CN110515210B - Grating waveguide device for near-to-eye display - Google Patents
Grating waveguide device for near-to-eye display Download PDFInfo
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- CN110515210B CN110515210B CN201910827457.2A CN201910827457A CN110515210B CN 110515210 B CN110515210 B CN 110515210B CN 201910827457 A CN201910827457 A CN 201910827457A CN 110515210 B CN110515210 B CN 110515210B
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
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- G02B2027/0174—Head mounted characterised by optical features holographic
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grating waveguide device for near-eye display, which consists of an optical substrate and a grating positioned on the surface of the optical substrate; the grating is divided into two incident grating areas, two turning grating areas and an emergent grating area; two turning grating areas are arranged on one side of the emergent grating area in parallel at intervals; the adjacent edges of the two turning grating areas are provided with staggered gaps, two incident grating areas are arranged in the staggered gaps at intervals, the two incident grating areas are staggered with each other, and diffracted light generated by the two incident grating areas can be diffracted by the two turning grating areas to form a light beam without a gap in the middle and is transmitted to the exit grating. The grating waveguide device improves the light effect of the grating waveguide, obviously increases the field angle of the grating waveguide, avoids the occurrence of dark bands in the central area of the emergent grating of the grating waveguide device, enables the light conduction to be more uniform, and ensures the excellent performance of the grating waveguide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of near-eye display, in particular to a grating waveguide device for near-eye display.
Background
Near-eye display devices have evolved rapidly as virtual reality and augmented reality technologies have become recognized and accepted. In the near-eye display device, the grating waveguide display technology is to realize the incidence, turning and emission of light by using a diffraction grating, realize light transmission by using the total reflection principle, transmit an image of a micro display to human eyes and further see a virtual image. However, the current grating waveguide still has the problem that the angle of view needs to be increased to improve the light energy transmission efficiency.
The structure of the present grating waveguide device is shown in fig. 1. The whole device consists of an optical substrate and a grating positioned on the surface of the optical substrate. The optical substrate is generally a planar structure, and the material thereof may be optical material such as optical glass, optical plastic, etc. The main optical surfaces of the optical substrate are two surfaces parallel to each other: an upper surface and a lower surface; the grating is located on one of the surfaces of the optical substrate, there are typically three grating regions (see fig. 1): an incident grating 112, a turning grating 114 and an emergent grating 116, wherein the incident grating 112 is located on the upper side of the turning grating 114, and the turning grating 114 is located on the side of the emergent grating 116. The grating waveguide device with the structure only utilizes the diffraction light of one direction of one incident grating, so the energy utilization rate is low, and stray light is easy to generate to influence the performance of the whole grating waveguide device; and the display field angle of the grating waveguide device is small due to the limitation of the angle range of the single-side diffracted light beam. In order to solve the above problem, there is a grating waveguide device (see fig. 2) with two turning gratings, in which the incident grating 212 is disposed between two turning gratings 214a and 214b, so that the diffracted lights in two directions of the incident grating are utilized to improve the energy utilization rate and also improve the display field angle of the grating waveguide device, but because a large gap D exists between the two turning gratings 214a and 214b, the gap D may cause no outgoing light in the area corresponding to the outgoing grating, i.e., a dark band is generated. Since the gap D exists in the central region of the exit grating 215 of the grating waveguide device, the dark band is also located in the central region, which is the main region where the grating is received by human eyes when the grating waveguide device is in operation, and the dark band in this region can seriously affect the operating performance of the grating waveguide device.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a grating waveguide device for near-eye display, which can solve the problem that the working performance of the grating waveguide device is seriously influenced because a large gap exists between two turning gratings of the conventional grating waveguide device and a dark zone is generated in the central area of an emergent grating of the grating waveguide device.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the embodiment of the invention provides a grating waveguide device for near-eye display, which consists of an optical substrate and a grating positioned on the surface of the optical substrate;
the grating is divided into two incident grating areas, two turning grating areas and an emergent grating area;
two turning grating areas are arranged on one side of the emergent grating area in parallel at intervals;
