CN110514968B - Insulator withstand voltage gradient calculation method considering soluble pollution components - Google Patents
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- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
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- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Inorganic materials [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Inorganic materials [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001739 density measurement Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009422 external insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for calculating the withstand voltage gradient of an insulator by considering soluble pollution components, which comprises the following steps of 1, calculating the equivalent salt density content fraction of each soluble pollution component on the surface of the insulator; step 2, based on the dissolution characteristics of calcium sulfate, correcting the equivalent salt density and ash density of each soluble dirt component on the surface of the insulator; step 3, correcting equivalent salt deposit density content fractions corresponding to all soluble pollution components on the surface of the insulator based on equivalent salt deposit density correction values of all soluble pollution components; step 4, calculating flashover voltage gradients corresponding to the soluble pollution components, and superposing the calculated results to obtain the withstand voltage gradient of the insulator under the mixed pollution components; the invention solves the problem that the voltage tolerance of the external insulation cannot be accurately calculated at present.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power transmission and distribution pollution external insulation, in particular to a calculation method of a tolerance voltage gradient of an insulator with soluble pollution components taken into consideration.
Background
Outdoor electrical equipment of transmission lines and substations (especially operating in industrial, coastal and saline-alkali areas) often suffer from industrial pollution or natural saline-alkali, dust, bird droppings and the like. Under the dry condition, the resistance of the dirt dust is very large, and no danger exists for the reliable operation of the insulator; however, when the air humidity is high, for example, under adverse weather conditions such as fog, dew, rain, snow melt and the like, the dirt dust on the surface of the insulator is wetted, and the surface conductance and the leakage current of the insulator are greatly increased under the action of an applied voltage, so that the electrical performance of the surface of the dirt insulator is reduced, even the comprehensive flashover occurs, and the safe and stable operation of a power system is seriously threatened.
Because of different pollution sources, the chemical compositions of pollutants deposited on the surface of the insulator by various particles in the atmosphere are greatly different due to different atmospheric environments and pollution sources. At present, the equivalent salt deposit density and the equivalent ash density are mostly adopted in China to evaluate the degree of dirt on the surface of the electric porcelain. However, in practical application, the pollution flashover voltage of the insulator under the same salt density condition is found to be greatly different, and if the content of monovalent salt (mainly represented by NaCl) contained in the pollution substance is large, the pollution flashover voltage is low; containing divalent salts (mainly CaSO)4Representative), the pollution flashover voltage is higher; different ashes also have different adsorbability and water absorbability, which directly affect the accumulation and water absorbability of dirt on the surface of the insulator, and the condition of occurrence of pollution flashover is changed.
According to the current recognized results in China, the common soluble components in natural filth on the surface of the insulator mainly comprise NaCl and NaNO3、KNO3、MgSO4、NH4NO3、Ca(NO3)2、CaSO4. The occurrence of pollution flashover accidents is directly influenced by the chemical components of pollution, so that the withstand voltage gradient of the insulator under different landform conditions is greatly different. However, at present, when the withstand voltage gradient of the insulator string is evaluated domestically and abroad, only the influence of one component sodium chloride is considered, but at present, no method can comprehensively consider factors such as the conductivity and the solubility of various pollution components, so that the withstand voltage gradient of the insulator string under the mixed pollution components which is more suitable for practical situations is obtained through calculation, the existing pollution degree evaluation and the calculation of the withstand gradient still have defects, and the selection of the external insulation configuration and the formulation of an anti-pollution flashover strategy lack scientific bases.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for calculating the withstand voltage gradient of an insulator by considering soluble pollution components, which aims to solve the problem that the calculation of the withstand voltage of the external insulation is inaccurate because various pollution components cannot be comprehensively considered in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a method for calculating the withstand voltage gradient of an insulator by considering soluble pollutant components comprises the following steps:
step 1, calculating equivalent salt deposit density content fractions of soluble pollution components on the surface of the insulator, wherein the soluble pollution components on the surface of the insulator comprise CaSO4NaCl and at least one of a soluble fouling component further comprising NaCl, KNO3、NH4NO3、NaNO3、Ca(NO3)2And MgSO4(ii) a And 2, correcting the equivalent salt density and ash density of each soluble pollutant component on the surface of the insulator based on the dissolution characteristic of calcium sulfate.
And 3, correcting the equivalent salt deposit density content fraction corresponding to each soluble pollution component on the basis of the equivalent salt deposit density correction value of each soluble pollution component on the surface of the insulator.
