CN110532616B - Electric wave propagation modeling method for wall surface inclined and bent roadway - Google Patents
Electric wave propagation modeling method for wall surface inclined and bent roadway Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A radio wave propagation modeling method for a wall surface inclined and bent roadway. The method is suitable for wireless system design and application performance evaluation in narrow and long and four-side limited spaces such as mines, railways, highways and subways. Projecting the inclined or bent wall of the tunnel to a 2D plane, and simplifying the 3D tunnel into a 2D tunnel; determining the number of all possible rays in the roadway and the emission direction of each ray by using a wave mode theory; calculating the reflection angle and the reflection times of the electromagnetic waves in each mode direction in the 2D roadway by utilizing a ray theory; calculating reflection coefficients in inclined and bent tunnels by using a ray theory, and comparing the reflection coefficients with the reflection coefficients of rays in ideal straight tunnels to calculate signal attenuation compensation factors caused by non-ideal structures of tunnel walls; and correcting the electric wave model of the three-dimensional straight roadway by the signal compensation factor to construct an electric wave propagation model in the three-dimensional inclined and bent roadway. The method can greatly reduce the complexity of modeling, reduce the calculated amount and improve the operation speed while ensuring the accuracy of model prediction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a radio wave propagation modeling method which is suitable for a radio wave propagation modeling method of a wall surface inclined and bent roadway used in narrow and long and four-side limited spaces such as mines, railways, highways, subways and the like.
Technical Field
The design and application performance evaluation of a good wireless system urgently needs an accurate and reasonable electromagnetic wave propagation model to effectively and quickly analyze and predict a wireless channel. The simulation model modeling methods mainly used at present are empirical statistics based, analytical method based and ray tracing based.
Empirical modeling requires a large number of actual measurements or simulation calculations, is labor intensive, and is not versatile. The analytic method has the advantages of quick and accurate operation in ideal straight roadways, but poor operation performance in non-ideal roadways, difficult matching of boundary conditions, complex calculation and large calculation amount. The tracking process of the ray in the 3-dimensional complex roadway is very complicated and needs to be simplified.
In the current channel modeling, because of the difficulty of calculation, the research on ideal straight roadways is many, and the research on underground non-ideal roadways such as inclined and bent roadways is few. In the underground space excavation process, the wall surface of the roadway is likely to incline at a certain angle due to geological structures, excavation reasons and the like; even under the influence of geological disasters, geological movement and industrial production, the roadway structure is inclined to different degrees. With the application of the internet of things, the modeling research of the electromagnetic environment is not negligible.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: aiming at the defects in the technology, the electric wave propagation modeling method for the wall inclined and bent roadway is simple and easy to implement, small in calculated amount and high in calculation efficiency.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the electric wave propagation modeling method of the wall surface inclined and bent tunnel is applicable to the tunnel with a rectangular cross section and composed of a top wall, a bottom wall and two side walls, wherein the inclination or bending of the tunnel means that the top wall, the bottom wall or the side walls are inclined and bent along the longitudinal axis direction of the tunnel, and the top wall, the bottom wall or the side walls are not inclined or bent along the vertical direction or the horizontal direction of the cross section of the tunnel; the method comprises the following steps:
a. simplifying a 3D roadway physical model and constructing a 2D roadway:
