CN110525829A - A kind of intelligent classification dustbin and intelligent classification system - Google Patents

A kind of intelligent classification dustbin and intelligent classification system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110525829A
CN110525829A CN201910883247.5A CN201910883247A CN110525829A CN 110525829 A CN110525829 A CN 110525829A CN 201910883247 A CN201910883247 A CN 201910883247A CN 110525829 A CN110525829 A CN 110525829A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
rubbish
image
intelligent classification
classification
storage case
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201910883247.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
宋庆学
高建伟
毕国慧
张国鑫
南子昱
高显峰
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Nanjing Tianben Safety Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Nanjing Tianben Safety Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nanjing Tianben Safety Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Nanjing Tianben Safety Technology Co Ltd
Priority to CN201910883247.5A priority Critical patent/CN110525829A/en
Publication of CN110525829A publication Critical patent/CN110525829A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65FGATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F1/00Refuse receptacles; Accessories therefor
    • B65F1/0033Refuse receptacles; Accessories therefor specially adapted for segregated refuse collecting, e.g. receptacles with several compartments; Combination of receptacles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65FGATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F1/00Refuse receptacles; Accessories therefor
    • B65F1/10Refuse receptacles; Accessories therefor with refuse filling means, e.g. air-locks
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65FGATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F1/00Refuse receptacles; Accessories therefor
    • B65F1/14Other constructional features; Accessories
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65FGATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F2210/00Equipment of refuse receptacles
    • B65F2210/138Identification means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65FGATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F2210/00Equipment of refuse receptacles
    • B65F2210/196Tape dispensers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/10Waste collection, transportation, transfer or storage, e.g. segregated refuse collecting, electric or hybrid propulsion

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Refuse Collection And Transfer (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to field of refuse classification, four classification storage areas are distributed with inside the rubbish storage case in specifically a kind of intelligent classification dustbin and intelligent classification system, including rubbish storage case;The top of the rubbish storage case is equipped with the feeding bucket being connected with rubbish storage case;The inside of the feeding bucket is equipped with Disengagement zone, and the bottom of the Disengagement zone is rotatably connected to turnover panel by the first rotary electric machine, and the top of the Disengagement zone is equipped with inductor, multiple rubbish identification devices are distributed in the middle part of the Disengagement zone;Traffic zone is equipped in the rubbish storage case, screw rod is equipped in the traffic zone, the outer surface of screw rod is equipped with fixing seat, and the fixing seat is equipped with air-leg, one end of the air-leg is fixed with U-shaped board, and the surface of the rubbish storage case is equipped with solar panel.The intelligent classification dustbin provided is provided and intelligent classification system have the advantages that it is easy to operate, convenient for being classified to rubbish and compressed.

Description

A kind of intelligent classification dustbin and intelligent classification system
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of refuse classification, specifically a kind of intelligent classification dustbin and intelligent classification system System.
Background technique
Refuse pollution is always serious one of the problem in China.The high speed development of China's economic since in view of reform and opening-up, City numbers and population dramatically increases, city scope and scale constantly expand, the quickening of urbanization process, Chinese city life Municipal Garbage Yield is continuously increased.
Especially in recent years, with economic fast development, the rubbish of public arena cannot be collected well, classify, make At different degrees of environmental pollution, post-processing cost is improved, is prevented the pollution of the environment, reduces rubbish post-processing cost, As soon as maintain the ecological balance to create the important measure of good city appearance parking stall social development, and scientific and reasonable collection With processing rubbish, the design of dustbin plays an important role.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a kind of intelligent classification dustbin and intelligent classification system solves above-mentioned technical problem.
