CN110529103B - External-sleeve armored optical cable orientation system with built-in controllable sound source and data acquisition method - Google Patents
External-sleeve armored optical cable orientation system with built-in controllable sound source and data acquisition method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000005239 tubule Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
- E21B47/024—Determining slope or direction of devices in the borehole
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/04—Measuring depth or liquid level
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/09—Locating or determining the position of objects in boreholes or wells, e.g. the position of an extending arm; Identifying the free or blocked portions of pipes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/14—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves
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Abstract
The invention provides a casing external armored optical cable orientation system with a built-in controllable sound source perforating gun and a data acquisition method, wherein the perforating gun with the built-in controllable sound source is adopted, the built-in controllable sound source of the perforating gun is controlled by a ground logging truck to continuously emit sound wave signals with fixed frequency and fixed amplitude, the position and the orientation of the controllable sound source of the perforating gun relative to the armored optical cable are judged according to the intensity of the built-in controllable sound source signals of the perforating gun in the underground armored optical cable measured by a ground DAS instrument, then the specific depth position and the geographic orientation of the armored optical cable outside the casing are measured according to the orientation gesture data of the perforating gun provided by a built-in gyroscope of the perforating gun, and the specific depth and the geographic orientation of the armored optical cable at the well section are avoided for orientation perforation operation, so that the permanent armored optical cable arranged outside the casing of a vertical well, an inclined well and a horizontal well can not be ejected and broken during perforation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of well logging, and particularly relates to an external casing armored optical cable orientation system with a built-in controllable sound source and a data acquisition method.
Background
Optical fiber sensing technology began in 1977 and developed rapidly with the development of optical fiber communication technology, and the optical fiber sensing technology is an important sign for measuring the informatization degree of a country. The optical fiber sensing technology is widely applied to the fields of military, national defense, aerospace, industrial and mining enterprises, energy environmental protection, industrial control, medicine and health, metering test, construction, household appliances and the like, and has wide markets. There are hundreds of optical fiber sensing technologies in the world, and physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, flow, displacement, vibration, rotation, bending, liquid level, speed, acceleration, sound field, current, voltage, magnetic field, radiation and the like all realize sensing with different performances.
Downhole fiber optic sensing systems may be used downhole to make measurements of pressure, temperature, noise, vibration, acoustic waves, seismic waves, flow rates, component analysis, electric and magnetic fields. The system is based on a fully armored optical cable structure, and the sensor, the connection cable and the data transmission cable are made of optical fibers. There are various methods for laying down-hole armored optical cables at present, such as laying down-hole control pipelines, putting down-hole armored optical cables into coiled tubing, directly integrating the armored optical cables into the wall of the coiled tubing made of composite materials, binding and fixing the armored optical cables on the outer side of the coiled tubing, putting down-hole armored optical cables into a sleeve, binding the armored optical cables outside the sleeve, and permanently fixing the armored optical cables by using well cementation cement.
When the armored optical cable is bound and fixed on the outer side of a casing pipe of a vertical well, an inclined well or a horizontal well and is permanently fixed by well cementation cement, if perforating operation is to be carried out in a reservoir section, specific geographic orientations of the armored optical cable at different depth positions outside the casing pipe are required to be detected, a directional perforation technology is adopted during perforation, and the armored optical cable outside the casing pipe is avoided at a perforation section.
The british allixa company uses acoustic principles to place a battery-driven sound generator beside an armored cable, to emit sound signals periodically under the drive of the battery, then connects the head end of the armored cable to a distributed fibre optic acoustic sensor (DAS) modem device placed at the wellhead, and by measuring the sound signals distributed along the underground armored cable, by calculating the depth position and geographical orientation of the underground sound generator downhole, the specific depth position and geographical orientation of the armored cable placed beside the underground sound generator downhole can be determined basically.
While the Silixa corporation is able to substantially determine the specific depth location and geographic orientation of the downhole armored fiber optic cable at the point of installation of the sonic generator using the downhole sonic generator, there are several disadvantages: (1) The battery in the underground sound generator has limited capacity and can only work continuously for about 30 days, and once the electric energy of the battery is exhausted, the underground sound generator stops working immediately. Because the downhole sound generator and the armored optical cable are permanently fixed outside the casing by the well cementation cement at the same time, the downhole sound generator cannot be charged or the battery cannot be replaced, and the downhole sound generator is permanently disabled. Once the well cementation or completion operation is performed for more than 30 days, the underground sound generator cannot be used for measuring the specific depth position and geographical orientation of the armored optical cable outside the sleeve; (2) The cost of downhole sound generators is high, which can result in too high a cost of downhole equipment if dense sound generators are deployed along the armored fiber optic cable; (3) If there are too few sound generators running along the armored fiber optic cable, while the overall cost of the downhole equipment can be reduced, there will be a large error or inability to position and orient the armored fiber optic cable between each two downhole sound generators.
