CN110521859B

CN110521859B - Extrusion type dog chews with hollow structures and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN110521859B
Application number: CN201910852435.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 不公告发明人
Original assignee: Suzhou Foaibo Biological Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Suzhou Foaibo Biological Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-08-13
Filing date: 2019-09-09
Publication date: 2022-04-08
Anticipated expiration: 2039-09-09
Also published as: CN110521859A

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of pet foods, and provides an extrusion type dog chews with a hollow structure and a preparation method thereof. The dog chew is of a hollow structure and comprises a dog chew body and at least one notch groove which is arranged along the length direction of the dog chew body, namely the circumferential direction of the outer wall at intervals; and is made of edible raw materials; the cutaway slot has a predetermined size for insertion into a tooth; a partition layer is arranged between the bottom wall of the gap groove and the outer wall of the through cavity, and after the pet teeth are pricked into the gap groove, the pet teeth penetrate through the partition layer to play a role in scraping teeth and gingival dental plaque for the second time; the depth and the distance of the notch grooves of different chews are different, and the chews can be adjusted to be in a chewable state. The preparation method optimizes the preparation process of the traditional chews, and can prepare chews finished products which are cured uniformly, have novel and diversified shapes, uniform thickness and small shape shrinkage and are well shaped by uniformly heating and curing the materials by steam in a steam stirring pot and conveying the materials by a screw machine.

Description

Extrusion type dog chews with hollow structures and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of pet foods, in particular to an extrusion type dog chews with a hollow structure and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Dog chews are a pet toy or pet food; the shape of the meat ball is similar to bone, rubber ball, circle, stick, shoe, particle and the like, and the meat ball is a high-protein meat food nutritional good product for pet dogs. The dog chew is a chew specially designed for cleaning the oral cavity of a dog, and the formation of dental plaque and tartar can be slowed down by frequently chewing and regularly brushing teeth.

U.S. patent No.6086940 discloses a method of producing a variable hardness edible dog chew by extruding a vegetable starch mixture into beads which are introduced into an injection molding machine to form a configuration to form a variable hardness edible dog chew. The method adjusts the texture or hardness of a dog chew by microwave treatment to suit the preferences or needs of various dogs that may prefer to chew on, or swallow in whole or in part, and once a chew having a solid cross-section is swallowed, its fragments adversely affect digestion of the dog and even block the dog's gastric passages.

Chinese patent No.109845893 discloses a method for forming a chewing pet food, wherein a formula of vegetable protein and starch is made into a specific shape by screw high-temperature extrusion or mold injection molding. The mechanical structure can establish a high pressure state of dozens of atmospheric pressures at the rear part in a screw extrusion cavity due to the gradual reduction of the screw pitch and the gradual increase of the diameter of the screw, and in addition, when the screw rotates, the material and the material have huge shearing force and friction force with the screw, the physical properties of the material can generate a series of changes, such as protein denaturation and fiber partial degradation, but the violent extrusion condition generates a plurality of byproducts with low content, such as amino acid decomposers, products of Maillard reaction and the like. The dog chews prepared by the preparation process have the following defects: the reduction of the nutritive value of the dog chews, the loss of the nutritive components caused by the combination of amino acid and sugar, the combination of protein and sugar, the combination products are not easy to be utilized by enzyme, and the nutritive components are not digested; secondly, the aroma and the color are generated, and the Maillard reaction can generate brown or even black macromolecular substance melanoidin or melanoid, which not only influences the color of the food, but also plays an important role in the aroma of the food; the oxidation resistance is generated, and browning pigments generated in the Maillard reaction show the oxidation resistance to the automatic oxidation of the grease, which is mainly due to the generation of reductive intermediate products such as aldehyde, ketone and the like in the browning reaction; and fourthly, generating toxic substances. The dog chews are subjected to high temperature, high pressure and high shear, so that the structure is compact, the Mohs hardness is high, a plurality of oral care components cannot be added due to easy decomposition, and the gum tissue of a pet is easily damaged during chewing.