Summary of the invention
For the problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of easy to operate, using flexible, convenient for rubbish progress The intelligent classification dustbin and intelligent classification system of classification and compression.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of intelligent classification dustbin and intelligent classification system System, including rubbish storage case, there are four classification storage areas for the rubbish storage case interior parallel distribution;The rubbish storage case Top is equipped with the feeding bucket being connected with rubbish storage case, offers feeding inlet at the top of the feeding bucket;The feeding bucket Inside is equipped with Disengagement zone, and the bottom of the Disengagement zone is rotatably connected to turnover panel, the top of the Disengagement zone by the first rotary electric machine Portion is equipped with inductor, is evenly distributed with multiple rubbish identification devices in the middle part of the Disengagement zone, the rubbish identification device includes Camera acquisition system, rubbish detection system, rubbish image preprocessing system, rubbish image characteristic extraction system, rubbish image Matching and identifying system, processor and characteristics of spam database;The bottom of the inside face feeding bucket of the rubbish storage case Place is equipped with the traffic zone that is connected with each classification storage area, is connected with silk by the second rotary electric machine in the traffic zone Bar, the screw rod outer surface thread are connected with fixing seat, and air-leg is fixed in the fixing seat, and the air-leg deviates from One end of fixing seat is fixed with the U-shaped board in each classification storage area of face, and the surface of the rubbish storage case is equipped with solar-electricity Pond plate, first rotary electric machine, the second rotary electric machine, inductor and rubbish identification device are with solar panel in electricity Property connection.
The present invention is further arranged to: the inductor and rubbish identification device data connection, for sense object into After entering, start rubbish identification device.
The present invention is further arranged to: the camera acquisition system acquires image by pick-up lens and assists having infrared Line identification, is acquired still image, dynamic image, different positions, different shape etc., when rubbish is in acquisition equipment Coverage in when, acquisition equipment can automatically turn on infrared scanning and search for and shoot rubbish image.
The present invention is further arranged to: the rubbish detection system is used for the pretreatment of rubbish identification, in the picture accurately Position and the size for calibrating rubbish detect the pattern feature for including in rubbish image, as histogram feature, color are special Sign, template characteristic, structure feature etc..
The present invention is further arranged to: the rubbish image preprocessing system be based on rubbish testing result, to image into Row handles and finally serves the process of feature extraction, carries out gray correction, noise mistake to it in the early stage of image procossing The image preprocessings such as filter, preprocessing process mainly include the light compensation of rubbish image, greyscale transformation, histogram equalization, Normalization, geometric correction, filtering and sharpening etc..
The present invention is further arranged to: the rubbish image characteristic extraction system be divided into visual signature, pixels statistics feature, Rubbish image transform coefficients feature, rubbish image algebra feature etc., characteristics of spam extract aiming at rubbish certain features into Row extracts, and is the process that feature modeling is carried out to rubbish.
The present invention is further arranged to: the rubbish images match and identifying system are used for the spy to the rubbish image of extraction The feature templates stored in sign data and characteristics of spam database scan for matching, and by setting a threshold value, work as similarity More than this threshold value, then result matching obtained exports, rubbish identification be exactly by characteristics of spam to be identified with obtained Characteristics of spam template is compared, and is judged according to classification information of the similarity degree to rubbish, is then uploaded final data To processor.
The present invention is further arranged to: after the processor obtains the matched data result of rubbish, being handled rubbish Classification, then by processor and the first rotary electric machine, the second rotary electric machine data connection, U-shaped board is controlled to specified classification storage Area, by corresponding garbage transporting to specified memory block.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) a kind of intelligent classification dustbin and intelligent classification system of the present invention, by leading to rubbish in Disengagement zone It crosses after rubbish identification device carries out identification differentiation, is put into traffic zone, drives screw rod that U-shaped board is transported by the second rotary electric machine Rubbish after identification is stored to specified classification storage area, is effectively classified to rubbish, after effectively reducing rubbish Phase processing cost reduces pollution of the rubbish to environment.
(2) a kind of intelligent classification dustbin and intelligent classification system of the present invention push U-shaped board by starting push rod It drives rubbish to enter each classification storage area, while compression processing is carried out to rubbish, in the case where constancy of volume, effectively promoted The memory capacity of dustbin, practical value are high.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is that a kind of structure of preferred embodiment of intelligent classification dustbin provided by the invention and intelligent classification system is shown It is intended to;
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of Disengagement zone shown in FIG. 1;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of internal structure of rubbish storage case shown in FIG. 1.
In figure: 1, rubbish storage case;11, classification storage area;12, solar panel;2, feeding bucket;21, feeding inlet;3, Disengagement zone;31, the first rotary electric machine;32, turnover panel;33, inductor;34, rubbish identification device;4, traffic zone;5, the second rotation Motor;6, screw rod;7, fixing seat;8, air-leg;9, U-shaped board.
Specific embodiment
In order to be easy to understand the technical means, the creative features, the aims and the efficiencies achieved by the present invention, tie below Specific embodiment is closed, the present invention is further explained.