The Chinese patent application (the external armor optical cable positioning and orientation system of the sleeve and the data acquisition method thereof) (201910618067.4) provides an external armor optical cable positioning and orientation system of the sleeve and the data acquisition method thereof, and an armor optical cable is arranged outside the metal sleeve; the exterior of the armored optical cable is provided with a permanent magnet; the underground magnetic detection instrument is connected with a wellhead ground logging truck through an armored logging cable, and the wellhead ground logging truck controls the underground magnetic detection instrument through the armored logging cable; the underground magnetic detection instrument comprises a gyroscope and a three-component magnetic field sensor. The invention adopts the armored optical cable with the permanent magnet, and uses the gyroscope and the three-component magnetic field sensor to detect the specific depth position and the geographic azimuth of the permanent magnet in the metal sleeve, thereby determining the specific depth position and the geographic azimuth of the armored optical cable extending along the sleeve, and ensuring that the permanent armored optical cable arranged outside the sleeve of the vertical well, the inclined well and the horizontal well cannot be broken by perforation ejection during perforation. The method is simple and easy to implement, but if the permanent magnet and the armored optical cable are separated carelessly in the process of installing the underground sleeve and the armored optical cable, or the permanent magnet material is demagnetized in the underground high-temperature and high-pressure environment, the underground magnetic detection instrument can not accurately detect the position and the geographical orientation of the armored optical cable outside the sleeve.
The Chinese patent application (201910844751.4) provides an electromagnetic induction-based external casing armored optical cable orientation system and a data acquisition method, wherein an armored optical cable is arranged outside a metal casing; the armored optical cable adopts a continuous metal tubule and an outer insulating material tubule to package single-mode or multi-mode or special optical fibers; loading alternating current to the continuous metal tubule at the wellhead; the wellhead ground logging truck controls a downhole three-component electromagnetic induction detection instrument through an armored logging cable; the underground three-component electromagnetic induction detecting instrument comprises a gyroscope and a three-component induction magnetic field sensor. The invention adopts the method that alternating current is loaded on the continuous metal tubule to generate an alternating induction magnetic field, and the induction magnetic field distributed along the armored optical cable is detected by the gyroscope and the three-component induction magnetic field sensor, so that the specific depth position and the geographic orientation of the armored optical cable extending along the casing are determined, and the permanent armored optical cable arranged outside the casings of the vertical well, the inclined well and the horizontal well is ensured not to be broken by perforation ejection during perforation. The method is simple and easy to implement, but because of the alternating induction magnetic field distributed along the armored optical cable, induction current can be generated in the metal sleeve, the induction current can generate alternating induction magnetic fields around the metal sleeve, the alternating induction magnetic fields generated around the sleeve can be mutually overlapped with the alternating magnetic fields around the armored optical cable, the alternating induction magnetic fields distributed along the armored optical cable are interfered and changed, and as a result, the underground magnetic force detection instrument can not accurately detect the position and the geographical orientation of the armored optical cable outside the sleeve.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to ensure that permanent armored optical cables arranged outside the casings of the vertical well, the inclined well and the horizontal well cannot be broken by perforation ejection during perforation, specific depth positions and geographic orientations of the armored optical cables outside the casings need to be measured in advance before directional perforation is implemented, and specific depth and geographic orientation data of the armored optical cables at the anti-perforation well section are provided for directional perforation operation. In view of the existing drawbacks of using acoustic generators or permanent magnetic materials placed beside the armored cable or using alternating current supplied to stainless steel tubes of protective optical fibers within the armored cable to produce an induced magnetic field to detect the position and geographical orientation of the armored cable outside the sleeve, there is a need for a method and technique for detecting the specific depth position and geographical orientation of the armored cable outside the sleeve with low cost, high accuracy and high reliability. The invention provides a method for continuously transmitting sound wave signals with fixed frequency and fixed amplitude by adopting a controllable sound source arranged at the upper part of an underground perforating gun, controlling the perforating gun by a ground logging truck, simultaneously starting a DAS instrument connected with an external armored optical cable of a casing near a wellhead to continuously record the sound wave signals transmitted by the controllable sound source arranged in the perforating gun, judging the position and the azimuth of a piezoelectric crystal sound source generator arranged in the controllable sound source arranged in the perforating gun relative to the armored optical cable according to the intensity of the controllable sound source signals arranged in the underground armored optical cable and measured by the ground DAS instrument, and then measuring the specific depth position and the geographic azimuth of the armored optical cable outside the casing according to the azimuth attitude data of the perforating gun provided by an internal gyroscope of the perforating gun, so as to provide specific depth and geographic azimuth data of the armored optical cable of an anti-jet well section for directional perforation operation. The method can also be used for measuring the azimuth of the armored optical cable outside the casing pipe of the perforation well section before perforation, directly controlling and adjusting the anti-perforation azimuth of the perforation gun to be consistent with the azimuth of the armored optical cable outside the casing pipe from the ground, and then starting the directional perforation gun to shoot out the part of the casing pipe without the armored optical cable outside the casing pipe.
