CN110532500B - Method for constructing reservoir group parameterization scheme in regional atmosphere hydrological model - Google Patents
Method for constructing reservoir group parameterization scheme in regional atmosphere hydrological model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for constructing a reservoir group parameterization scheme in a regional atmosphere hydrological model, which is used for estimating the storage capacity of a reservoir without data based on the collection of reservoir basic data, remote sensing images and topographic data, constructing a reservoir water storage capacity-area relation, a reservoir conceptual scheduling rule and a reservoir group-river network topological relation, realizing the construction of the parameterization scheme of the hydraulic engineering group, and realizing the complete coupling of the constructed parameterization scheme and the regional atmosphere hydrological model from four aspects of surface water, underground water, atmospheric water and energy balance. The method can effectively make up the defect that the existing regional atmosphere hydrological model cannot depict the reservoir group atmosphere hydrological effect, and has important values in the aspects of revealing the influence rule of the reservoir group on the atmosphere hydrological circulation, perfecting the theoretical system of reservoir group regulation and regional atmosphere hydrological circulation response and guiding the development and utilization of regional water resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for constructing a reservoir group parameterization scheme in a regional atmospheric hydrological model, and belongs to the field of atmospheric hydrology.
Background
Hydraulic engineering is a tool for developing, utilizing and regulating water resources and changing regional water circulation rules reasonably and scientifically by human beings, and the operation and the scheduling of a reservoir are taken as main points. As shown in fig. 1, according to the theory of "nature-society" binary water resource, the reservoir changes the circulation conversion speed between atmospheric water and surface water, and between underground water and surface water, and changes the evolution and updated natural law of atmospheric-hydrologic cycle. As an important tool for researching the atmosphere-hydrologic cycle, the atmosphere hydrologic model can simulate the exchange of the earth surface quality and energy through modules such as atmosphere, land, ocean, sea ice and the like. Under the background, the mechanism that the reservoir group influences the atmospheric process, the surface water process and the underground water process by changing the atmospheric-land water energy exchange and the surface-underground water exchange on the regional scale is not clear, the related theory is not complete, and the potential value of the reservoir group in the aspects of guiding regional water resource development and utilization and coping with climate change is not taken into consideration.
At present, atmospheric hydrological models at home and abroad ignore the mutual influence between a reservoir group and regional atmospheric hydrological circulation and cannot depict the atmospheric hydrological effect of the reservoir group. On the other hand, although reservoir group parameterization schemes have been developed in part of hydrological models, the reservoir group parameterization schemes are often too simple to reflect the interaction between a reservoir group consisting of large, medium and small reservoirs and water circulation on a physical mechanism. As an important tool for researching the atmosphere-hydrologic cycle, the atmosphere hydrologic model can simulate the exchange of the earth surface quality and energy through modules such as atmosphere, land, ocean, sea ice and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention provides a method for constructing a reservoir group parameterization scheme in a regional atmospheric hydrological model, which quantifies the atmospheric hydrological effect of a reservoir group and enables the operation and the dispatching of a reservoir to be more accurate.
The technical scheme is as follows: the technical scheme adopted by the invention is a method for constructing a reservoir group parameterization scheme in a regional atmosphere hydrological model, which comprises the following steps:
collecting hydrological data of large and medium-sized reservoirs;
estimating the storage capacity of the small reservoir;
constructing the relation between the reservoir water storage capacity and the area;
constructing reservoir dispatching rules;
constructing a topological relation between the reservoir and the river network;
the reservoir group parameterization scheme is coupled with the atmospheric hydrological model.
The hydrological data comprise storage capacity and average runoff for many years.
The relation between the reservoir water storage capacity and the area is as follows:
wherein V is the water storage capacity of the reservoir,frthe area of the water surface of the reservoir is shown as a undetermined coefficient.
The topological relation between the reservoir and the river network is as follows:
wherein Q isinFor reservoir inflow without data at a certain time, VgIs a reservoir capacity without data, RgFor the average runoff of the grid over years, RmAnd VmMean values of mean runoff and storage capacity over years, Q, of nearby reservoirs with datagIs the grid traffic at a certain time.