Summary of the invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an extrusion type dog chew with a hollow structure and a preparation method thereof, which are used for improving the texture of the dog chew and increasing the oral functional value and the economic benefit when the dog chew is eaten.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme:

an extrusion type dog chew with a hollow structure comprises a dog chew body 1 and at least one notch groove 21 arranged along the length direction of the dog chew body 1, namely the circumferential direction of an outer wall 2 at intervals; the dog chew body 1 is a cylindrical body with a hollow structure, and is provided with a through cavity 22, and the through cavity 22 respectively penetrates through the upper surface 11 and the lower surface 12 of the dog chew body 1; the dog chews are integrally processed and formed and are made of edible raw materials; at least one partition layer 24 is arranged between the bottom wall of the notch groove 21 and the outer wall of the through cavity 22, and a common layer 25 is arranged between the adjacent notch grooves 21; the top end of the common layer 25 away from the outer wall of the through cavity 22 is provided with an extension part 27 to the opening of the gap groove 21 at two adjacent sides for contacting the teeth and gum surface of the pet.

In one embodiment, the hollow extruded dog chew of claim 1, wherein said extension 27 comprises a stop shoulder 271 and a flange 272, said stop shoulder 271 being parallel to the outer wall of said through cavity 22, said flange 272 extending in the depth direction of said cutaway groove 21 towards the outer wall of said through cavity 22, and said flange 272 being parallel to the central symmetry axis of the cutaway plane of said cutaway groove 21.

In one embodiment, the cutaway groove 21 includes only one opening for inserting a tooth, and after the tooth is inserted, both side inner walls of the cutaway groove 21 are expanded by the tooth and the inner walls are pressed away from the central symmetry axis of the sectional plane of the pierced cutaway groove 21.

In one embodiment, the common layer 25 defines a cavity 26 along the length of the dog chew body 1 at a top end thereof away from the outer wall of the through cavity 22.

In one embodiment, the wall thickness of the partition layer 24 is between 1 mm and 10mm, and the wall thickness of the common layer 25 is between 1 mm and 10 mm.

In one embodiment, the maximum aperture of the cutaway slot 21 is greater than or equal to the maximum width of the tooth.

In one embodiment, the edible raw material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of amylose, 3-8 parts of edible adhesive, 2-8 parts of grease, 0.5-5 parts of insoluble cellulose, 0.5-2 parts of soluble dietary cellulose, 2-5 parts of humectant and 0.1-1 part of flavoring agent.

In one embodiment, the surface of the dog chew body 1 is provided with a coating for oral degerming, and the coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of persimmon extract, 2-4 parts of grapefruit seed extract, 2-2.5 parts of honeysuckle extract, 1-1.5 parts of triplicin, 0.5-2 parts of antibacterial peptide, 0.5-1 part of lysozyme and 0.1-0.5 part of anion salt.

The preparation method of the extrusion type dog chews with the hollow structures comprises the following steps:

1) pouring the edible raw materials into a bin: the edible raw material comprises; amylose, edible adhesive, grease, insoluble cellulose, soluble dietary cellulose, humectant and flavoring agent;

2) mixing raw materials: uniformly stirring the materials in the step 1) to prepare a mixed material;

3) curing raw materials: stirring and curing the mixed material by using a steam stirring pot, wherein the amount of steam used in the food industry is 1-3 times of the weight of the material in the step (1), and the curing time is 10-30 minutes;

4) primary extrusion molding: introducing the materials into a screw extruder, enabling the mixed materials to move forwards in an axial direction under the action of pushing of a screw groove, conveying the mixed materials to a metering end, stably extruding strip-shaped semi-finished products, extruding and molding at the working section without energy conversion, wherein the temperature of the materials cannot be obviously increased, the mixed materials cannot be continuously cured, and the functions of exhausting gas and homogenizing the materials are achieved; the compression ratio of the semi-finished product is 1-1.2; the screw pitch and the diameter of the screw extruder are constant;

5) primary cooling;

6) secondary extrusion molding: continuously conveying materials by using a screw, arranging a material conveying channel in a screw extruder, arranging a screw pushing rod in the material conveying channel, connecting the tail end of the screw pushing rod with a motor shaft of a rotating motor, driving the screw pushing rod to rotate by the rotating motor, continuously conveying the materials into a front machine barrel by a source under the action of a spiral pushing force, and extruding the semi-finished products through mouth molds with different section shapes to obtain finished products, wherein the compression ratio of the finished products is 1-1.2; the extrusion molding of the working section has no energy conversion, the temperature of the materials cannot be obviously increased, the mixed materials cannot be cured continuously, and the effects of exhausting gas and homogenizing the materials are achieved; the compression ratio of the semi-finished product is 1-1.2; the screw pitch and the diameter of the screw extruder are constant;

