CN110532594B - Design method of connection type double-tube-plate heat exchanger - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat exchanger tube plate design, and particularly relates to a design method of a connection type double-tube plate heat exchanger, which comprises the following steps: calculating the thickness delta of the outer tube plate according to the equivalent single tube plate heat exchanger1(ii) a Calculating the thickness delta of the inner tube plate according to the equivalent single tube plate heat exchanger2(ii) a Calculating the equivalent tube plate thickness delta; calculating the axial stress of the heat exchange tube in the interval of the effective length Le of the heat exchange tube and the axial stress of the shell side cylinder according to a single tube plate calculation method; calculating and designing a minimum distance g between the inner pipe plate and the outer pipe plate which meets the condition requirements; the heat exchange tubes within the insulation chamber were evaluated for bending stress levels as required by standard GB/T151-2014. The design method takes the theoretical analytical solution calculation of the single-tube plate shell as a basic calculation basis, considers the coordination and mutual influence of all related elements, provides reasonable equivalent parameters and an equivalent method, and defines calculation steps.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat exchanger tube plate design, and particularly relates to a design method of a connection type double-tube plate heat exchanger.
Background
The heat exchanger is a device for transferring heat among different media, and a double-tube plate structure is preferably adopted when the mixing of the tube side media and the shell side media of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is strictly forbidden. The double tube plate is a complex shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and compared with a single tube plate, each tube plate end of the heat exchanger is provided with two tube plates to prevent the mixing of tube shell side media. The double tube plates are mainly divided into an integral double tube plate, a connecting double tube plate and a separating double tube plate; with the connecting double tube sheet being most commonly used. Due to the complex structure of the connecting type double-tube plate heat exchanger, no perfect calculation method exists at present, and the engineering design is difficult.
At present, the connected double-tube plate full-model analytic solution theory derivation and calculation are not found, and a finite element is needed for accurate calculation, but the finite element method is high in design cost, time-consuming, labor-consuming and low in engineering applicability. For approximate calculation, the standard basic principle is referred to, and the standard has no complete requirement necessary for design, so that the engineering practicability is limited, and even potential safety hazards exist.
For the connection type double tube plates, only the American TEAM standard and the Chinese GB/T151 standard give basic calculation ideas and principles at present. The two standard ideas are basically converged and are based on an equivalent single-tube-plate calculation method to perform cross approximate calculation. In the prior art, the double tube plates are also regarded as a single tube plate for calculation, so that a large conservative result appears on the thickness of the tube plate, and the material waste is serious; and axial stress calculation errors of the heat exchange tube and the cylinder can be caused. In the prior art, although the finite element method can accurately calculate the design parameters of the connecting double tube plates, the finite element calculation technology has high threshold and high configuration requirements on personnel and equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve at least one technical problem mentioned in the background technology, the invention provides a design method of a connection type double-tube plate heat exchanger, which takes the theoretical analytical calculation of a single-tube plate shell as a basic calculation basis, considers the coordination and mutual influence of all related elements, provides reasonable equivalent parameters and equivalent methods, and defines the calculation steps. According to the invention, through a complete calculation method and steps, the puzzlement in the calculation process of the connecting type double tube plate is solved, and the design safety problem caused by the incomplete existing standard is prevented.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a design method of a connection type double-tube plate heat exchanger comprises the following steps:
step one, calculating the thickness delta of an outer tube plate according to the equivalent single-tube plate heat exchanger1；
Step two, calculating the thickness delta of the inner tube plate according to the equivalent single tube plate heat exchanger2；