and staggered gaps are arranged between adjacent edges of the two turning grating regions, two incident grating regions are arranged in the staggered gaps at intervals, the two incident grating regions are staggered with each other, and diffracted light generated by the two incident grating regions can be diffracted by the two turning grating regions to form a light beam without a gap in the middle and is transmitted to the emergent grating.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the grating waveguide device for near-eye display provided by the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the two incident grating areas and the two turning grating areas are arranged in the staggered gap of the two turning grating areas, so that diffracted light generated by the two incident grating areas can form a light beam without a gap in the middle to be transmitted to the exit grating after being diffracted by the two turning grating areas, a dark band in the central area of the exit grating of the grating waveguide device is avoided, the light transmission is more uniform, and the excellent performance of the grating waveguide is ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a grating waveguide device provided in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a prior art grating waveguide device;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a grating waveguide device for near-eye display according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of light transmission of a grating waveguide device for near-eye display according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of one-side light transmission of a grating waveguide device for near-eye display according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another side light guide of a grating waveguide device for near-eye display according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of optical coverage of a grating waveguide device for near-eye display according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a grating waveguide device for near-eye display in another structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific contents of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Details which are not described in detail in the embodiments of the invention belong to the prior art which is known to the person skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a grating waveguide device for near-eye display, where the grating waveguide device is composed of an optical substrate and a grating located on a surface of the optical substrate;
the grating is divided into two incident grating areas, two turning grating areas and an emergent grating area;
two turning grating areas are arranged on one side of the emergent grating area in parallel at intervals;
and staggered gaps are arranged between adjacent edges of the two turning grating regions, two incident grating regions are arranged in the staggered gaps at intervals, the two incident grating regions are staggered with each other, and diffracted light generated by the two incident grating regions can be diffracted by the two turning grating regions to form a light beam without a gap in the middle and is transmitted to the emergent grating.
In the grating waveguide device, the adjacent edges of the two turning grating regions are provided with staggered gaps:
the adjacent edges of the two turning grating areas are both provided with protruding edges, and the two edges provided with the protrusions are arranged in a staggered manner to form staggered gaps.
In the grating waveguide device, two incident grating regions are staggered and arranged to be: the two incident grating regions are completely staggered, and the extension lines of the adjacent edges are overlapped with each other.
In the grating waveguide device, the grating is any one of a surface relief grating, a holographic grating and a volume holographic grating.
Furthermore, the two turning grating regions and the two incident grating regions may be disposed on any side of the emergent grating region, such as a left side, a right side, an upper side or a lower side.
The embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below.
The structure of the grating waveguide device provided by the invention is shown in figure 3. The waveguide device consists of an optical substrate and a grating positioned on the surface of the optical substrate, wherein the grating can be a surface relief grating, a holographic grating, a volume holographic grating and the like. The grating is divided into five regions, which form five main functional regions of the grating waveguide device, namely two incident grating regions (namely a first incident grating region 312a and a second incident grating region 312b), two turning grating regions (namely a first turning grating region 314a and a second turning grating region 314b) and an emergent grating region 316; two incident gratings (i.e., a first incident grating region 312a and a second incident grating region 312b) are used to guide a virtual image beam with a certain field angle and a certain entrance pupil diameter into the grating waveguide device 300; two incident grating regions (i.e., the first incident grating region 312a and the second incident grating region 312b) diffract the incident light in two approximately opposite directions, a portion of which is transmitted toward the first turning grating region 314a (the portion of light is typically +1 st order diffracted light), and a portion of which is transmitted toward the second turning grating region 314b (the portion of light is typically-1 st order diffracted light). After the two portions of diffraction light are transmitted through the turns of the first turning grating 314a and the second turning grating 314b, both portions of diffraction light enter the exit grating region 316 and are effectively utilized. Therefore, the structure can effectively utilize the diffracted beams in different directions generated by the incident grating, greatly improve the light energy conduction efficiency and reduce stray light. In addition, in this configuration, the two diffracted lights generated by the two incident gratings (i.e., the first incident grating region 312a and the second incident grating region 312b) each carry information on the display angle and the viewing angle of the virtual image, and the two diffracted lights are transmitted through the grating waveguide in an angle range approximately twice as large as the angle range allowed for the one diffracted light.
