, so that the cylinder is prevented from being partially exposed in the heat-preservation cavity and losing efficacy due to severe expansion and contraction, and smooth printing is ensured;
4. The cylinder is provided with the guide device, so that a guide rail required in the traditional 3D printer is omitted, the structure is simple, the operation is reliable, and the cost is low;
5. The invention adopts the cylinder to drive the execution piston to be positioned in the cylinder guide pipe, and the execution piston is not contacted with the working condition of high dust, so the invention has reliable work, less maintenance and cost saving;
6. Compared with the traditional three-cylinder structure of a powder spreading cylinder, a working cylinder and a recovery cylinder, the single-cylinder printing structure has the advantages that the volume of the heat-insulating cavity is obviously reduced, the stable control of a temperature field is facilitated, the printing quality of a printer is effectively ensured, and the manufacturing cost of the cylinder body is also effectively reduced.
drawings
in order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a 3D printer with a cooling powder spreading device according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a 3D printer with a cooling powder spreading device according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view at A in FIG. 2;
Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a printing method of a 3D printer with a cooling powder spreading device according to an embodiment of the invention.
in the figure:
1. A working cylinder body; 2. a powder recovery barrel; 3. a power gas source; 4. a pneumatic control system; 5. a heat-preservation cavity; 6. a galvanometer; 7. a laser; 8. a storage hopper; 9. an electrically controlled discharge valve; 10. a heating system; 11. A rodless cylinder; 12. a conduit loop; 13. spreading a powder groove; 14. a material guide pipe; 15. a powder bed; 16. a piston; 17. a vertical movement device; 18. a cylinder piston; 19. the felt is sealed.
Detailed Description
For further explanation of the various embodiments, the drawings which form a part of the disclosure and which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of operation of the embodiments, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the various embodiments and advantages of the invention, and, together with the description, reference is made to the figures and wherein the elements are not drawn to scale and wherein like reference numerals are generally used to designate like elements.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the 3D printer with the cooling powder spreading device and the printing method thereof are provided.
referring to the drawings and the detailed description, as shown in fig. 1-3, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a 3D printer with a cooling and powder spreading device, including a working cylinder 1, a powder recycling bin 2 is disposed on one side of the working cylinder 1, a power air source 3 is disposed on one side of the powder recycling bin 2 away from the working cylinder 1, a pneumatic control system 4 is disposed on the power air source 3, a thermal insulation cavity 5 is disposed on the top of the working cylinder 1, the thermal insulation cavity 5 is used for ensuring a temperature of a specific temperature field to be stable, so that a printing operation is normally performed, a vibrating mirror 6 is disposed on the top of the thermal insulation cavity 5, a laser 7 is disposed on one side of the vibrating mirror 6, a storage hopper 8 is disposed on one side of the thermal insulation cavity 5, and an electrically controlled discharge valve 9 is disposed at the bottom of the storage hopper 8, a heating system 10 is arranged at the inner top of the heat-insulating cavity 5, two groups of rodless cylinders 11 are symmetrically inserted and arranged in the front and back of the inner bottom of the heat-insulating cavity 5, and one end of the rodless cylinder 11 is respectively connected with the pneumatic control system 4 and the power air source 3 through a conduit loop 12, a powder paving groove 13 is arranged between the rodless air cylinders 11, a material guide pipe 14 is arranged above the powder paving groove 13, the top end of the material guiding pipe 14 penetrates through the heat preservation cavity 5 and is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the storage hopper 8, a powder bed 15 is arranged at the bottom of the powder paving groove 13, a piston 16 is arranged at the bottom of the powder bed 15, and the piston 16 is positioned at the inner top of the working cylinder body 1, the bottom of the piston 16 is provided with a vertical movement device 17, and the bottom end of the vertical movement device 17 penetrates the cylinder block 1 and extends to the bottom of the cylinder block 1. When the electric control discharge valve 9 is used specifically, the electric control discharge valve 9 is opened when the material needs to be discharged, the material falls into the powder paving groove 13 along the material guide pipe 14 at the tail part of the storage hopper 8 under the action of gravity, and is closed after a period of time, and the powder falling amount entering the powder paving groove 13 can be roughly controlled according to the time length; the vertical movement means 17 is usually provided with a lead screw, bearings, a motor, etc. for converting the rotary motion of the lead screw into the vertical motion of the piston.
