CN110527552A - Suitable for the atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit accurate separation method of dynamic multicomponent mixture in real time - Google Patents
Suitable for the atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit accurate separation method of dynamic multicomponent mixture in real time Download PDFInfo
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- CN110527552A CN110527552A CN201910769248.7A CN201910769248A CN110527552A CN 110527552 A CN110527552 A CN 110527552A CN 201910769248 A CN201910769248 A CN 201910769248A CN 110527552 A CN110527552 A CN 110527552A
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000023077 detection of light stimulus Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009938 salting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012857 repacking Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011143 downstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004989 laser desorption mass spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005504 petroleum refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G32/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils by electric or magnetic means, by irradiation, or by using microorganisms
- C10G32/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils by electric or magnetic means, by irradiation, or by using microorganisms by electric or magnetic means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/201—Impurities
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
- C10G2300/4012—Pressure
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pipeline Systems (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses one kind to be suitable for the atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit accurate separation method of dynamic multicomponent mixture in real time.Including monitor portion, crude oil intake section, electrical desalter part and crude exports part；In electrical desalter inside top and bottom outside respectively to equipped with ray emitter and ray detector；Light component, emulsion layer, the thickness real-time monitoring of heavy constituent and calculating in electrical desalter are solved using ray attenuation principle；Based on thickness monitor as a result, adjusting aperture by host computer if being more than given threshold, so that the thickness of each group layering is precisely controlled in a certain given area, and realize that dynamic multicomponent mixture precisely separates in real time.The present invention can be used for the accurate monitoring and detection of light component, emulsion layer and heavy constituent thickness, be sufficiently separated emulsion layer by being automatically injected for demulsifier, can evade the influence of human factor to greatest extent, improve the efficiency of light heavy constituent separation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to petroleum refining industry's atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit electro-desalting processing methods, have particularly related to one kind and have been suitable for
The atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit accurate separation method of dynamic multicomponent mixture in real time.
Background technique
In petrochemical industry, electro-desalting be control atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit corrosion the first line of defence, the purpose is to remove water,
Salt (chloride), solid and other impurity into crude oil, to reduce the scaling in follow-up process, operation fluctuation
And the corrosion risk of process equipment, promote safe operation maintenance levels.In recent years, with the height of China's import middle-eastern crude
Sulphur, contains chlorine and heaviness at peracid, and the de-salting operation of electrical desalter is substantially carried out by experience, and one side desalting effect is bad, separately
On the one hand removing of the aqueous qualification rate of saliferous lower than technical requirement, especially chloride ion of de- rear crude oil, which is not thorough, directly leads
Cause the process pipe, heat exchanger, air cooler of Atmospheric vacuum system that dew point corrosion, NH occurs4Cl and NH4HS crystal corrosion, multiphase flow punching
The failure such as erosion, brings the stable operation of atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit, equipment anticorrosion, product quality and seriously affects, while giving downstream process
The Process anti-corrosion of device, safe O&M increase difficulty.
Currently, alleviating and reducing in atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit using modes such as water filling, note corrosion inhibiter, note neutralizers in oil refining enterprise
The corrosion risk of equipment achieves certain effect, however these measures solve the etching problem of ammonium salt not from source, special
It is not NH4The etching problem of Cl.In recent years, petroleum chemical enterprise occur because atmospheric tower, Top of Vacuum Tower follow pipeline, heat exchanger, air-cooled
The major accidents such as fire, explosion caused by device corrosion etc. are substantially related to ammonium salt crystallization corrosion, cause great economy damage
It becomes estranged undesirable social influence.Therefore, for the status of current atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit electric desalting technology, oil refining enterprise needs a kind of energy
Enough realize the system and method that efficiently separate of atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit electrical desalter weight component, light group in real-time monitoring electrical desalter
Point, the thickness of heavy constituent and emulsion layer, so as to more precise control is light, the separation of heavy constituent, promoted to greatest extent chlorine from
The removal effect of son, improves the security and stability of atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit.
Summary of the invention
It is not easy to monitor in order to effectively solve light component in Atmospheric vacuum electrical desalter, heavy constituent and emulsion layer thickness, from
Dynamicization is horizontal low, and weight component separates insufficient problem, and the present invention proposes a kind of dynamic in real time suitable for atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit
The accurate separation method of multicomponent mixture, the invention can be accurately detected weight component and the thickness of each layer of emulsion layer in electrical desalter
Degree, and realize that dynamic multicomponent mixture precisely separates in real time.
In order to achieve the above object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
Using multicomponent mixture separation system, system includes electrical desalter and monitor portion, crude oil intake section, electro-desalting
Tank part and crude exports part.