As shown in Figure 1-Figure 3, a kind of intelligent classification dustbin and intelligent classification system of the present invention, including rubbish are deposited Storage tank 1, there are four classification storage areas 11 for 1 interior parallel of the rubbish storage case distribution;The top of the rubbish storage case 1 is equipped with The top of the feeding bucket 2 being connected with rubbish storage case 1, the feeding bucket 2 offers feeding inlet 21;The feeding bucket 2 it is interior Portion is equipped with Disengagement zone 3, and the bottom of the Disengagement zone 3 is rotatably connected to turnover panel 32, the Disengagement zone 3 by the first rotary electric machine 31 Top be equipped with inductor 33, the middle part of the Disengagement zone 3 is evenly distributed with multiple rubbish identification devices 34, the rubbish identification Device 34 includes camera acquisition system, rubbish detection system, rubbish image preprocessing system, rubbish image characteristics extraction system System, rubbish images match and identifying system, processor and characteristics of spam database;The inside face of the rubbish storage case 1 It is equipped with the traffic zone 4 being connected with each classification storage area 11 at the bottom of feeding bucket 2, passes through second turn in the traffic zone 4 Dynamic motor 5 is connected with screw rod 6, and 6 outer surface thread of screw rod is connected with fixing seat 7, is fixed with gas in the fixing seat 7 Dynamic push rod 8, the air-leg 8 is fixed with the U-shaped board 9 in each classification storage area 11 of face away from one end of fixing seat 7, described The surface of rubbish storage case 1 is equipped with solar panel 12, first rotary electric machine 31, the second rotary electric machine 5, inductor 33 And rubbish identification device 34 is electrically connect with solar panel 12.
Further, the inductor 33 and 34 data connection of rubbish identification device open after sensing that object enters Dynamic rubbish identification device 34.
Further, the camera acquisition system acquires image by pick-up lens and auxiliary has infrared ray identification dress It sets, still image, dynamic image, different positions, different shape etc. is acquired, when rubbish is in the bat of acquisition equipment When taking the photograph in range, acquisition equipment can automatically turn on infrared scanning and search for and shoot rubbish image.
Further, the rubbish detection system is used for the pretreatment of rubbish identification, and accurate calibration goes out rubbish in the picture Position and size, the pattern feature for including in rubbish image is detected, as histogram feature, color characteristic, template are special Sign, structure feature etc..
Further, the rubbish image preprocessing system is handle to image and most based on rubbish testing result It is pre- to carry out the images such as gray correction, noise filtering to it in the early stage of image procossing for the process for serving feature extraction eventually Processing, preprocessing process mainly includes light compensation, greyscale transformation, histogram equalization, the normalization, geometry of rubbish image Correction, filtering and sharpening etc..
Further, the rubbish image characteristic extraction system is divided into visual signature, pixels statistics feature, rubbish image and becomes Coefficient characteristics, rubbish image algebra feature etc. are changed, it is pair that characteristics of spam extraction is extracted aiming at certain features of rubbish The process of rubbish progress feature modeling.
Further, the rubbish images match and identifying system are used for characteristic and rubbish to the rubbish image of extraction The feature templates stored in rubbish property data base scan for matching, by setting a threshold value, when similarity is more than this threshold Value, then result matching obtained export, and rubbish identification is exactly by characteristics of spam to be identified and obtained characteristics of spam mould Plate is compared, and is judged according to classification information of the similarity degree to rubbish, final data is then uploaded to processor.
Further, after the processor obtains the matched data result of rubbish, processing classification is carried out to rubbish, then will place Device and the first rotary electric machine 31,5 data connection of the second rotary electric machine are managed, control U-shaped board 9 to specified classification storage area 11 will Corresponding garbage transporting is to specified memory block.