8) slitting;

9) coating: conveying the finished product prepared in the step 8) into leaching equipment, leaching the solution of the oral care coating, and collecting and recycling the solution;

10) drying: putting the prepared finished product into a drying room, drying at the temperature of not higher than 50 ℃ until the water content is not more than 12%;

11) and (6) packaging.

Furthermore, the hardness of the finished product reaches 10-50A, and the biting force of a pet dog of 5-50 kg is met.

The moisture content measurement is carried out according to the measuring method of the moisture content in the GB 5009.3 food, and the result is as follows: the water content/(g/100 g) is less than or equal to 14.

The enterobacteriaceae test was performed according to the SN 0169 test method, with the results: coli/(per g) < 300.

The salmonella test is carried out according to the test method of GB 4789.4-2010 food microbiology, and the result is that: and is not detected.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1) compared with the cylindrical dog chews, the product prepared by the invention can not cause the dog chews to roll when the dog just touches the dog chews when eating, and is convenient for the dog to eat; compared with the dog chews with the flanges arranged on the periphery, the edge of the product prepared by the invention is provided with the notch grooves along the circumferential direction for inserting teeth; the depth and the distance of the notch grooves of different prepared products are different, and the pet food can be adjusted to be in a chewable state and is suitable for pets of various sizes or species.

2) The product prepared by the invention has a cavity with a hollow structure, and avoids asphyxia caused by swallowing.

3) The product prepared by the invention has a cavity with a hollow structure, after the surface structure of the tooth is damaged, the hollow structure can present the notch grooves with various shapes again, and the newly presented notch grooves can continuously exert the function of tooth friction; the oral degerming material coated on the surface layer can be exposed and contacted with the oral liquid and the teeth more, so that the oral care effect is achieved.

4) The notch groove of the product prepared by the invention is provided with the extension part, and the tooth can massage the gum and the tooth root below the gum edge after being pricked into the notch groove.

5) The product prepared by the invention has novel shape and is not reported in the prior art; the thickness is uniform, the wall thickness of the partition layer and the wall thickness of the common layer are both 1-10 mm, the thickness is relatively constant, and uneven shrinkage and/or breakage of a prepared product in the drying process are avoided; in addition, the product prepared by the invention can perform detailed mechanical analysis on external force damage at the beginning of the design of the section shape, the cavity and the through cavity provide a stress relief area for the chew, the possibility of cracking caused by shrinkage is reduced, the mechanical structure of the chew is optimized, the uniform tooth biting strength is achieved, the weak mechanical point is prevented, the use efficiency of the chew is improved, and the technical problems of uncontrollable wall thickness, serious processing shrinkage deformation and non-uniform wall thickness of the traditional chew are solved.

6) The preparation method of the invention has optimized the preparation technology of the traditional chew, if adopt the traditional screw extrusion technology to prepare the above-mentioned finished product and have higher difficulty, therefore the invention replaces the extrusion curing of the screw machine with the steam agitator, wherein the steam energy can be evenly transmitted to the supplies, it is the curing process without mechanical energy, the supplies are conveyed into the pipeline, the deformation is difficult after extruding from the extrusion head, with the help of the extrusion head of different structure, the supplies are extruded evenly from the flow channel of the machine head in a quantitative and constant pressure way, make the finished product with novel, diversified and even thickness; the phenomena that the physical properties of the materials are changed due to the fact that the materials are strongly extruded, stirred and sheared, and the puffed products with loose structures are produced due to the fact that the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the neck ring die is large are avoided; and the probability of brown or even black pigment of the finished product is reduced; the process has low heat loss, unlimited product molding, increased product internal stress, reduced weight, enhanced stability, prolonged chewing life, and reduced cost.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a chew according to example 1.

Fig. 2 is a bottom view of the body of the chew shown in fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a chew according to a first modification of embodiment 1.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a chew according to a second modification of embodiment 1.