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a directional system and a directional method for continuously transmitting sound signals with fixed frequency and fixed amplitude by adopting a controllable sound source arranged at the upper part of an underground perforating gun and controlling the sound source arranged in the perforating gun through a ground logging truck, judging the position and the direction of a piezoelectric crystal sound source generator in the controllable sound source arranged in the perforating gun relative to an armored cable according to the intensity of the controllable sound source signal arranged in the perforating gun and measured by a ground DAS instrument in an underground armored cable, and then measuring the specific depth position and the geographic direction of the armored cable outside a sleeve according to the azimuth gesture data of the perforating gun provided by a built-in gyroscope of the perforating gun, so as to provide specific depth and geographic direction of the armored cable avoiding the well section for directional perforation operation.
The invention provides a casing external armored optical cable orientation system with a built-in controllable sound source, which comprises a metal casing, a wellhead ground logging truck, a DAS instrument of a connecting casing external armored optical cable arranged at a wellhead, a perforating gun with the built-in controllable sound source under the well and an armored optical cable arranged outside the metal casing.
The underground perforating gun with the built-in controllable sound source is connected with the wellhead ground logging truck through an armored logging cable, and the wellhead ground logging truck controls the underground perforating gun with the built-in controllable sound source through the armored logging cable; DAS instruments for connecting the armored optical cable outside the sleeve are simultaneously arranged near the ground wellhead; the perforating gun with the built-in controllable sound source comprises a high-temperature-resistant and high-pressure-resistant shell made of metal or composite materials, wherein the inside of the perforating gun comprises various combined perforating bullets distributed along the perforating gun body, and the built-in controllable sound source is arranged at the upper part of the perforating gun with the built-in controllable sound source. The built-in controllable sound source consists of a piezoelectric crystal sound source generator and a sound source driving circuit, wherein the piezoelectric crystal sound source generator and the sound source driving circuit are respectively arranged at two sides of the inside of the built-in controllable sound source, and the piezoelectric crystal sound source generator is not positioned at the central part of the built-in controllable sound source.
The perforating gun with the built-in controllable sound source in the well also comprises a gyroscope, wherein the gyroscope can be a mechanical gyroscope, an electronic gyroscope or an optical fiber gyroscope.
The system comprises a control system, a computer system, a data storage module, a data remote transmission module, an amplifying and analog-digital conversion module, a data remote transmission module, a data storage module and a data remote transmission module, wherein the control system is used for controlling the underground perforating gun with a controllable sound source to the inside of the ground logging truck in a synchronous manner during operation, and the computer system is used for transmitting three-component attitude data of the perforating gun gyroscope acquired by the instrument in real time.
The multichannel signal amplifier of the amplifying and analog-to-digital conversion module is a low-noise low-frequency amplifier, and the multichannel analog-to-digital converter module is a 32-bit analog-to-digital converter with the sampling rate of 4000 Hz. The data storage module is a multi-channel high-temperature-resistant solid-state memory.
The armored optical cable is made by adopting a continuous metal tubule and an outer-wrapping armored stainless steel wire to package single-mode or multi-mode or special optical fibers.