Step three, regarding an integral frame structure formed by the inner tube plate, the outer tube plate and the heat exchange tubes in the isolation cavity as an integral tube plate; the equivalent tube sheet thickness δ is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula, delta is the equivalent thickness of the combined inner pipe plate and the outer pipe plate; ν is the poisson ratio of the inner and outer tube sheet materials; dbThe equivalent bending rigidity after the inner and outer tube plates are combined; ePThe modulus of elasticity of the inner and outer tube sheet materials;
calculating the axial stress of the heat exchange tube in the interval of the effective length Le of the heat exchange tube and the axial stress of the shell side cylinder according to a single tube plate calculation method;
step five, calculating and designing the minimum distance g between the inner pipe plate and the outer pipe plate to satisfy the following formula:
wherein,
in the formula, d is the outer diameter of the heat exchange tube; delta r is the radial thermal expansion difference between the inner and outer tube plates; etThe elastic modulus of the heat exchange tube at the average metal temperature thereof;
the yield strength of the heat exchange tube at the average metal temperature thereof; dtCalculating the equivalent diameter of the tube plate and tube distribution area according to GB/T151-20147.4.8.3; alpha is alpha1Is the linear expansion coefficient of the outer tube sheet at its average metal temperature; alpha is alpha2Is the linear expansion coefficient of the innerduct plate at its average metal temperature; delta T1The difference between the average metal temperature of the outer tube plate and the temperature of the manufacturing environment; delta T2The difference between the average metal temperature of the inner tube plate and the temperature of the manufacturing environment;
step six, evaluating the bending stress level of the heat exchange tube in the isolation cavity by using the standard GB/T151-2014;
step seven, if all the requirements from the step one to the step six are met, the calculation is completed; and if any item in the steps from the first step to the sixth step is not met, re-accounting by modifying the structure, the pressure and the material parameters until all the requirements of the steps from the first step to the sixth step are met.
In the design method of the connection type double-tube plate heat exchanger, in the first step, the thickness delta of the outer tube plate is calculated according to the equivalent weight of the single-tube plate heat exchanger1(ii) a Outer tube plate thickness delta calculated for equivalent single tube plate heat exchanger1The parameters are as follows:
the tube side pressure is the tube side pressure Pt of the double-tube plate heat exchanger;
the shell side pressure is the pressure Pg of an isolation cavity of the double-tube plate heat exchanger;
taking a connecting element of the connection type double-tube plate heat exchanger as a heat exchanger shell pass, wherein the length of the heat exchanger shell pass is 2g, the thickness of the heat exchanger shell pass is the thickness of the connecting element, and other geometric parameters are unchanged;
the effective length L1 of the heat exchange tube is 2g of the sum of the lengths of the isolation cavities of the connected double-tube-plate heat exchanger, and the size of the heat exchange tube is unchanged.
It should be noted that the outer tube plate thickness δ is calculated according to the single-tube plate heat exchanger1The calculation model of (1) can adopt a calculation method of the thickness of the corresponding single tube plate in GB/T151-2014.
In the design method of the connection type double-tube plate heat exchanger, in the second step, the thickness delta of the inner tube plate is calculated according to the equivalent weight of the single-tube plate heat exchanger2(ii) a Thickness delta of inner tube plate for calculation of equivalent single tube plate heat exchanger2The parameters of (a) are as follows:
the tube side pressure is the pressure Pg of an isolation cavity of the double-tube plate heat exchanger;
the shell side pressure is the shell side pressure Ps of the double-tube plate heat exchanger;
the shell pass parameters of the heat exchanger are unchanged;
the effective length of the heat exchange tube is Le, and the size and specification of the heat exchange tube are unchanged.
In the above design method of the connected double-tube plate heat exchanger, in the first step, when K >12, the effective length L of the heat exchange tube can be corrected according to the following formula:
wherein,
in the formula, DiCalculating the inner diameter for the heat exchanger; delta is the equivalent thickness of the combined inner and outer tube plates; etThe elastic modulus of the heat exchange tube at the average metal temperature is MPa; n is the number of heat exchange tubes; a is the cross section area of a single heat exchange tube; ePThe modulus of elasticity of the inner and outer tube sheet materials; l iseThe effective length of the heat exchange tube; η is the tube sheet stiffness reduction coefficient, and unless otherwise specified, is typically 0.4.