And 4, calculating flashover voltage gradients corresponding to the soluble pollution components, and superposing the calculated results to obtain the withstand voltage gradient of the insulator under the mixed pollution components.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the insulator tolerance gradient calculated by the method is basically consistent with the actual measurement result, and the relative error is within 8 percent, so that the method can be directly used for calculating the insulator tolerance gradient under the mixed pollution component, and the problem that the voltage tolerance of the external insulation cannot be accurately calculated at present is solved.
2. The electrical characteristics of the insulators in different pollution source areas are truly reflected through calculation of the tolerance of the insulators under mixed pollution components, and the selection design of external insulation configuration and the development of anti-pollution measures can be accurately guided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing flashover voltage gradient calculations using a conventional method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a comparison graph of flashover voltage gradient calculations using the method of the present invention in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
The method is characterized in that a glass insulator is taken as an object, an artificial pollution test is carried out according to pollution test results of the glass insulator near a highway, in an industrial factory area and in a coastal area to obtain a tolerance voltage gradient of the glass insulator, then the tolerance gradient of the glass insulator is calculated by a traditional tolerance voltage gradient calculation method and the method, and the comparison with the test results is carried out to illustrate the content of the invention. The insulator structural parameters are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 insulator construction parameters
The specific flow chart of the method for calculating the withstand voltage gradient of the insulator considering the soluble filthy components is shown in figure 1, and the method mainly comprises the following steps:
step 1, calculating equivalent salt density content fractions of soluble pollution components on the surface of the insulator according to the types and mass fractions of the soluble pollution components, wherein the soluble pollution components on the surface of the insulator comprise soluble pollution components CaSO4The slightly soluble dirt component NaCl and at least one of the following easily soluble dirt components, wherein the easily soluble dirt component also comprises NaCl and KNO3、NH4NO3、NaNO3、Ca(NO3)2And MgSO4(ii) a Step 2, based on the dissolution characteristics of calcium sulfate, correcting the equivalent salt density and ash density of each soluble pollutant component on the surface of the insulator;
step 3, based on the equivalent salt deposit density correction value of each soluble pollution component on the surface of the insulator, correcting the equivalent salt deposit density content fraction corresponding to each soluble pollution component;
and 4, calculating flashover voltage gradients corresponding to the soluble pollution components, and superposing the calculated results to obtain the withstand voltage gradient of the insulator under the mixed pollution components.
The step of calculating the equivalent salt density content fraction of each soluble filth component in the step 1 is as follows: determining equivalent salt deposit density content fraction according to equivalent salt deposit density contribution rate and mass fraction of each soluble filth component, namely
Wherein i represents a soluble contaminant component, αiThe equivalent salt deposit density contribution rate corresponding to the soluble dirt component is dimensionless; beta is aiIs the mass fraction of the soluble filth component and has no dimension. Alpha under typical soluble foul componentiThe values are as follows:
in step 2, the equivalent salt deposit density measured value of the surface of the insulator is corrected, and the specific implementation steps are as follows: calculating to obtain the actual salt density of other soluble components except calcium sulfate, determining the actual equivalent salt density of calcium sulfate according to the shape and size of the insulator, and adding the two values to obtain the final product
Wherein ESDD is equivalent salt deposit density measured value of the surface of the insulator, and the unit is mg/cm2；ESDD*In order to consider the equivalent salt deposit density correction value, eta, after the slightly soluble calcium sulfateCalcium sulfateIs the equivalent salt density content fraction of calcium sulfate;
the calculation expression is that the equivalent salt density corresponding to the corrected calcium sulfate component is as follows:
in the formula, SDD* Calcium sulfateFor modified CaSO4Corresponding salt density, mg/cm2；αCalcium sulfateIs CaSO4Taking the equivalent salt deposit density contribution rate to be 0.485; a is critical value of saturated concentration of calcium sulfate at 20 ℃, and 3.277g/L is taken; v is the saturated attached water quantity on the surface of the insulator, and is generally 20-30 ml; a. thesIs the surface area of the insulator in cm2。
In step 2, the measured insulator surface ash density value is corrected, and the specific implementation steps are as follows: subtracting the equivalent salt deposit density correction value from the equivalent salt deposit density measured value, dividing the equivalent salt deposit density correction value by the equivalent salt deposit density contribution rate of the calcium sulfate to obtain the mass density corresponding to the undissolved calcium sulfate, and adding the mass density to the ash deposit density measured value to obtain a corrected ash deposit density value, namely the ash deposit density value
Wherein NSDD is measured on the surface ash density of the insulator and has a unit of mg/cm2；NSDD*As a correction value thereof.
