CN110534298B - Cooling systems for transformers - Google Patents

Cooling systems for transformers Download PDF

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CN110534298B
CN110534298B CN201810517659.2A CN201810517659A CN110534298B CN 110534298 B CN110534298 B CN 110534298B CN 201810517659 A CN201810517659 A CN 201810517659A CN 110534298 B CN110534298 B CN 110534298B
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transformer
heat exchanger
air
cooling system
cooling
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CN110534298A (en
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孙青军
陆琼芳
孙会刚
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Hitachi Energy Ltd
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Hitachi Energy Switzerland AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
    • H01F27/105—Cooling by special liquid or by liquid of particular composition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/20—Cooling by special gases or non-ambient air
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2876—Cooling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transformer Cooling (AREA)

Abstract

The present application relates to a cooling system for a transformer having at least one coil winding. The cooling system includes at least one exhaust port to direct a flow stream of cooling air onto the coil windings. The discharge port may be a nozzle to increase the velocity of the flow stream. An air mover, such as a fan, is in fluid communication with each of the discharge ports to create an air flow therethrough. A signal generator operatively connected to the air mover is configured to vary a speed of the air mover between a maximum speed and a minimum speed such that a flow rate of air through each of the exhaust ports varies between the maximum speed and the minimum speed over time to cool the transformer.

Description

用于变压器的冷却系统Cooling systems for transformers

技术领域technical field

本申请总体上涉及变压器冷却，并且更具体地但非排他地，涉及利用定向变速流体流来冷却变压器。The present application relates generally to transformer cooling, and more particularly, but not exclusively, to cooling transformers with directed variable speed fluid flow.

背景技术Background technique

变压器是一种通过电磁感应而在两个或更多电路之间传递电能的电气装置。变压器被用于在电力应用中提升或降低电压。在操作期间，在变压器内产生由线圈绕组中的电气损耗引起的热。变压器通常必须被动和/或主动地被冷却，否则它们最终会因过热(最高阈值温度以上)而失效。干式变压器是空气冷却的，并且在一些情况下包括在其某些部分中的基于水的液体冷却。液体式变压器至少部分填充有诸如油或硅油的液体介电材料，以冷却导电线圈绕组。一些现有系统相对于某些应用具有各种缺点。因此，仍然需要对该领域技术的进一步贡献。A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits by electromagnetic induction. Transformers are used to step up or step down voltage in electrical applications. During operation, heat is generated within the transformer caused by electrical losses in the coil windings. Transformers typically must be cooled passively and/or actively, or they will eventually fail due to overheating (above a maximum threshold temperature). Dry-type transformers are air-cooled and in some cases include water-based liquid cooling in some parts of them. Liquid transformers are at least partially filled with a liquid dielectric material, such as oil or silicone oil, to cool the conductive coil windings. Some existing systems have various disadvantages with respect to certain applications. Therefore, further contributions to the technology in this field are still needed.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本申请的一个实施例是具有独特冷却系统的变压器。其他实施例包括用于变压器和冷却系统的设备、系统、装置、硬件、方法和组合，该冷却系统包括被引导到变压器的预定区域的变速冷却流动流和/或脉冲冷却流动流。根据本文提供的描述和附图，本申请的其他的实施例、形式、特征、方面、益处和优点将变得显而易见。One embodiment of the present application is a transformer with a unique cooling system. Other embodiments include apparatus, systems, devices, hardware, methods, and combinations for transformers and cooling systems that include variable-speed cooling flow streams and/or pulsed cooling flow streams directed to predetermined regions of the transformer. Still other embodiments, forms, features, aspects, benefits and advantages of the present application will become apparent from the description and drawings provided herein.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是根据本公开的示例性实施例的变压器和冷却系统的示意图；以及FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a transformer and cooling system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; and

图2是根据用于图1的冷却系统的一个示例性控制方法的、冷却流速随时间改变的曲线图。FIG. 2 is a graph of cooling flow rate versus time according to one exemplary control method for the cooling system of FIG. 1 .