The working principle of intelligent classification dustbin and intelligent classification system provided by the invention is as follows:
Rubbish is put into feeding bucket 2 from feeding inlet 21 first, rubbish initially enters 32 surface of turnover panel of Disengagement zone 3, sense After answering device 33 to sense that object enters, start rubbish identification device 34, image is acquired by pick-up lens, it is logical to acquire enough images Position and size that rubbish detection system calibrates rubbish in the picture are crossed, then by rubbish image preprocessing system to image The image preprocessings such as gray correction, noise filtering are carried out, then extract the spy of rubbish image by rubbish image characteristic extraction system Data are levied, feature modeling are carried out to rubbish, finally by rubbish images match and identifying system to the spy of the rubbish image of extraction The feature templates stored in sign data and characteristics of spam database scan for matching, and judge the classification information of rubbish, Then final data is uploaded to processor after processor obtains the matched data result of rubbish and processing classification is carried out to rubbish, Processor controls the starting of the first rotary electric machine 31 and turnover panel 32 is driven to rotate, and by garbage transporting to U-shaped board 9, then controls second turn Dynamic motor 5 rotates, and fixing seat 7 is driven to move along screw rod 6, to drive the rubbish after the transport identification of U-shaped board 9 to specified point Class memory block 11, then starting push rod is pneumatic, pushes rubbish to enter classification storage area 11, while carrying out compression processing to rubbish, Realize the classification to rubbish and compression function.
Compared with the relevant technologies, intelligent classification dustbin and intelligent classification system provided by the invention have following beneficial Effect:
The present invention provides a kind of intelligent classification dustbin and intelligent classification system, by the way that rubbish is passed through rubbish in Disengagement zone 3 After rubbish identification device 34 carries out identification differentiation, it is put into traffic zone 4, drives screw rod 6 that U-shaped board 9 is transported by the second rotary electric machine 5 Rubbish after defeated identification is stored to specified classification storage area 11, is effectively classified to rubbish, is effectively reduced rubbish Post-processing cost, reduce pollution of the rubbish to environment;Push U-shaped board 9 that rubbish is driven to enter each point by starting push rod Class memory block 11, while compression processing is carried out to rubbish, in the case where constancy of volume, the storage for effectively improving dustbin is held Amount, practical value are high.
In the present description, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " setting ", " peace Dress ", " connected ", " connection ", " fixation " shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection, Or it is integrally connected;It can be mechanical connection, be also possible to be electrically connected;It can be directly connected, intermediary can also be passed through It is indirectly connected, can be the connection inside two elements.For the ordinary skill in the art, specific feelings can be passed through Condition understands the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term in the present invention.
The basic principles, main features and advantages of the invention have been shown and described above.The technical staff of the industry should Understand, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the description in above embodiment and specification only illustrates the present invention Principle, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these variation and Improvement is both fallen in the scope of protection of present invention.The claimed scope of the invention is by appended claims and its equivalent Object defines.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of intelligent classification dustbin and intelligent classification system, including rubbish storage case (1), it is characterised in that:
There are four classification storage area (11) for rubbish storage case (1) the interior parallel distribution;
The top of the rubbish storage case (1) is equipped with the feeding bucket (2) being connected with rubbish storage case (1), the feeding bucket (2) Top offer feeding inlet (21);
The inside of the feeding bucket (2) is equipped with Disengagement zone (3), and the bottom of the Disengagement zone (3) passes through the first rotary electric machine (31) It is rotatably connected to turnover panel (32), the top of the Disengagement zone (3) is equipped with inductor (33), and the middle part of the Disengagement zone (3) is uniform Multiple rubbish identification devices (34) are distributed with, the rubbish identification device (34) includes camera acquisition system, rubbish detection system System, rubbish image preprocessing system, rubbish image characteristic extraction system, rubbish images match and identifying system, processor and Characteristics of spam database;
It is equipped at the bottom of the inside face feeding bucket (2) of the rubbish storage case (1) and is connected with each classification storage area (11) Logical traffic zone (4), the traffic zone (4) is interior to be connected with screw rod (6) by the second rotary electric machine (5), the screw rod (6) Outer surface thread is connected with fixing seat (7), is fixed with air-leg (8) on the fixing seat (7), air-leg (8) back One end from fixing seat (7) is fixed with the U-shaped board (9) of each classification storage area (11) of face,
The surface of the rubbish storage case (1) is equipped with solar panel (12), first rotary electric machine (31), the second rotation Motor (5), inductor (33) and rubbish identification device (34) are electrically connect with solar panel (12).
2. a kind of intelligent classification dustbin according to claim 1 and intelligent classification system, it is characterised in that: the induction Device (33) and rubbish identification device (34) data connection start rubbish identification device (34) after sensing that object enters.