The monitor portion includes pressure sensor, the first ray emitter, the second ray emitter, third ray hair
Emitter, the first ray detector, the second ray detector, third ray detector, RS485 bus, host computer；First ray hair
Emitter, the second ray emitter, third ray emitter are equidistantly horizontally arranged at electrical desalter top inner wall leftward position, the
It is left that one ray detector, the second ray detector, third ray detector are equidistantly horizontally arranged at electrical desalter bottom outer wall
Side position, the first ray detector, the second ray detector, third ray detector respectively with the first ray emitter, second
Ray emitter, third ray emitter correspondence are arranged in opposite directions on same vertical direction；Pressure sensor is mounted on third and penetrates
Electrical desalter top inner wall on the right side of line transmitter；Pressure sensor and three ray emitters, three ray detectors pass through
RS485 bus and host computer communicate to connect.
The electrical desalter part includes de- preceding crude oil entrance, recombination sub-export and inflating port；Electrical desalter bottom occupies
In offer it is de- before crude oil entrance, electrical desalter bottom side offers recombination sub-export, recombination sub-export be located at it is de- before crude oil
De- rear crude exports are offered on the right side of entrance, at the top of electrical desalter between two parties；Electrical desalter top side offers inflating port, inflation
Mouth is located on the right side of de- rear crude exports；Inflating port is connected through the 6th valve with suction port of compressor；Electrical desalter part, which is provided with, to be filled
Port can change the pressure in electrical desalter by inflating.
The crude oil intake section include mixer, the first pump, the second pump, third pump, the first valve, the second valve,
Third valve and the 4th valve；First pump intake and demulsifier inlet connection, the first pump discharge is connected to mixed through the first valve
Clutch input terminal；Second pump intake and crude oil feeding mouth connection, the second pump discharge are connected to mixer input terminal through the second valve；
Third pumps one end and recombination sub-export connection, and the other end is connected to the input terminal of mixer through the 4th valve；The output of mixer
End crude oil entrance before de- by third valve connection；Wherein demulsifier is pumped into mixer through the first valve by the first pump,
Crude oil is pumped into mixer through the second valve by the second pump；Recombination lease making heavy constituent positioned at electrical desalter middle and lower part exports quilt
Third pumping through the 4th valve is pumped into mixer after going out；Demulsifier, crude oil and a part of heavy constituent of extraction are in a mixer
Successively enter electrical desalter through third valve, de- preceding crude oil entrance after being sufficiently mixed；It is polynary into crude oil after electrical desalter etc.
Successively it is divided into light component, emulsion layer and heavy constituent from top to bottom after component layering.
The crude exports part includes float and the 4th pump；Buoys float with floater shot is in electrical desalter
The bottom input port on light component surface, Floater Structure is deep under the liquid level of light component, and the delivery outlet of float is connected to by hose
The crude exports after de-；Crude exports are successively through the 5th valve and the 4th pump connection after de-, so that light component is pumped out through the 4th
Electrical desalter enters downstream.
First valve, the second valve, third valve, the 4th valve, the 5th valve are connected to through RS485 bus
Host computer；The host computer of monitor portion sends control signal to each valve independent control to each valve by RS485 bus.
In the monitor portion, the first ray emitter, the second ray emitter, third ray emitter issue different
The ray of frequency, and radiation frequencies are adjusted according to the difference of multicomponent mixture property in electrical desalter is respectively independent.
In the crude exports part, filter screen is installed between the 5th valve and the 4th pump.