具体实施方式detailed description

为了促进对本申请原理的理解的目的，现在将参考附图中示出的实施例并且将使用特定的语言来描述这些实施例。然而应当理解的是，并不由此旨在限制本申请的范围。所描述的实施例中的任何改变和进一步的修改以及本文所述的本申请原理的任何进一步的应用被设想为如本申请所涉及的领域的技术人员通常会想到的。For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the application, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. It should be understood, however, that no limitation of the scope of the application is thereby intended. Any changes and further modifications in the described embodiments, and any further applications of the principles of the application described herein are contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which this application pertains.

参考图1，在本申请的一个非限制性示例中，以示意性形式示出了变压器10。变压器10可以包括壳体12，壳体12至少部分地包围变压器10的部件。变压器可以包括一个或多个线圈绕组14。线圈绕组14是可操作以提升或降低电力系统中的电压的导线。流过线圈绕组14的电流在变压器内产生大量的热。如果在变压器10中产生的热未能从变压器10中被去除，则变压器10内的某些部件可能失效。本公开包括用于高效地从变压器10中去除热的设备和方法。Referring to FIG. 1 , in one non-limiting example of the present application, a transformer 10 is shown in schematic form. Transformer 10 may include a housing 12 at least partially enclosing components of transformer 10 . The transformer may include one or more coil windings 14 . The coil windings 14 are wires operable to step up or down the voltage in the power system. The current flowing through the coil windings 14 generates a substantial amount of heat within the transformer. If the heat generated in transformer 10 is not removed from transformer 10, certain components within transformer 10 may fail. The present disclosure includes apparatus and methods for efficiently removing heat from transformer 10 .

变压器10可以包括框架16，以与线圈绕组14连接并将线圈绕组14保持在固定位置。一个或多个管道通道18可以与框架16相关联，以便将冷却流体引导到期望的位置。The transformer 10 may include a frame 16 to connect with the coil windings 14 and hold the coil windings 14 in a fixed position. One or more duct channels 18 may be associated with frame 16 to direct cooling fluid to desired locations.

冷却系统20可以与变压器10可操作地耦合，以去除在变压器10中的线圈绕组14内产生的至少一部分热。冷却系统20可以包括可变流动系统22和热交换器系统24。热交换器系统24可以包括热交换器26，热交换器26可操作以在两种或更多种流体之间传递热。热交换器26可以包括用于热交换冷却流体进入的入口28以及用于热交换器流体离开的出口30。在一种形式中，热交换流体可以是液态水基溶液，并且在其他形式中，热交换流体可以是诸如空气等的气体。热交换流体可以通过诸如环境传导、对流和/或辐射传热装置以及其他强制冷却装置的各种装置进行冷却。风扇32可以通过变压器10的壳体12中的出口端口36来吸取由箭头34表示的相对热的气流，并且引导由箭头38表示的热气流穿过热交换器26。在气流被热交换器26冷却后，由箭头39表示的冷却气流通过壳体12的入口端口40被引导到变压器10中。如本领域技术人员将容易理解的，冷却气流39可以被分散在整个壳体12中，和/或经由内部管道和/或通道(未示出)被引导到壳体12内的限定位置。A cooling system 20 may be operatively coupled to the transformer 10 to remove at least a portion of the heat generated within the coil windings 14 in the transformer 10 . Cooling system 20 may include a variable flow system 22 and a heat exchanger system 24 . Heat exchanger system 24 may include heat exchanger 26 operable to transfer heat between two or more fluids. The heat exchanger 26 may include an inlet 28 for heat exchange cooling fluid to enter and an outlet 30 for heat exchanger fluid to exit. In one form the heat exchange fluid may be a liquid water based solution and in other forms the heat exchange fluid may be a gas such as air or the like. The heat exchange fluid can be cooled by various means such as ambient conduction, convective and/or radiative heat transfer means, and other forced cooling means. A fan 32 may draw a relatively hot airflow, indicated by arrow 34 , through an outlet port 36 in the housing 12 of the transformer 10 , and direct the hot airflow, indicated by arrow 38 , through the heat exchanger 26 . After the air flow has been cooled by the heat exchanger 26 , the cooled air flow indicated by arrow 39 is directed into the transformer 10 through the inlet port 40 of the housing 12 . As will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art, cooling airflow 39 may be dispersed throughout housing 12 and/or directed to defined locations within housing 12 via internal ducts and/or passages (not shown).

