CN110531807A - A kind of greenhouse multiple-factor coordination multi objective control method - Google Patents

A kind of greenhouse multiple-factor coordination multi objective control method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110531807A
CN110531807A CN201910729527.0A CN201910729527A CN110531807A CN 110531807 A CN110531807 A CN 110531807A CN 201910729527 A CN201910729527 A CN 201910729527A CN 110531807 A CN110531807 A CN 110531807A
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temperature
greenhouse
control method
illumination
outdoor
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CN110531807B (en
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徐立鸿
蔚瑞华
陈示捷
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Tongji University
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Tongji University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/14—Greenhouses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D27/00—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00
    • G05D27/02—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00 characterised by the use of electric means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Greenhouses (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of greenhouse multiple-factors to coordinate multi objective control method, comprising the following steps: 1) qualitative building greenhouse multiple-factor coordinates multi objective control model；2) independent control mode is set separately to the executing agency in greenhouse, each executing agency is controlled using the main environment factor as threshold value, secondary environmental factor carries out auxiliary amendment to threshold value, realizes the environmental Kuznets Curves in greenhouse.Compared with prior art, the present invention has many advantages, such as to consider that multiple-factor couples, applicability is relatively wide, logic is simply easily achieved.

Description

A kind of greenhouse multiple-factor coordination multi objective control method
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural facility environment controlling technique fields, coordinate more particularly, to a kind of greenhouse multiple-factor more Target Control Method.
Background technique
Greenhouse flower is the necessary part in modern greenhouse production process, the inspection of modern greenhouse computer system scene It surveys, storage greenhouse internal and external environment real time data (temperature, humidity, illumination, wind speed etc.), passes through green house control method, scene regulation The indoor executing agency of temperature (heating mechanism, sunshade net, skylight, side window, heat preservation net, wet curtain fan etc.), realizes to inside greenhouse The suitable growing environment of crop is built in the control of miniclimate.To reduce human cost, the output and quality of crop is improved.Its In, to realize greenhouse automation control, core is control method.
The agricultural in Chinese countryside, especially city is to automation demanding height.People in the countryside are constantly reduced, the labor being engaged in agriculture Power is also reducing, and peasant's overall qualities slowly improve.Meanwhile external automated greenhouse controls cost and operating cost To carry out, this proposes requirement to the green house control core technology of production domesticization for height, maintenance work delay, complicated difficult.Meanwhile greenhouse Hardware facility is constantly progressive in recent years, and Chinese market proposes more demands to high-end glasshouse, and temperature is indoor Executing agency is also gradually diversified.
A kind of domestic general greenhouse automatic mechanism control method is artificial given threshold form, such as temperature threshold, from And determine the action state of corresponding executing agency.Such control method seems simply, but greenhouse state is serious Coupling, and an executing agency can generate two-way influence to temperature, humidity simultaneously, and will appear more executing agencies Collision problem.In the green house control method of the greenhouse control system of the industrialized agricultures developed countries such as comparison Holland, Israel, gap Obviously, especially in terms of the automation of the design of glasshouse and control.
Therefore, between the status and production requirement in domestic greenhouse, consider the model mechanism of greenhouse and executing agency, ginseng Examine the experience of facilities horticulture, with practical for target, need to provide it is a kind of be suitable for current hothouse production environment multiple-factor coordinate control Method processed.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and provide a kind of greenhouse mostly because Son coordinates multi objective control method.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of greenhouse multiple-factor coordination multi objective control method, comprising the following steps:
1) qualitative building greenhouse multiple-factor coordinates multi objective control model；
2) independent control mode is set separately to the executing agency in greenhouse, to each executing agency with the main environment factor It is controlled as threshold value, secondary environmental factor carries out auxiliary amendment to threshold value, realizes the environmental Kuznets Curves in greenhouse.
In the step 1), greenhouse multiple-factor coordinates the expression formula of multi objective control model are as follows:
T (mt, mh, mr, mp)=α F (Tset, Hset, Rset, Pset)
+β·G(tin, hin, rin, pin)+γ·H(tout, hout, rout, pout, Wrain, Fv, Fd)
Wherein, T indicates the executing agency's action rules used, including following parameter:
Mt is room temperature, and mh is indoor humidity, and mr is indoor illumination, and mp is interior CO2Concentration；
F is the function of artificial setting greenhouse flower target component, including following parameter:
TsetFor the desired temperature of day part, HsetFor humidity set point, RsetFor illumination setting value, PsetFor CO2Concentration Setting value；
G is the function of indoor environment state, including following parameter:
tinFor room temperature, hinFor indoor humidity, rinFor indoor illumination, pinFor indoor CO2Concentration；
H is the function of outdoor environment interference, including following parameter:
toutFor outdoor temperature, houtFor outside humidity, routFor outdoor intensity of illumination, poutFor outdoor CO2Concentration, WrainFor Outdoor rainfall, Fv are outdoor wind speed, and Fd is outdoor wind direction；
α, beta, gamma are corresponding weight.
In the step 2), executing agency includes heating device, skylight, side window, wet curtain fan, spraying, sunshade net, interior Keep the temperature net, CO2Fertilizer apparatus and/or LED light supplement lamp.
