CN110531333A - A kind of wideband radar aperture transition effect self-adapting compensation method - Google Patents
A kind of wideband radar aperture transition effect self-adapting compensation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of wideband radar aperture transition effect self-adapting compensation methods, poor using this method energy adaptive equalization aperture fill time.This method specifically comprises the following steps: that phased-array radar receives target echo signal using Chirp signal as transmitting signal.According to transmitting signal, the reference signal for going tiltedly to handle is generated.Target echo signal is mixed to reference signal and is passed through low-pass filtering treatment, echo-signal that treated uses Wide band scattering point model, i.e., echo-signal that treated is formed by stacking by the echo of each scattering point of target.One is chosen in phased-array radar refers to submatrix, other submatrix accesses in addition to reference submatrix go that tiltedly treated data go with reference submatrix respectively that tiltedly treated that data do computing cross-correlation, and the aperture transition effect offset of other each submatrix accesses is estimated according to computing cross-correlation result.Aperture fill time is compensated using the aperture transition effect offset that other each submatrix accesses are calculated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to radar arrays to emit reception technique field, and in particular to a kind of wideband radar aperture transition effect is certainly
Adaptive compensation method.
Background technique
In order to obtain High Range Resolution, radar needs the transmitting signal using big bandwidth, wideband correlation
(LFM, Chirp) is exactly a selection well；In order to obtain high angular resolution, typical way is to increase radar bore,
However there is intrinsic contradictions, contradiction performances between the signal bandwidth of heavy caliber phased-array radar and the electric scanning ability of wave beam
For aperture transition effect.Heavy caliber wideband radar can cause the offset of beam position in large-angle scanning, returning after leading to synthesis
Wave signal energy is lost, and main lobe broadens after pulse pressure, and distance resolution reduces, and radar coverage is caused to decline.
In order to avoid aperture transition effect bring energy loss, classical method is that antenna array is divided into several height
Battle array, the interior use phase shifter progress wave beam control of submatrix, and Connection Time delay cell (TDU) between submatrix, it is each according to beam position
The suitable analog delay line of delay cell selection compensates aperture fill time.In practical work process, due to simulation
True-time delay can only provide constant time lag amount, and quantified precision is low, and loss is big.In addition to this, there is also make for analog delay line
The disadvantages of valence is high, volume is big, temperature sensitive.
Digital delay line technology be by analog signal through A/D sampling transformation be digital signal after, realized using digital form
The technology of signal delay.The Lincoln laboratory of Massachusetts Institute Technology gives a kind of based on instantaneous wideband linear frequency modulation
The submatrix by the completion wave beam divergence compensation that is delayed twice of (LFM, Chirp) signal goes to the side oblique (Dechirp or Stretch)
Method.This method utilizes the time-frequency characteristic of linear FM signal, and the received echo-signal of each antenna element is gone in analog domain
Tiltedly, achieve the purpose that compression bandwidth, greatly reduce the requirement to subsequent sampling rate；To the signal after going tiltedly compared with low sampling rate
A/D conversion is carried out, then time delay equalization is realized using digital delay filtering device.
Compensation method mentioned above is from analog to digital, and more and more finely, more and more simply, but these methods have
The shortcomings that one general character, compensation retardation assume that submatrix phase center it is known that calculating according to beam position by method of geometry
It obtains, it is clear that be unable to satisfy the demand of practical application.Reason has three, first, submatrix phase center relationship not it is found that with
The development of technology, subarray configuration develops from face battle array to conformal array, in addition, the Subarray partition technology proposed for all kinds of optimizing index
It has been be increasingly rich that, including non-homogeneous division, overlapping division etc., each submatrix phase center relationship is difficult to determine, therefore geometry calculates
Method is difficult；Second, that there are errors in computation is poor for aperture fill time, when existing method is getted over according to beam pointing-angle calculated hole diameters
Between, however target position causes the calculating of delay compensation difference to have partially within the scope of main lobe, but not necessarily in wave beam normal position
Difference；Third, interchannel length of cable is temperature sensitive, interchannel delay inequality can be rung with environment temperature, device in the course of work
It should wait and change, the value of calibration compensates when dispatching from the factory simply according to reason system, and the compensation of delay inequality is caused to have deviation.