Method and step is as follows:
Step 1) is by electrical desalter and monitor portion, crude oil intake section, electrical desalter part and crude exports part
Successively installation connects, and the second valve is kept to open always；Crude oil and emulsifier are after mixer is sufficiently mixed, by de- preceding former
Oil-in enters electrical desalter, is divided into light component, emulsion layer and heavy constituent from top to bottom in electrical desalter；
The first ray emitter of step 2), the second ray emitter, third ray emitter difference tranmitting frequency are different
Ray successively sequentially passes through light component, emulsion layer, heavy constituent and arrives separately at the first ray detector, the second ray detector,
Trilete rays detector, three ray detectors send the signal received to host computer by RS485 bus；Similarly, pressure
The signal that sensor receives sends host computer to by RS485 bus；
Step 3) host computer receives signal, obtains each layer of multicomponent mixture in electrical desalter after carrying out processing calculating to signal
Thickness and acquisition obtain pressure inside the tank information, T2Indicate light component thickness, T3Indicate emulsion layer thickness, T4Indicate recombination
Divide thickness, P indicates the pressure in electrical desalter；
If the thickness T of step 4) emulsion layer3More than setting emulsion layer threshold value T3max, then host computer issues control signal and gives
First valve and the 4th valve carry out aperture control, and skip to step 5)；If emulsion layer thickness is less than the cream of emulsion layer setting
Change layer threshold value T3max, then the first valve and the 4th valve remain unchanged；
If the thickness T of light component2More than setting light component threshold value T2max, then host computer issue control signal to the second valve,
Third valve and the 5th valve control aperture, and skip to step 6)；If T2It is less than setting light component threshold value T2max, then the second valve
Door, third valve and the 5th valve opening remain unchanged；
If heavy constituent thickness T4More than setting heavy constituent threshold value T4max, then host computer issues control signal to the 4th valve control
Aperture processed, and skip to step 7)；If T4It is less than setting heavy constituent threshold value T4max, then the 4th valve opening remains unchanged；
If the pressure P in electrical desalter is lower than preset pressure threshold Pmax, then host computer issues control signal to the
Six valves, are adjusted to step 8)；If P >=Pmax, then the 6th valve remains off；
The first valve of step 5), the 4th valve increase aperture after receiving control signal, increase demulsification agent flux respectively, and
With crude oil and from the recombination lease making mixer that electrical desalter bottom is extracted out be sufficiently mixed after by crude oil entrance injection electricity before de-
Desalter is sufficiently separated light component and heavy constituent in emulsion layer；
The 5th valve of step 6) increases aperture after receiving control signal, and light component is by float, hose and former after de-
Oil export accelerates extraction by the 4th pump；The second valve, third valve reduce aperture simultaneously, slow down crude oil and mixed liquor enters electricity and takes off
The speed of salt cellar；
The 4th valve of step 7) increases aperture after receiving control signal, accelerates the speed of heavy constituent extraction；
The 6th valve of step 8) and compressor open simultaneously, and inflate to electrical desalter, until the pressure P in electrical desalter reaches
To preset pressure threshold Pmax。
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The present invention is based on the light components in ray attenuation principle real-time dynamic monitoring judgement oil refining Atmospheric vacuum electrical desalter, cream
Change the thickness of layer and heavy constituent, and host computer is transmitted a signal to by RS485 bus, host computer is based on solution calculation method and obtains
The thickness of light component, emulsion layer, heavy constituent out, and demulsifier and light component are precisely adjusted by adjusting corresponding valve opening
Draw speed guarantees that accurate Dynamic Separation is realized in the light component layer in electrical desalter, emulsion layer, recombination layering, has both improved point
From effect and electro-desalting efficiency, and the dosage of demulsifier can be saved to greatest extent, realize automation Precision management, avoid and think
It is influenced caused by factor, stable for subsequent atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit covers with excellent stable operation and provide safety guarantee.The present invention can fit
For in petrochemical industry atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit technology of electric de-salting, practical, repacking conveniently, to be applicable to different crude oils product
Technology of electric de-salting under kind, different pressures operating condition.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is multicomponent mixture separation system structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
In Fig. 1: 1, monitor portion；2, crude oil intake section；3, electrical desalter part；4, crude exports part；5, pressure
Sensor；601, the first ray emitter；602, the second ray emitter；603, third ray emitter；7, crude oil enters before taking off
Mouthful；8, light component；9, heavy constituent；10, emulsion layer；11, float；12, filter screen；13, electrical desalter；14, crude exports after taking off；
15, RS485 bus；16, host computer；17, mixer；1801, the first pump；1802, the second pump；1803, third pumps；1804,
Four pumps；1805, compressor；1901, the first valve；1902, the second valve；1903, third valve；1904, the 4th valve；
1905, the 5th valve；20, sub-export is recombinated；21, inflating port；22, hose；2301, the first ray detector；2302, it second penetrates
Line detector；2303, third ray detector.
Specific embodiment
Following further describes the present invention with reference to the drawings.