The device also comprises an annular metal clip, wherein the annular metal clip is fixedly arranged at the metal sleeve boot where the two metal sleeves are connected, and the armored optical cable is protected from moving and/or being damaged during sleeve running and well cementation operation.
The data acquisition method of the external casing armored optical cable directional system with the built-in controllable sound source comprises the following steps:
(a) Synchronously and slowly lowering a metal sleeve and an armored optical cable into a well hole after drilling;
(b) The annular metal clip is arranged at the joint of the two metal sleeves at the wellhead, so that the armored optical cable is fixed and protected from moving and/or being damaged in the sleeve-setting process;
(c) Pumping cement slurry from the bottom of a well by using a high-pressure pump truck, returning the cement slurry to the well head along an annular area between the outer wall of the metal sleeve and the drilled hole from the bottom of the well, and permanently fixing the metal sleeve, the armored optical cable and the stratum together after the cement slurry is solidified;
(d) Calibrating a gyroscope in a perforating gun of a downhole built-in controllable acoustic source at a wellhead, slowly lowering the perforating gun of the downhole built-in controllable acoustic source from the axial lead of a metal sleeve to a preset perforation well section or the bottom of the well, and connecting an armored optical cable at the wellhead with a DAS instrument which is placed near the wellhead and records acoustic signals emitted by the acoustic source in the downhole armored optical cable;
(e) The well head ground logging truck sends out an instruction to start the built-in controllable sound source to emit sound wave signals with fixed frequency and fixed amplitude, meanwhile, a DAS instrument near the well head is started to continuously record the sound wave signals emitted by the built-in controllable sound source, and at the moment, the perforating gun of the built-in controllable sound source in the well is slowly lifted upwards; continuously recording acoustic wave signals emitted by the built-in controllable acoustic source by a ground DAS instrument, and simultaneously continuously measuring the real-time attitude of the perforating gun with the built-in controllable acoustic source along the inner wall of the metal sleeve by a gyroscope in the perforating gun with the built-in controllable acoustic source; after measuring the attitude data (attitude track) of the perforating gun with the controllable sound source arranged in the well in the metal sleeve of the complete well section or the planned perforating section, the perforating gun with the controllable sound source arranged in the well is lifted out of the well mouth;
(f) Processing sound source field intensity and position of sound wave signals emitted by built-in controllable sound sources distributed along an armored optical cable outside the sleeve and recorded by a ground DAS instrument, wherein the azimuth and position indicated by the strongest sound source signal are the geographic azimuth and position of the fixed armored optical cable outside the metal sleeve; the length of the armored logging cable in the pit is the measurement depth;
(g) And projecting the strongest sound source field intensity vector measured by the perforating gun with the built-in controllable sound source along the inner wall of the metal sleeve onto the well track of the gyroscope corresponding to the underground measurement depth, so that the different depth positions and the corresponding geographic orientations of the armored optical cable under the well can be drawn.
Centralizers are arranged above and below the perforating gun with the built-in controllable sound source in the well, so that the perforating gun with the built-in controllable sound source in the well is always positioned in the center of the sleeve during operation. A gyroscope in the perforating gun with the built-in controllable sound source continuously measures three-component attitude data of the perforating gun with the built-in controllable sound source along the inner wall of the sleeve. Processing sound wave signals recorded by a ground DAS instrument and transmitted by a controllable sound source arranged in a perforating gun distributed along an armored optical cable outside the sleeve, wherein the azimuth and the position indicated by the strongest sound source signal are the geographic azimuth and the position of the fixed armored optical cable outside the metal sleeve; the length of the armored logging cable downhole is its measured depth. And projecting the strongest sound source field intensity vector measured by the perforating gun with the built-in controllable sound source along the inner wall of the metal sleeve onto the well track of the gyroscope corresponding to the underground measured depth, so that the positions of different depths of the armored optical cable in the underground and the corresponding geographic orientations of the armored optical cable can be drawn.