In one embodiment, the motive gas source 3 is powered with liquefied nitrogen. Through the use of liquefied nitrogen gas for it not only can play the effect that provides power, but also can play the effect of cooling rodless cylinder 11, thereby makes it can guarantee to expose in the rated operating range of partial temperature in heat preservation cavity 5.
in one embodiment, the heating system 10 uses four or eight groups of infrared lamps for heating, and a temperature control system is disposed in the heating system 10. Through the arrangement, the effect of ensuring the stability of the temperature field can be achieved.
In one embodiment, the lower end of the powder spreading groove 13 is arranged in a V-shaped structure, the bottom of the powder spreading groove 13 is provided with an opening scraper, and both ends of the powder spreading groove 13 are fixedly connected with the cylinder piston 18 in the rodless cylinder 11 through screws. By means of the arrangement, not only is the blanking of powder convenient to realize, but also the powder paving groove 13 can pave the powder along the powder bed 15 at the upper end of the working cylinder body 1 along with the movement of the cylinder piston 18.
in one embodiment, a sealing felt 19 is disposed between the periphery of the piston 16 and the cylinder block 1, and one side of the sealing felt 19 is fixedly connected to the piston 16. By this arrangement, the piston 16 can prevent the leakage of the powder from the gap between the piston 16 and the inner wall of the cylinder block 1 when the inner wall of the cylinder block 1 vertically moves up and down.
Referring now to the drawings and the detailed description, as shown in fig. 4, according to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a printing method for a 3D printer with a cooling powder spreading device, including the following steps:
S1, designing a three-dimensional solid model of the product by using 3D modeling software in a computer according to the structural characteristics of the product, slicing the three-dimensional model by using a slicing program, and storing section information in the computer;
step S2, controlling the vertical motion device 17 by the computer to move the piston 16 to the inner top of the working cylinder 1, so that the powder spreading mechanism is positioned below the material guide pipe 14;
Step S3, the computer controls the electric control discharge valve 9 on the storage hopper 8 to open, and the powder falls into the powder spreading groove 13 along the material guide pipe 14;
Step S4, after the powder in the powder paving groove 13 is accumulated to preset parameters, the computer controls the electric control discharge valve 9 to close;
step S5, controlling the rodless cylinder 11 to drive the powder paving groove 13 to horizontally move leftwards by the computer, and starting to horizontally pave powder with a layer thickness;
Step S6, controlling the galvanometer 6 by the computer to control the laser 7 to irradiate the powder bed 15 paved with the powder according to the pre-selected slice section data, so that the powder with the current layer thickness has selective melting solidification;
step S7, the computer controls the vertical movement device 17 to descend by a layer thickness distance to drive the powder bed 15 to descend by a layer thickness distance;
Step S8, controlling the rodless cylinder 11 to drive the powder paving groove 13 to move towards the right in the opposite direction by the computer, and paving powder with a layer thickness on the powder bed 15;
step S9, the computer controls the galvanometer 6 again to control the laser 7 to irradiate the powder bed 15 of the currently laid powder according to the pre-selected section data, so that the powder with the current layer thickness is selectively melted and solidified;
step S10, controlling the rodless cylinder 11 by a computer to drive the powder paving groove 13 to horizontally move to a position below the material guide pipe 14 to prepare for receiving materials;
And S11, repeating the steps S3-S10, and printing the three-dimensional product by overlapping layer by layer according to the pre-selected section information.
In one embodiment, the slicing procedure comprises the steps of:
Adjusting the layering direction and the layering thickness through layering software, and layering and dispersing the target three-dimensional model into a group of ordered two-dimensional contour sets, wherein the two-dimensional contour of each layer is a slice;
according to actual requirements and the acquired two-dimensional profile information of the slices, technical parameters are set to obtain data codes which can be identified and scanned by a 3D printer, and a 3D printing control instruction is generated according to the scanned data codes.
in one embodiment, the slicing process further comprises the following steps:
Analyzing the structural characteristics of the three-dimensional model diagram of the product to obtain an analysis result, and finding out the position needing to be additionally supported in the product in the 3D printing according to the analysis result;
adding support in the three-dimensional model image of the product according to the position of the added support, and obtaining the three-dimensional model image with the support;
And determining the position relation between the added support and the product according to the three-dimensional model diagram with the support, and obtaining a three-dimensional model diagram of the product containing the support position relation.
in one embodiment, the powder spreading groove 13 in step S5 moves to the leftmost end and stops, and at this time, at least one layer of thick powder still exists in the powder spreading groove 13.