In the step 2), the control method of heating device specifically:
11) one day time is divided into N number of section, sets the initial heating temperature Ht in each sectioni(0≤i < N)；
12) heating temperature Ht=Ht is corrected according to impact factori+ΔHtHum+ΔHtRad+ΔHtRadSum+ΔHtTOut, In, indoor humidity corrects Δ HtHum, instantaneous illumination correct Δ HtRad, accumulation illumination correct Δ HtRadSum, outdoor temperature correct Δ HtTOutGeneral formula are as follows:
X=Hum, Rad, RadSum or TOut
Wherein,Respectively Δ HtxUpper lower limit value, XHigh、XLowRespectively independent variable x value Range, A and B are respectively constant；
13) heating temperature bound Ht- δ is determinedL、Ht+δH；
14) as room temperature tin< Ht- δLWhen, t is worked as in heating device startingin> Ht+ δHWhen, heating device is closed, and t is worked asin ∈[Ht-δL, Ht+ δH] when, heating device state remains unchanged.
In the step 2), the control method of skylight and side window specifically:
21) one day time is divided into N number of section, and sets the initial ventilation temperature Vt in each sectioni(0≤i < N)；
22) ventilation temperature is corrected according to impact factor, then had:
Vt=Vti+ΔVtRad+ΔVtRadSum+ΔVtHum
Wherein, Δ VtRadFor instantaneous illumination amendment, Δ VtRadSumFor accumulation illumination amendment, Δ VtHumIt is repaired for indoor humidity Just；
23) according to setting initial temperature band Tb0, outdoor temperature Δ TbTOutWith outdoor wind speed Δ TbWindCorrected Calculation temperature band Tb, then have:
Tb=Tb0+ΔTbTOut+ΔTbWind；
24) according to temperature band Tb, revised ventilation temperature Vt and room temperature tIn,Calculate skylight aperture Uroof, then have:
When greenhouse is the greenhouse of north and south skylight, then obtained according to wind direction by wind aperture ULeeAperture U windwardWind, to repair Ventilation temperature Vt after just and the delay temperature of setting calculate side window aperture Uside, then have:
Wherein, TsideTo make side window be later than skylight opener's work setting value.
In the step 2), the control method of wet curtain fan specifically:
31) period that setting wet curtain fan allows to start；
32) according to desired temperature TfanWith temperature band Tb, calculate power of fan Ufan, then have:
Wherein, TfanTo make forced ventilation be later than skylight side window opener's work setting value, tinFor room temperature；
33) according to indoor humidity hinWith setting humidity threshold Hset, judge whether wet curtain opens, in UFanUnder the premise of > 0, Work as hin< HsetWhen-δ, wet curtain allows to open, and works as hin> HsetWhen+δ, wet curtain is forcibly closed.
In the step 2), spraying control method specifically:
41) setting allows the period started by spraying；
42) humidity bound H is setMist+δhAnd MMist-δl, as indoor humidity hin> HMist+δhWhen, then it closes by spraying, when hin< HMist-δlWhen, then it opens by spraying；
43) according to room temperature tin, preference temperature bound TMistHAnd TMistL, correct spraying power Umist, then have:
Umist=ctem·Umist0
Wherein, ctemFor room temperature correction function, Umist0For spraying power initial value.
In the step 2), the control method of sunshade net specifically:
51) period that setting sunshade net allows to start；
52) illumination threshold value bound RL is setcurAnd RHcur；
53) Δ R is corrected according to room temperaturetCorrect illumination threshold value bound RLcur+ΔRtAnd RHcur+ΔRt；
54) when outdoor optical shines rsun< RLcur+ΔRtWhen, sunshade net is turned up, when outdoor optical shines rsun> RHcur+ΔRtWhen, it hides Screened postive expansion.
In the step 2), CO2The control method of fertilizer apparatus specifically:
61) when skylight, side window, wet curtain fan are opened, then CO2Fertilizer apparatus is closed；
62) initial CO is set2Threshold value P0；
63) according to CO2The PAR fair curve and temperature correction curve of threshold value, obtain revised CO2Threshold value Pco2=P0+ ΔPPAR+ΔPtem, wherein Δ PPARFor PAR amendment, Δ PtemFor temperature adjustmemt；
64) work as CO2Concentration pco2Less than lower limit value Pco2-ΔδLWhen, CO2Fertilizer apparatus is opened, and p is worked asco2Greater than upper limit value Pco2 +ΔδhWhen, CO2Fertilizer apparatus is closed.