In the design method of the connection type double-tube plate heat exchanger, in the third step, the equivalent bending rigidity after the inner tube plate and the outer tube plate are combined
Wherein the following calculation parameters are selected:
the tube side pressure is the tube side pressure Pt of the double-tube plate heat exchanger,
the shell side pressure is the pressure Ps of the isolation cavity of the double-tube plate heat exchanger,
the effective length of the heat exchange tube is Le, and the size and specification of the heat exchange tube are unchanged;
in the formula, LgThe distance between the inner tube plate and the outer tube plate is Lg-g.
The invention has the following technical effects:
the design method of the invention provides a calculation method of each parameter of the connecting type double tube plates, and the calculation method has better calculation precision based on the theoretical analytical solution of the single tube plate shell; the invention defines the selection of parameters such as tube side pressure, shell side pressure, length of a heat exchange tube and the like for the equivalent single-tube-plate heat exchanger; the invention carries out equivalent treatment on the integral frame structure formed by the inner and outer tube plates and the isolation cavity, provides equivalent bending rigidity and equivalent thickness and provides a calculation formula; the axial stress of the double-tube-plate heat exchange tube and the axial stress of a shell pass are calculated and evaluated through equivalent thickness; the method can calculate the thickness of the outer tube plate, the thickness of the inner tube plate, the axial stress of the heat exchange tube and the axial stress of the shell pass cylinder. Meanwhile, the stress of the heat exchange tube in the isolation cavity and the stress of the connecting element are calculated and evaluated based on the existing method, and the stress and the evaluation form a complete design of the connection type double-tube-plate heat exchanger together with the innovation point of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a typical configuration of a bonded double tube sheet heat exchanger;
FIG. 2 is an equivalent single tube sheet heat exchanger configuration as calculated for outer tube sheet thickness;
figure 3 is an equivalent single tube sheet heat exchanger configuration when calculating the inner tube sheet thickness.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a design method of a connection type double-tube plate heat exchanger, which comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating the thickness delta of the outer tube plate according to the equivalent single-tube plate heat exchanger1；
Wherein, as shown in fig. 1, a typical structure of a connection type double-tube plate heat exchanger is provided, in fig. 1, an isolation cavity is arranged between an inner tube plate and an outer tube plate (the pressure of the isolation cavity of the double-tube plate heat exchanger is Pg, and the length of the isolation cavity is g), and a shell side is arranged between two inner tube plates (the shell side pressure Ps of the double-tube plate heat exchanger); the shell between the inner tube plate and the outer tube plate is a connecting element; the cavities at the two ends of the heat exchanger are tube boxes, and the pressure in the tube boxes is Pt; the length between the two inner tube plates is Le.
FIG. 2 shows an equivalent single-tube-plate heat exchanger structure for calculating the thickness of the outer tube plate, where the thickness of the outer tube plate is calculated as delta1Calculating the thickness delta of the outer tube plate according to the single-tube plate heat exchanger1The calculation model can adopt a calculation method of the thickness of the corresponding single tube plate in GB/T151-2014; the parameters are selected as follows:
the tube side pressure is the tube side pressure Pt of the double-tube plate heat exchanger in the figure 1;
the shell side pressure is selected from the pressure Pg of an isolation cavity of the double-tube plate heat exchanger in FIG. 1;
the connecting element of the connecting type double-tube plate heat exchanger in the figure 1 is used as a heat exchanger shell pass, the length of the heat exchanger shell pass is 2g, the thickness is the thickness of the connecting element, and other geometric parameters are unchanged;
the effective length L1 of the heat exchange tube is the sum of the lengths of the isolation cavities of the connection type double-tube-plate heat exchanger in the figure 1, 2g, and the size and the specification of the heat exchange tube are unchanged.