The invention provides a casing external armored optical cable orientation system with a built-in controllable sound source and a data acquisition method thereof, which are a method and a technology for detecting the specific depth position and the geographic azimuth of the casing external armored optical cable with low cost, high precision and high reliability. The invention provides a directional system and a directional method for continuously transmitting sound signals with fixed frequency and fixed amplitude by adopting a controllable sound source arranged at the upper part of an underground perforating gun and controlling the sound source arranged in the perforating gun through a ground logging truck, judging the position and the direction of a piezoelectric crystal sound source generator in the controllable sound source arranged in the perforating gun relative to an armored cable according to the intensity of the controllable sound source signal arranged in the underground armored cable and measured by a ground DAS instrument, and then measuring the specific depth position and the geographic direction of the armored cable outside a sleeve according to the azimuth posture data of the perforating gun provided by a built-in gyroscope of the perforating gun, and providing the specific depth and the geographic direction of the armored cable of an anti-jet well section for directional perforation operation. The specific depth position and the geographical azimuth of the armored cable outside the sleeve pipe, which are measured in advance before directional perforation, can provide specific depth and geographical azimuth data of the armored cable at the anti-jet well section for directional perforation operation so as to ensure that the permanently armored cable arranged outside the sleeve pipes of the vertical well, the inclined well and the horizontal well cannot be ejected and broken by perforation during perforation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a perforating gun of the present invention with a controllable acoustic source built into the well.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the outside-jacket installation of the armored fiber optic cable of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but they are not to be construed as limiting the invention, but merely as exemplifications, and are intended to provide advantages of the invention as more clearly and more readily understood.
The specific implementation mode of the external casing armored optical cable orientation system with the built-in controllable sound source is as follows:
example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the external casing armored optical cable orientation system with the built-in controllable sound source comprises an armored optical cable 1 arranged outside a metal casing 3, a wellhead ground logging truck 2, a perforating gun 5 with the built-in controllable sound source in the pit, and an armored logging cable 4 connected with the external casing armored optical cable orientation system with the built-in controllable sound source perforating gun in the pit; the armored optical cable 1 consists of a continuous stainless steel tubule and single-mode or multi-mode or special optical fibers packaged by an outer armored stainless steel wire; the optical fibers in the armored fiber optic cable 1 are connected to a distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing modem instrument DAS system 9 placed near the wellhead; the armored optical cable 1 is arranged outside the metal sleeve 3; the perforating gun 5 with a built-in controllable sound source is a high-temperature-resistant and high-pressure-resistant shell made of metal or composite materials, a gyroscope and a built-in controllable sound source 6 are arranged in the perforating gun, a piezoelectric crystal sound source generator 7 and a controllable sound source driving circuit 8 are arranged in the built-in controllable sound source 6, and a module for amplifying and analog-digital converting signals of the gyroscope, a data storage module and a data telemetry module are arranged; the gyroscope is fixed above a perforating gun 5 with a controllable sound source arranged in the well; the perforating gun 5 with the built-in controllable sound source is connected with the wellhead ground logging truck 2 through the armored logging cable 4, and the armored logging cable 4 on the wellhead ground logging truck 2 is used for operating the perforating gun 5 with the built-in controllable sound source in the well and the depth position of the perforating gun in the well.
The external armored optical cable directional system with the built-in controllable sound source also comprises an annular metal clip 20, wherein the annular metal clip 20 is fixedly arranged at the position of the metal sleeve 3 boot, and the armored optical cable 1 is protected from moving and/or being damaged in the sleeve-setting process.
In order to adapt to the severe environment of underground high temperature and high pressure, the optical cable laid underground mostly adopts armors with different materials and different structures, and aims to enhance the high temperature resistance, high pressure resistance, stretching resistance, extrusion resistance and impact resistance of the optical fiber laid underground, and ensure the integrity and smoothness of the optical fiber during underground operation. One of the more common armor techniques is to put single or several high temperature resistant single-mode or multi-mode or special optical fibers into a sealed small stainless steel tube for protection. According to the magnitude of the underground pressure and the external force intensity in the underground operation process, one or more layers of stainless steel pipes with slightly larger diameters are sometimes sleeved outside the small stainless steel pipes provided with single or a plurality of high-temperature resistant optical fibers, and one or more layers of armored stainless steel wires are even wound outside the plurality of layers of stainless steel pipes so as to enhance the stretching resistance, extrusion resistance and impact resistance of the armored optical cable.