可变流动冷却系统22包括被可操作地连接到信号发生器52的控制系统50。控制系统50可以被编程为使得信号发生器52将可变输出频率发送到空气增流器54。空气增流器54可以是本领域技术人员的任何已知类型，诸如例如但不限于风扇、鼓风机和/或压缩机等。可变输出频率使得空气增流器54的速度在最大速度与最小速度之间改变。最大速度将提供穿过空气增流器54下游的歧管58的最大气流速率。最大气流可以由空气增流器54的机械速度限制，或者由用于为变压器10提供限定的冷却要求的设计冷却质量流率要求来限制。空气增流器54的最小速度可以是由传热设计要求限定的较低速度。在一些形式中，最小速度可以包括周期性地关闭空气增流器54，其导致冷却流体在可变流动系统22中暂时停止。The variable flow cooling system 22 includes a control system 50 operatively connected to a signal generator 52 . Control system 50 may be programmed such that signal generator 52 sends a variable output frequency to air mover 54 . The air mover 54 may be of any type known to those skilled in the art, such as, for example and without limitation, a fan, blower, and/or compressor, and the like. The variable output frequency causes the speed of the air mover 54 to vary between a maximum speed and a minimum speed. The maximum velocity will provide the maximum airflow rate through the manifold 58 downstream of the air mover 54 . The maximum airflow may be limited by the mechanical speed of the air mover 54 , or by the design cooling mass flow rate requirements for providing defined cooling requirements for the transformer 10 . The minimum velocity of the air mover 54 may be a lower velocity defined by heat transfer design requirements. In some forms, the minimum velocity may include periodically closing air mover 54 , which causes cooling fluid to temporarily stop in variable flow system 22 .

一个或多个流动排出端口60被可操作地连接到歧管58，以接收来自歧管58的气流并将各个离散流动流62引导到线圈绕组14的限定位置上或变压器10中的其他高热区域上。在一个方面中，一个或多个排出端口60可以与每个线圈绕组14相关联，以将一个或多个流动流直接引导到线圈绕组14上。在一个实施例中，排出端口60被配置为渐缩喷嘴，以便增加从该排出端口排出的流动流62的速率。One or more flow exhaust ports 60 are operably connected to manifold 58 to receive air flow from manifold 58 and to direct individual discrete flow streams 62 to defined locations on coil windings 14 or other high thermal regions in transformer 10 superior. In one aspect, one or more exhaust ports 60 may be associated with each coil winding 14 to direct one or more flow streams directly onto the coil winding 14 . In one embodiment, the discharge port 60 is configured as a convergent nozzle so as to increase the velocity of the flow stream 62 exiting the discharge port.

在一些实施例中，可变流动系统22可以包括被直接连接到一个或多个排出端口60中的每个排出端口的空气增流器54。在其他实施例中，可变流动系统22可以包括多个空气增流器54，其中每个空气增流器54可以与多个线圈绕组14中的一个线圈绕组相关联。在另外的实施例中，可变流动系统22可以包括被连接到每个排出端口60的单独的空气增流器54。In some embodiments, variable flow system 22 may include air mover 54 connected directly to each of one or more exhaust ports 60 . In other embodiments, the variable flow system 22 may include a plurality of air movers 54 , where each air mover 54 may be associated with a coil winding of the plurality of coil windings 14 . In further embodiments, the variable flow system 22 may include a separate air mover 54 connected to each exhaust port 60 .