(1) intercepting a 3D physical model of any section of roadway, if the side wall of the roadway is inclined or bent, projecting the roadway to a horizontal plane, and marking as a 2D side wall roadway, if the top or bottom wall of the roadway is inclined or bent, projecting the top and bottom walls of the roadway to a vertical plane, and marking as a 2D top and bottom wall roadway, if the top and bottom walls of the roadway are inclined or bent simultaneously, firstly performing 2D top and bottom wall roadway calculation, and then performing 2D side wall roadway calculation, thereby simplifying the calculation;
(2) adopting a rectangular coordinate system in the tunnel, setting a randomly selected tunnel section center as an origin of coordinates, and measuring by using the coordinate system of the origin to obtain a longitudinal coordinate z of a receiving antenna Rx and a longitudinal coordinate z of a transmitting antenna Tx0The longitudinal coordinate z of the receiving antenna Rx and the longitudinal coordinate z of the transmitting antenna Tx are obtained by calculation0The relative distance D between the two in the 2D side wall roadway along the roadway directionVAnd the relative distance D along the course of the roadway in the 2D top-bottom wall roadwayHWherein the relative distance dV、dHAll by conventional geometric methods, by calculating the (x, y, z) coordinates of the receive antenna Rx and the (x) coordinates of the transmit antenna Tx0,y0,z0) Coordinates are obtained in the 2D side wall roadway and the 2D top and bottom wall roadway respectively along the actual distance of the roadway trend;
b. determining the initial emission direction of the actually transmitted electromagnetic wave rays in the roadway by using a wave mode theory; simultaneously calculating the propagation (z-z) of the corresponding ray of each order wave mode in an ideal straight roadway0) The number of reflections produced by the distance;
c. calculating the reflection angle and the reflection times of the electromagnetic waves in each mode direction in the 2D non-ideal roadway by utilizing a ray theory:
d. judging through a roadway construction engineering drawing, and if the side wall structure of the roadway is inclined or bent, calculating a signal field attenuation compensation factor caused by non-ideal side wall structure of the roadway; if the top and bottom wall structures of the roadway are inclined or bent, calculating signal field attenuation compensation factors caused by non-ideal top and bottom wall structures of the roadway; considering the inclination or bending conditions of the top wall, the bottom wall and the side wall of the roadway, and calculating the total signal field attenuation compensation factor caused by the nonideal structure of the roadway wall;
e. d, combining the result of the step D, and constructing a radio wave propagation model in the 3D inclined or bent roadway by using the field compensation factor and the 3D straight roadway radio wave model; specific formula of use
Modifying a 3D straight-lane wave propagation model, wherein
Is a radio wave propagation model of an (m, n) -order wave mode in an inclined roadway;
is an electric wave propagation model of an (m, n) order wave mode in a 3D straight lane,
and (3) compensating factors for the attenuation of the total signal field caused by the non-ideal structure of the tunnel wall.
The method for determining the initial emission direction of the actually transmitted electromagnetic wave rays in the roadway by using the wave mode theory comprises the following steps:
b1 using a straight lane as an ideal 3D straight lane, in a rectangular lane with a cross section width w and a height h, using the formula:
the formula:
determining the wave mode range to be calculated by an ideal electric wave propagation model transmitted by a transmitting antenna Tx, wherein lambda represents the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave, k1 is a dielectric electrical parameter of the side wall of the roadway, k2 is a dielectric electrical parameter of the top and bottom plates of the roadway, and the value is 2-70;
b2 uses the formula:
calculating the initial emission direction of the corresponding ray of the (m, n) -order wave mode relative to the side wall of the roadway; the following steps are utilized: formula (II)
Calculating the initial emission directions of the corresponding rays of the (m, n) -order wave modes relative to the top wall and the bottom wall of the roadway, wherein the initial emission directions are required to be calculated whether the roadway wall is ideal or not and whether inclination and bending occur or not are irrelevant;
b3 using formula
Calculating the propagation (z-z) of the corresponding ray of the (m, n) order wave mode in an ideal straight roadway0) The number of reflections produced by the distance.