In one embodiment, after the powder spreading groove 13 has spread a thickness of powder in step S8, the computer may continue to control the rodless cylinder 11 to move the powder spreading groove 13 to the right, so that the excess powder falls into the powder recycling bin 2.
in conclusion, by means of the technical scheme, the bidirectional powder paving can be realized by powder falling once through the laser printer, so that the powder paving time is saved, and the laser printing efficiency is improved; the air cylinder adopted by the invention can adopt a common rodless air cylinder, the structure is simple and reliable, the air cylinder can be directly arranged in the heat preservation cavity and is close to the powder paving platform, other transmission parts are not needed, and the powder paving structure of the whole machine is relatively simple, so that the precision is high, the work is reliable, and the cost is low; because the working heat-preservation cavity generally has a little temperature requirement, the working gas of the cylinder adopts low-temperature gas, generally nitrogen, and has a cooling effect on the cylinder, so that the cylinder is prevented from being partially exposed in the heat-preservation cavity and losing efficacy due to severe expansion and contraction, and smooth printing is ensured; in addition, the cylinder is provided with the guide device, so that a guide rail required in the traditional 3D printer is omitted, the structure is simple, the operation is reliable, and the cost is low; the invention adopts the cylinder to drive the execution piston to be positioned in the cylinder guide pipe, so that the execution piston is not contacted with the working condition of high dust, the work is reliable, the maintenance is less, and the cost is saved; the invention adopts the cylinder control as a common left and right two-position electromagnetic valve, the control is simple, and the work is reliable; compared with the traditional three-cylinder structure of a powder spreading cylinder, a working cylinder and a recovery cylinder, the single-cylinder printing structure has the advantages that the volume of the heat-insulating cavity is obviously reduced, the stable control of a temperature field is facilitated, the printing quality of a printer is effectively ensured, and the manufacturing cost of the cylinder body is also effectively reduced.
in the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "connected," "secured," "screwed" and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the terms may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and may be communication inside two elements or interaction relationship between two elements, and unless otherwise specifically defined, the specific meaning of the terms in the present invention will be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. the 3D printer with the cooling powder spreading device is characterized by comprising a working cylinder body (1), wherein a powder recycling barrel (2) is arranged on one side of the working cylinder body (1), a power air source (3) is arranged on one side, far away from the working cylinder body (1), of the powder recycling barrel (2), a pneumatic control system (4) matched with the power air source (3) is arranged on the power air source (3), a heat insulation cavity (5) is arranged at the top of the working cylinder body (1), a vibrating mirror (6) is arranged at the top of the heat insulation cavity (5), a laser (7) is arranged on one side of the vibrating mirror (6), a storage hopper (8) is arranged on one side of the heat insulation cavity (5), an electric control discharge valve (9) is arranged at the bottom of the storage hopper (8), a heating system (10) is arranged at the inner top of the heat insulation cavity (5), and two groups of rodless cylinders (11) are symmetrically arranged in a penetrating mode around the inner bottom of, and one end of the rodless cylinder (11) is respectively connected with the pneumatic control system (4) and the power air source (3) through a conduit loop (12), a powder spreading groove (13) is arranged between the rodless cylinders (11), a material guide pipe (14) is arranged above the powder spreading groove (13), the top end of the material guide pipe (14) penetrates through the heat preservation cavity (5) and is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the storage hopper (8), a powder bed (15) is arranged at the bottom of the powder paving groove (13), a piston (16) is arranged at the bottom of the powder bed (15), the piston (16) is positioned at the inner top of the working cylinder body (1), the bottom of the piston (16) is provided with a vertical movement device (17), and the bottom end of the vertical movement device (17) penetrates through the working cylinder body (1) and extends to the bottom of the working cylinder body (1).
2. 3D printer with cooling and powder spreading device according to claim 1, characterized in that the power air source (3) is powered by liquefied nitrogen.
3. the 3D printer with the cooling and powder spreading device according to claim 2, wherein the heating system (10) adopts four or eight groups of infrared lamp tubes for heating, and a temperature control system is arranged in the heating system (10).
