CN110531171B - Calculation method for determining cable crosstalk critical wiring distance - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a calculation method for determining a cable crosstalk critical wiring distance, which relates to the technical field of electromagnetic compatibility, and the specific technical scheme is as follows: (1) definition of crosstalkA function of line spacing variation; (2) taking the wiring distance S as an independent variable, and deriving the crosstalk voltage function to obtain a K value function; (3) defining K at the critical point0A value; (4) will K0And substituting the K value function to solve to obtain a critical wiring distance value. Based on a crosstalk mechanism, the influence of wiring parameters on crosstalk is researched, and the crosstalk critical wiring distance caused by a cable voltage source is determined. And deducing a relation function between the crosstalk value and the wiring distance, and obtaining a crosstalk change rule curve along with the distance. According to the function, a critical point and a critical distribution interval on a crosstalk curve are defined, and the influence of parameters such as cable length and ground height on the critical wiring interval is analyzed. Through studying the influence rule of cable crosstalk, the cable wiring mechanism is studied intuitively, and the interference of crosstalk signals is reduced fundamentally for the arrangement of cables.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic compatibility, in particular to a calculation method for determining a critical wiring distance of cable crosstalk.
Background
Due to the distributed capacitance and distributed inductance between the cables, electromagnetic energy transmitted on the wires is coupled into adjacent wires through distributed parameters, electromagnetic interference is generated, and the nature of crosstalk is generated. Therefore, when the cable crosstalk problem is researched, the acquisition of the distribution parameters is the first step of establishing a crosstalk model. When the traditional analytic method is applied to cable distribution parameter calculation, due to the nonuniformity of insulating layer media around cables, the line spacing needs to meet the wide spacing condition when the distribution parameters are calculated.
For the research on the problem of cable crosstalk, a plurality of scholars have proposed a plurality of analysis methods for the mechanism and the prediction of the cable crosstalk, and the analysis methods mainly comprise a multi-conductor transmission line method, a lumped parameter circuit model and numerical calculation. Paul in C.R. firstly applies the multi-conductor transmission line theory to EMC research, analyzes the cable crosstalk coupling mechanism, provides a prediction model of cable low-frequency crosstalk, and provides a crosstalk calculation method of cable inductive and capacitive coupling. In addition, numerical calculation is a common method for analyzing the cable crosstalk problem in an actual electronic system, and specifically includes a time domain finite difference method, a time domain transmission line matrix method, a moment method, a finite element method and the like, and corresponding commercial software is formed.
The research on cable crosstalk starts late in China, and mainly researches the crosstalk problem encountered by actual electromechanical equipment. The crosstalk problem of a lossless wiring harness, a shielded wire and a wiring harness network is researched from the angle of a frequency domain by Jiang Yuan waves of southeast university, a capacitance parameter matrix of the wiring harness is calculated by using a moment method, then a crosstalk equation is solved by adopting a modulus decoupling and chain parameter method, finally a BLT equation is applied to the establishment of a wiring harness network crosstalk model, and the correctness of the method is verified through simulation and experiments. The method is characterized in that the Jilin university Anzhang provides a GA-BP neural network prediction model of the automobile wire harness crosstalk based on genetic algorithm GA and BP neural network algorithm, and quantitatively analyzes the influence of parameters such as cable length, ground height, frequency, excitation source, relative dielectric constant of insulating layer medium, cable distance, cable radius and insulating layer thickness on the crosstalk in the prediction model, so that a good prediction effect is obtained.
In summary, the cable crosstalk research is mainly focused on the calculation method. Although some wiring rules are used for guiding the wiring of an actual cable, the research on the wiring mechanism of the cable is less, and the influence of the wiring parameters on crosstalk is mostly qualitatively given by adopting a numerical simulation method. Therefore, it is necessary to study the rule of influence of the wiring parameters on the crosstalk of the cable, and provide theoretical guidance for the actual cable wiring.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a calculation method for determining the crosstalk critical wiring distance of a cable, which is based on a crosstalk mechanism, researches the influence rule of wiring parameters on crosstalk, and determines the crosstalk critical wiring distance caused by a cable voltage source. And deducing a relation function between the crosstalk value and the wiring distance, and obtaining a curve of the change rule of the crosstalk along with the distance. According to the function, a critical point and a critical distribution interval on a crosstalk curve are defined, and the influence of parameters such as cable length and ground height on the critical wiring interval is analyzed.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a calculation method for determining a cable crosstalk critical wiring distance comprises the following steps:
s1: defining a function of crosstalk variation with wiring pitch;
s2: taking the wiring distance S as an independent variable, and deriving the crosstalk voltage function to obtain a K value function;
s3: defining K at the critical point0A value;
s4: will K0And substituting the K value function to solve to obtain a critical wiring distance value.