In the step 2), the condition that inside holding net is opened includes:
Illumination condition: rsun< RcurE, i.e., outdoor optical is according to rsunLower than setting illumination lower limit RcurE, indicate night；
Outdoor temperature condition: tout< TcurE, i.e. outdoor temperature toutLower than set temperature lower limit TcurE, indicate winter；
The control method of LED light supplement lamp specifically:
71) daily time interval is divided, and sets initial experience light filling threshold value R0；
72) according to CO2Concentration, room temperature and yesterday estimate electronics aggregate-value, correct light filling threshold value RLED=R0+ΔRCO2+ ΔRTem+ΔRDPI, wherein R0For initial light filling threshold value, Δ RCO2For CO2Concentration correction light filling threshold value, Δ RTemIt is repaired for room temperature Positive light filling threshold value, Δ RDPIAmendment for the accumulative electronics transfer amount of photosynthesis of plant to light filling threshold value；
73) as intensity of illumination RsunLess than lower limit RLED-ΔδLWhen, LED light supplement lamp is opened, R is worked assunGreater than upper limit RLED+Δδh When, close LED light supplement lamp.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages that
One, consider multiple-factor coupling: the present invention logically optimizes the threshold of existing most of domestic greenhouse control systems Value control, it is contemplated that multiple-factor coupling influence, realize the temperature humidity illumination of greenhouse coordinated control and illumination with CO2Coordinated control, since greenhouse is the object of a Multivariable Coupling, such as the coupling of temperature and humidity illumination, illumination effect plant is steamed The effect of rising, transpiration affect room temperature and humidity variation simultaneously, and there is also couplings for the indoor executing agency of temperature, such as day Window divulges information while influencing room temperature, humidity and CO2Concentration, it is seen then that greenhouse is a nonlinear time-varying, inertia lag, changeable The complex object of coupling is measured, this method takes some Experiences in conjunction with facilities horticulture, is changed and waits to Greenhouse System Effect processing, by problem reduction, the foundation simplified is exactly that warm indoor crops are insensitive for various parameters variation, thus control precision It is required that being controlled than general industry low.
Two, applicability is wider: each department greenhouse is broadly divided into basic, normal, high three kinds of different types, the first low side at present Plastic greenhouse, usually without heating equipment, CO2Increase has heating to hold mostly with light compensating lamp executing agency, middle-end attached-greenhouse Row mechanism, but there is no CO2It increases and light compensating lamp, and high-grade glass greenhouse includes the above all executing agencies enumerated, for The above different types of greenhouse because this method is independent control to each executing agency, be applicable in completely it is all not Same type greenhouse, for executing agency no in greenhouse, method of the invention can directly shield deletion, whole without influencing Control.
Three, logic is simply easily achieved: this method keeps simple control logic, can be good in embedded systems Operation, and set up the safeguard measure of control mechanism, actual most of greenhouses can be adapted to.Under practical greenhouse, The case where being not in executing agency's coupling conflict and executing agency's frequent movement.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is executing agency's algorithm overall design thinking figure, wherein figure (1a) is that the design of binary states executing agency algorithm is thought Road, figure (1b) are the mentality of designing of polymorphic executing agency's algorithm.
Fig. 2 is the coupling of each factor and executing agency's influence schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is heating temperature factor corrected Calculation schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the fixed case of outdoor temperature, illumination, illumination three factor pair heating temperatures of accumulation, wherein figure (4a) is room For interior humidity to the fixed case of heating temperature, figure (4b) is the fixed case of illumination to heating temperature, and figure (4c) is that illumination is accumulated to adding The fixed case of hot temperature, fixed case of figure (4d) the position outdoor temperature to heating temperature.
Fig. 5 is that ventilation temperature modifying factor calculates schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is to calculate temperature band schematic diagram according to outdoor temperature, wind speed, wherein figure (6a) is to be calculated according to outdoor temperature Temperature band schematic diagram, figure (6b) are to calculate temperature band schematic diagram according to wind speed.
Fig. 7 is that skylight aperture calculates schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is that skylight aperture in north and south calculates schematic diagram.
Fig. 9 is influence schematic diagram of the wind angle to north and south skylight hysteresis.
Figure 10 is to calculate side window aperture schematic diagram.
Figure 11 is indoor humidity, illumination, illumination three modified examples of factor pair ventilation temperature of accumulation, wherein figure (11a) It is indoor humidity to the fixed case of ventilation temperature, scheming (11b) is fixed case of the illumination to ventilation temperature, and it is tired for illumination to scheme (11c) Fixed case of the product to ventilation temperature.
Figure 12 is that the power of fan of wet curtain fan calculates schematic diagram.
Figure 13 is that room temperature influences spraying threshold value schematic diagram.
Figure 14 is that setting room temperature influences spraying threshold value schematic diagram.
Figure 15 is the outdoor temperature corrected Calculation schematic diagram of sunshade net illumination threshold value.
Figure 16 is inside holding net control flow chart.
Figure 17 is CO2 supplement amendment and PAR influence relation schematic diagram.
Figure 18 is that room temperature augments rate influence schematic diagram to CO2.
Figure 19 is that CO2 concentration and room temperature correct light filling intensity.
Figure 20 is PAR to photosynthesis electronics transfer rate relationship.
Figure 21 is influence amendment of the temperature to electronics transfer rate.
Figure 22 is that average DPI value influences current light filling amount.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment
The present invention sets out so that engineering is practical, provide it is a kind of be suitable for current hothouse production environmental harmony control method.Method Based on multiple-factor control method for coordinating, it is aided with weighted linear function to determine control means, formula is as follows:
T (mt, mh, mr, mp)=α F (Tset, Hset, Rset, Pset)+β·G(tin, hin, rin, pin)+γ·H(tout, hout, rout, pout, Wrain, Fv, Fd)
Since there are no an accurate mathematical models for current greenhouse.So the formula is qualitative mathematical description.Deng Formula left side T refers to the control action rule of executing agency, and the purpose that they are acted is to make greenhouse (include: interior Temperature mt, indoor humidity mh, indoor illumination intensity mr, interior CO2Concentration mp) reach target set point.And these control actions Rule is related to three categories index: F is the function for manually setting greenhouse flower target component, G as indoor environment state Function, the function that H is outdoor environment interference.Wherein manually setting greenhouse flower target component, the i.e. temperature of day part are set Definite value Tset, humidity set point Hset, illumination setting value Rset、CO2Concentration set point PsetAnd its dependent thresholds.Indoor environment state Variable includes: indoor temperature tin, humidity hin, illumination rinAnd CO2Concentration pin.Outdoor environment variable includes: outdoor temperature tout, humidity hout, intensity of illumination rout, outdoor CO2Concentration pout, rainfall Wrain, wind speed Fv, wind direction Fd.α, β, γ are corresponding power Value.