现在参考图2，示出了根据一个示例性控制方法的曲线图70，该曲线图70图示了随时间改变的离开排出端口60的冷却流速U(m/s)。曲线图70示出可选的正弦控制函数，其可以被用于改变从排出端口60离开的冷却流速U。在一种形式中，正弦函数可以被定义为U(m/s)＝U0+A sin(Bt)；其中A是幅度、B是频率。应该理解的是，该曲线图70仅表示可以与可变流动系统22一起使用的一种控制方法，并且速率可以在满足变压器10的传热要求的任何数目的其他控制方案中改变。控制系统50可以被编程为使得信号发生器52向空气增流器54提供其他输出控制信号，诸如方形信号输出、非周期性信号输出改变和/或脉冲(开/关)输出。Referring now to FIG. 2 , there is shown a graph 70 illustrating the cooling flow rate U (m/s) exiting the discharge port 60 as a function of time, according to an exemplary control method. Graph 70 shows an alternative sinusoidal control function that may be used to vary the cooling flow rate U exiting discharge port 60 . In one form, the sine function can be defined as U(m/s) = U 0 +A sin(Bt); where A is amplitude and B is frequency. It should be understood that the graph 70 represents only one control method that may be used with the variable flow system 22 and that the rate may be varied in any number of other control schemes that meet the heat transfer requirements of the transformer 10 . The control system 50 may be programmed such that the signal generator 52 provides other output control signals to the air mover 54, such as a square signal output, an aperiodic signal output change, and/or a pulsed (on/off) output.

实验和模拟分析结果表明，改变离开排出端口60的冷却流动流62的流速可以增加冷却系统20的传热效率。当冷却流动流62的速率恒定(速率不随时间改变)时，在部件与冷却流动流62之间形成稳定的边界层。如本领域技术人员所已知，稳定的边界层具有相对较大的厚度，这降低了冷却流体的有效传热系数。当冷却流动流的速率在幅度和/或频率上改变时，边界层将不稳定并且所得到的更薄的边界层将具有增加的传热系数，从而提供增加的传热效率。已经确定，具有可变流速或脉冲流动的冷却流体流动流的传热系数可以比稳定的冷却流动流增加高达47％。此外，已经发现，当开/关函数的频率大约为40Hz(周期/秒)或更高时，提供流动阶跃改变的矩形输出可以将传热率增加高达30％。Experimental and modeling analysis results indicate that varying the flow rate of the cooling flow stream 62 exiting the discharge port 60 can increase the heat transfer efficiency of the cooling system 20 . When the rate of the cooling flow stream 62 is constant (the rate does not change over time), a stable boundary layer is formed between the component and the cooling flow stream 62 . As is known to those skilled in the art, a stable boundary layer has a relatively large thickness, which reduces the effective heat transfer coefficient of the cooling fluid. When the velocity of the cooling flow stream is changed in magnitude and/or frequency, the boundary layer will be unstable and the resulting thinner boundary layer will have an increased heat transfer coefficient, providing increased heat transfer efficiency. It has been determined that the heat transfer coefficient of a cooling fluid flow stream with variable flow rate or pulsed flow can be increased by up to 47% over a steady cooling fluid flow. Furthermore, it has been found that providing a rectangular output with a step change in flow can increase the heat transfer rate by up to 30% when the frequency of the on/off function is on the order of 40 Hz (cycles/second) or higher.

在一个方面中，本公开内容包括一种变压器冷却系统，包括：具有导电线圈绕组的变压器；鼓风机，用于产生冷却流体流动；与鼓风机流体连通的排出端口；以及被可操作地连接到鼓风机的控制器，所述控制器可操作用于产生穿过排出端口的冷却流体的流速改变。In one aspect, the present disclosure includes a transformer cooling system comprising: a transformer having conductive coil windings; a blower for generating cooling fluid flow; a discharge port in fluid communication with the blower; A controller operable to cause a change in the flow rate of the cooling fluid through the discharge port.