The embodiment proposes to use a single-mode or multi-mode or special optical fiber packaged by a continuous stainless steel tubule and an encased armored stainless steel wire to manufacture the armored optical cable 1, wherein the optical fiber in the armored optical cable 1 near a wellhead is linked to a distributed optical fiber acoustic wave sensing modem instrument (DAS) system 9 placed near the wellhead, and acoustic wave signals received by the downhole armored optical cable 1 are collected. The perforating gun 5 with a built-in controllable sound source is used in the metal sleeve 3, the specific depth position and the geographic orientation of the armored optical cable 1 which is permanently distributed outside the metal sleeve 3 and extends along the metal sleeve 3 are determined by measuring the sound source signals with fixed frequency and fixed amplitude and the tracks of the piezoelectric crystal sound source generators 7 with built-in controllable sound sources 6 in the metal sleeve 3 and the field intensity of the sound source signals in the armored optical cable 1 and the tracks of the corresponding piezoelectric crystal sound source generators 7 in the metal sleeve 3 recorded by the DAS instrument 9.
The wellhead ground logging truck 2 and the underground perforating gun 5 with a controllable sound source are connected through an armored logging cable 4. In operation, the optical fibers in the armored optical cable 1 near the wellhead are linked to the distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing modem instrument DAS system 9 placed near the wellhead, and acoustic signals received by the underground armored optical cable 1 are collected. The perforating gun 5 with the built-in controllable sound source continuously emits the sound wave signals with fixed frequency and fixed amplitude, and simultaneously transmits the three-component gyroscope data acquired by the perforating gun to the control and recording computer system in the wellhead ground logging truck 2 in real time.
The gyroscope may be a mechanical gyroscope, or an electronic gyroscope, or a fiber optic gyroscope.
The controllable sound source can be a piezoelectric crystal sound source signal generator or other remote controllable sound source signal generators.
Centralizers are arranged above and below the perforating gun 5 with the built-in controllable sound source in the well, so that the perforating gun 5 with the built-in controllable sound source in the well is always positioned in the center of the sleeve during operation. The gyroscope inside the perforating gun 5 with the built-in controllable sound source is used for continuously measuring real-time attitude data of the perforating gun 5 with the built-in controllable sound source along the inner wall of the sleeve. The ground logging truck 2 is used for controlling the built-in controllable sound source 6 to continuously emit sound wave signals with fixed frequency and fixed amplitude, the position and the azimuth of the piezoelectric crystal sound source generator 7 in the built-in controllable sound source 6 relative to the armored cable 1 are determined according to the intensity of the signals of the built-in controllable sound source 6 in the underground armored cable 1 measured by the ground DAS instrument 9, then the specific depth position and the geographic azimuth of the sheathed tube armored cable 1 are measured according to azimuth posture data of the perforating gun 5 provided by a perforating gun built-in gyroscope, and a specific depth and geographic azimuth of the armored cable at the well section are provided for directional perforation operation.
A continuous metal casing 3 of several hundred to several thousand meters in length is achieved by continuously running several tens to several hundreds of metal casings of length around 10 meters into the borehole. The bottom of each metal sleeve with the length of about 10 meters is provided with a sleeve boot with the diameter slightly larger than that of the metal sleeve 3, and the sleeve boot is used for fixing the head and the tail of the two metal sleeves 3 together, and meanwhile, the phenomenon that the upper metal sleeve 3 and the lower metal sleeve 3 are eccentric or not aligned at the butt joint point is avoided. In order to protect the armored cable 1 from being worn out during the operation of the well simultaneously with the metal casing 3 or from being crushed or broken at the location of the casing shoe, an annular metal clip 20 is mounted and fixed at the location of each metal casing shoe for protecting the armored cable 1 passing outside the metal casing 3 through the location of the casing shoe from being moved and/or damaged.
After the armored cable 1 is laid outside the metal casing 3 of a vertical well, an inclined well or a horizontal well and the metal casing 3 is permanently fixed with the armored cable 1 and the stratum outside by cementing cement, the optical fibers inside the armored cable 1 are connected to a distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing modem DAS instrument 9 placed near the wellhead at the wellhead. The ground logging truck 2 is used for controlling the built-in controllable sound source 6 to continuously emit sound wave signals with fixed frequency and fixed amplitude, the position and the azimuth of the piezoelectric crystal sound source generator 7 in the built-in controllable sound source 6 relative to the armored optical cable 1 are judged according to the intensity of the signals of the built-in controllable sound source 6 in the underground armored optical cable 1 measured by a DAS instrument 9 on the ground, and then the specific depth position and the geographic azimuth of the armored optical cable 1 outside the sleeve are measured according to azimuth posture data of the perforating gun 5 of the built-in controllable sound source provided by a gyroscope.