For executing agency, it is divided into 2 states (switch) and two kinds of polymorphic (power percentage control), their master-plan is thought Road is as shown in Figure 1, indoor and outdoor surroundings are modified threshold value and slope to influence the control of executing agency here.
As shown in Fig. 2, this method is to executing agency (heating system, skylight, side window, wet curtain fan, spray common in greenhouse Mist, sunshade net, CO2Fertilizing equipment, LED light supplement lamp) respectively specify that separate control logic, each executing agency with main environment because Son is controlled as threshold value, and secondary environmental factor carries out auxiliary amendment to threshold value to solve coupled problem.This method is applicable in Property is wider, is entirely that can fit because each executing agency of method is independent control for different types of greenhouse .For executing agency no in greenhouse, method can be shielded directly, not influence whole control.
The specific control mode of each executing agency is as follows:
Embodiment 1:
One, computer heating control:
1) one day time was divided N number of section, it is artificial to set initial heating temperature Hti[DEG C] (0≤i < N)；
2) heating temperature Ht=Ht is corrected according to impact factori+ΔHtHum+ΔHtRad+ΔHtRadSum+ΔHtTOut；
3) temperature threshold value bound Ht+ δh, Ht- δl；
4) as room temperature tin< Ht- δl, heating starting Uheat=100%.Work as tin> Ht+ δh, heating closing Uheat= 0%.Work as tin∈[Ht-δl, Ht+ δh], heating equipment state remains unchanged；
In the 2) step, indoor humidity corrects Δ HtHum, instantaneous illumination amendment Δ HtRad, accumulation illumination correct Δ HtRadSum, outdoor temperature correct Δ HtTOutCalculating all follow following formula.Corresponding independent variable x is respectively as follows: indoor relative humidity hin [%], illumination RSun[w/m2], accumulation illumination RSunSum[J/cm2], outdoor temperature tOut[℃]；
Artificial setting valueA、B、XLow、XHighAs shown in Figure 3.
By taking tomato as an example, the maximum temperature boundary in daytime is 35 DEG C, and suitable temperature is 18-25 DEG C, the lowest temperature in night Spending boundary is 5 DEG C, and preference temperature is 8-13 DEG C.The temperature value conduct that the median of plant growth preference temperature is on the lower side is taken in this example Heating temperature (is greater than useful lower temperature limits, be less than target temperature).Set one day five periods (6:00~10:00,10:00 ~14:00,14:00~18:00,18:00~24:00,24:00~6:00), the period corresponds to initial heating temperature are as follows: (18 ℃、23℃、21℃、15℃、14℃)。
As shown in fig. 4 a, it is assumed that, indoor relative humidity is 70% at this time.Humidity is excessively high, then needs suitably to be added in advance Heat, i.e. raising heating temperature.So Δ HtHum=3 DEG C.
Assuming that at this time the time belong to 18 points to 24 periods, then initial heating temperature HtiIt is 15 DEG C.Outdoor temperature is 20 DEG C, instantaneous 200 w/m of illumination2, accumulation illumination 0.2J/m since sunrise2.According to Fig. 4, heating temperature Ht=Ht is calculatedi+Δ HtHum+ΔHtrad+ΔHtradsum+ΔHttOut=15+3-0-0.5-3=14.5 DEG C.
Finally, setting δL=δH=1 DEG C (it is related to the efficiency of the capacity in greenhouse, heating equipment, it is recommended here that 1~3 DEG C), then heating bound temperature is 16.5 DEG C and 15.5 DEG C.If lower than 15.5 DEG C unlatching heating of room temperature, are higher than 16.5 DEG C Close heating.
Embodiment 2:
Two, skylight side window controls
1) one day time is divided N number of section, manually sets initial ventilation temperature Vti[DEG C] (0≤i < N)；
2) ventilation temperature Vt=Vt is corrected according to impact factori+ΔVtRad+ΔVtRadSum+ΔVtHum；
3) according to outdoor temperature amendment and outdoor wind speed corrected Calculation temperature band Tb=Tb0+ΔTbTOut+ΔTbWind；
4) according to temperature band TbWith ventilation temperature Vt and room temperature tin, calculate skylight aperture URoof[%]；
5) it if the greenhouse of north and south skylight, is calculated according to wind direction by wind and aperture U windwardLee、UWind；
6) side window aperture U is calculated with ventilation temperature Vt and the delay temperature of settingside[%].