在细化方面中，变压器冷却系统包括：将冷却流体直接引导到导电线圈上的排出端口；其中排出端口是喷嘴；其中所述控制器包括信号发生器；其中信号发生器改变鼓风机的速度；其中鼓风机被周期性地循环开启和关闭，以产生脉冲流动；其中冷却流体包括空气；其中变压器包括多个导电线圈绕组；以及多个排出端口，其可操作用于将冷却流体引导到每个导电线圈绕组上；还包括热交换器，其具有穿过其中的热交换流体；其中热交换流体冷却在变压器与热交换器之间循环的空气；并且还包括热交换器风扇，其可操作用于使空气跨热交换器移动。In a refined aspect, the transformer cooling system includes: directing cooling fluid to a discharge port on the conductive coil; wherein the discharge port is a nozzle; wherein the controller includes a signal generator; wherein the signal generator varies a speed of a blower; wherein the blower is cycled on and off periodically to create pulsed flow; wherein the cooling fluid comprises air; wherein the transformer comprises a plurality of conductive coil windings; and a plurality of discharge ports operable to direct the cooling fluid to each conductive coil on the winding; also includes a heat exchanger, which has a heat exchange fluid passing therethrough; wherein the heat exchange fluid cools the air circulating between the transformer and the heat exchanger; and also includes a heat exchanger fan, which is operable to make Air moves across the heat exchanger.

本公开的另一方面包括一种变压器，该变压器包括：多个线圈绕组；与每个线圈绕组相关联的喷嘴；被可操作地连接到每个喷嘴的歧管；与歧管流体连通的空气增流器；被可操作地连接到空气增流器的信号发生器，该信号发生器被配置为在最大速度与最小速度之间改变所述空气增流器的速度，以使得穿过每个喷嘴的空气的流率在最大速率与最小速率之间周期性地改变，以冷却变压器。Another aspect of the present disclosure includes a transformer comprising: a plurality of coil windings; a nozzle associated with each coil winding; a manifold operatively connected to each nozzle; air in fluid communication with the manifold a flow mover; a signal generator operatively connected to the air mover, the signal generator being configured to vary the speed of the air mover between a maximum speed and a minimum speed such that passing through each The flow rate of air to the nozzles is periodically changed between a maximum rate and a minimum rate to cool the transformer.

在细化方面中，变压器包括：穿过每个喷嘴的流动的最小速率为零；其中信号发生器可操作用于将正弦波、方波和/或脉冲波信号中的一个信号输出到空气增流器；其中空气增流器是风扇、鼓风机或压缩机中的一种；在热交换器风扇与变压器之间流体耦合的热交换器；并且其中热交换风扇使来自变压器的空气循环穿过热交换器并返回到变压器。In a refinement, the transformer includes: the minimum velocity of flow through each nozzle is zero; wherein the signal generator is operable to output one of a sine wave, square wave and/or pulse wave signal to the air amplifier wherein the air mover is one of a fan, blower, or compressor; a heat exchanger fluidly coupled between the heat exchanger fan and the transformer; and wherein the heat exchange fan circulates air from the transformer through the heat exchanger to the converter and back to the transformer.

本公开的另一方面包括一种用于冷却变压器的方法，包括：将冷却空气的流动流引导到变压器的线圈绕组的一部分上；以及在最大速率与最小速率之间周期性地改变冷却空气的流动。Another aspect of the present disclosure includes a method for cooling a transformer comprising: directing a flow stream of cooling air onto a portion of a coil winding of the transformer; and periodically changing the flow rate of the cooling air between a maximum rate and a minimum rate flow.

在该方法的细化方面中，引导包括增加流动穿过喷嘴的速率；其中流率的改变由被可操作地连接到空气增流器的信号发生器进行控制；其中该改变是正弦函数和方波函数中的一个；其中最小速率是零；以及利用热交换器系统来冷却变压器。In a refined aspect of the method, directing includes increasing the velocity of flow through the nozzle; wherein the change in flow rate is controlled by a signal generator operatively connected to the air mover; wherein the change is a sinusoidal function and square one of the wave functions; where the minimum velocity is zero; and cooling the transformer with a heat exchanger system.

本公开的另一方面包括一种变压器冷却系统，包括：变压器，其包括导电线圈绕组；与变压器流体连通的空气增流器；排出端口，被连接到空气增流器，该排出端口被配置为将气流引导到线圈绕组上；以及控制器，其被配置成向空气增流器发送控制信号，其中控制信号在最大速度与最小速度之间周期性地改变空气增流器的速度。Another aspect of the present disclosure includes a transformer cooling system comprising: a transformer including conductive coil windings; an air mover in fluid communication with the transformer; an exhaust port connected to the air mover, the exhaust port being configured to directing airflow onto the coil windings; and a controller configured to send a control signal to the air mover, wherein the control signal periodically changes the speed of the air mover between a maximum speed and a minimum speed.