The method for constructing the reservoir dispatching rule comprises the following steps:
i) determining scheduling targets of large and medium-sized reservoirs under different water levels according to three characteristic water levels, namely a dead water level, a prosperity water level and a flood control high water level, and adopting different scheduling rules for the reservoirs when the water level of the reservoirs exceeds a certain characteristic water level, wherein the scheduling rules are specifically shown as the following formula:
wherein Q istFor reservoir discharge, U is human water demand, QdmaxFor downstream safety discharge, VtFor the current reservoir water storage capacity, Vd、Vc、VfThe water storage amounts corresponding to a dead water level, a prosperous water level and a flood control high water level respectively, k is a ratio of inflow to downstream safe discharge, r is a coefficient, and t is time;
ii) determining the dispatching targets of the small-sized reservoirs under different water levels according to two characteristic water levels, namely a dead water level and a prosperous water level, and adopting different dispatching rules for the reservoirs when the water level of the reservoirs exceeds a certain characteristic water level, wherein the dispatching rules are specifically shown as the following formula:
wherein Q istFor reservoir discharge, U is human water demand, VtFor the current reservoir water storage capacity, Vd、VcThe water storage amounts corresponding to the dead water level and the Xingli water level respectively can be determined by local water conservancy general survey bulletins, in the example, 20 percent and 65 percent of the storage capacity are taken respectively, and r is a coefficient;
iii) establishing a reservoir water balance equation according to the water balance relation:
Vt＝Vt-1+Δt·(Qin-Qout-At·E+At·P-At·D)
wherein, VtAnd Vt-1The water storage capacity of the reservoir in the current period and the previous period respectively, delta t is the calculation step length, QoutAnd QinRespectively reservoir outflow and inflow, AtAnd E is the area of the reservoir in the current time period, P is the evaporation rate of the reservoir, P is the surface precipitation rate of the reservoir, and D is the seepage rate of the reservoir, wherein E, P, D is obtained by model calculation.
The coupling of the reservoir group parameterization scheme and the atmospheric hydrological model comprises the following steps:
i) performing surface water coupling by using a two-dimensional diffusion wave equation:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
fw＝fr+fb
in the above two formulas, dx and dy are respectively the length and width of the model grid, V is the surface water quantity of the grid, L is the length of the grid, h is the water surface elevation, Δ h is the elevation change caused by the reservoir, A is the area of the grid, fwIs the surface area of the grid, frIs the water surface area of reservoir, fbThe river surface area is shown, R is the grid runoff yield, and C represents the interaction process of the earth surface including the reservoir and the underground water;
ii) ground water coupling using the two-dimensional Blcinisek equation:
in the above formula, VgThe thickness of grid underground water, K is a coefficient, h is an underground water surface elevation, I is a soil infiltration rate, and D is a reservoir infiltration rate;
iii) coupling of atmospheric water by evapotranspiration:
ΔET＝(PET-ET)·fr
in the above formula, ET is evapotranspiration rate, Δ ET is evapotranspiration rate change amount, and PET is potential evapotranspiration rate;
iv) coupling in terms of energy balance by albedo, latent heat flux, etc.:
ΔRn＝-Δα·Q
ΔH+ΔG＝ΔRn-ΔLE
in the above formula,. DELTA.RnThe change quantity of the net ground radiation is Q, the total ground radiation is Delta alpha, the change quantity of the ground albedo is Delta H, Delta G and Delta LE are the change quantities of sensible heat flux, soil heat flux and latent heat flux respectively.
Has the advantages that: the reservoir group parameterization method overcomes the problem that the parameterization scheme of the existing reservoir group is too simple, overcomes the defect that the existing regional atmospheric hydrological model cannot depict the reservoir group atmospheric hydrological effect, is used for quantifying the regional atmospheric hydrological process under the influence of the reservoir group and revealing the evolution rule thereof, and enriches and perfects the theoretical system of reservoir group regulation and regional atmospheric hydrological cycle response. From the practical application perspective, the method has the capability of improving the weather and hydrologic forecasting precision from the physical mechanism, can be used for river basin hydrologic forecasting to enable the operation and scheduling of the reservoir to be more accurate on one hand, and can be applied to the field of water resource management on the other hand, so that the development and utilization of river basin water resources under the climate change background have better prospect and profitability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an atmospheric hydrological model of a coupled reservoir group parameterization scheme according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the construction and coupling process of the reservoir group parameterization scheme of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following figures and specific examples, which are to be understood as illustrative only and not as limiting the scope of the invention, which is to be given the full breadth of the appended claims and any and all equivalent modifications thereof which may occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the present specification.