To step 2) ventilation temperature impact factor, Δ Vt is corrected in instantaneous illuminationRad, accumulation illumination correct Δ VtRadSum, it is indoor Humidity corrects Δ VtHumCalculating all follow following formula, corresponding independent variable x is respectively as follows: illumination RRad[w/m2], accumulation illumination RRadSum[J/cm2], indoor relative humidity Hin[%], then have:
Wherein, artificial setting valueA、B、XLow、XHighAs shown in Figure 5.
For step 3), Tb=Tb0+ΔTbTOut+ΔTbWindIt calculates as shown in Figure 6.
For step 4), the process for calculating skylight aperture is as shown in Figure 7.As t≤Vt, Uroof=10%, it is carried out with this Breathing ventilation, as t >=Vt+Tb, Uroof=100%, as t ∈ (Vt, Vt+Tb), Uroof=(t-Vt)/Tb× 100%+10%.
For step 5), in the greenhouse for having north and south skylight, it is as shown in Figure 8 that north and south skylight aperture calculates step.
Hysteresis TlagCalculating process is as shown in figure 9, temperature band Tblee, TbwindIt calculates as shown in 3) step, but outdoor wind speed vwind=vw0·θ/90°。
For step 6), as shown in Figure 10, side window aperture is calculated, Vt is that step 2) calculates ventilation temperature, TbFor step 3) Calculate temperature band, TsideFor artificial setting value, it is therefore an objective to allow after side window and be opened in skylight, as t≤Vt+Tside, Uside=0%, when t≥Vt+Tside+Tb, Uside=100%, as t ∈ (Vt+Tside, Vt+Tside+Tb), Uside=(t-Vt-Tside)/Tb× 100%.
By taking tomato as an example, the maximum temperature boundary in daytime is 35 DEG C, and suitable temperature is 18-25 DEG C, the lowest temperature in night Spending boundary is 5 DEG C, and preference temperature is 8-13 DEG C.One day five period of setting (6:00~10:00,10:00~14:00,14: 00~18:00,18:00~24:00,24:00~6:00), the period between them corresponds to ventilation temperature initially set are as follows: (23℃,27℃,24℃,16℃,13℃).Assuming that at this time in 14:00 to 18:00 period, then initial ventilation temperature Vti=24 ℃。
It is as shown in figure 11 that impact factor corrects ventilation temperature, it is assumed that illumination R at this timeSun=500 [w/m2], accumulation illumination RSunSum=0.2 [J/m2], indoor relative humidity Hin=60 [%].Then Vt=Vti+ΔVtRad+ΔVtRadSum+ΔVtHum=24- 2-0.5+0=21.5 DEG C.
Then temperature band T is calculatedb, according to step 3), it is assumed that setting Tb0=1 DEG C, the poor t of room temperature and outdoor temperaturein- tout=10 DEG C, outdoor wind speed vwind=1m/s, then Tb=Tb0+ΔTbTOut+ΔTbWind=1+3+0=3 DEG C.Assuming that room temperature tin=22 DEG C of ∈ (Vt, Vt+Tb), then Uroof=(tin-Vt)/Tb× 100%=(22-21.5)/4=12.5%.
Set side window delay temperature Tside=5 DEG C, room temperature tin=22 DEG C of < Vt+Tside=21.5+5=26.5 DEG C, Then Uside=0%.
Embodiment 3
Three, wet curtain fan controls
1) period (such as: 9:00-16:00) that setting wet curtain fan allows to start；
2) according to wet curtain fan desired temperature Tfan, temperature band Tb, calculate power of fan UFan。
In step 2), calculating power of fan is as shown in figure 12, TbFor the temperature band that step 3) calculates, TfanManually to set Value, it is proposed that be set as the upper limit (such as T of the preference temperature of plant growthfan=31 DEG C), as t≤Tfan, Ufan=0%, as t >=Tfan +Tb, Ufan=100%, as t ∈ (Tfan, Tfan+Tb), Ufan=(t-Tfan)/Tb× 100%.Further according to indoor humidity hinAnd setting Humidity threshold Hset, judge whether wet curtain can open, in UFanUnder the premise of > 0, work as hin< HsetWhen-δ, then wet curtain allows to beat It opens, works as hin> HsetWhen+δ, then wet curtain forcibly closes.
Assuming that temperature band Tb=0.5 DEG C, set blower delay temperature Tfan=31 DEG C.If current indoor temperature tin=32 ℃≥Tfan+Tb=31.5 DEG C, then Ufan=100%, blower, which is opened, carries out forced ventilation cooling.
Embodiment 4
Four, spraying control
Play the role of significantly cooling down and humidifying by spraying, the specific steps are as follows:
1) setting allows the period (such as: 9:00-16:00) started by spraying；
2) the bound H of spraying start and stop humidity is setMist+δh, HMist-δl.Work as hin> HMist+δh, Umist0=0%.Work as hin < HMist-δl, Umist0=100%；
3) according to room temperature tin, preference temperature bound TMistH, TMistL, correct spraying power Umist=ctem· Umist0。ctemCalculating it is as shown in figure 13.
By taking tomato as an example, minimum relative humidity substantially 40%~50%.Set spraying humidity threshold HMist=50%, Humidity bound δh=δl=10% humidity is limited to 40%, 60% up and down.As indoor humidity hin> HMist+δh=60%, Umist0= 100%.Set temperature impact factor is as shown in figure 14, if room temperature tin=30 DEG C, then chum=100%.Umist=chum· Umist0=100%.