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the chew shown in fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a chew according to a third modification of embodiment 1.

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a fourth modification of embodiment 1.

Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the chew shown in fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view according to a fifth modification of embodiment 1.

Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the chew shown in fig. 9.

FIG. 11 is a graph comparing in vitro digestibility of product proteins for different heat treatment regimes.

Reference numerals: a chew body-1; upper surface-11; a lower surface-12; an outer wall-2; a notch groove-21; a first relief groove-211; a second relief groove-212; a third relief groove-213; fourth relief groove-214; fifth relief groove-215; a through cavity-22; a partition layer-24; a common layer-25; a first common layer-251; a cavity-26; a first cavity-261; an extension-27; a stop shoulder-271; a flange-272.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments:

example 1

As shown in fig. 1-2, a cylindrical chew with an approximately quadrangular external shape comprises a chew body 1, and four adjacent notch grooves 21 are arranged in parallel along the length direction of the dog chew body 1, namely the circumferential direction of the outer wall 2 at intervals: a first, second, third, and fourth

notched grooves

211, 212, 213, and 214; each of the notched grooves 21 has a predetermined size for insertion into teeth, and when a pet bites, the teeth are inserted into the notched grooves and at least partially withdrawn therefrom, so that plaque and other debris on the pet's teeth and gums can be initially scraped off. The shape of the cross section of the notch groove 21 is designed to be approximate to an isosceles trapezoid, wherein the upper bottom of the isosceles trapezoid is superposed on the outer wall of the through cavity 22, and the lower bottom of the isosceles trapezoid is superposed on the outer wall 2. The cutaway groove 21 includes a unique opening for inserting a tooth, and after the tooth is inserted, both side inner walls of the cutaway groove 21 are expanded by the tooth and the inner walls are pressed toward a central symmetry axis of a section plane away from the pierced cutaway groove 21.

The dog chew body 1 is a cylindrical body with a hollow structure, a through cavity 22 is arranged in the body, the through cavity 22 penetrates through the upper surface 11 and the lower surface 12 of the chew body, and the cross section of the through cavity 22 is preferably circular, and can be triangular, square or other shapes. A common layer 25 is arranged between the adjacent notch grooves 21, a cavity 26 is arranged on the common layer 25 along the length direction of the dog chew body 1, wherein a first cavity 261 is arranged on the first common layer 251 between the first notch groove 211 and the second notch groove 212 along the length direction of the dog chew body 1. Be equipped with the partition layer 24 between every breach groove 21 diapire and the logical chamber 22 outer wall, the wall thickness of partition layer 24 is between 1~10mm, and the wall thickness of common layer 25 is between 1~10 mm. After the pet teeth are pricked into the gap groove 21, the partition layer 24 is continuously broken, so that the secondary scraping effect can be achieved, the retention time of chews in the oral cavity is prolonged, and the effect of scraping teeth and gum dental plaque is enhanced.

Preferably, the top end of the common layer 25 away from the outer wall of the through cavity 22 is provided with an extending part 27 towards the opening of the notch groove 21 at two adjacent sides, so as to contact the teeth and gum surface of the pet; the extension portion 27 includes a stop shoulder 271 and a flange 272, the stop shoulder 271 is parallel to the outer wall of the through cavity 22, the flange 272 extends toward the outer wall of the through cavity 22 along the depth direction of the cutaway groove 21, and the flange 272 is parallel to the central symmetry axis of the cross section of the cutaway groove 21.

Preferably, the common layer 25 is provided with a cavity 26 along the length direction of the dog chew body 1 and at the top end far away from the outer wall of the through cavity 22.

The depth and the distance of the notch grooves of different chews are different, and the chewing gum can be adjusted to be in a chewable state and is suitable for pets of various sizes or species.

As shown in fig. 3, a cylindrical chewing gum with an approximately quadrangular external shape structure, a dog chewing gum body 1 is provided with a plurality of parallel gap grooves 21 which are arranged in parallel along the space between the upper surface 11 and the lower surface 12 of the chewing gum body, wherein the gap grooves 21 are distributed at equal intervals, and the number of the gap grooves 21 can be 3-5, and is preferably 4; a cavity 26 is provided in the common layer 25 to provide a more uniform force on the dog chew.