In this embodiment, taking the large-scale reservoir at 25, the medium-scale reservoir at 234 and the small-scale reservoir at 1114 in the Poyang lake basin as examples, a method for constructing a parameterization scheme of a reservoir group in an area atmospheric hydrological model is provided, as shown in FIG. 2, including the following steps:
1) and collecting basic data of the large-scale reservoir in the 25 seats and the medium-scale reservoir in the 234 seats of the Poyang lake basin, including the storage capacity, the average runoff for many years and the characteristic water level, and using the basic data for constructing a parameterization scheme.
2) Since only 177 seats of the 1114 small reservoir were known for location and storage capacity. Therefore, in order to calculate the storage capacity of the rest 937 small-sized reservoirs, remote sensing images of the Poyang lake basin in the flood season need to be collected, the water surface areas of all 1114 reservoirs are extracted by utilizing a multi-band spectrum correlation method based on a threshold value, namely a certain threshold value T is selected through the correlation relationship among the wave bands of the remote sensing images, and the water body is obtained by meeting the following formula:
(TM2+TM3)-(TM4+TM5)>T (1)
in the above formula, TM2, TM3, TM4, and TM5 are gray scale values of bands 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively; t is a threshold value selected through experiments, and the value of T is 400 through comparison experiments and past experiences.
The water surface area is assumed to be the water surface area when the reservoir is full. On the other hand, a terrain standard deviation data matrix of a drainage basin range is extracted from a digital elevation model (STRM DEM) of a space shuttle radar terrain mapping task, and the position of the reservoir is superposed on the matrix, so that the terrain standard deviation of the reservoir site of 1114 seats can be obtained. Aiming at 177 reservoirs with known reservoir capacities, establishing a reservoir capacity-water surface area-terrain standard deviation multiple regression relation (R) by combining the obtained water surface area and terrain standard deviation20.8), the fitting result is:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
represents the library capacity fit value (m)3) X is the terrain standard deviation (m) and y is the water surface area (m)2). And aiming at the rest 937 small-sized reservoirs, the water surface area obtained by remote sensing and the terrain standard deviation obtained from the digital elevation model are substituted into the formula (2), so that the storage capacity of each reservoir can be estimated and used for constructing a parameterization scheme.
3) Assuming that the reservoir is an inverted triangular prism, the relation between the reservoir water storage capacity and the water surface area can be expressed by a triangular prism volume formula, namely:
wherein V is reservoir water storage capacity, frThe area of the water surface of the reservoir is shown as a undetermined coefficient. The water surface area of the small reservoir can be obtained by using the remote sensing image in the step 2), namely f in the formula (3)r. The storage capacity of the reservoir, namely the water storage capacity V of the reservoir in the formula (3), is calculated by the formula (2). Therefore, the undetermined coefficient a of 1114 small reservoirs can be fitted according to the formula (3). Thereby obtaining a curve of reservoir water storage capacity-water surface area for constructing a parameterization scheme.
4) Aiming at 259 medium and large reservoirs and 1114 small reservoirs, dividing reservoir capacity into a plurality of sub-capacity according to characteristic water level, constructing a conceptual reservoir dispatching rule based on the characteristic capacity, and establishing a reservoir water balance equation, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
i) and determining the dispatching target of the large and medium reservoir under different water levels according to the three characteristic water levels (the dead water level, the prosperity water level and the flood control high water level). When the water level of the reservoir exceeds a certain characteristic water level, different dispatching rules are adopted for the reservoir. The specific formula is as follows:
wherein Q istFor reservoir discharge, U is human water demand, QdmaxFor downstream safety discharge, VtFor the current reservoir water storage capacity, Vd、Vc、VfThe water storage amounts corresponding to the dead water level, the prosperous water level and the flood control high water level respectively, k is the ratio of inflow to downstream safe discharge, r is a coefficient, and t is time.
ii) determining the dispatching targets of the small reservoirs under different water levels according to the two characteristic water levels (dead water level and prosperous water level), and adopting different dispatching rules for the reservoirs when the water level of the reservoirs exceeds a certain characteristic water level, wherein the dispatching rules are specifically shown as the following formula:
wherein Q istFor reservoir discharge, U is human water demand, VtFor the current reservoir water storage capacity, Vd、VcThe water storage amounts corresponding to the dead water level and the prosperous water level respectively can be determined by local water conservancy general survey bulletins, 20 percent and 65 percent of the storage capacity are taken in the example respectively, and r is a coefficient.