Embodiment 5
Five, sunshade net controls
1) period (such as: 6:00-17:00) that setting sunshade net allows to start；
2) illumination threshold value bound RL is setcur、RHcur；
3) according to room temperature tinCorrect illumination threshold value RLcur+ΔRt、RHcur+ΔRt；
4) work as rsun< RLcur+ΔRt, Ucur=0%.Work as rsun> RHcur+ΔRt, Ucur=100%.
Threshold value: Seedling Stage 200W/m is protected for the illumination of tomato2, growth period 300W/m2, fruiting period 800W/m2.We set Determine illumination threshold value bound RLcur=300W/m2, RHcur=400W/m2.Wherein outdoor temperature corrects Δ RtIt calculates such as Figure 15 institute Show.Assuming that current tin=20 DEG C, then Δ Rt=30W/m2.So working as rsun< 300+20, Ucur=0%.Work as rsun> 400+20, Ucur=100%.
Embodiment 6
Six, inside holding network control system
It keeps the temperature net and is used for indoor heat insulating, save heating energy consumption in winter nights opening.Heat preservation net reduces warm room air Temperature radiates to top of greenhouse air, but can reduce illumination bring thermal energy.When solar irradiation can not provide enough energy, And outdoor temperature it is low in the case where need to open heat preservation net.
Inside holding net overall control flow such as Figure 16.Wherein, each condition are as follows:
1) time conditions: the period (such as: 17:00-06:00) that setting heat preservation net allows to start；
2) illumination condition: rsun< RcurE, outdoor optical, which shines, is lower than setting illumination lower limit, indicates night；
3) outdoor temperature condition: tout< TcurE, outdoor temperature is lower than set temperature lower limit, expression winter.
Implementation example:
Set RcurE=10w/m2, TcurE=10 DEG C, as entrance winter nights 18:00, outdoor temperature tout=5 DEG C of < 10 DEG C, rsun=0w/m2< 10w/m2, then net starting U is kept the temperaturecurE=100%.
Embodiment 7
Seven, CO2Supplement control
If 1) skylight side window, wet curtain fan are opened,
2) initial CO2 threshold value P is set0；
3) the PAR fair curve and temperature correction curve of CO2 threshold value, correction threshold are set
4) whenThen start CO2 supplementWhen
Implementation example:
As shown in figure 17, PAR and CO is set2Augment threshold value amendment segmented line (200,20), (400,30), (600,36), (800,40), (1000,36).If at this point, interior Net long wave radiation PAR=400umol s-1m-2.Then Δ PPAR=30ppm.So, Threshold value Pco2It is suitably improved, this allows CO2Ancillary equipment is opened earlier, to meet the quantity of illumination of current PAR.
Set temperature influences coefficient delta PtemWith room temperature influence situation, (15,7.5), (25,10), (35,7.5), if Room temperature is 25 DEG C at this time, Δ Ptem=10ppm.
If setting P0=300ppm.Then If current greenhouse pco2=320ppm sets Δ δL=10ppm,Then open CO2Equipment
Embodiment 8
Eight, light filling controls
1) the daily time is divided, initial experience light filling threshold value R is set separately0；
2) according to CO2Concentration, room temperature and yesterday estimate electronics aggregate-value DPIy, correct light filling intensity of illumination
3) work as Rsun< RLED-ΔδL, ULED=100%.Work as Rsun> RLED+Δδh, ULED=0%.
Implementation example:
Divide one day period (6:00~10:00,10:00~14:00,14:00~18:00,18:00~24:00, 24:00~6:00) light filling setting value is respectively corresponded as (100w/m2, 300w/m2, 200w/m2, 0w/m2, 0w/m2)；
Set CO2Concentration and room temperature amendment light filling intensity curve are as shown in figure 19, it is assumed that CO2ConcentrationT=25 DEG C of room temperature, then Δ RCO2=30w/m2, Δ RTem=10w/m2。
By qualitative analysis, simplifies the calculating of electron transfer rate here, carry out rough estimate DPI (daily Electronics transfer cumulant of the reaction product of photochemical integral light reaction at one day) value, then have:
Wherein,WithCalculating by artificial experience set, as shown in figs 20 and 21.
N days in the past average DPI estimated values of record, are denoted asIt calculates as follows.
Then, it is set by experience and maintains a reasonable assimilation quantity.IfIt is excessively high, then it can suitably lower at present Light filling amount, ifIt is too low, then it should properly increase current light filling amount.Such as the amendment Δ R of the following figureDPI.If setting DPI_L =4000, DPI_H=6000, Max_R=100, Min_R=-100, andThen calculate Δ RDPI=f (DPIx)=f (5200)=- 20w/m2。
Set period R0=400w/m2, then light filling threshold value R is calculatedLED=R0+ΔRCO2+ΔRTem+ΔRDPI=400+30+ 10-20=420w/m2, it is lower than 420w/m when outdoor optical shines2, that is, carry out light filling.
Nine, anomalous weather
In anomalous weather, greenhouse needs to carry out protection act.Here anomalous weather refers to: strong wind, heavy rain. Rule of judgment is strong wind: F > Fv (10-12m/s), F are outdoor measuring wind speed value, heavy rain: r > Rrain.In strong wind or moderate rain Weather, individual executing agencies, which need to forcibly close, to be protected, as shown in table 1.