Weight component separation system working principle of the invention, the course of work are as follows:
As shown in Figure 1, for the present invention --- suitable for refining oil the multicomponent mixture separation system structural representation of atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit
Figure.Including electrical desalter 13 and monitor portion 1, crude oil intake section 2, electrical desalter part 3 and crude exports part 4；Its
Middle monitor portion 1 includes pressure sensor 5, the first ray emitter 601, the second ray emitter 602, third ray emitter
603, the first ray detector 2301, the second ray detector 2302, third ray detector 2303,485 bus 15 of RS, on
Position machine 16；First ray emitter 601, the second ray emitter 602, third ray emitter 603 are equidistantly horizontally arranged at
13 top inner wall leftward position of electrical desalter, the first ray detector 2301, the second ray detector 2302, third X-ray detection X
Device 2303 is equidistantly horizontally arranged at 13 bottom outer wall leftward position of electrical desalter, the first ray detector 2301, the second ray
Detector 2302, third ray detector 2303 are penetrated with the first ray emitter 601, the second ray emitter 602, third respectively
The correspondence of line transmitter 603 is arranged in opposite directions on same vertical direction；It is right that pressure sensor 5 is mounted on third ray emitter 603
13 top inner wall of electrical desalter of side；601,602,603, three ray detectors of pressure sensor 5 and three ray emitters
2301, it 2302,2303 is communicated to connect by RS485 bus 15 and host computer 16；Electrical desalter part 3 includes de- preceding crude oil entrance
7, sub-export 20 and inflating port 21 are recombinated；13 bottom of electrical desalter offers de- preceding crude oil entrance 7,13 bottom of electrical desalter between two parties
Side offers recombination sub-export 20, and recombination sub-export 20 is located at de- preceding 7 right side of crude oil entrance, and 13 top of electrical desalter is opened between two parties
Equipped with de- rear crude exports 14；13 top side of electrical desalter offers inflating port 21, and inflating port 21 is located at de- rear crude exports
14 right sides；Inflating port 21 is connected through the 6th valve 1906 with 1805 entrance of compressor, and nitrogen is from compressor 1805 through the 6th valve
1906 are passed into electrical desalter 13.
Crude oil intake section 2 includes 1801, second pump 1802 of the pump of mixer 17, first, third the 1803, first valve of pump
1901, the second valve 1902, third valve 1903 and the 4th valve 1904；First 1801 entrances of pump and demulsifier inlet join
Logical, 1801 outlet of the first pump is connected to 17 input terminal of mixer through the first valve 1901；Second 1802 entrances of pump and crude oil feeding
Mouth connection, 1802 outlet of the second pump are connected to 17 input terminal of mixer through the second valve 1902；Third pumps 1803 one end and recombination
20 connection of sub-export, the other end are connected to the input terminal of mixer 17 through the 4th valve 1904；The output end of mixer 17 passes through
1903 connection of third valve crude oil entrance 7 before de-；Wherein demulsifier is pumped by the first pump 1801 through the first valve 1901
Mixer 17, crude oil are pumped into mixer 17 through the second valve 1902 by the second pump 1802；Positioned at 13 middle and lower part of electrical desalter
Recombination lease making heavy constituent outlet 20 through the 4th valve 1904 be pumped into mixer 17 after 1803 extraction of third pump；Demulsifier,
Crude oil and a part of heavy constituent 9 of extraction successively enter through third valve 1903, de- preceding crude oil after being sufficiently mixed in mixer 17
Mouth 7 enters electrical desalter 13；Successively it is divided into light component 8, cream from top to bottom after into the multicomponent mixture layering after electrical desalter 13
Change layer 10 and heavy constituent 9；
Crude exports part 4 includes float 11 and the 4th pump 1804；Float 11 with floater shot floats on electrical desalter
8 surface of light component in 13, the bottom input port of 11 structure of float are deep under the liquid level of light component 8, the delivery outlet of float 11
De- rear crude exports 14 are connected to by hose 22；Crude exports 14 are successively through the 5th valve 1905, filter screen 12 and the after de-
Four 1804 connection of pump enter flash column so that light component 8 pumps out electrical desalter 13 into downstream through the 4th pump 1804.
First valve 1901, the second valve 1902, third valve 1903, the 4th valve 1904, the 5th valve 1905 pass through
RS485 bus 15 is connected to host computer 16；The host computer 16 of monitor portion 1 is sent to each valve by RS485 bus 15 and is controlled
Signal processed is to each 1901,1902,1903,1904,1905 independent control of valve.
In monitor portion 1, the first ray emitter 601, the second ray emitter 602, third ray emitter 603 are issued
The ray of different frequency, and radiation frequencies are adjusted according to the difference of multicomponent mixture property in electrical desalter 13 is respectively independent.Wherein
Safety valve, purposes are set near inflating port 21 at 13 top of electrical desalter are as follows: set once the pressure of electrical desalter 13 is higher than
Determine threshold value, is emptied for urgent discharging；Discharge valve is set close to heavy constituent outlet port in 13 bottom of electrical desalter, it is de- for electricity
Heavy constituent thickness is exceeded in salt cellar 13 and when not can be effectively controlled liquid level, is used for dump.