iii) establishing a reservoir water balance equation according to the water balance relation:
Vt＝Vt-1+Δt·(Qin-Qout-At·E+At·P-At·D) (6)
wherein, VtAnd Vt-1The water storage capacity of the reservoir in the current period and the previous period respectively, delta t is the calculation step length, QoutAnd QinRespectively reservoir outflow and inflow, AtAnd E is the area of the reservoir in the current time period, P is the evaporation rate of the reservoir, P is the surface precipitation rate of the reservoir, and D is the seepage rate of the reservoir, wherein E, P, D is obtained by model calculation.
5) And preliminarily placing all the reservoirs in grids corresponding to the actual geographic positions of the reservoirs. Aiming at 259 medium and large-sized reservoirs with annual average runoff data, the annual average runoff of the grid obtained by model simulation is compared with the actual annual average runoff, if the annual average runoff and the actual annual average runoff are different greatly, the position of the reservoir is adjusted until the difference between the annual average runoff and the actual annual average runoff is within an acceptable range, and the range is +/-5% of the annual average runoff in the embodiment. For the reservoir without actual annual average runoff data (namely 1114 small-sized reservoirs in the example), the adjustment coefficient is assumed to be the average value of the adjustment coefficients of nearby reservoirs with data, so as to estimate the annual average runoff and the actual inflow at any time, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein Q isinFor reservoir inflow without data at a certain time, VgIs a reservoir capacity without data, RgFor the average runoff of the grid over years, RmAnd VmMean values of mean runoff and storage capacity over years, Q, of nearby reservoirs with datagIs the grid traffic at a certain time.
6) According to the water balance and hydrodynamic relation at the coupling node of the reservoir parameterization scheme and the atmospheric hydrological model, the reservoir group parameterization scheme is coupled with the atmospheric hydrological model from the four aspects of surface water, underground water, atmospheric water and energy balance, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
i) performing surface water coupling by using a two-dimensional diffusion wave equation:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
fw＝fr+fb (9)
in the above two formulas, dx and dy are respectively the length and width of the model grid, V is the surface water quantity of the grid, L is the length of the grid, h is the water surface elevation, Δ h is the elevation change caused by the reservoir, A is the area of the grid, fwIs the surface area of the grid, frIs the water surface area of reservoir, fbThe river surface area is shown as R, the grid runoff yield is shown as C, and the interaction process of the earth surface including the reservoir and the underground water is shown as C.
ii) groundwater coupling using the two-dimensional Businesque (Boussinesq) equation:
in the above formula, VgThe thickness of the grid underground water, K is a coefficient, h is the elevation of the underground water surface, I is the soil infiltration rate, and D is the reservoir infiltration rate.
iii) coupling of atmospheric water by evapotranspiration:
ΔET＝(PET-ET)·fr (11)
in the formula, ET is evapotranspiration rate, Delta ET is evapotranspiration rate change quantity, and PET is potential evapotranspiration rate.
iv) coupling in terms of energy balance by albedo, latent heat flux, etc.:
ΔRn＝-Δα·Q (12)
ΔH+ΔG＝ΔRn-ΔLE (13)
in the formula,. DELTA.RnThe change quantity of the net ground radiation is Q, the total ground radiation is Delta alpha, the change quantity of the ground albedo is Delta H, Delta G and Delta LE are the change quantities of sensible heat flux, soil heat flux and latent heat flux respectively.