S2, equivalent single tube plate heat exchanger as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, calculating the thickness delta of the inner tube plate2(ii) a Thickness delta of inner tube plate for calculation of equivalent single tube plate heat exchanger2The parameters of (a) are as follows:
the tube side pressure is the isolation cavity pressure Pg of the double-tube plate heat exchanger in FIG. 1;
the shell side pressure is the shell side pressure Ps of the double tube sheet heat exchanger in fig. 1;
the shell pass parameters of the heat exchanger are unchanged;
the effective length of the heat exchange tube is Le, and the size and specification of the heat exchange tube are unchanged.
Calculating the thickness delta of the inner tube plate in the equivalent single-tube plate heat exchanger2Calculating the thickness delta of the outer tube plate according to the single-tube plate heat exchanger2The calculation model can select the corresponding single tube plate in GB/T151-2014And (4) a thickness calculation method.
In S1, when K is greater than 12, the effective length L of the heat exchange tube can be corrected according to the following formula:
wherein,
in the formula, DiCalculating the inner diameter for the heat exchanger; delta is the equivalent thickness of the combined inner and outer tube plates; etThe elastic modulus of the heat exchange tube at the average metal temperature is MPa; n is the number of heat exchange tubes; a is the cross section area of a single heat exchange tube; ePThe modulus of elasticity of the inner and outer tube sheet materials; l iseThe effective length of the heat exchange tube; η is the tube sheet stiffness reduction coefficient, and unless otherwise specified, is typically 0.4.
S3, regarding the integral frame structure formed by the inner tube plate, the outer tube plate and the heat exchange tubes in the isolation cavity as an integral tube plate; the equivalent tube sheet thickness δ is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula, delta is the equivalent thickness of the combined inner pipe plate and the outer pipe plate; ν is the poisson ratio of the inner and outer tube sheet materials; dbThe equivalent bending rigidity after the inner and outer tube plates are combined; ePThe modulus of elasticity of the inner and outer tubesheet materials.
And S4, calculating the axial stress of the heat exchange tube in the interval of the effective length Le of the heat exchange tube and the axial stress of the shell side cylinder according to a single tube plate calculation method.
S5, calculating and designing the minimum distance g between the inner tube plate and the outer tube plate to satisfy the following formula:
wherein,
in the formula, d is the outer diameter of the heat exchange tube; delta r is the radial thermal expansion difference between the inner and outer tube plates; etThe elastic modulus of the heat exchange tube at the average metal temperature thereof;
the yield strength of the heat exchange tube at the average metal temperature thereof; dtCalculating the equivalent diameter of the tube plate and tube distribution area according to GB/T151-20147.4.8.3; alpha is alpha1Is the linear expansion coefficient of the outer tube sheet at its average metal temperature; alpha is alpha2Is the linear expansion coefficient of the innerduct plate at its average metal temperature; delta T1The difference between the average metal temperature of the outer tube plate and the temperature of the manufacturing environment; delta T2The difference between the average metal temperature of the inner tube plate and the temperature of the manufacturing environment.
S6, evaluating the bending stress level of the heat exchange tube in the isolation cavity by using the standard GB/T151-2014 requirements;
s7, if all the requirements of the steps S1-S6 are met, the calculation is completed; if any item in the steps S1-S6 is not satisfied, the calculation is re-checked by modifying the structure, pressure and material parameters until all the requirements of the steps S1-S6 are satisfied.