As a preferred solution, the definition of the function in the S1 process includes the following steps:
d1: establishing a crosstalk model of the double-conductor transmission line;
d2: calculating the inductance per unit length;
d3: calculating the capacitance of the conductor;
d4: and obtaining the functional relation between the crosstalk voltage and the crosstalk current and the corresponding wiring distance.
As a preferable scheme, the method for calculating the inductance per unit length in D2 is as follows:
wherein:
the middle diagonal element represents the self-inductance of the unit length of the lead, the off diagonal element represents the mutual inductance of the unit length of the lead, S is the lead spacing, mu is the magnetic conductivity, rAAnd rBRadius of the wires A and B, hAAnd hBThe heights of the conducting wires to the ground are respectively; wherein the ratio of the distance between adjacent wires to the radius of the wires is not less than 4.
As a preferable scheme, the calculation method of the conductor capacitance in D3 is as follows:
according to the potential and charge distribution on the surface of the conductor, the self capacitance and mutual capacitance of the conductor can be obtained by combining a mirror image method, namely a capacitance matrix of the conductor in unit length is as follows:
a11，a12，a21and a22Are respectively as
Wherein: Δ rAAnd Δ rBThickness of the insulation of the conductor, ε0Is a vacuum dielectric constant of epsilonrIs a relative dielectric constant,. epsilone＝(εr-1)/εr；
According to the theory of multi-conductor transmission lines, the voltage and the current at any position z along the length direction of the cable satisfy the equation
Wherein,
and
representing the voltage and current matrices transmitted on conductors a and B,
and
representing an impedance and admittance matrix;
the terminal only contains a double-conductor transmission line model of a voltage excitation source, and meets the following conditions:
wherein,
and
an analytical calculation formula between crosstalk and wiring pitch S represents a voltage and a current at Z ═ 0 and Z ═ L, respectively:
wherein,
in order to be the characteristic impedance of the transmission line,
is the impedance of the source end of the cable,
in order to load the impedance for the termination of the cable,
and
incident wave current and reflected wave current respectively;
definition matrix
In the form of matrix
And
respectively representing functions about wiring pitches;
order to
Incident wave current on the wire group
And a reflected wave current
Rewritable as follows:
crosstalk voltage at any position z on transmission line can be obtained based on the above formula
And current
Calculation formula with the wiring pitch S:
wherein,
and
respectively a source terminal voltage and a terminal voltage,
in order to decouple the matrix, the first and second,
is the transmission coefficient.
As a preferred scheme, the function of the K value in S2 is:
the cross-talk voltage function (13) is derived to obtain:
in conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
by researching the influence rule of the wiring parameters on the cable crosstalk, the wiring mechanism of the cable is intuitively researched, and the interference of crosstalk signals is fundamentally reduced by arranging the cable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a cross-talk model diagram of a two-conductor transmission line in a calculation method for determining a critical wiring distance of cross-talk of a cable according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional structural view of a two-conductor transmission line according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a transmission line model with a termination including only a voltage excitation source according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a two-conductor transmission line value verification model on an ideal conductive plane according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a graph showing the variation of crosstalk voltage with the wiring pitch S according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The two-conductor transmission line crosstalk model is illustrated in fig. 1, with the disturber and victim lines placed on an ideal reference ground plane. Wherein VS1And VS2For exciting the voltage source, Z, to the cable terminationS1，ZS2，ZL1And ZL2Respectively, cable termination loads. L isjiAnd Cji(j ═ 1,2) are the self-inductance and self-capacitance, respectively, of the cable per unit length, LiAnd CiRespectively, the mutual inductance and the mutual capacitance of the cable per unit length. Mutual inductance and mutual capacitance provide a path for coupling energy between lines, resulting in crosstalk between different lines.