Claims (5)
1. A method for constructing a reservoir group parameterization scheme in a regional atmosphere hydrological model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
collecting hydrological data of large and medium-sized reservoirs;
estimating the storage capacity of the small reservoir;
constructing the relation between the reservoir water storage capacity and the area;
constructing reservoir dispatching rules;
constructing a topological relation between the reservoir and the river network;
coupling a reservoir group parameterization scheme with an atmospheric hydrological model; the coupling of the reservoir group parameterization scheme and the atmospheric hydrological model comprises the following steps:
i) performing surface water coupling by using a two-dimensional diffusion wave equation:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
fw＝fr+fb
in the above two formulas, dx and dy are respectively the length and width of the model grid, V is the surface water quantity of the grid, L is the length of the grid, h is the water surface elevation, Δ h is the elevation change caused by the reservoir, A is the area of the grid, fwIs the surface area of the grid, frIs the water surface area of reservoir, fbThe river surface area is shown, R is the grid runoff yield, and C represents the interaction process of the earth surface including the reservoir and the underground water;
ii) ground water coupling using the two-dimensional Blcinisek equation:
in the above formula, VgThe thickness of grid underground water, K is a coefficient, h is an underground water surface elevation, I is a soil infiltration rate, and D is a reservoir infiltration rate;
iii) coupling of atmospheric water by evapotranspiration:
ΔET＝(PET-ET)·fr
in the above formula, ET is evapotranspiration rate, Δ ET is evapotranspiration rate change amount, and PET is potential evapotranspiration rate;
iv) coupling in terms of energy balance by albedo, latent heat flux, etc.:
ΔRn＝-Δα·Q
ΔH+ΔG＝ΔRn-ΔLE
in the above formula,. DELTA.RnThe change quantity of the net ground radiation is Q, the total ground radiation is Delta alpha, the change quantity of the ground albedo is Delta H, Delta G and Delta LE are the change quantities of sensible heat flux, soil heat flux and latent heat flux respectively.
2. The method for constructing the parameterization scheme of the reservoir group in the regional atmospheric hydrological model according to claim 1, wherein the hydrological data comprise reservoir capacity and average runoff over many years.
3. The method for constructing the reservoir group parameterization scheme in the regional atmosphere hydrological model according to claim 1, wherein the relation between the reservoir water storage capacity and the area is as follows:
wherein V is reservoir water storage capacity, frThe area of the water surface of the reservoir is shown as a undetermined coefficient.
4. The method for constructing the reservoir group parameterization scheme in the regional atmosphere hydrological model according to claim 1, wherein the step of constructing the reservoir dispatching rule comprises the following steps of:
i) determining scheduling targets of large and medium-sized reservoirs under different water levels according to three characteristic water levels, namely a dead water level, a prosperity water level and a flood control high water level, and adopting different scheduling rules for the reservoirs when the water level of the reservoirs exceeds a certain characteristic water level, wherein the scheduling rules are specifically shown as the following formula:
wherein Q istFor reservoir discharge, U is human water demand, QdmaxFor downstream safety discharge, VtFor the current reservoir water storage capacity, Vd、Vc、VfThe water storage amounts corresponding to a dead water level, a prosperous water level and a flood control high water level respectively, s is a ratio of inflow to downstream safe discharge, r is a coefficient, and t is time;
ii) determining the dispatching targets of the small-sized reservoirs under different water levels according to two characteristic water levels, namely a dead water level and a prosperous water level, and adopting different dispatching rules for the reservoirs when the water level of the reservoirs exceeds a certain characteristic water level, wherein the dispatching rules are specifically shown as the following formula:
wherein Q istFor reservoir discharge, U is human water demand, VtFor the current reservoir water storage capacity, Vd、VcThe water storage amounts corresponding to the dead water level and the Xingli water level respectively can be determined by local water conservancy general survey bulletins, in the example, 20 percent and 65 percent of the storage capacity are taken respectively, and r is a coefficient;
iii) establishing a reservoir water balance equation according to the water balance relation:
Vt＝Vt-1+Δt·(Qin-Qout-At·E+At·P-At·D)
wherein, VtAnd Vt-1The water storage capacity of the reservoir in the current period and the previous period respectively, delta t is the calculation step length, QoutAnd QinRespectively reservoir outflow and inflow, AtAnd E is the area of the reservoir in the current time period, P is the evaporation rate of the reservoir, P is the surface precipitation rate of the reservoir, and D is the seepage rate of the reservoir, wherein E, P, D is obtained by model calculation.
5. The method for constructing the reservoir group parameterization scheme in the regional atmosphere hydrological model according to claim 1, wherein the topological relation between the reservoir and the river network is as follows:
wherein Q isinFor reservoir inflow without data at a certain time, VgIs a reservoir capacity without data, RgFor the average runoff of the grid over years, RmAnd VmAverage runoff and average storage capacity of a nearby reservoir with dataValue, QgIs the grid traffic at a certain time.
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