For being suitable for the atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit accurate separation method of dynamic multicomponent mixture in real time, the separation method step
It is as follows:
Step 1) is by electrical desalter 13 and monitor portion 1, crude oil intake section 2, electrical desalter part 3 and crude exports
Part 4 is successively installed and is connected, and the second valve 1902 is kept to open always；Crude oil and emulsifier are sufficiently mixed through mixer 17
Afterwards, electrical desalter 13 is entered by de- preceding crude oil entrance 7, is divided into light component 8, emulsion layer 10 from top to bottom in electrical desalter 13
With heavy constituent 9；
Step 2) the first ray emitter 601, the second ray emitter 602, third ray emitter 603 emit frequency respectively
The different ray of rate, successively sequentially pass through light component 8, emulsion layer 10, heavy constituent 9 arrive separately at the first ray detector 2301,
Second ray detector 2302, third ray detector 2303, three ray detectors are total by RS485 by the signal received
Line 15 sends host computer 16 to；Similarly, the signal that pressure sensor 5 receives sends host computer 16 to by RS485 bus 15；
Step 3) host computer 16 receives signal, carries out obtaining multicomponent mixture in electrical desalter after processing calculating to signal each
The thickness of layer, and acquisition obtain the information of pressure inside the tank, T2Indicate 8 thickness of light component, T3Indicate 10 thickness of emulsion layer, T4Table
Show that 9 thickness of heavy constituent, P indicate the pressure in electrical desalter 13.
Wherein in electrical desalter each thickness degree of multicomponent mixture calculation method are as follows:
1. the ray of the first ray emitter 601 transmitting certain frequency is simultaneously received, emissive porwer by ray detector 2301
For I0Narrow beam list energy ray, the intensity received be I transmitted intensity, indicate are as follows:
I=I0×e-μT (1)
In formula, μ indicates that line attenuation coefficient, T indicate ray penetration thickness；
Assuming that the intensity that ray reaches 8 upper surface of light component is I1, pass through light component 8 and reach light component 8 and emulsion layer 10
The intensity of interface is I2, the intensity for reaching the interface of emulsion layer 10 and heavy constituent 9 across emulsion layer 10 is I3, pass through recombination
Dividing 9 intensity for reaching 13 bottom insides of electrical desalter is I4, received after electrical desalter 13 by the first ray detector 2301
The intensity arrived is I5；μ1、μ2、μ3、μ4、μ5Respectively correspond gas, light component, emulsion layer, heavy constituent and electrical desalter 13 wall thickness
Line attenuation coefficient.Approximation noenergy decays when ray passes through gas, i.e. μ1=0, I1=I0；
②μ2、μ3、μ4、μ5It is demarcated in advance according to experimental method, first measurement μ5, 13 bottom wall thickness of electrical desalter is
Know, i.e. T5, electrical desalter 13 is interior without medium, and the first ray emitter 601 issues ray, intensity I0, directly pass through air and electricity
13 wall thickness of desalter, it is I that the first ray detector 2301, which receives transmitted intensity,5, line attenuation coefficient μ5It calculates are as follows:
μ5=-ln (I5/I0)/T5 (2)
For μ2、μ3、μ4Measurement, with μ2For, electrical desalter 13 has with a thickness of TnThe light component 8 of (n=1,2,3 ...),
First ray emitter 601 issues ray, intensity I0, the intensity of the intensity after air and light component 8 is I2, it is then passed through
13 bottom of electrical desalter, the transmitted intensity that the first ray detector 2301 receives are I5, by TnChange k times, i.e. k=1,2,
3 ..., n, the intensity after air and light component 8 are I2k, the first ray detector 2301 receives corresponding k ray signal
I5k, intensity is respectively I51, I52, I53…, I5k, then:
It is calculated according to the two above derivation of equation:
By repeatedly measuring, to μ21, μ22, μ23..., μ2kIt averages, obtains:
It is similar to solve μ2Method can find out μ3、μ4；
3. solution obtains μ2、μ3、μ4、μ5It afterwards, can in electrical desalter 13 there are when light component 8, emulsion layer 10, heavy constituent 9
List equation group:
Simultaneous can be in the hope of:
Formula (11) is derived from:
μ2T2+μ3T3+μ4T4=-μ5T5-lnI5/I0 (12)
Similar, in conjunction with the second ray emitter 602 and the second ray detector 2302,603 and of third ray emitter
Third ray detector 2303 tests the data obtained and lists three Closure equation groups, is respectively as follows:
In above three formula,M=1,2,3, indicate m group ray
The data that transmitter-radiation transducers measures.Host computer finds out unknown quantity T according to equation group simultaneous2, T3, T4。
Specific embodiment are as follows: assuming that the ray energy of three transmitters transmitting is respectively as follows:
Then correspond to the transmitted intensity that ray detector receives are as follows:
13 bottom thickness of electrical desalter is 10mm, and line attenuation coefficient is respectively as follows: after measured
Above data is substituted into formula (13), formula (14), formula (15), it can be in the hope of T2=20mm, T3=10mm, T4
=30mm.Wherein T2, T3, T4Threshold value then according to practical technology of electric de-salting and depending on binding operation experience, host computer is according to detection
To light component layer, emulsion layer, recombination lift height and compared with threshold value, take appropriate measures to control in electrical desalter
The thickness of each group layering.