The through cavity 22 in the dog chew body 1 has several channels, and the channels are rotationally symmetric about the center of the through cavity 22, and the number of channels may be 2-10, and is preferably 8.

As shown in fig. 4-5, an outline structure of a cylindrical chew which is approximately pentagonal prism is provided, 5 notch grooves 21 are formed in the outer wall 2 along the length direction of the chew, a through cavity 22 parallel to the length direction of the chew is formed in the center of the chew body 1, and the notch grooves 21 are symmetrical with respect to the center of the through cavity 22. The number of the notch grooves 21 may be 4 to 8 here.

As shown in fig. 6, a cylindrical chew with an approximately quadrangular external shape is provided, a through cavity 22 penetrating through the upper surface 11 and the lower surface 12 is arranged at the center of a dog chew body 1, the cross section of the through cavity 22 is circular, a plurality of common layers 25 for pets to chew are distributed along the circumferential direction of the outer wall of the through cavity, wherein the common layers 25 are constant in thickness and are divided into gap grooves 21 with identical cross section shapes before adjacent common layers 25; wherein the top end of the common layer 25 far away from the outer wall of the through cavity 22 is provided with a cavity 26 with a sector section shape, the top end of the common layer 25 far away from the outer wall of the through cavity 22 is provided with an extension part 27 towards the opening of the notch grooves 21 at two adjacent sides, and the extension part 27 comprises a stopping shoulder part 271 for contacting the teeth and gum surface of the pet.

As shown in fig. 7-10, a cylindrical chew with an approximately quadrangular external shape is provided, a through cavity 22 is formed through the dog chew body 1 along the space between the upper surface 11 and the lower surface 12 of the chew body, and a plurality of parallel notch grooves 21 are distributed circumferentially around the outer wall 22 of the through cavity, wherein the notch grooves 21 are distributed at equal intervals, and the number of the notch grooves 21 can be 3-5, and is preferably 4; regularly shaped cavities 26 are provided in the common layer 25. Compared with the cylindrical dog chews, the dog chews cannot roll when a pet just touches the pet chews when the pet eats, and the dog can conveniently eat.

The product prepared by the invention has a cavity with a hollow structure, the cross section of the product is hollow, fragments of the product cannot generate adverse effects on digestion of dogs, and asphyxia caused by swallowing can be avoided.

Example 2

An extruded dog chew of hollow construction as described in example 1, integrally formed and made of edible material; the edible raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of amylose, 3 parts of edible adhesive, 2 parts of grease, 0.5 part of insoluble cellulose, 0.5 part of soluble dietary cellulose, 2 parts of humectant and 0.1 part of flavoring agent; wherein the amylose comprises 10 parts of rice starch, 10 parts of brown rice powder, 10 parts of oat powder and 10 parts of cassava starch; wherein the edible adhesive comprises 1 part of carrageenan and 2 parts of gelatin.

The surface of the dog chew body 1 is provided with a coating for oral degerming, and the coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of persimmon extract, 2 parts of grapefruit seed extract, 2 parts of honeysuckle extract, 1 part of triplicin, 0.5 part of antibacterial peptide, 0.5 part of lysozyme and 0.1 part of anionic salt.

The preparation method of the dog chews comprises the following steps:

1) pouring the edible raw materials into a bin: the edible raw material comprises; amylose, grease, insoluble cellulose, soluble dietary cellulose, humectant and flavoring agent;

2) mixing raw materials: uniformly stirring the materials in the step 1) to prepare a mixed material; adding edible adhesive according to a certain proportion, and stirring at high speed to mix them uniformly;

4) primary extrusion molding: introducing the materials into a screw extruder, enabling the mixed materials to move forwards in an axial direction under the action of pushing of a screw groove, conveying the mixed materials to a metering end, and stably extruding strip-shaped semi-finished products from an extrusion die, wherein the extrusion molding of the working section has no energy conversion, the temperature of the materials cannot be obviously increased, the mixed materials cannot be continuously cured, and the functions of exhausting gas and homogenizing the materials are achieved; the compression ratio of the semi-finished product is 1-1.2; the screw pitch and the diameter of the screw extruder are constant;

5) primary cooling;