The data acquisition method of the external casing armored optical cable orientation system with the built-in controllable sound source comprises the following steps:
a. adopting a continuous metal tubule and an outsourced stainless steel armoured steel wire to package single-mode or multi-mode or special optical fibers to manufacture an armoured optical cable 1;
b. the armored optical cable 1 fixed on the outer side of the metal sleeve 3 and the metal sleeve 3 are synchronously and slowly put into the well hole after drilling;
c. the annular metal clip 20 is arranged at the joint of the two metal sleeves 3 at the wellhead, so that the armored optical cable 1 is fixed and protected from moving and/or being damaged in the sleeve-setting process;
d. pumping cement slurry from the bottom of a well by using a high-pressure pump truck, returning the cement slurry to the well head from the bottom of the well along an annular area between the outer wall of the metal sleeve 3 and the drilled hole, and permanently fixing the metal sleeve 3, the armored optical cable 1 and the stratum together after the cement slurry is solidified;
e. firstly calibrating a gyroscope in a perforating gun 5 with a built-in controllable sound source in a well at a well head, then slowly lowering the perforating gun 5 with the built-in controllable sound source from the axial lead of a metal sleeve 3 to a preset perforation well section or the well bottom, and connecting an armored optical cable 1 at the well head with a DAS instrument 9 which is placed near the well head and records sound wave signals emitted by the sound source in the underground armored optical cable;
f. the wellhead ground logging truck 2 sends out an instruction to start the underground built-in controllable sound source 6 to emit sound wave signals with fixed frequency and fixed amplitude, meanwhile, a DAS instrument 9 near the wellhead is started to continuously record the sound wave signals emitted by the built-in controllable sound source 6, and at the moment, the underground built-in controllable sound source perforating gun 5 is slowly lifted upwards; while the DAS instrument 9 on the ground continuously records the sound wave signals emitted by the built-in controllable sound source 6, a gyroscope in the perforating gun 5 with the built-in controllable sound source is used for continuously measuring the real-time gesture of the perforating gun 5 with the built-in controllable sound source along the inner wall of the metal sleeve 3; after measuring the attitude data (attitude track) of the perforating gun 5 with the controllable sound source built in the underground inside the metal sleeve 3 of the complete well section or the planned perforating section, the perforating gun 5 with the controllable sound source built in the underground is lifted out of the well mouth;
g. processing sound wave signals recorded by a ground DAS instrument and transmitted by built-in controllable sound sources 6 distributed along the armored optical cable 1 outside the sleeve, wherein the azimuth and the position indicated by the strongest sound source signals are the geographic azimuth and the position of the fixed armored optical cable 1 outside the metal sleeve 3; the length of the armored logging cable 4 in the pit is the measurement depth;
h. the strongest sound source field intensity vector measured by the perforating gun 5 with the built-in controllable sound source in the well along the inner wall of the metal sleeve 3 is projected onto the well track of the gyroscope corresponding to the measured depth in the well, and then the different depth positions and the corresponding geographic orientations of the armored optical cable 1 in the well can be drawn.
Example 2
The former steps of example 2 are the same as those of example 1 except that the difference in example 2 is that the position and orientation of the armored cable 1 outside the metal sleeve 33 are measured while the directional perforation operation is performed, and the directional perforation is performed while avoiding the armored cable 1 in real time. The specific implementation steps are that before the directional perforation operation, the azimuth and specific position of the armored optical cable 1 outside the metal sleeve 3 of the perforation well section are measured by the method, the perforating gun 5 with the directional built-in controllable sound source is directly controlled and regulated from the ground, the anti-shooting azimuth of the perforating gun 5 with the directional built-in controllable sound source is consistent with the azimuth of the armored optical cable 1 outside the metal sleeve 3, and then the perforating gun 5 with the directional built-in controllable sound source is started to shoot the sleeve part without the armored optical cable 1 outside the sleeve 3. The pre-designed directional perforation well sections are sequentially carried out in this way until all the pre-designed directional perforation well sections are completed.