If the thickness T of step 4) emulsion layer 103More than setting emulsion layer threshold value T3max, then host computer 16 issues control letter
Number aperture control is carried out to the first valve 1901 and the 4th valve 1904, and skips to step 5)；If emulsion layer thickness is less than cream
Change the threshold value that layer 10 is set, then the first valve 1901 and the 4th valve 1904 remain unchanged；
If the thickness T of light component 82More than setting light component threshold value T2max, then host computer 16 issues control signal to the second valve
Door 1902, third valve 1903 and the 5th valve 1905 control aperture, and skip to step 6)；If T2It is less than setting light component threshold
Value T2max, then the second valve 1902, third valve 1903 and 1905 aperture of the 5th valve remain unchanged；
If 9 thickness T of heavy constituent4More than setting heavy constituent threshold value T4max, then host computer 16 issues control signal to the 4th valve
1904 control apertures, and skip to step 7)；If T4It is less than setting heavy constituent threshold value T4max, then 1904 aperture of the 4th valve is kept
It is constant；
If the pressure P in electrical desalter is lower than given threshold Pmax, then host computer 16 issues control signal to the 6th valve
1906, it is adjusted to step 8)；If P >=Pmax, then the 6th valve 1906 remains off, de- by being located at electricity if exceeded too many
Safety valve of 13 top of salt cellar near inflating port 21 releases stress；
Step 5) the first valve 1901, the 4th valve 1904 increase aperture after receiving control signal, increase demulsification respectively
Agent flux, and with crude oil and before the heavy constituent 9 that 13 bottom of electrical desalter is extracted out is after mixer 17 is sufficiently mixed by taking off
Crude oil entrance 7 injects electrical desalter 13, is sufficiently separated light component 8 and heavy constituent 9 in emulsion layer 10；
The 5th valve 1905 of step 6) increases aperture after receiving control signal, and light component 8 passes through float 11, hose 22 simultaneously
Crude exports 14 are accelerated to extract out by the 4th pump 1804 after de-；The second valve 1902, third valve 1903 reduce aperture simultaneously, subtract
Slow crude oil and mixed liquor enter the speed of electrical desalter 13；
The 4th valve 1904 of step 7) increases aperture after receiving control signal, accelerates the speed that heavy constituent 9 is extracted out；Herein
On the basis of, if the thickness of heavy constituent still constantly persistently rises, 13 bottom of emergency opening electrical desalter is close to recombination sub-export
The discharge valve dump of position closes discharge valve until the thickness of heavy constituent reaches given threshold thickness；Discharge valve is set
Purpose is: when heavy constituent thickness is exceeded in electrical desalter 13 and not can be effectively controlled the liquid level of electrical desalter 13, for tight
Anxious discharge；
The 6th valve 1906 of step 8) and compressor 1805 open simultaneously, and inflate to electrical desalter 13, until P reaches setting
Threshold value Pmax。
The present invention can obtain certain application effect in the technology of electric de-salting of oil refining atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit.It is passed including pressure
Monitoring unit including sensor, ray emitter, ray detector, RS485 bus, host computer can be with DCS, LIMS of enterprise
System compatible, especially pressure sensor and ray detector can be directly incorporated in DCS system, be got by DCS
Data were not only accurate but also quick, and host computer need to only extract pressure, transmitted intensity these two types signal.Mainly to three groups of transmitted intensities
Algorithm analysis is done, judges whether light component, emulsion layer, recombination lift height are more than given threshold.If being more than, host computer is logical
Transmission command adapted thereto is crossed to respective valves, controlling opening of valve, so that light component, emulsion layer, heavy constituent in electrical desalter
Thickness accurately controls, and has both improved desalination separating effect, in turn avoids manual operation bring error.
Technology of electric de-salting is atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit corrosion-resistant the first line of defence, the very big shadow of desalting and dewatering efficiency of technology of electric de-salting
Ring the safe operation of follow up device.As crude oil in poor quality is increasingly severe, efficiency and effect requirements to electro-desalting are significantly
It improves, and traditional artificial detection, advantage no longer, exacerbates waste and the subsequent technique of demulsifier to the method operated by rule of thumb
The corrosion of equipment.Atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit electrical desalter weight component separation system structure proposed by the present invention is simple, and repacking is convenient, spirit
Active strong, precision height is monitored and controlled in detection, has wide applicability.