6) secondary extrusion molding: a material conveying channel is arranged in the screw extruder, a screw pushing rod is arranged in the material conveying channel, the tail end of the screw pushing rod is connected with a motor shaft of a rotating motor, the rotating motor drives a spiral pushing rod to rotate, materials are continuously conveyed into a front machine barrel by a source under the action of spiral pushing force, the semi-finished products are extruded out through mouth molds with different section shapes, and the compression ratio of the finished products is 1-1.2; the extrusion molding of the working section has no energy conversion, the temperature of the materials cannot be obviously increased, the mixed materials cannot be cured continuously, and the effects of exhausting gas and homogenizing the materials are achieved; the compression ratio of the semi-finished product is 1-1.2; the screw pitch and the diameter of the screw extruder are constant;

7) cooling; used for cooling the materials and reducing the evaporation capacity of the water vapor of the materials;

8) slitting: the finished product is cut into long strips;

11) measuring the length, width and other dimension parameters of the product, performing selective inspection on the qualified product, packaging the unqualified product, storing the unqualified product in an isolated manner, crushing and recovering the unqualified product, and mixing the crushed product into the raw material again.

Example 3

An extrusion type dog chews with hollow structure is processed and formed integrally and is made of edible raw materials; the edible raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of amylose, 8 parts of edible adhesive, 8 parts of grease, 5 parts of insoluble cellulose, 2 parts of soluble dietary cellulose, 5 parts of humectant and 1 part of flavoring agent.

The surface of the dog chew body 1 is provided with a coating for oral degerming, and the coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of persimmon extract, 4 parts of grapefruit seed extract, 2.5 parts of honeysuckle extract, 1.5 parts of triplicin, 2 parts of antibacterial peptide, 1 part of lysozyme and 0.5 part of anionic salt.

The preparation method of the dog chews comprises the following steps:

3) curing raw materials: stirring and curing the mixed material by using a steam stirring pot, wherein the amount of steam used in the food industry is 2 times of the weight of the material in the step (1), and the curing time is 10-15 minutes;

5) primary cooling: the purpose of this step is to evaporate the material water vapour naturally;

7) and (3) cooling: the purpose of the step is to cool the material and reduce the evaporation capacity of the material water vapor at the same time, and reduce the subsequent cutting and sticking actions;

8) slitting;

10) drying: putting the prepared finished product into a drying room, drying at 40 ℃ until the water content is not more than 12%;

11) packaging;

the finished product is stored in a dry and ventilated warehouse, and cannot be mixed with harmful, toxic, peculiar smell, corrosive commodities and the like for storage, so that direct sunlight and approach to a fire source are avoided.

The hardness of the finished product reaches 10-50A, and the biting force of a pet dog of 5-50 kg is met.

Example 4

An extrusion type dog chews with hollow structure is processed and formed integrally and is made of edible raw materials; the edible raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 45 parts of amylose, 5 parts of edible adhesive, 6 parts of grease, 2.5 parts of insoluble cellulose, 1.5 parts of soluble dietary cellulose, 2.5 parts of humectant and 0.5 part of flavoring agent.

The surface of the dog chew body 1 is provided with a coating for oral degerming, and the coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2.5 parts of persimmon extract, 3 parts of grapefruit seed extract, 2.5 parts of honeysuckle extract, 1.5 parts of triplicin, 0.5 part of antibacterial peptide, 0.6 part of lysozyme and 0.1 part of anionic salt.

The preparation method of the dog chews is the same as that of the example 4.

Comparative example 1

The dog chew prepared by the same formula as in example 2 specifically comprises the following steps:

1) pouring an edible raw material into a silo, the edible raw material comprising: amylose, edible adhesive, grease, insoluble cellulose, soluble dietary cellulose, humectant and flavoring agent; among them, the use of amylose makes the product harder in texture compared to amylopectin, which promotes puffing, making the product more crispy;