Claims (1)
1. The data acquisition method of the external casing armored optical cable orientation system with the built-in controllable sound source comprises an armored optical cable (1), a wellhead ground logging truck (2), a metal casing (3), a perforating gun (5) with the built-in controllable sound source in the well, and a DAS instrument (9) which is placed near the wellhead and records sound wave signals emitted by the sound source in the underground armored optical cable (1);
the armored optical cable (1) is arranged on the outer wall of the metal sleeve (3);
the underground perforating gun (5) with the built-in controllable sound source is connected with the wellhead ground logging truck (2) through the armored logging cable (4), and the wellhead ground logging truck (2) controls the operation of the underground perforating gun (5) with the built-in controllable sound source and the depth position of the underground perforating gun in a well through the armored logging cable (4);
the perforating gun (5) with the built-in controllable sound source in the pit comprises a high-temperature-resistant and high-pressure-resistant shell made of metal or composite materials, wherein the inside of the perforating gun comprises various combined perforating bullets distributed along a perforating gun body, the built-in controllable sound source (6) is arranged at the upper part in the perforating gun (5) with the built-in controllable sound source in the pit, and a gyroscope is also arranged in the perforating gun (5) with the built-in controllable sound source in the pit;
the armored optical cable (1) comprises single-mode or multi-mode or special optical fibers; the single-mode or multi-mode or special optical fiber is packaged in the continuous metal tubule;
the device also comprises an annular metal clip (20), wherein the annular metal clip (20) is fixedly arranged at the boot of the metal sleeve (3) to protect the armored optical cable (1) from being damaged in the sleeve-setting process;
the built-in controllable sound source (6) comprises a piezoelectric crystal sound source generator (7) and a sound source driving circuit (8); the piezoelectric crystal sound source generator (7) and the sound source driving circuit (8) are respectively arranged at two sides of the inside of the built-in controllable sound source body, and the piezoelectric crystal sound source generator (7) is not positioned at the central part of the built-in controllable sound source body;
the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Synchronously and slowly lowering the metal sleeve (3) and the armored optical cable (1) into the well hole after drilling;
(2) The annular metal clip (20) is arranged at the joint of the two metal sleeves (3) at the wellhead, so that the armored optical cable (1) is fixed and protected from moving and/or being damaged in the sleeve-setting process;
(3) Pumping cement slurry from the bottom of a well by using a high-pressure pump truck, returning the cement slurry to the well head from the bottom of the well along an annular area between the outer wall of the metal sleeve (3) and the drilled hole, and permanently fixing the metal sleeve (3), the armored optical cable (1) and the stratum together after the cement slurry is solidified;
(4) Firstly calibrating a gyroscope in a perforating gun (5) with a built-in controllable sound source in a well under the well at a well head, then slowly lowering the perforating gun (5) with the built-in controllable sound source under the well from the axial lead of a metal sleeve (3) to a preset perforation well section or the well bottom, and connecting an armored optical cable (1) with a DAS instrument (9) which is arranged near the well head and records sound wave signals emitted by the sound source in the underground armored optical cable (1) at the well head;
(5) The well head ground logging truck (2) sends out an instruction to start the built-in controllable sound source (6) to emit sound wave signals with fixed frequency and fixed amplitude, meanwhile, a DAS instrument (9) near the well head is started to continuously record) the sound wave signals emitted by the built-in controllable sound source (6), and at the moment, the perforating gun (5) of the built-in controllable sound source in the well is slowly lifted upwards; while the ground DAS instrument (9) continuously records the sound wave signals emitted by the built-in controllable sound source (6), a gyroscope in the underground perforating gun (5) with the built-in controllable sound source continuously measures the real-time gesture of the underground perforating gun (5) with the built-in controllable sound source along the inner wall of the metal sleeve (3); after measuring the attitude data or attitude track of a perforating gun (5) with a controllable sound source arranged in the whole well section or a planned perforating section in the underground of a metal sleeve (3), the perforating gun (5) with the controllable sound source arranged in the underground is lifted out of a well mouth;
(6) Processing sound wave signals emitted by a built-in controllable sound source (6) recorded by a ground DAS instrument (9), wherein the azimuth and the position indicated by the strongest sound source signal are the geographic azimuth and the position of a fixed armored optical cable (1) at the outer side of the metal sleeve (3); the length of the armored logging cable (4) in the pit is the measurement depth;
(7) And projecting the strongest sound source field intensity vector measured by the perforating gun (5) with the built-in controllable sound source along the inner wall of the metal sleeve (3) onto the well track of the gyroscope corresponding to the underground measurement depth, so that the different depth positions and the corresponding geographic orientations of the armored optical cable (1) in the underground can be drawn.
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| CN117127970B (en) * | 2023-10-26 | 2024-01-12 | 四川圣诺油气工程技术服务有限公司 | Liquid detection sampling open well integrated operation tool and use method |
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