The reflection angle and the reflection times of the electromagnetic waves in each mode direction in the 2D non-ideal roadway are as follows;
c1 if the side wall structure of the tunnel is inclined or bent, calculating the grazing angle of the corresponding ray of the (m, n) order wave mode in the 2D side wall tunnel by using ray tracing method
Number of reflections
Wherein i is an integer, i represents the ith reflection of the inclined or bent segment of 1-N laneways, and N represents the total inclined segment number or bent segment number of the laneways;
c2 if the top and bottom wall structure of the roadway is inclined or bent, calculating the grazing angle of the corresponding ray of the (m, n) order wave mode in the 2D top and bottom wall inclined roadway by using ray tracing method
Number of reflections
Wherein i is an integer and represents the ith reflection;
if the side wall structure of the roadway is inclined or bent, the formula is utilized
Calculating signal field attenuation compensation factor caused by roadway side wall structure non-ideality
If the side wall of the roadway is an ideal straight wall surface, then
If the top and bottom wall structures of the roadway are inclined or bent, the formula is utilized
Calculating signal field attenuation compensation factors caused by roadway top and bottom wall structure non-idealities
If the top and bottom walls of the roadway are ideal straight wall surfaces
Considering the inclination or bending conditions of the top, the bottom wall and the side wall of the roadway, the method utilizes
Calculating a total signal field attenuation compensation factor caused by non-ideal tunnel wall structure; in the formula R1(-) is the reflection coefficient of the electromagnetic wave corresponding to the ray on the side wall of the roadway; r2The reflection coefficients of the rays corresponding to the electromagnetic waves at the top wall and the bottom wall of the roadway are shown in the specification; if the side wall of the roadway and the top bottom wall belong to straight wall surfaces,
if only the side wall of the roadway is inclined or bent
If only the top and bottom plates of the roadway are inclined or bent
If the side wall and the top bottom plate of the roadway are simultaneously inclined or bent
Has the advantages that: the existing electric field solving and modeling method only embodies the characteristics of high efficiency, accuracy and easiness in implementation in an ideal roadway (such as a straight roadway), embodies various solving difficulties in the case of a roadway with a complex structure (such as an inclined roadway), and is based on the geometrical optics principle: namely, the change of the structure of the side wall of the roadway does not change the reflection direction and the reflection frequency of electromagnetic waves on the top and bottom walls, the change of the structure of the top and bottom walls of the roadway does not change the reflection direction and the reflection frequency of the electromagnetic waves on the side wall, the electric field solving problem of the 3D inclined roadway is simplified to the 2D roadway, and the ray theory is utilized to solve the electric field loss factor caused by the inclination of the roadway wall
And combining the electric wave propagation model with the electric wave propagation model of the ideal roadway to establish the electric wave propagation model of the inclined roadway. By the method, not only can the tedious tracking of the 3D ray in a complex roadway be avoided, but also the problems of boundary condition matching and closed expression of the traditional analytic method can be avoided. The modeling complexity is greatly reduced, the calculation amount of the model is reduced, and the calculation efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the modeling method for radio wave propagation of a wall inclined and bent roadway according to the present invention;
FIG. 2(a) is a horizontal or vertical projection illustration of an inclined or bent roadway for which the present invention is applicable;
FIG. 2(b) is a cross-sectional view of an inclined, meandering tunnel to which the present invention is applicable;
fig. 3 is a 2D roadway level projection of the roadway model of the present invention. (ii) a
Detailed description of the invention
The embodiments of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 2(a) and 2(b), the method for modeling the radio wave propagation of the inclined/bent wall roadway according to the present invention is applicable to a roadway having a rectangular cross section and including 2-sided top, bottom and 2-sided side walls, where the inclination or bending of the roadway means that the top, bottom or side walls are inclined or bent along the longitudinal axis of the roadway, and there is no inclination or bending along the cross section of the roadway in the vertical or horizontal direction.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for modeling the radio wave propagation of the inclined and bent wall roadway of the invention comprises the following specific steps:
a. and simplifying the physical model of the 3D tunnel and constructing the 2D tunnel.