3) quickly putting the mixed material into a single-screw extruder for extrusion forming, wherein the specific technological parameters of the single-screw extruder are as follows: the temperature of the first zone, the second zone, the third zone and the fifth zone is room temperature, the temperature of the fourth zone is 70 ℃, the rotating speed of the screw is 18 Hz, the discharge hole die is a circular hole with the diameter of 10mm, and the single-screw extruder comprises the following operation steps: powering on and starting up, starting heating the machine after setting the temperature, simultaneously opening an external circulation water bath system and a screw extruder to ensure that the machine has a relatively stable temperature in the use process, simultaneously restarting a screw rotating device after running water is injected into the machine, wetting a screw and a cavity, simultaneously cleaning the screw, adding amylose into the machine to further clean the machine after the temperature is raised to the set temperature, injecting mixed materials, and starting receiving materials when the discharged materials are stable, namely, the color and the thickness are uniform;

4) cooling; used for cooling the materials and reducing the evaporation capacity of the water vapor of the materials;

5) slitting;

6) coating: conveying the finished product prepared in the step 8) into leaching equipment, leaching the solution of the oral care coating, and collecting and recycling the solution;

7) drying: putting the prepared finished product into a drying room, drying at the temperature of 45 ℃ until the water content is not more than 12%;

8) and (6) packaging.

The product prepared by the method is single-screw extrusion dog chews. The material is expanded due to the strong pressure difference and the stable shock, so that a loose and porous expanded product is obtained.

Comparative example 2

The product made was a single screw extrusion dog chew using the same formulation as example 3 and the same procedure as comparative example 1.

Product performance testing

Test sample shape specification: biting the rubber stick, taking a plurality of samples, and simultaneously carrying out the following experiments:

sensory test

The detection is carried out by adopting visual inspection and olfaction methods, and the metal foreign bodies are detected by adopting a metal detector.

TABLE 1 sensory test results of products with different heat treatment modes

Item	Example 2	Example 3	Example 4	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2
						Color	Uniform color and clean surface	Uniform color and no stain on the surface	Uniform color and clean surface	Local brown spots on the surface Dot	Uniform color and clean surface
Smell(s)	Normal smell, no musty smell and its use Peculiar smell of He	Normal smell, no musty smell and its use Peculiar smell of He	Normal smell, no musty smell and its use Peculiar smell of He	In the presence of off-flavours	In the presence of off-flavours
						Shape of	Regular shape, meeting design requirements To find	Regular shape, meeting design requirements To find	Regular shape, meeting design requirements To find	Regular shape, loose structure, Porous and does not meet the design requirements	Regular shape, expanded structure and partial absence The mouth groove can not be confirmed and is not in accordance with the design Require that
Impurities	No visible impurities	No visible impurities	No visible impurities	No visible impurities	No visible impurities

As can be seen from Table 1, it can be seen from Table 2 that different heat treatment methods have different effects on the color, smell and shape of the product, and the product prepared by screw extrusion treatment has irregular shape, is easy to expand and has uneven thickness, and brown or brown pigment exists on the surface of the product. The material may be subjected to physical action or specific chemical reaction in the extrusion chamber, such as mechanical mixing, kneading, shearing, high pressure, heating, etc., so that the material is subjected to material deformation, denaturation or certain chemical reaction, thereby changing the texture and structure of the product. The product prepared by screw extrusion has the phenomena of brown color spots and abnormal odor, and a brown or even black macromolecular substance melanoid or melanoid is generated probably because the material undergoes Maillard reaction in a screw extrusion cavity, so that the color and the flavor of the product are influenced.

In vitro digestibility of proteins

1) The protein content in the starting material and the sample was measured by the semimicro Kjeldahl method, and recorded as a, and 1.4 g of the protein samples of examples 3 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were placed in a beaker, and the sample was digested with 110 ml of 0.1M HCl solution and 14 mg of pepsin at 37 ℃ for 2 hours.

2) Adjusting the pH value of the pepsin digestion solution obtained in the step 1) to 7.4-7.9, respectively adding 7.2 mM of calcium chloride solution, phosphate buffer solution containing pancreatin and 0.01% of sodium nitrate, and digesting the sample at 37 ℃ for 24 hours.

3) Precipitating the protein in the digestion solution of step 2), separating the undigested protein precipitate, and measuring the protein content of the undigested protein precipitate by using a half-micro Kjeldahl method, which is recorded as b.