To sum up, lack a kind of wide band net that can be suitable for any antenna configuration, any Subarray partition at present
Aperture transition effect compensation method.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of wideband radar aperture transition effect self-adapting compensation methods.This method is suitable
For any antenna configuration, any Subarray partition is poor using this method energy adaptive equalization aperture fill time, and color is effectively reduced
Loss is dissipated, radar data reduction is promoted.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: effect is getted in a kind of Chirp signal aperture based on cross-correlation
Self-adapting compensation method is answered, this method specifically comprises the following steps: using linear FM signal Chirp signal as transmitting signal
Step 1: phased-array radar receives target echo signal.
Step 2: generating the reference signal for going tiltedly to handle according to transmitting signal.
Step 3: target echo signal to be mixed to reference signal and passed through low-pass filtering treatment, treated, and echo is believed
Number Wide band scattering point model is used, i.e., echo-signal that treated is formed by stacking by the echo of each scattering point of target.
Step 4: choosing one in phased-array radar refers to submatrix, other submatrix accesses in addition to reference submatrix are gone tiltedly
Data that treated go tiltedly that treated that data do computing cross-correlation with reference submatrix respectively, are estimated according to computing cross-correlation result
The aperture transition effect offset of other each submatrix accesses.
Step 5: being getted over using the aperture transition effect offset that other each submatrix accesses are calculated in step 4 to aperture
Time compensates.
Further, transmitting signal is st(t):
Wherein, TpFor Chirp signal pulsewidth, f0For Chirp signal initial frequency, k=B/TpFor the frequency modulation of Chirp signal
Slope, B are signal bandwidth, and t is time shaft.
Then remove the reference signal s tiltedly handledref(t) it is
Wherein, τrFor the reference distance of reference signal, TrefFor reference signal pulsewidth.
Further, in step 3, echo-signal that treated uses Wide band scattering point model, i.e., treated, and echo is believed
It number is formed by stacking by the echo of each scattering point of target, specifically:
Wherein p indicates scattering point serial number, ApIndicate the signal strength of p-th of scattering point, τip=βi+ΔτpIndicate i-th of son
P-th of target scattering point of battle array goes tiltedly treated time delay, and ω (t) indicates that mean value be 0 variance is σ2White Gaussian noise.
Further, other submatrix accesses in addition to reference submatrix go tiltedly that treated that data are gone tiltedly with reference submatrix respectively
Treated, and data do computing cross-correlation, estimate that the aperture transition effect of other each submatrix accesses is mended according to computing cross-correlation result
Repay value.
Specifically:
Other submatrix accesses in addition to reference submatrix go that tiltedly treated data go with reference submatrix respectively that tiltedly treated
Data do the operation result of computing cross-correlation are as follows:
Wherein, AqIndicate the signal strength of q-th of scattering point, * expression takes conjugation, ωc(t) after indicating cross correlation process
Noise item, τ1qIndicate that q-th of target scattering point of the 1st submatrix goes tiltedly treated time delay；Operation result is rewritten as
The sum of numerous point-frequency signals:
Wherein: the frequency values of S (t) are fpq=k (τ1p-τ2q)；
The phase value of S (t) is
As p=q, τ1p-τ2q=β1-β2Aperture fill time of the as current submatrix access compared to reference submatrix access
The frequency values of difference, S (t) are rewritten are as follows: fp=k (β1-β2)；
By estimating the frequency of S (t) Amplitude maxima signal, current submatrix access is calculated compared to reference submatrix access
Aperture fill time is poor；
According to frequency values most strong in cross correlation process result estimate to obtain phase compensation value to each submatrix access phase term into
Row compensation.