Claims (5)
1. one kind is suitable for the atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit accurate separation method of dynamic multicomponent mixture in real time, it is characterised in that:
The separation method uses multicomponent mixture separation system, and multicomponent mixture separation system includes electrical desalter (13) and monitoring
Partially (1), crude oil intake section (2), electrical desalter part (3) and crude exports part (4)；
The monitor portion (1) includes pressure sensor (5), the first ray emitter (601), the second ray emitter
(602), third ray emitter (603), the first ray detector (2301), the second ray detector (2302), third ray
Detector (2303), 485 bus of RS (15), host computer (16)；First ray emitter (601), the second ray emitter
(602), third ray emitter (603) is equidistantly horizontally arranged at electrical desalter (13) top inner wall leftward position, and first penetrates
It is de- that line detector (2301), the second ray detector (2302), third ray detector (2303) are equidistantly horizontally arranged at electricity
Salt cellar (13) bottom outer wall leftward position, the first ray detector (2301), the second ray detector (2302), third ray are visited
It is right with the first ray emitter (601), the second ray emitter (602), third ray emitter (603) respectively to survey device (2303)
It should be arranged in opposite directions on same vertical direction；Pressure sensor (5) is mounted on the electro-desalting on the right side of third ray emitter (603)
Tank (13) top inner wall；Pressure sensor (5) and three ray emitters (601,602,603), three ray detectors
(2301,2302,2303) it is communicated to connect by RS485 bus (15) and host computer (16)；
The electrical desalter part (3) includes de- preceding crude oil entrance (7), recombination sub-export (20) and inflating port (21)；Electricity is de-
Salt cellar (13) bottom offers de- preceding crude oil entrance (7) between two parties, and electrical desalter (13) bottom side offers recombination sub-export
(20), recombination sub-export (20) is located on the right side of de- preceding crude oil entrance (7), offers de- rear crude oil at the top of electrical desalter (13) between two parties
It exports (14)；Electrical desalter (13) top side offers inflating port (21), and inflating port (21) is located at de- rear crude exports (14)
Right side；Inflating port (21) is connected through the 6th valve (1906) with compressor (1805) entrance；
The crude oil intake section (2) includes mixer (17), the first pump (1801), the second pump (1802), third pump
(1803), the first valve (1901), the second valve (1902), third valve (1903) and the 4th valve (1904)；First pump
(1801) entrance and demulsifier inlet connection, the first pump (1801) outlet are connected to mixer (17) through the first valve (1901)
Input terminal；Second pump (1802) entrance and crude oil feeding mouth connection, the second pump (1802) outlet are connected through the second valve (1902)
To mixer (17) input terminal；Third pumps (1803) one end and recombination sub-export (20) connection, and the other end is through the 4th valve
(1904) it is connected to the input terminal of mixer (17)；The output end of mixer (17) is by third valve (1903) connection before de-
Crude oil entrance (7)；Wherein demulsifier is pumped into mixer (17) by the first pump (1801) through the first valve (1901), and crude oil is logical
It crosses the second pump (1802) and is pumped into mixer (17) through the second valve (1902)；Heavy constituent positioned at electrical desalter (13) middle and lower part
Mixer (17) are pumped into through the 4th valve (1904) after recombination sub-export (20) is by third pump (1803) extraction；Demulsifier,
Crude oil and a part of heavy constituent (9) of extraction be sufficiently mixed in mixer (17) after successively through third valve (1903), it is de- before
Crude oil entrance (7) enters electrical desalter (13)；
The crude exports part (4) includes float (11) and the 4th pump (1804)；Float (11) floating with floater shot
In light component (8) surface in electrical desalter (13), the bottom input port of float (11) structure is deep into the liquid level of light component (8)
Under, the delivery outlet of float (11) is connected to de- rear crude exports (14) by hose (22)；Crude exports (14) successively pass through after de-
5th valve (1905) and the 4th pump (1804) connection, so that light component (8) pumps out electrical desalter (13) through the 4th pump (1804)；
Steps are as follows for the separation method:
Step 1) is by electrical desalter (13) and monitor portion (1), crude oil intake section (2), electrical desalter part (3) and crude oil
Exit portion (4) is successively installed and is connected, and the second valve (1902) is kept to open always；Crude oil and emulsifier are through mixer (17)
After being sufficiently mixed, electrical desalter (13) are entered by de- preceding crude oil entrance (7), are divided into from top to bottom in electrical desalter (13) light
Component (8), emulsion layer (10) and heavy constituent (9)；
The first ray emitter of step 2) (601), the second ray emitter (602), third ray emitter (603) emit respectively
The different ray of frequency successively sequentially passes through light component (8), emulsion layer (10), heavy constituent (9) and arrives separately at the first X-ray detection X