4) Calculating the in vitro digestibility of the protein:

it is observed from fig. 11 that different heat treatment methods have different effects on the in vitro digestibility of proteins, wherein the in vitro digestibility of the finished protein obtained by the cooking process is comparable to or even higher than that obtained by the screw extrusion process, but the difference is not great, indicating that the cooking process can also obtain higher in vitro digestibility of proteins, and that the cooking process is beneficial to the protein nutritional value of the product to some extent. This may be caused by the fact that the biological potency of the protein is changed during the screw extrusion process of the plant protein, and the amino acid reacts with other substances in the raw material, resulting in the loss of amino acid and the reduction of the biological potency of the protein.

It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An extrusion type dog chew with a hollow structure is characterized by comprising a dog chew body (1) and at least one notch groove (21) arranged along the length direction of the dog chew body (1), namely the circumferential direction of an outer wall (2) at intervals; the dog chew body (1) is a cylindrical body with a hollow structure, and is provided with a through cavity (22), and the through cavity (22) penetrates through the upper surface (11) and the lower surface (12) of the dog chew body (1) respectively; the dog chews are integrally processed and formed and are made of edible raw materials; at least one partition layer (24) is arranged between the bottom wall of the notch groove (21) and the outer wall of the through cavity (22), and a common layer (25) is arranged between the adjacent notch grooves (21); the common layer (25) is far away from the top end of the outer wall of the through cavity (22) and is provided with an extending part (27) towards the opening of the notch grooves (21) at two adjacent sides for contacting the teeth and the gum surface of a pet, the extending part (27) comprises a stopping shoulder part (271) and a flange (272), the stopping shoulder part (271) is parallel to the outer wall of the through cavity (22), the flange (272) extends towards the outer wall of the through cavity (22) along the depth direction of the notch grooves (21) and is parallel to the central symmetrical axis of the cutting section of the notch grooves (21), the notch grooves (21) comprise only openings for embedding teeth, after the teeth are embedded, the inner walls at two sides of the notch grooves (21) are expanded by the teeth, the inner walls press towards the central symmetrical axis of the cutting section far away from the punctured notch grooves (21), the common layer (25) is provided with a cavity (26) along the length direction of the chew body (1) and far away from the top end of the outer wall of the through cavity (22), the wall thickness of the partition layer (24) is 1-10 mm, the wall thickness of the common layer (25) is 1-10 mm, and the maximum aperture of the notch groove (21) is larger than or equal to the maximum width of the tooth.

2. The hollow extruded dog chew of claim 1, wherein the edible ingredients comprise, in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of amylose, 3-8 parts of edible adhesive, 2-8 parts of grease, 0.5-5 parts of insoluble cellulose, 0.5-2 parts of soluble dietary cellulose, 2-5 parts of humectant and 0.1-1 part of flavoring agent.

3. The extrusion-type dog chew with a hollow structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein a coating for oral sterilization is arranged on the surface of the dog chew body (1), and the coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of persimmon extract, 2-4 parts of grapefruit seed extract, 2-2.5 parts of honeysuckle extract, 1-1.5 parts of triplicin, 0.5-2 parts of antibacterial peptide, 0.5-1 part of lysozyme and 0.1-0.5 part of anion salt.

4. A process for preparing a hollow structured extruded dog chew according to any of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:

3) curing raw materials: stirring and curing the mixed material by using a steam stirring pot, wherein the amount of steam used in the food industry is 1-3 times of the weight of the raw material in the step 1), and the curing time is 10-30 minutes;

4) primary extrusion molding: feeding the mixed material into a screw extruder, conveying the material to a metering end by a screw, and extruding a strip-shaped semi-finished product, wherein the compression ratio of the screw extrusion in the working section is 1-1.2; the screw pitch and the diameter of the screw extruder are constant;

5) primary cooling;

6) secondary extrusion molding: continuously conveying materials by using a screw, and extruding the semi-finished product out of finished products through neck molds with different section shapes; the compression ratio of the screw extrusion of the section is 1-1.2; the screw pitch of the screw and the diameter of the screw are constant;

7) cooling; used for cooling the supplies and discharging the water vapor that the supplies volatilize;

8) slitting;

11) and (6) packaging.

5. A finished product prepared by the preparation method of the hollow extruded dog chews, wherein the hardness of the finished product is 10-50A, and the finished product meets the biting force of a pet dog of 5-50 kg.