The cross-sectional structure of the two-conductor transmission line is shown in FIG. 2, with the space between the wires being S, rAAnd rBRadius of the wires A and B, Δ rAAnd Δ rBThickness of the wire insulation layer, hAAnd hBRespectively, the conductor pair ground height. The inductance per unit length can be calculated by adopting conductor distribution parameters, and the distance between the wires needs to meet the wide interval condition, namely the ratio of the distance between the adjacent wires to the radius of the wires is not less than 4. The inductance per unit length is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula,
the middle diagonal element represents the self-inductance of the lead in unit length, the off diagonal element represents the mutual inductance of the lead in unit length, and mu is the magnetic permeability. From the equation (1), the cross-sectional structure parameters and the wiring parameters (the wire spacing and the ground height) of the wires affect the self-inductance and the mutual inductance per unit length of the wires.
According to the potential and charge distribution on the surface of the conductor, the self capacitance and mutual capacitance of the conductor can be obtained by combining a mirror image method, namely a capacitance matrix of the conductor in unit length is as follows:
in the formula, a11，a12，a21And a22Are respectively as
In the formula, epsilon0Is a vacuum dielectric constant of ∈rIs a relative dielectric constant,. epsilone＝(εr-1)/εr。
According to the theory of multi-conductor transmission lines, the voltage and the current at any position z along the length direction of the cable in the figure 1 satisfy the equation
In the formula,
and
representing the voltage and current matrices transmitted on conductors a and B,
and
representing the impedance and admittance matrix,
the model of a two-conductor transmission line with a terminal containing only a voltage excitation source is shown in fig. 3, and meets the following conditions:
in the formula,
and
an analytical calculation formula between crosstalk and wiring pitch S represents voltage and current at Z ═ 0 and Z ═ L, respectively:
wherein,
in order to be the characteristic impedance of the transmission line,
is the impedance of the source end of the cable,
in order to load the impedance for the termination of the cable,
and
incident wave current and reflected wave current, respectively.
Definition matrix
In the form of matrix
And
respectively, are shown with respect to the wiring pitch function. Order to
Incident wave current on the wire group
And a reflected wave current
Rewritable as follows:
crosstalk voltage at any position z on transmission line can be obtained based on the above formula
And current
Calculation formula with the wiring pitch S:
wherein,
and
respectively a source terminal voltage and a terminal voltage,
in order to decouple the matrix, the first and second,
is the transmission coefficient. The influence rule of the wiring pitch S on the crosstalk voltage and current can be analyzed by equations (12) and (13).
Fig. 4 is a model of a two-conductor transmission line on an ideal conducting plane, and the same conducting wire is used for both the disturbing wire and the disturbed wire. The radius of the conductor is 0.7mm, the thickness of the insulating layer is 0.7mm, the dielectric constant of the insulating layer is 3.5, the length of the conductor is 1m, the distance from the reference ground is 10mm, and the distance between the conductors is 25 mm. The near end of the interference wire is connected with a signal voltage excitation source, the amplitude is 1V, and the terminating resistance impedance of all the terminals of the interference wire and the victim wire is 50 omega.
By using an analytic calculation formula of crosstalk and wiring space S, a crosstalk value at the second resonance peak at a different wiring space is obtained, and a regular curve of crosstalk voltage along with the wiring space S in a (25, 180) mm variation range can be obtained, as shown in fig. 5. As can be seen from the figure, the crosstalk voltage value decreases with an increase in the wiring pitch, and when the pitch is small, the crosstalk value rapidly decreases with an increase in the pitch, and when the pitch reaches a certain value, the decrease in the crosstalk value with an increase in the pitch is insignificant. The point at which the curve produces the "cornering phenomenon" is defined herein as the demarcation point.