在细化方面中，变压器包括：零的最小速度；多个排出端口，其被配置为将气流引导到多个线圈绕组上；以及信号发生器，其被配置为向空气增流器提供正弦波输出、方波输出和/或脉冲输出中的至少一种输出。In a refined aspect, the transformer includes: a minimum velocity of zero; a plurality of discharge ports configured to direct airflow onto a plurality of coil windings; and a signal generator configured to provide a sine wave to the air mover at least one of output, square wave output and/or pulse output.

尽管在附图和前面的描述中已经详细说明和描述了本申请，但是它们应当被认为本质上是说明性的而不是限制性的，应当理解，仅仅已经示出和描述了优选实施例，并且落在本应用的精神之内的所有改变和修改被期望得到保护。应当理解，虽然在上面的描述中使用诸如优选、优选地、优选的或更优选的等词语来表示如此描述的特征可能是更期望的，然而这些特征可能不是必需的，并且缺少这些特征的实施例可以被设想为处于本申请的、由随后的权利要求限定的范围内。在阅读权利要求时，意图是当使用诸如“一”、“一个”、“至少一个”或“至少一个部分”等词语时，不旨在将该权利要求限制为仅一个项目，除非在权利要求中特别说明与此相反。当使用语言“至少一部分”和/或“一部分”时，该项目可以包括一部分项目和/或整个项目，除非特别说明与此相反。While the application has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, it is to be considered illustrative rather than restrictive in nature, it being understood that only preferred embodiments have been shown and described, and All changes and modifications that fall within the spirit of the application are expected to be protected. It should be understood that while words such as preferred, preferably, preferred or more preferred are used in the above description to indicate that a feature so described may be more desirable, such feature may not be required and its practice lacking. Examples are contemplated as being within the scope of the present application, as defined by the claims that follow. When reading the claims, it is intended that when words such as "a", "an", "at least one" or "at least a portion" are used, they are not intended to limit the claim to only one item unless stated in the claim specifically states the opposite. When the language "at least a portion" and/or "a portion" is used, the item may include a portion of the item and/or the entire item unless specifically stated to the contrary.

除非另外指定或限制，否则术语“安装”、“连接”、“支撑”、“耦合”及其变型被广义地使用并且包括直接和间接安装、连接、支撑和耦合。此外，“连接”和“耦合”不限于物理或机械连接或耦合。Unless specified or limited otherwise, the terms "mount", "connect", "support", "couple" and variations thereof are used broadly and include direct and indirect mounting, connection, support and coupling. Furthermore, "connected" and "coupled" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections or couplings.

Claims (27)