The utility model has the advantages that
In transition effect adaptive calibration method in wideband radar aperture proposed by the present invention, made using broadband Chirp signal
To emit signal, aperture transition effect compensation factor is acquired by the cross correlation process of interchannel, gives full play to digitlization spirit
Changeable feature living goes the reference signal tiltedly handled come real-time compensation aperture transition effect by changing each submatrix access.It breaks through
Constraint of the conventional method to radar array configuration and Subarray partition mode can be suitable for any antenna configuration, any submatrix
It divides, while improving aperture transition effect compensation precision, significantly enhance radar data reduction.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is transition effect self-adapting compensation method flow chart in wideband radar aperture provided by the present invention；
Fig. 2 is phased-array radar array surface schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 removes cross correlation process effect picture after tiltedly handling between submatrix；
Fig. 4 is compensation front and back one-dimensional range profile comparison diagram；
Fig. 5 is aperture transition effect adaptive equalization functional block diagram.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The present invention provides a kind of the Chirp signal aperture transition effect self-adapting compensation method based on cross-correlation, process
As shown in Figure 1, this method specifically comprises the following steps: using linear FM signal Chirp signal as transmitting signal
Step 1: phased-array radar receives target echo signal.
The embodiment of the present invention gets the bid echo-signal as sr(t)；
Wherein, TpFor Chirp signal pulsewidth, f0For Chirp signal initial frequency, k=B/TpFor the frequency modulation of Chirp signal
Slope, B are signal bandwidth, and t is time shaft.
Phased-array radar array surface schematic diagram is also possible to conformal array as shown in Figure 1, front structure can be face battle array.With battle array
Column are analyzed for receiving, and use αiIndicate that each submatrix access reaches the two-way time of target；I=1,2 ..., I indicates that submatrix is compiled
Number, I is submatrix sum；βiIt is each submatrix access compared to the time delay of reference submatrix access, i.e. aperture fill time is poor.This
Outside, τrIndicate the imaging window initial value set according to prior information, Δ τ indicates the time delay of target range imaging window starting point
Value, it is obvious that αi=βi+τr+Δτ。
The echo of i-th submatrix channel reception to the target is expressed as sr-i(t-αi), A indicates target amplitude.
Step 2: generating the reference signal for going tiltedly to handle according to transmitting signal.
In the embodiment of the present invention, according to the Chirp signal s according to transmittinge(t), the reference signal s for going tiltedly to handle is generatedref
(t) it is
Wherein, τrFor the reference distance of reference signal, TrefFor reference signal pulsewidth.
Step 3: target echo signal to be mixed to reference signal and passed through low-pass filtering treatment, treated, and echo is believed
Number Wide band scattering point model is used, i.e., echo-signal that treated is formed by stacking by the echo of each scattering point of target.
By target echo signal sr-i(t) with reference signal sref(t) it is obtained after mixing and low-pass filtering treatment:
By αi=τr+βi+ Δ τ is substituted into, then above formula can be rewritten are as follows:
Above formula indicates the fixed point-frequency signal of frequency plot:
fde=-k (βi+Δτ)
θde2 π f of=- (0(βi+Δτ)+πk(βi+Δτ)(2τr+βi+Δτ))
The wherein retardation τ of reference signalrIt is accurately known parameter, Δ τ is the delay volume unrelated with submatrix access.
Assuming that target includes P scattering point, and through the past tiltedly and after filtering processing, echo-signal transformation are as follows:
Wherein p indicates scattering point serial number, ApIndicate the signal strength of p-th of scattering point, τip=βi+ΔτpIndicate i-th of son
P-th of target scattering point of battle array goes tiltedly treated time delay, and ω (t) indicates that mean value be 0 variance is σ2White Gaussian noise.