In the above method for designing a connected double-tube plate heat exchanger, in S3, the equivalent bending stiffness of the combined inner and outer tube plates is
Wherein the following calculation parameters are selected:
the tube side pressure is the tube side pressure Pt of the double-tube plate heat exchanger,
the shell side pressure is the pressure Ps of the isolation cavity of the double-tube plate heat exchanger,
the effective length of the heat exchange tube is Le, and the size and specification of the heat exchange tube are unchanged;
in the formula, LgThe distance between the inner tube plate and the outer tube plate is Lg-g.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A design method of a connection type double-tube plate heat exchanger is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, calculating the thickness delta of an outer tube plate according to the equivalent single-tube plate heat exchanger1；
Step two, calculating the thickness delta of the inner tube plate according to the equivalent single tube plate heat exchanger2；
Step three, regarding an integral frame structure formed by the inner tube plate, the outer tube plate and the heat exchange tubes in the isolation cavity as an integral tube plate; the equivalent tube sheet thickness δ is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula, delta is the equivalent thickness of the combined inner pipe plate and the outer pipe plate; ν is the poisson ratio of the inner and outer tube sheet materials; dbThe equivalent bending rigidity after the inner and outer tube plates are combined; ePThe modulus of elasticity of the inner and outer tube sheet materials;
calculating the axial stress of the heat exchange tube in the interval of the effective length Le of the heat exchange tube and the axial stress of the shell side cylinder according to a single tube plate calculation method;
step five, calculating and designing the minimum distance g between the inner pipe plate and the outer pipe plate to satisfy the following formula:
wherein,
in the formula, d is the outer diameter of the heat exchange tube; delta r is the radial thermal expansion difference between the inner and outer tube plates; etThe elastic modulus of the heat exchange tube at the average metal temperature thereof;
the yield strength of the heat exchange tube at the average metal temperature thereof; dtCalculating the equivalent diameter of the tube plate and tube distribution area according to GB/T151-20147.4.8.3; alpha is alpha1Is the linear expansion coefficient of the outer tube sheet at its average metal temperature; alpha is alpha2Is the linear expansion coefficient of the innerduct plate at its average metal temperature; delta T1The difference between the average metal temperature of the outer tube plate and the ambient temperature during manufacturing; delta T2The difference between the average metal temperature of the inner tube plate and the ambient temperature during manufacturing;
step six, evaluating the bending stress level of the heat exchange tube in the isolation cavity by using the standard GB/T151-2014;
step seven, if all the requirements from the step one to the step six are met, the calculation is completed; if any item in the steps from the first step to the sixth step is not met, re-accounting is carried out by modifying the structure, the pressure and the material parameters until all the requirements of the steps from the first step to the sixth step are met;
in the third step, the equivalent bending rigidity after the inner and outer tube plates are combined
The following calculation parameters are selected:
the tube side pressure is the tube side pressure Pt of the double-tube plate heat exchanger,
the shell side pressure is the pressure Ps of the isolation cavity of the double-tube plate heat exchanger,
the effective length of the heat exchange tube is Le, and the size and specification of the heat exchange tube are unchanged;
in the formula, LgThe distance between the inner tube plate and the outer tube plate is Lg-g;
in the first step, when K is greater than 12, the effective length L of the heat exchange tube is corrected according to the following formula:
wherein,
in the formula, DiCalculating the inner diameter for the heat exchanger; delta is the equivalent thickness after the tube plate thickness of the equivalent single-tube plate heat exchanger is combined when the inner tube plate and the outer tube plate are calculated; etThe elastic modulus of the heat exchange tube at the average metal temperature is MPa; n is the number of heat exchange tubes; a is the cross section area of a single heat exchange tube; eta is the weakening coefficient of the rigidity of the tube plate, and eta is 0.4.
2. The design method of a connected double tube sheet heat exchanger according to claim 1,
in the second step, the equivalent single-tube-plate heat exchanger calculates the thickness delta of the inner tube plate2(ii) a Thickness delta of inner tube plate for calculation of equivalent single tube plate heat exchanger2The parameters of (a) are as follows:
the tube side pressure is the pressure Pg of an isolation cavity of the double-tube plate heat exchanger;
the shell side pressure is the shell side pressure Ps of the double-tube plate heat exchanger;
the shell pass parameters of the heat exchanger are unchanged;
the size and specification of the heat exchange tube are unchanged.
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| CN103488902A (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2014-01-01 | 中国石油集团工程设计有限责任公司 | Determining method for thickness of thin tube sheet of large-diameter fixed-tube-sheet heat exchanger |
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