In the grating waveguide structure of the present invention, the first refractive index grating 314a may expand a part of the diffracted light beams (typically +1 st order diffracted light beams) of the two incident gratings (i.e., the first incident grating region 312a and the second incident grating region 312b) in a vertically upward direction while generating diffracted light beams that are directed toward the exit grating 316; the second turning grating 314b can expand another part of the diffracted light beams (typically, the-1 st order diffracted light beams) of the two incident gratings (i.e., the first incident grating region 312a and the second incident grating region 312b) in a vertical downward direction, and generate diffracted light beams propagating toward the exit grating 316, and the exit grating 316 can expand the light beams in a horizontal direction, and propagate light energy out of the grating waveguide 300, so that the image light beams propagating through the grating waveguide 300 exit from the exit pupil and are perceived by the human eye, and a virtual image is seen by the human eye.
Fig. 4, 5, and 6 show the case where light is incident on the waveguide substrate and diffracted by the incident grating 312 (the incident grating 312 represents either one of the incident gratings 312a and 312 b). In the figure, 30 is an incident beam, 31 is a diffracted beam propagating towards the first turning grating 314a, 32 is a diffracted beam propagating towards the second turning grating 314b, when the incident beam 30 varies in the FOV1 field angle range, the beam energy is mainly propagated in the grating waveguide by the diffracted beam 31, the image information carried by the incident beam 30 is propagated from the diffracted beam 31 to the exit grating 316 through the first turning grating 314a, and then propagated out of the grating waveguide lens to enter the human eye to be perceived. When the incident light beam 30 changes in the field angle range of the FOV2, the light beam energy is mainly transmitted in the grating waveguide by the diffracted light beam 32, and the image information carried by the incident light beam 30 is transmitted to the exit grating 316 by the diffracted light beam 32 through the second turning grating 314b, and then transmitted out of the grating waveguide lens to enter the human eye to be sensed; the size of the FOV1 is limited by the angle variation range of the diffracted light beam 31, the size of the FOV2 is limited by the angle variation range of the diffracted light beam 32, and as described above, the diffracted light beam 31 is about 35 degrees, the size of the corresponding FOV1 is also about 35 degrees, the angle range of the diffracted light beam 32 is also about 35 degrees, and the size of the corresponding FOV2 is also about 35 degrees, so that the angle range of the incident light beam 30, that is, the field angle FOV of the grating waveguide device is FOV1+ FOV2 is about 35 ° + 70 °, and therefore the field angle of the grating waveguide of this structure is much larger than that of the grating waveguide which conducts image information only by one diffracted light beam in the past.
In the grating waveguide device of the present invention, there are two incident grating regions (i.e., a first incident grating region 312a and a second incident grating region 312b), the first incident grating 312a and the second incident grating 312b are not at the same horizontal position, but are staggered with each other, and the first turning grating 314a and the second turning grating 314b are both provided with a recess and a protrusion at the edge adjacent to the first incident grating 312a and the second incident grating 312b, respectively, to form two staggered slits, but there is almost no gap between the first turning grating 314a and the second turning grating 314b when viewed along the horizontal direction. This makes it possible to prevent a dark band from being formed between the light transmitted from the first turning grating 314a to the exit grating 316 and the light transmitted from the second turning grating 314b to the exit grating 316. As shown in fig. 7, 41a in fig. 7 is a light beam transmitted from the first turning grating 314a to the exit grating 316, and 41b is a light beam transmitted from the second turning grating 314b to the exit grating 316, and the light beams in fig. 7 are shown by dashed lines.