Step 4: choosing one in phased-array radar refers to submatrix, other submatrix accesses in addition to reference submatrix are gone tiltedly
Data that treated go tiltedly that treated that data do computing cross-correlation with reference submatrix respectively, are estimated according to computing cross-correlation result
The aperture transition effect offset of other each submatrix accesses；
Select the data of submatrix 1 for reference, the data of complementary submatrix do computing cross-correlation with 1 data of submatrix respectively, with son
For battle array 2, operation result is as follows:
Wherein, * expression takes conjugation, ωc(t) indicate that the noise item after cross correlation process, the noise between each submatrix are independently same
Distribution, cross correlation process will not impact it, and above formula can be rewritten as the sum of numerous point-frequency signals:
Wherein:
fpq=k (τ1p-τ2q)
As p=q, τ1p-τ2q=β1-β2, frequency values and phase value can be rewritten are as follows:
fp=k (β1-β2)
Obviously, the frequency values are only related with the aperture fill time difference of submatrix interchannel, by estimating the frequency values
The aperture fill time for calculating submatrix interchannel is poor, and the frequency values after identical scattering point cross correlation process are the same, so that
The signal energy of the frequency values is effectively assembled, and signal energy is more concentrated, and more facilitates the estimation of frequency values.
Phase value is not only related with the aperture fill time difference of submatrix interchannel, also with scattering point to imaging window starting point
Time delay it is related, the estimated value of this will be used for the phase compensation of aperture fill time compensation the inside.It is gone between submatrix tiltedly
Cross correlation process result after processing as shown in figure 3,.
Step 5: being getted over using the aperture transition effect offset that other each submatrix accesses are calculated in step 4 to aperture
Time compensates.
It gives full play on this basis and digitizes flexible and changeable feature, according to each access of time difference real-time update of estimation
Local reference signal, aperture fill time is compensated.The reference signal of construction can indicate are as follows:
The echo-signal of target is gone tiltedly to handle, for simplified expression, target only considers a scattering point.
Wherein:
fde=k (τr+β′i-αi)
=k (β 'i-βi-Δτ)
≈k(-Δτ)
Above formula explanation is in the case where aperture fill time difference estimates accurate situation, go that tiltedly treated frequency values and submatrix channel
Number unrelated, frequency shift (FS) obtains effective compensation.
There was only 2 π k β of Section 2 in phase valueiΔ τ is related with submatrix channel number, can use frequency values most strong after cross correlation process
Phase each submatrix access phase term is compensated.
FormulaIt can rewrite
Are as follows:
φp=φ 'p+2πk(β1-β2)Δτp
φ′pFor the fixterm that can be accurately calculated, each scattering point is different relative to the distance of imaging window starting point, i.e.,
ΔτpDifference acquires to obtain phase term φpAlso not identical.In view of the distance between each scattering point difference generally takes several meters to tens meters,
The fluctuation of phase value caused by it is smaller, and the signal of same frequency out of phase does cumulative, final phase value and is equivalent to each phase
The weighted average of place value, therefore can be by the phase value of estimation cross correlation process amplitude point of maximum intensity frequency signal, to compensate phase
Position error.It is denoted as:
2πk(β1-β2)Δτ≈φ(max(S(t)))-φ′p
In addition, (being 10m by submatrix spacing, 30 ° of maximum scan angle are reference), 2 π k β in real systemiThe value of Δ τ is very
Small, because of phase, incomplete coherent bring snr loss can ignore.It, can also not for the considerations of reducing system complexity
Consider the delay compensation work of this.
Fig. 4 is to compensate front and back one-dimensional range profile comparison diagram, and before wherein Fig. 4 (a) is compensation, Fig. 4 (b) is after compensating.
Specifically, the application principle block diagram in this method radar system as shown in figure 5,
Fig. 5 (a) shows transmitting path adaptive equalization block diagram；Transmitting path: when in order to get over to transmitting path aperture
Between difference compensate, need in advance by compensation table be stored in transmitting subsystem in, firstly, according to the angle of radar scanning inquire mend
Table is repaid, is then adaptively to generate each submatrix unit in a manner of guidance uses digitized compensation by the offset under the scanning angle
Transmitting signal.