The cross talk voltage function equation (9) is derived using the wiring pitch S as an argument, and the following can be obtained:
the K value function reflects how fast the crosstalk voltage varies with the wiring pitch. Assume a slope of K at the demarcation point of the curve0Define the corresponding space S0Is the critical wiring pitch. When S is less than S0When the distance is short, the crosstalk value changes obviously along with the distance; s > S0The crosstalk value varies slowly with the pitch. K0The value may be determined based on the difference in slope between adjacent equally spaced points on the curve. For example, the K values corresponding to the intervals S at (25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75, 85, 95) mm are (-2.60, -1.02, -0.50, -0.29, -0.18, -0.12, -0.09, -0.06), respectively, so that it can be seen that the slope difference starts to decrease when the slope difference is in the interval (-0.18, -0.12), and the median K in the interval is taken as0When the ratio is-0.135, then S072mm as shown in figure 5. Overall, the critical wiring spacing S0The solving process of (2) can be divided into the following steps:
(1) defining a function of crosstalk variation with wiring pitch;
(2) taking the wiring distance S as an independent variable, and deriving the crosstalk voltage function to obtain a K value function;
(3) defining K at the critical point0The value is obtained.
(4) Will K0Substituting the K value function to solve to obtain the critical wiring distance S0The value is obtained.
Therefore, in practical engineering application, the cable spacing can be reasonably arranged according to a critical wiring spacing formula, so that the crosstalk value between cables meets the design requirement of electromagnetic compatibility.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A calculation method for determining a critical wiring distance of cable crosstalk comprises the following steps:
s1: defining a function of crosstalk variation with wiring pitch;
s2: taking the wiring distance S as an independent variable, and deriving the crosstalk voltage function to obtain a K value function;
s3: defining K at the critical point0A value;
s4: will K0Substituting the K value function to solve to obtain a critical wiring distance value;
the definition of the function in the S1 process includes the following steps:
d1: establishing a crosstalk model of the double-conductor transmission line;
d2: calculating the inductance per unit length;
d3: calculating the capacitance of the conductor;
d4: obtaining a functional relation between the crosstalk voltage and the crosstalk current and corresponding wiring intervals;
the calculation method of the capacitance of the conductor in D3 is as follows:
according to the potential and charge distribution on the surface of the conductor, the self capacitance and mutual capacitance of the conductor can be obtained by combining a mirror image method, namely a capacitance matrix of the conductor in unit length is as follows:
a11，a12，a21and a22Are respectively as
Wherein: Δ rAAnd Δ rBThickness of the insulation of the conductor, ε0Is a vacuum dielectric constant of ∈rIs a relative dielectric constant,. epsilone＝(εr-1)/εr，rAAnd rBRadius of the wires A and B, hAAnd hBThe heights of the conducting wires to the ground are respectively;
according to the theory of multi-conductor transmission lines, the voltage and the current at any position z along the length direction of the cable satisfy the equation
Wherein,
and
representing the voltage and current matrices transmitted on conductors a and B,
and
representing an impedance and admittance matrix;
the terminal only contains a double-conductor transmission line model of a voltage excitation source, and meets the following conditions:
wherein,
and
respectively representing the voltage and current at Z-0 and Z-L,
is the impedance of the source end of the cable,
in order to load the impedance for the termination of the cable,
and
source terminal voltage and terminal voltage respectively;
analytical calculation formula between crosstalk and wiring pitch S:
wherein,
in order to be the characteristic impedance of the transmission line,
is the impedance of the source end of the cable,
in order to load the impedance for the termination of the cable,
and
respectively an incident wave current and a reflected wave current,
is a decoupling matrix;
definition matrix
In the form of matrix
And
respectively representing functions about wiring pitches;
order to
Incident wave current on the wire group
And a reflected wave current
Rewritable as follows:
crosstalk voltage at any position z on transmission line can be obtained based on the above formula
And current
Calculation formula with the wiring pitch S:
wherein,
and
respectively a source terminal voltage and a terminal voltage,
in order to decouple the matrix, the first and second,
is the transmission coefficient.
2. The calculation method for determining the critical wiring spacing of cable crosstalk according to claim 1, wherein the inductance per unit length calculation method in D2 is as follows:
wherein：
The middle diagonal element represents the self-inductance of the unit length of the lead, the off diagonal element represents the mutual inductance of the unit length of the lead, S is the lead spacing, mu is the magnetic conductivity, rAAnd rBRadius of the wires A and B, hAAnd hBThe heights of the conducting wires to the ground are respectively; wherein the ratio of the distance between adjacent wires to the radius of the wires is not less than 4.
3. The calculation method for determining the critical wiring spacing of cable crosstalk according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the K value function in S2 is:
the cross-talk voltage function (13) is derived to obtain:
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