4. the 3D printer with the cooling powder spreading device according to claim 3, wherein the lower end of the powder spreading groove (13) is arranged to be a V-shaped structure, an opening scraper is arranged at the bottom of the powder spreading groove (13), and both ends of the powder spreading groove (13) are fixedly connected with a cylinder piston (18) in the rodless cylinder (11) through screws.
5. The 3D printer with the cooling and powder spreading device is characterized in that a sealing felt (19) is arranged between the periphery of the piston (16) and the working cylinder body (1), and one side of the sealing felt (19) is fixedly connected with the piston (16).
6. a printing method of a 3D printer with a cooling powder spreading device is characterized by being used for the 3D printer with the cooling powder spreading device according to claim 5, and comprising the following steps:
S1, designing a three-dimensional solid model of the product by using 3D modeling software in a computer according to the structural characteristics of the product, slicing the three-dimensional model by using a slicing program, and storing section information in the computer;
step S2, controlling the vertical movement device (17) to move the piston (16) to the inner top of the working cylinder body (1) by the computer, so that the powder laying mechanism is positioned below the material guide pipe (14);
s3, controlling the opening of the electric control discharge valve (9) on the storage hopper (8) by a computer, and enabling powder to fall into the powder spreading groove (13) along the material guide pipe (14);
step S4, after the powder in the powder paving groove (13) is accumulated to preset parameters, the computer controls the electric control discharge valve (9) to close;
Step S5, controlling the rodless cylinder (11) by the computer to drive the powder paving groove (13) to horizontally move leftwards, and starting to horizontally pave powder with a layer thickness;
step S6, controlling the galvanometer (6) by the computer to control the laser (7) to irradiate the powder bed (15) paved with the powder according to the pre-selected section data to selectively melt and solidify the powder with the current layer thickness;
Step S7, the computer controls the vertical movement device (17) to descend by a layer thickness distance to drive the powder bed (15) to descend by a layer thickness distance;
step S8, controlling the rodless cylinder (11) to drive the powder paving groove (13) to move towards the right in a reverse direction by the computer, and paving a layer of thick powder on the powder bed (15);
step S9, the computer controls the galvanometer (6) again to control the laser (7) to irradiate the powder bed (15) of the powder paved at present according to the pre-selected section data, so that the powder with the current layer thickness is selectively melted and solidified;
Step S10, controlling the rodless cylinder (11) by a computer to drive the powder paving groove (13) to horizontally move to the position below the material guide pipe (14) to prepare for receiving materials;
and S11, repeating the steps S3-S10, and printing the three-dimensional product layer by layer according to the pre-selected section information.
7. The printing method of the 3D printer with the cooling powder spreading device according to claim 6, wherein the slicing program comprises the following steps:
adjusting the layering direction and the layering thickness through layering software, and layering and dispersing the target three-dimensional model into a group of ordered two-dimensional contour sets, wherein the two-dimensional contour of each layer is a slice;
according to actual requirements and the acquired two-dimensional profile information of the slices, technical parameters are set to obtain data codes which can be identified and scanned by a 3D printer, and a 3D printing control instruction is generated according to the scanned data codes.
8. the printing method of the 3D printer with the cooling powder spreading device according to claim 7, wherein the slicing processing further comprises the following steps:
analyzing the structural characteristics of the three-dimensional model diagram of the product to obtain an analysis result, and finding out the position needing to be additionally supported in the product in the 3D printing according to the analysis result;
Adding support in the three-dimensional model diagram of the product according to the position of the added support, and obtaining the three-dimensional model diagram with the support;
and determining the position relation between the added support and the product according to the three-dimensional model diagram with the support, and obtaining a three-dimensional model diagram of the product containing the support position relation.
9. the printing method of the 3D printer with the cooling powder spreading device is characterized in that the powder spreading groove (13) in the step S5 moves to the leftmost end to stop, and at the moment, at least one layer of thick powder still exists in the powder spreading groove (13).
10. the printing method of the 3D printer with the cooling powder spreading device is characterized in that after the powder spreading groove (13) is spread with a certain thickness of powder in the step S8, the computer can continuously control the rodless cylinder (11) to drive the powder spreading groove (13) to move to the right, so that the redundant powder falls into the recycling powder barrel (2).
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