Fig. 5 (b) shows receiving path adaptive equalization block diagram；Receiving path: firstly, radar front receives target echo
Signal obtains multi-path echo signal (S according to front Subarray partition signalecho-1, Secho-2... ...)；Pass through high speed analog-to-digital conversion
Device converts each road signal, is digital signal from analog-signal transitions；Xie Chu is removed in numeric field completion echo-signal
Reason, including the parts such as reference signal generation, low-pass filtering, quadrature frequency conversion and down-sampled rate, wherein DDCS device can basis
The parameter information of Real-time Feedback adaptively generates the reference signal of specific time delay and the quadrature frequency conversion of specific frequency particular phases
Required local oscillation signal；Then, submatrix 1 is selected as reference, and the data of complementary submatrix are made with the data of reference submatrix mutual respectively
Relevant treatment estimates the submatrix channel compared to reference submatrix by the frequency values of peak signal after estimation cross correlation process
Aperture fill time is poor；Front end reference local oscillator generation module is given finally, each channel aperture transit time difference data are timely feedbacked,
Change signal time delay, frequency and phase in real time, the adaptive equalization of aperture fill time is completed by way of circulation feedback.
To sum up, the above is merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.It is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in protection of the invention
Within the scope of.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of Chirp signal aperture transition effect self-adapting compensation method based on cross-correlation, which is characterized in that this method with
Linear FM signal Chirp signal specifically comprises the following steps: as transmitting signal
Step 1: phased-array radar receives target echo signal；
Step 2: generating the reference signal for going tiltedly to handle according to the transmitting signal；
Step 3: low-pass filtering treatment is mixed and passed through with the reference signal by the target echo signal, treated is returned
Wave signal uses Wide band scattering point model, i.e., echo-signal that treated is formed by stacking by the echo of each scattering point of target；
Step 4: choosing one in the phased-array radar refers to submatrix, other submatrix accesses in addition to reference submatrix are gone tiltedly
Data that treated go tiltedly that treated that data do computing cross-correlation with reference submatrix respectively, are estimated according to computing cross-correlation result
The aperture transition effect offset of other each submatrix accesses；
Step 5: the aperture transition effect offset of other each submatrix accesses is calculated to aperture fill time using step 4
It compensates.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the transmitting signal is st(t):
Wherein, TpFor Chirp signal pulsewidth, f0For Chirp signal initial frequency, k=B/TpFor the chirp rate of Chirp signal,
B is signal bandwidth, and t is time shaft；
It is then described to remove the reference signal s tiltedly handledref(t) it is
Wherein, τrFor the reference distance of reference signal, TrefFor reference signal pulsewidth.
3. method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that in the step 3, echo-signal that treated uses broadband
Scatter times, i.e., echo-signal that treated are formed by stacking by the echo of each scattering point of target, specifically:
Wherein p indicates scattering point serial number, ApIndicate the signal strength of p-th of scattering point, τip=βi+ΔτpIndicate i-th of submatrix
P-th of target scattering point goes tiltedly treated time delay, and ω (t) indicates that mean value be 0 variance is σ2White Gaussian noise.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that described other submatrix accesses in addition to reference submatrix go tiltedly to handle
Data afterwards go tiltedly that treated that data do computing cross-correlation with reference submatrix respectively, according to the estimation of computing cross-correlation result it is each its
The aperture transition effect offset of his submatrix access；
Specifically:
Described other submatrix accesses in addition to reference submatrix go that tiltedly treated data go with reference submatrix respectively that tiltedly treated
Data do the operation result of computing cross-correlation are as follows:
Wherein, AqIndicate the signal strength of q-th of scattering point, * expression takes conjugation, ωc(t) noise after cross correlation process is indicated
, τ1qIndicate that q-th of target scattering point of the 1st submatrix goes tiltedly treated time delay；The operation result is rewritten as
The sum of numerous point-frequency signals:
Wherein: the frequency values of S (t) are fpq=k (τ1p-τ2q)；
The phase value of S (t) is
As p=q, τ1p-τ2q=β1-β2As current submatrix access is poor compared to the aperture fill time of reference submatrix access, S
(t) frequency values are rewritten are as follows: fp=k (β1-β2)；
By estimating the frequency of S (t) Amplitude maxima signal, aperture of the current submatrix access compared to reference submatrix access is calculated
Transit time difference；
Estimate to obtain phase compensation value according to frequency values most strong in cross correlation process result and each submatrix access phase term is mended
It repays.
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