(1) If the side wall of the roadway is inclined or bent, projecting the roadway to a horizontal plane, and recording as a 2D side wall roadway; and if the top or the bottom wall of the roadway is inclined or bent, projecting the top and the bottom wall of the roadway to a vertical plane, and recording as a 2D top and bottom wall roadway. The calculation of the following steps only needs to be expanded in the 2D roadway;
(2) by using right-angled seats in the roadwaysSetting a random tunnel section center as a coordinate origin, and measuring the longitudinal coordinate z of the receiving antenna Rx and the longitudinal coordinate z of the transmitting antenna Tx by using the coordinate system of the origin0The longitudinal coordinate z of the receiving antenna Rx and the longitudinal coordinate z of the transmitting antenna Tx are obtained by calculation0The relative distance D between the two along the 2D side wall roadwayVAnd the relative distance D along the trend of the 2D top-bottom wall roadwayHWherein the relative distance dV、dHAre solved by conventional geometric methods by calculating the (x, y, z) coordinates of the receive antenna Rx and the (x) coordinates of the transmit antenna Tx0,y0,z0) Coordinates are obtained in the 2D side wall roadway and the 2D top and bottom wall roadway respectively along the actual distance of the roadway trend; the influence of the sidewall inclination on the electromagnetic wave propagation is totally calculated in the 2D plane, and the influence of the top wall and the bottom wall is not considered;
2D roadway projection as shown in FIG. 3, relative distance DVCalculated from the following equation
In the formula: l1Is the distance from the center of the origin to the intersection of the two tunnel walls, thetatilt(rad) is the inclination angle of the side wall of the roadway at the rear half section relative to the roadway at the front half section.
b. And determining the initial emission direction of the ray to be calculated in the roadway by using a wave mode theory.
The width of the applicable roadway is w, and the height of the applicable roadway is h; the top and bottom walls of the roadway are straight, have no inclination and have no bending, the side wall is composed of two sections of straight roadway walls, the inclination angle of the side wall of the roadway at the rear half section relative to the front half section is thetatilt(rad), a rectangular coordinate system is adopted in the roadway, a roadway section diagram is selected at will, the center of the section is selected as the origin of coordinates in the section diagram, and the distance between the center of the origin of coordinates and the intersection of the two roadway walls is l1The receiving antenna is represented by Rx, and the coordinates of the receiving antenna are (x, y, z); the transmitting antenna is denoted by Tx and the transmitting antenna is denoted by the coordinate (x)0,y0,z0)，
b1 rectangle with width w and height h in cross sectionIn the roadway, using formula
Taking a straight roadway as an ideal roadway and utilizing
Determining the wave mode range to be calculated by an ideal electric wave propagation model transmitted by a transmitting antenna Tx, wherein lambda represents the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave, k1 is a dielectric electrical parameter of the side wall of the roadway, k2 is a dielectric electrical parameter of the top and bottom plates of the roadway, and the value is 2-70;
b2 using formula
Calculating the initial emission direction of the corresponding ray of the (m, n) -order wave mode relative to the side wall of the roadway; by using
Calculating the initial emission direction of the corresponding ray of the (m, n) order wave mode relative to the top wall and the bottom wall of the roadway;
b3 using formula
Calculating the propagation (z-z) of the corresponding ray of the (m, n) order wave mode in an ideal straight roadway0) The number of reflections produced by the distance;
c. calculating the reflection angle and the reflection times of the electromagnetic waves in each mode direction in the 2D non-ideal roadway by using a ray theory;
c1 if the side wall structure of the tunnel is inclined or bent, calculating the grazing angle of the corresponding ray of the (m, n) order wave mode in the 2D side wall tunnel by using ray tracing method
The number of reflections is such that,
in the formula, i is an integer, i represents the ith reflection of the inclined or bent segment of 1-N laneways, and N represents the total inclined segment number or bent segment number of the laneways;
c2 if the top and bottom wall structure of the roadway is inclined or bent, calculating the grazing angle of the corresponding ray of the (m, n) order wave mode in the 2D top and bottom wall inclined roadway by using ray tracing method