3. a kind of intelligent classification dustbin according to claim 1 and intelligent classification system, it is characterised in that: the camera shooting Head acquisition system acquires image by pick-up lens and auxiliary has infrared ray identification, to still image, dynamic image, different positions Set, different shape etc. is acquired, when rubbish is in the coverage for acquiring equipment, acquisition equipment can automatically turn on red Outside line scanning search simultaneously shoots rubbish image.
4. a kind of intelligent classification dustbin according to claim 1 and intelligent classification system, it is characterised in that: the rubbish Detection system is used for the pretreatment of rubbish identification, and accurate calibration goes out position and the size of rubbish in the picture, in rubbish image The pattern feature for including is detected, such as histogram feature, color characteristic, template characteristic, structure feature.
5. a kind of intelligent classification dustbin according to claim 1 and intelligent classification system, it is characterised in that: the rubbish Image preprocessing system is to be carried out processing based on rubbish testing result to image and finally served the process of feature extraction, In The early stage of image procossing carries out image preprocessings, the preprocessing process such as gray correction, noise filtering to it Light compensation, greyscale transformation, histogram equalization, normalization, geometric correction, filtering and sharpening of rubbish image etc..
6. a kind of intelligent classification dustbin according to claim 1 and intelligent classification system, it is characterised in that: the rubbish It is special that image characteristic extraction system is divided into visual signature, pixels statistics feature, rubbish image transform coefficients feature, rubbish image algebra Sign etc., characteristics of spam extraction are extracted aiming at certain features of rubbish, are the processes that feature modeling is carried out to rubbish.
7. a kind of intelligent classification dustbin according to claim 1 and intelligent classification system, it is characterised in that: the rubbish Images match and identifying system are used for the feature stored in characteristic and characteristics of spam database to the rubbish image of extraction Template scans for matching, by set a threshold value, when similarity be more than this threshold value, then it is the result that matching obtains is defeated Out, rubbish identification is exactly to be compared characteristics of spam to be identified with obtained characteristics of spam template, according to similarity degree The classification information of rubbish is judged, final data is then uploaded to processor.
8. a kind of intelligent classification dustbin according to claim 1 and intelligent classification system, it is characterised in that: the processing After device obtains the matched data result of rubbish, processing classification carried out to rubbish, then by processor and the first rotary electric machine (31), the Two rotary electric machines (5) data connection, control U-shaped board (9) extremely refer to corresponding garbage transporting to specified classification storage area (11) Fixed memory block.
CN201910883247.5A 2019-09-18 2019-09-18 A kind of intelligent classification dustbin and intelligent classification system Pending CN110525829A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111186663A (en) * 2020-02-17 2020-05-22 上海绿汤科技有限公司 Intelligent garbage classification equipment
CN111252407A (en) * 2020-01-17 2020-06-09 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Garbage disposal device, method and storage medium
CN111605915A (en) * 2020-05-28 2020-09-01 浙江冰立方环保科技有限公司 Commercial kitchen garbage classification device
CN113222186A (en) * 2021-03-24 2021-08-06 东北电力大学 Intelligent garbage classification system

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107054936A (en) * 2017-03-23 2017-08-18 广东数相智能科技有限公司 A kind of refuse classification prompting dustbin and system based on image recognition
CN109335371A (en) * 2018-09-30 2019-02-15 上海檀楠信息科技有限公司 Intelligent classification dustbin
CN109516037A (en) * 2019-01-25 2019-03-26 李�昊 A kind of classification garbage can based on machine vision

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107054936A (en) * 2017-03-23 2017-08-18 广东数相智能科技有限公司 A kind of refuse classification prompting dustbin and system based on image recognition
CN109335371A (en) * 2018-09-30 2019-02-15 上海檀楠信息科技有限公司 Intelligent classification dustbin
CN109516037A (en) * 2019-01-25 2019-03-26 李�昊 A kind of classification garbage can based on machine vision

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111252407A (en) * 2020-01-17 2020-06-09 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Garbage disposal device, method and storage medium
CN111186663A (en) * 2020-02-17 2020-05-22 上海绿汤科技有限公司 Intelligent garbage classification equipment
CN111605915A (en) * 2020-05-28 2020-09-01 浙江冰立方环保科技有限公司 Commercial kitchen garbage classification device
CN113222186A (en) * 2021-03-24 2021-08-06 东北电力大学 Intelligent garbage classification system
CN113222186B (en) * 2021-03-24 2022-02-08 东北电力大学 Intelligent garbage classification system

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Application publication date: 20191203