1. A transformer cooling system comprising:
a transformer having a conductive coil winding, an outlet port, and an inlet port;
a variable flow system, the variable flow system comprising:
a blower for generating a flow of cooling fluid;
an exhaust port in fluid communication with the blower and operable for directing cooling fluid to a defined location of the electrically conductive coil windings or other high heat location in the transformer; and
a controller operatively connected to the blower, the controller being operable to produce a periodic change in the flow rate of cooling fluid through the discharge port between a maximum rate and a minimum rate; and a heat exchanger system, the heat exchanger system comprising:
a heat exchanger fan; and
a heat exchanger for the heat-exchange of the heat-exchange medium,
wherein the heat exchanger fan absorbs air from the transformer through the outlet port and directs the air through the heat exchanger and back into the transformer through the inlet port.
2. The transformer cooling system of claim 1, wherein the exhaust port directs cooling fluid directly onto the electrically conductive coil windings.
3. The transformer cooling system of claim 1, wherein the drain port is a nozzle.
4. The transformer cooling system of claim 1, wherein the controller comprises a signal generator.
5. The transformer cooling system of claim 4 wherein the signal generator varies the speed of the blower.
6. The transformer cooling system of claim 1 wherein the blower is cycled on and off periodically to create a pulsed flow.
7. The transformer cooling system of claim 1, wherein the cooling fluid comprises air.
8. The transformer cooling system of claim 1, wherein the transformer comprises a plurality of conductive coil windings.
9. The transformer cooling system according to claim 8, further comprising a plurality of exhaust ports operable to direct cooling fluid onto each of the conductive coil windings.
10. The transformer cooling system of claim 9, further comprising a manifold in fluid communication with the blower and the plurality of exhaust ports.
11. The transformer cooling system of claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger has a heat exchange fluid passing therethrough.
12. The transformer cooling system of claim 11, wherein the heat exchange fluid cools air circulating between the transformer and the heat exchanger.
13. A transformer, comprising:
a plurality of coil windings;
a housing having an outlet port and an inlet port;
a variable flow system, the variable flow system comprising:
a nozzle associated with each of the coil windings to operatively direct cooling fluid to a defined location of the electrically conductive coil windings or other high heat location in the transformer;
a manifold operatively connected to each nozzle;
an air mover in fluid communication with the manifold; and
a signal generator operatively connected to the air mover, the signal generator configured to vary the speed of the air mover between a maximum speed and a minimum speed such that the flow rate of air through each of the nozzles periodically varies between a maximum rate and a minimum rate to cool the transformer; a heat exchanger system, the heat exchanger system comprising:
a heat exchanger fan; and
a heat exchanger for the heat-exchange of the heat-exchange medium,
wherein the heat exchanger fan absorbs air from the housing through the outlet port, and
directing the air through the heat exchanger and back into the housing through the inlet port.
14. The transformer of claim 13, wherein the minimum velocity of flow through each nozzle is zero.
15. The transformer of claim 13, wherein the signal generator is operable to output one of a sine wave, square wave and/or pulsed wave signal to the air mover.
16. The transformer of claim 13, wherein the air mover is one of a fan, a blower, or a compressor.
17. The transformer of claim 13, wherein the heat exchanger is fluidly coupled between a heat exchanger fan and the transformer.
18. The transformer of claim 17, wherein the heat exchanger fan circulates air from the transformer through the heat exchanger and back to the transformer.
19. A method for cooling a transformer, comprising:
operably directing a flow stream of cooling air by an air mover through an exhaust port onto a portion of a coil winding of the transformer;
periodically varying the flow of cooling air between a maximum rate and a minimum rate; and
air from the transformer is drawn through the outlet port of the transformer by a heat exchanger fan of the heat exchanger and directed through the heat exchanger and back into the transformer through the inlet port of the transformer.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the discharge port is a nozzle, and wherein the directing comprises: increasing the rate of flow through the nozzle.
21. The method of claim 19 wherein the change in flow rate is controlled by a signal generator operatively connected to the air mover.
22. The method of claim 19, wherein the change is one of a sinusoidal function and a square wave function.
23. The method of claim 19, wherein the minimum rate is zero.
24. A transformer cooling system comprising:
a transformer comprising a conductive coil winding, an outlet port, and an inlet port;
a variable flow system, the variable flow system comprising:
an air mover in fluid communication with the transformer;
an exhaust port connected to the air mover, the exhaust port configured to operably direct airflow onto the electrically conductive coil winding; and
a controller configured to send a control signal to the air mover, wherein the control signal periodically varies a speed of the air mover between a maximum speed and a minimum speed; and
a heat exchanger system, the heat exchanger system comprising:
a heat exchanger fan; and
a heat exchanger for the heat-exchange of the heat-exchange medium,
wherein the heat exchanger fan absorbs air from the transformer through the outlet port and directs the air through the heat exchanger and back into the transformer through the inlet port.
25. The transformer cooling system of claim 24, wherein the minimum speed is zero.
26. The transformer cooling system according to claim 24, further comprising a plurality of exhaust ports configured to direct airflow onto a plurality of coil windings.
27. The transformer cooling system of claim 24, further comprising a signal generator configured to provide at least one of a sine wave output, a square wave output, and/or a pulsed output to the air mover.
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