Number of reflections
Wherein i is an integer and represents the ith reflection;
d. judging through a roadway construction engineering drawing, if the side wall structure of the roadway is inclined or bent, utilizing a formula
Calculating a signal field attenuation compensation factor caused by non-ideal tunnel side wall structures; if the side wall of the roadway is an ideal straight wall surface, then
If the top and bottom wall structures of the roadway are inclined or bent, the formula is utilized
Calculating signal field attenuation compensation factors caused by non-ideal tunnel top and bottom wall structures; if the top and bottom walls of the roadway are ideal straight wall surfaces
The top, the bottom wall and the side wall of the roadway are simultaneously inclined or bent, so that the method utilizes
Calculating the total signal field attenuation compensation factor caused by the non-ideal structure of the roadway wall, wherein R1(-) is the reflection coefficient of the electromagnetic wave corresponding to the ray on the side wall of the roadway; r2The reflection coefficients of the rays corresponding to the electromagnetic waves at the top wall and the bottom wall of the roadway are shown in the specification;
thus, if the side wall of the roadway and the top bottom wall belong to straight wall surfaces,
if only the side wall of the roadway is inclined or bent
If only the top and bottom plates of the roadway are inclined or bent
If the side wall and the top bottom plate of the roadway are simultaneously inclined or bent
e. Using formulas
Correcting the three-dimensional straight roadway radio wave propagation model, and constructing a radio wave propagation model in an inclined or bent roadway; in the formula
Is the electric field function of (m, n) order wave mode in an ideal straight tunnel,
it is a function of its electric field in the inclined lanes.
Claims (1)
1. A wall surface inclined and bent tunnel electric wave propagation modeling method is applicable to tunnels with rectangular cross sections and composed of a top wall, a bottom wall and two side walls, wherein the inclination or bending of the tunnels means that the top wall, the bottom wall or the side walls are inclined and bent along the longitudinal axis direction of the tunnels, and the top wall, the bottom wall or the side walls are not inclined or bent along the vertical direction or the horizontal direction of the cross sections of the tunnels; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. simplifying a 3D roadway physical model and constructing a 2D roadway:
(1) intercepting a 3D physical model of any section of roadway, if the side wall of the roadway is inclined or bent, projecting the roadway to a horizontal plane, and marking as a 2D side wall roadway, if the top or bottom wall of the roadway is inclined or bent, projecting the top and bottom walls of the roadway to a vertical plane, and marking as a 2D top and bottom wall roadway, if the top and bottom walls of the roadway are inclined or bent simultaneously, firstly performing 2D top and bottom wall roadway calculation, and then performing 2D side wall roadway calculation, thereby simplifying the calculation;
(2) adopting a rectangular coordinate system in the tunnel, setting a randomly selected tunnel section center as an origin of coordinates, and measuring by using the coordinate system of the origin to obtain a longitudinal coordinate z of a receiving antenna Rx and a longitudinal coordinate z of a transmitting antenna Tx0The longitudinal coordinate z of the receiving antenna Rx and the longitudinal coordinate z of the transmitting antenna Tx are obtained by calculation0The relative distance D between the two in the 2D side wall roadway along the roadway directionVAnd the relative distance D along the course of the roadway in the 2D top-bottom wall roadwayHWherein the relative distance dV、dHAll by conventional geometric methods, by calculating the (x, y, z) coordinates of the receive antenna Rx and the (x) coordinates of the transmit antenna Tx0,y0,z0) Coordinates are obtained in the 2D side wall roadway and the 2D top and bottom wall roadway respectively along the actual distance of the roadway trend;
b. determining the initial emission direction of the actually transmitted electromagnetic wave rays in the roadway by using a wave mode theory; simultaneously calculating the propagation (z-z) of the corresponding ray of each order wave mode in an ideal straight roadway0) The number of reflections produced by the distance;
the method for determining the initial emission direction of the actually transmitted electromagnetic wave rays in the roadway by using the wave mode theory comprises the following steps:
b1 using a straight lane as an ideal 3D straight lane, in a rectangular lane with a cross section width w and a height h, using the formula:
the formula:
determining the wave mode range to be calculated by an ideal electric wave propagation model transmitted by a transmitting antenna Tx, wherein lambda represents the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave, k1 is a dielectric electrical parameter of the side wall of the roadway, k2 is a dielectric electrical parameter of the top and bottom plates of the roadway, and the value is 2-70;
b2 uses the formula:
calculating the initial emission direction of the corresponding ray of the (m, n) -order wave mode relative to the side wall of the roadway; the following steps are utilized: formula (II)
Calculating the initial emission direction of the corresponding ray of the (m, n) order wave mode relative to the top wall and the bottom wall of the roadway;
b3 using formula
Calculating the propagation (z-z) of the corresponding ray of the (m, n) order wave mode in an ideal straight roadway0) The number of reflections produced by the distance;
c. calculating the reflection angle and the reflection times of the electromagnetic waves in each mode direction in the 2D non-ideal roadway by utilizing a ray theory:
the reflection angle and the reflection times of the electromagnetic waves in each mode direction in the 2D non-ideal roadway are as follows;
c1 if the side wall structure of the tunnel is inclined or bent, calculating the grazing angle of the corresponding ray of the (m, n) order wave mode in the 2D side wall tunnel by using ray tracing method
Number of reflections
Wherein i is an integer, i represents the ith reflection of the inclined or bent segment of 1-N laneways, and N represents the total inclined segment number or bent segment number of the laneways;
c2 if the top and bottom wall structure of the roadway is inclined or bent, calculating the grazing angle of the corresponding ray of the (m, n) order wave mode in the 2D top and bottom wall inclined roadway by using ray tracing method
Number of reflections
Wherein i is an integer and represents the ith reflection;
d. judging through a roadway construction engineering drawing, and if the side wall structure of the roadway is inclined or bent, calculating a signal field attenuation compensation factor caused by non-ideal side wall structure of the roadway; if the top and bottom wall structures of the roadway are inclined or bent, calculating signal field attenuation compensation factors caused by non-ideal top and bottom wall structures of the roadway; considering the inclination or bending conditions of the top wall, the bottom wall and the side wall of the roadway, and calculating the total signal field attenuation compensation factor caused by the nonideal structure of the roadway wall;
if the side wall structure of the roadway is inclined or bent, the formula is utilized
Calculating signal field attenuation compensation factor caused by roadway side wall structure non-ideality
If the side wall of the roadway is an ideal straight wall surface, then
If the top and bottom wall structures of the roadway are inclined or bent, the formula is utilized
Calculating signal field attenuation compensation factors caused by roadway top and bottom wall structure non-idealities
If the top and bottom walls of the roadway are ideal straight wall surfaces
Considering the inclination or bending conditions of the top, the bottom wall and the side wall of the roadway, the method utilizes
Calculating a total signal field attenuation compensation factor caused by non-ideal tunnel wall structure; in the formula R1(-) is the reflection coefficient of the electromagnetic wave corresponding to the ray on the side wall of the roadway; r2The reflection coefficients of the rays corresponding to the electromagnetic waves at the top wall and the bottom wall of the roadway are shown in the specification; if the side wall of the roadway and the top bottom wall belong to straight wall surfaces,
if only the side wall of the roadway is inclined or bent
If only the top and bottom plates of the roadway are inclined or bent
If the side wall and the top bottom plate of the roadway are simultaneously inclined or bent
e. D, combining the result of the step D, and constructing a radio wave propagation model in the 3D inclined or bent roadway by using the field compensation factor and the 3D straight roadway radio wave model; specific formula of use
Modifying a 3D straight-lane wave propagation model, wherein
Is a radio wave propagation model of an (m, n) -order wave mode in an inclined roadway;
is an electric wave propagation model of an (m, n) order wave mode in a 3D straight lane,
and (3) compensating factors for the attenuation of the total signal field caused by the non-ideal structure of the tunnel wall.
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