Device (2301), the second ray detector (2302), third ray detector (2303), the letter that three ray detectors will receive
Number host computer (16) are sent to by RS485 bus (15)；Similarly, the signal that pressure sensor (5) receives is total by RS485
Line (15) sends host computer (16) to；
Step 3) host computer (16) receives signal, obtains each layer of multicomponent mixture in electrical desalter after carrying out processing calculating to signal
Thickness and acquisition obtain pressure inside the tank information, T2Indicate light component (8) thickness, T3Indicate emulsion layer (10) thickness, T4Table
Show that heavy constituent (9) thickness, P indicate the pressure in electrical desalter (13)；
If the thickness T of step 4) emulsion layer (10)3More than setting emulsion layer threshold value T3max, then host computer (16) issues control letter
Number to the first valve (1901) and the progress aperture control of the 4th valve (1904), and step 5) is skipped to；If emulsion layer thickness does not surpass
The emulsion layer threshold value T of Over emulsfication layer (10) setting3max, then the first valve (1901) and the 4th valve (1904) remain unchanged；
If the thickness T of light component (8)2More than setting light component threshold value T2max, then host computer (16) issues control signal to the second valve
Door (1902), third valve (1903) and the 5th valve (1905) control aperture, and skip to step 6)；If T2It is light to be less than setting
Component threshold value T2max, then the second valve (1902), third valve (1903) and the 5th valve (1905) aperture remain unchanged；
Heavy constituent if (9) thickness T4More than setting heavy constituent threshold value T4max, then host computer (16) issues control signal to the 4th valve
(1904) aperture is controlled, and skips to step 7)；If T4It is less than setting heavy constituent threshold value T4max, then the 4th valve (1904) aperture
It remains unchanged；
If the pressure P in electrical desalter (13) is lower than preset pressure threshold Pmax, then host computer (16) issues control signal
To the 6th valve (1906), it is adjusted to step 8)；If P >=Pmax, then the 6th valve (1906) remains off；
The first valve of step 5) (1901), the 4th valve (1904) increase aperture after receiving control signal, increase demulsification respectively
Agent flux, and lead to after mixer (17) is sufficiently mixed with crude oil and the heavy constituent (9) extracted out from electrical desalter (13) bottom
De- preceding crude oil entrance (7) injection electrical desalter (13) is crossed, divides light component (8) and heavy constituent (9) in emulsion layer (10) sufficiently
From；
The 5th valve (1905) of step 6) increases aperture after receiving control signal, and light component (8) passes through float (11), hose
(22) crude exports (14) accelerate extraction by the 4th pump (1804) and after de-；Second valve (1902), third valve simultaneously
(1903) reduce aperture, slow down crude oil and mixed liquor enters the speed of electrical desalter (13)；
The 4th valve (1904) of step 7) increases aperture after receiving control signal, accelerates the speed of heavy constituent (9) extraction；
The 6th valve (1906) of step 8) and compressor (1805) open simultaneously, and inflate to electrical desalter (13), until electro-desalting
Pressure P in tank (13) reaches preset pressure threshold Pmax。
2. one kind according to claim 1 is suitable for the atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit accurate separation method of dynamic multicomponent mixture in real time,
It is characterized by: first valve (1901), the second valve (1902), third valve (1903), the 4th valve (1904),
5th valve (1905) is connected to host computer (16) through RS485 bus (15)；The host computer (16) of monitor portion (1) passes through
RS485 bus (15) sends control signal to each valve and independently controls to each valve (1901,1902,1903,1904,1905)
System.
3. one kind according to claim 1 is suitable for the atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit accurate separation method of dynamic multicomponent mixture in real time,
It is characterized by: the first ray emitter (601), the second ray emitter (602), third are penetrated in the monitor portion (1)
Line transmitter (603) issues the ray of different frequency, and respectively only according to the difference of the interior multicomponent mixture property of electrical desalter (13)
Vertical adjustment radiation frequencies.
4. one kind according to claim 1 is suitable for the atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit accurate separation method of dynamic multicomponent mixture in real time,
It is characterized by: being equipped with filtering between the 5th valve (1905) and the 4th pump (1804) in the crude exports part (4)
Net (12).
5. one kind according to claim 1 is suitable for the atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit accurate separation method of dynamic multicomponent mixture in real time,
It is characterized by: nitrogen is passed into electrical desalter (13) from compressor (1805) through the 6th valve (1906).
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113283221A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-20 | 日立楼宇技术（广州）有限公司 | Test report generation system, test report generation method, and storage medium |
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