The grating waveguide device not only improves the light effect of the grating waveguide and obviously increases the field angle of the grating waveguide, but also ensures that diffracted light generated by the two incident grating areas forms a light beam without a gap in the middle to be transmitted to the emergent grating after being diffracted by the two turning grating areas by arranging the two incident grating areas and arranging the two incident grating areas in a staggered way in the gap of the two turning grating areas, thereby avoiding the occurrence of a dark band in the central area of the emergent grating of the grating waveguide device, ensuring the light transmission to be more uniform and ensuring the excellent performance of the grating waveguide.
In the grating waveguide device, the positions of the five grating regions on the waveguide may be adjusted (for example, rotated by 90 degrees), so that the two turning gratings expand and guide the diffracted light beams in the horizontal direction. The exit grating 316 expands the beam in the vertical direction as shown in fig. 8.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A grating waveguide device for near-eye display is characterized in that the grating waveguide device consists of an optical substrate and a grating positioned on the surface of the optical substrate;
the grating is divided into two incident grating areas, two turning grating areas and an emergent grating area;
two turning grating areas are arranged on one side of the emergent grating area in parallel at intervals;
and staggered gaps are arranged between adjacent edges of the two turning grating regions, two incident grating regions are arranged in the staggered gaps at intervals, the two incident grating regions are staggered with each other, and diffracted light generated by the two incident grating regions can be diffracted by the two turning grating regions to form a light beam without a gap in the middle and is transmitted to the emergent grating.
2. The grating waveguide device for near-eye display of claim 1, wherein the adjacent edges of the two turning grating regions have staggered gaps therebetween:
the adjacent edges of the two turning grating areas are both provided with protruding edges, and the two edges provided with the protrusions are arranged in a staggered manner to form staggered gaps.
3. A grating waveguide device for near-eye display according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the two incident grating regions are arranged offset from each other: the two incident grating regions are completely staggered, and the extension lines of the adjacent edges are overlapped with each other.
4. A grating waveguide device for near-eye display according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the grating is any one of a surface relief grating and a holographic grating.
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| CN201910827457.2A CN110515210B (en) | 2019-09-03 | 2019-09-03 | Grating waveguide device for near-to-eye display |
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| CN201910827457.2A CN110515210B (en) | 2019-09-03 | 2019-09-03 | Grating waveguide device for near-to-eye display |
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| CN110515210A CN110515210A (en) | 2019-11-29 |
| CN110515210B true CN110515210B (en) | 2020-04-24 |
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Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111240015B (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-12-18 | 北京理工大学 | Diffraction waveguide with uniform double-side outgoing light |
| CN111123524A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-05-08 | 北京枭龙科技有限公司 | Diffraction waveguide capable of expanding pupil and uniformly emitting light |
| CN111123523B (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-10-27 | 北京枭龙科技有限公司 | Diffractive waveguide without display dark band |
| CN111142263B (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2021-01-05 | 北京枭龙科技有限公司 | Grating waveguide element and near-to-eye display equipment |
| CN111679360A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-09-18 | 北京理工大学 | Large-view-field grating waveguide element and near-to-eye display device |
| CN112462519A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-03-09 | 北京枭龙防务科技有限公司 | Grating waveguide display device with uniform light emission |
| CN112859231A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-05-28 | 北京枭龙科技有限公司 | Grating waveguide optical device |
| CN112965167A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-06-15 | 北京枭龙科技有限公司 | High-efficiency grating waveguide optical element |
| CN113960799A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-01-21 | 北京枭龙防务科技有限公司 | High light efficiency diffractive waveguide element for AR near-to-eye display devices |
| CN114355502B (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2024-01-30 | 烟台艾睿光电科技有限公司 | Diffraction grating waveguide and AR display device |
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| US9513480B2 (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2016-12-06 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Waveguide |
| DE102015122055B4 (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2018-08-30 | Carl Zeiss Ag | Optical system and method for transmitting a source image |
| GB2556938B (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2022-09-07 | Bae Systems Plc | Multiple waveguide structure for colour displays |
| CN108681067A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-10-19 | 上海鲲游光电科技有限公司 | A kind of waveguide display device at extended field of view angle |
| CN108957749A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-12-07 | 成都理想境界科技有限公司 | A kind of nearly eye display module of simple eye big visual field |
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