1 anomalous weather executing agency action schedule of table
Executing agency Strong wind Heavy rain
Skylight It closes It closes
Side window It closes It closes
External sunshade net It closes It closes
Wet curtain fan It closes -
Ten, executing agency's linkage protection
There is the case where conflict in executing agency, this is after executing agency acts and all calculates when concurrent activity It is uniformly processed, conflict situations and successively processing mode is as follows:
If wet curtain fan is opened: skylight side window is closed, CO2Supplement is closed；
If side window is opened: CO2Supplement is closed；
If CO2 supplement is opened: skylight at most opens 50%；
If spraying open: inside holding collapses.
11, other
1) control step
This method recycles execution in Greenhouse automatic control system, such as provides that operation in every 15 minutes is primary.
2) delay control
When threshold value control, when environmental variance frequently changes in Near Threshold, then the movement of executing agency will frequency Numerous variation, this is unfavorable to executing agency's service life in greenhouse, and is not suitable for the greenhouse flower of long time delay.It provides as downward The method controlled late protects executing agency to frequently switch on, in each secondary control step, if environmental variance x is more than threshold Xset, no Executing agency U should be opened immediately, needed to count c and reached certain accumulated value Cnt and be then turned on U.Once and x is lower than threshold Xset, c's Accumulated value clear 0, counts again.
3) divide shift control
Executing agency's state that method obtains is mostly percentage control, but the executing agency in currently practical greenhouse much reaches Less than requiring, equally also without necessarily achieving precision high in this way, following table gives the suggestion of stepping.
2 executing agency of table divides shift control setting table
1st grade 2nd grade 3rd grade 4th grade
Skylight % [0,10) [10,50) [50,75) [75,100]
Side window % [0,25) [25,75) [75,100]
Spraying % [0,50) [50,100]
Wet curtain fan % [0,50) [50,100]
The above control method main contents of the present invention, this method logically optimize existing most of domestic green house controls The threshold value of system controls, and joined the influence of factor coupling, can good operation in embedded systems, it is contemplated that control mechanism Safeguard measure, actual most of greenhouses can be adapted to.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of greenhouse multiple-factor coordinates multi objective control method, which comprises the following steps:
1) qualitative building greenhouse multiple-factor coordinates multi objective control model；
2) independent control mode is set separately to the executing agency in greenhouse, to each executing agency using the main environment factor as Threshold value is controlled, and secondary environmental factor carries out auxiliary amendment to threshold value, realizes the environmental Kuznets Curves in greenhouse.
2. a kind of greenhouse multiple-factor according to claim 1 coordinates multi objective control method, which is characterized in that described Step 1) in, greenhouse multiple-factor coordinate multi objective control model expression formula are as follows:
T (mt, mh, mr, mp)=α F (Tset, Hset, Rset, Pset)+β·G(tin, hin, rin, pin)+γ·H(tout, hout, rout, pout, Wrain, Fv, Fd)
Wherein, T indicates the executing agency's action rules used, including following parameter:
Mt is room temperature, and mh is indoor humidity, and mr is indoor illumination, and mp is interior CO2Concentration；
F is the function of artificial setting greenhouse flower target component, including following parameter:
TsetFor the desired temperature of day part, HsetFor humidity set point, RsetFor illumination setting value, PsetFor CO2Concentration setting Value；
G is the function of indoor environment state, including following parameter:
tinFor room temperature, hinFor indoor humidity, rinFor indoor illumination, pinFor indoor CO2Concentration；
H is the function of outdoor environment interference, including following parameter:
toutFor outdoor temperature, houtFor outside humidity, routFor outdoor intensity of illumination, poutFor outdoor CO2Concentration, WrainFor outdoor Rainfall, Fv are outdoor wind speed, and Fd is outdoor wind direction；
α, beta, gamma are corresponding weight.
3. a kind of greenhouse multiple-factor according to claim 1 coordinates multi objective control method, which is characterized in that described Step 2) in, executing agency includes heating device, skylight, side window, wet curtain fan, spraying, sunshade net, inside holding net, CO2It applies Fertile device and/or LED light supplement lamp.
4. a kind of greenhouse multiple-factor according to claim 3 coordinates multi objective control method, which is characterized in that described Step 2) in, the control method of heating device specifically:
11) one day time is divided into N number of section, sets the initial heating temperature Ht in each sectioni(0≤i < N)；
12) heating temperature Ht=Ht is corrected according to impact factori+ΔHtHum+ΔHtRad+ΔHtRadSum+ΔHtTOut, wherein room Interior humidity corrects Δ HtHum, instantaneous illumination correct Δ HtRad, accumulation illumination correct Δ HtRadSum, outdoor temperature correct Δ HtTOut General formula are as follows:
X=Hum, Rad, RadSum or TOut
Wherein,Respectively Δ HtxUpper lower limit value, XHigh、XLowRespectively independent variable x value model It encloses, A and B are respectively constant；
13) heating temperature bound Ht- δ is determinedL、Ht+δH；
14) as room temperature tin< Ht- δLWhen, t is worked as in heating device startingin> Ht+ δHWhen, heating device is closed, and t is worked asin∈ [Ht-δL, Ht+ δH] when, heating device state remains unchanged.
5. a kind of greenhouse multiple-factor according to claim 3 coordinates multi objective control method, which is characterized in that described Step 2) in, the control method of skylight and side window specifically:
21) one day time is divided into N number of section, and sets the initial ventilation temperature Vt in each sectioni(0≤i < N)；
22) ventilation temperature is corrected according to impact factor, then had:
Vt=Vti+ΔVtRad+ΔVtRadSum+ΔVtHum
Wherein, Δ VtRadFor instantaneous illumination amendment, Δ VtRadSumFor accumulation illumination amendment, Δ VtHumFor indoor humidity amendment；
23) according to setting initial temperature band Tb0, outdoor temperature Δ TbTOutWith outdoor wind speed Δ TbWindCorrected Calculation temperature band Tb, then Have:
Tb=Tb0+ΔTbTOut+ΔTbWind；
24) according to temperature band Tb, revised ventilation temperature Vt and room temperature tin, calculate skylight aperture Uroof, then have:
When greenhouse is the greenhouse of north and south skylight, then obtained according to wind direction by wind aperture ULeeAperture U windwardWind, after amendment Ventilation temperature Vt and setting delay temperature calculate side window aperture Uside, then have:
Wherein, TsideTo make side window be later than skylight opener's work setting value.
6. a kind of greenhouse multiple-factor according to claim 3 coordinates multi objective control method, which is characterized in that described Step 2) in, the control method of wet curtain fan specifically:
31) period that setting wet curtain fan allows to start；
32) according to desired temperature TfanWith temperature band Tb, calculate power of fan Ufan, then have:
Wherein, TfanTo make forced ventilation be later than skylight side window opener's work setting value, tinFor room temperature；
33) according to indoor humidity hinWith setting humidity threshold Hset, judge whether wet curtain opens, in UFanUnder the premise of > 0, work as hin < HsetWhen-δ, wet curtain allows to open, and works as hin> HsetWhen+δ, wet curtain is forcibly closed.
7. a kind of greenhouse multiple-factor according to claim 3 coordinates multi objective control method, which is characterized in that described Step 2) in, spraying control method specifically:
41) setting allows the period started by spraying；
42) humidity bound H is setMist+δhAnd HMist-δl, as indoor humidity hin> HMist+δhWhen, then it closes by spraying, works as hin< HMist-δlWhen, then it opens by spraying；
43) according to room temperature tin, preference temperature bound TMistHAnd TMistL, correct spraying power Umist, then have:
Umist=ctem·Umist0
Wherein, ctemFor room temperature correction function, Umist0For spraying power initial value.
8. a kind of greenhouse multiple-factor according to claim 3 coordinates multi objective control method, which is characterized in that described Step 2) in, the control method of sunshade net specifically:
51) period that setting sunshade net allows to start；
52) illumination threshold value bound RL is setcurAnd RHcur；
53) Δ R is corrected according to room temperaturetCorrect illumination threshold value bound RLcur+ΔRtAnd RHcur+ΔRt；
54) when outdoor optical shines rsun< RLcur+ΔRtWhen, sunshade net is turned up, when outdoor optical shines rsun> RHcur+ΔRtWhen, sunshade net Expansion.
9. a kind of greenhouse multiple-factor according to claim 3 coordinates multi objective control method, which is characterized in that described Step 2) in, CO2The control method of fertilizer apparatus specifically:
61) when skylight, side window, wet curtain fan are opened, then CO2Fertilizer apparatus is closed；
62) initial CO is set2Threshold value P0；
63) according to CO2The PAR fair curve and temperature correction curve of threshold value, obtain revised CO2Threshold value Pco2=P0+ΔPPAR +ΔPtem, wherein Δ PPARFor PAR amendment, Δ PtemFor temperature adjustmemt；
64) work as CO2Concentration pco2Less than lower limit value Pco2-ΔδLWhen, CO2Fertilizer apparatus is opened, and p is worked asco2Greater than upper limit value Pco2+Δδh When, CO2Fertilizer apparatus is closed.
10. a kind of greenhouse multiple-factor according to claim 3 coordinates multi objective control method, which is characterized in that institute In the step 2) stated, the condition that inside holding net is opened includes:
Illumination condition: rsun< RcurE, i.e., outdoor optical is according to rsunLower than setting illumination lower limit RcurE, indicate night；
Outdoor temperature condition: tout< TcurE, i.e. outdoor temperature toutLower than set temperature lower limit TcurE, indicate winter；
The control method of LED light supplement lamp specifically:
71) daily time interval is divided, and sets initial experience light filling threshold value R0；
72) according to CO2Concentration, room temperature and yesterday estimate electronics aggregate-value, correct light filling threshold value RLED=R0+ΔRCO2+Δ RTem+ΔRDPI, wherein R0For initial light filling threshold value, Δ RCO2For CO2Concentration correction light filling threshold value, Δ RTemFor room temperature amendment Light filling threshold value, Δ RDPIAmendment for the accumulative electronics transfer amount of photosynthesis of plant to light filling threshold value；
73) as intensity of illumination RsunLess than lower limit RLED-ΔδLWhen, LED light supplement lamp is opened, R is worked assunGreater than upper limit RLED+ΔδhWhen, Close LED light supplement lamp.
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