In step 3, the equivalent salt density content fraction corresponding to each soluble filth component is corrected, and the specific implementation steps are as follows: respectively correcting the equivalent salt density content fraction of the soluble component and the equivalent salt density content fraction of the calcium sulfate by using the equivalent salt density correction value and the actual equivalent salt density value of the calcium sulfate, namely
In step 4, the withstand voltage gradient of the insulator under the mixed pollution component is calculated, and the steps in the specific implementation are as follows: calculating flashover voltage gradient corresponding to each pollution component, multiplying the flashover voltage gradient by the corrected equivalent salt deposit density content fraction, and superposing the product
In the formula AiThe pollution flashover gradient coefficient corresponding to the soluble component i; n isiThe index is the characteristic index of pollution effect corresponding to the soluble component i, and m is the characteristic index of ash density effect. Where m is determined by the insulator type and ni、AiIs determined by the type of the insulator and the type of the pollution component.
The calculation of the LXY4-160 glass insulator withstand gradient for highway, chemical plant, coastal area operation was chosen as an example in this example to illustrate the invention. The mass fraction of the dirt components on the surface of the insulator in the region, the salt density, the ash density and the withstand voltage gradient test values are shown in the table.
TABLE 2 insulator flashover test results under several mixed contamination components
At present, no method exists, and soluble pollution components can be considered to calculate the tolerance gradient of the overhead line insulator. The traditional method is to directly calculate by equivalent salt density and ash density values, namely:
EL＝A×ESDD-n×NSDD-m
in engineering, for LXY4160 insulators, A is 15.5, n is 0.34, m is 0.13, and the obtained calculation result and the relative error of the calculation result and the measured value are shown in FIG. 2. The data result shows that the relative error between the pollution flashover voltage gradient obtained by the traditional method and the pollution flashover voltage gradient under the actual condition is larger and can reach 35%.
The method is adopted to calculate the withstand voltage gradient of the insulator under the condition of mixed soluble filth components. Firstly, according to the steps 1-3, calculating the equivalent salt density content fraction of each soluble pollutant component according to the type and the mass fraction of the pollutant component; based on the dissolution characteristic of calcium sulfate, correcting equivalent salt density and ash density on the surface of the insulator; and then, based on the equivalent salt deposit density correction value, correcting the equivalent salt deposit density content fraction corresponding to each soluble pollutant component:
and finally, calculating the withstand voltage gradient of the insulator under the mixed pollution components, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
for LXY in this example4-160 insulators, m, ni、AiThe values of (A) are as follows:
the calculated value of the tolerance gradient of the insulator under the mixed pollution component is shown in figure 3, and as can be seen from figure 3, the tolerance gradient of the insulator calculated by the method is basically consistent with the actual measurement result, and the relative error is within 8 percent, which indicates that the method can be directly used for calculating the tolerance gradient of the insulator under the mixed pollution component, thereby truly reflecting the electrical characteristics of the insulator in different pollution source areas and accurately guiding the selection design of the external insulation configuration and the development of the anti-pollution measures.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The embodiments disclosed above are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. All changes which come within the scope of or equivalence to the invention are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (6)
1. A method for calculating the withstand voltage gradient of an insulator by considering soluble pollutant components is characterized by comprising the following steps:
calculating the equivalent salt deposit density content fraction of each soluble pollution component on the surface of the insulator, wherein each soluble pollution component on the surface of the insulator comprises CaSO4NaCl and at least one of a soluble fouling component further comprising NaCl, KNO3、NH4NO3、NaNO3、Ca(NO3)2And MgSO4；
Based on the dissolution characteristic of calcium sulfate, correcting the equivalent salt density and ash density of each soluble pollutant component on the surface of the insulator;
the correction formula of equivalent salt deposit density on the surface of the insulator is as follows:
in the formula, ESDD is the equivalent salt deposit density measured value of the surface of the insulator*In order to consider the equivalent salt deposit density modification value eta of the surface of the insulator after the calcium sulfate is slightly solubleCalcium sulfateIs the equivalent salt density content fraction of calcium sulfate;
the equivalent salt density corresponding to the corrected calcium sulfate component;
the above-mentioned
The expression of (a) is:
in the formula, alphaCalcium sulfateTaking 0.485 as the equivalent salt deposit density contribution rate of calcium sulfate; a is critical value of saturated concentration of calcium sulfate at 20 ℃, and 3.277g/L is taken; v is the saturated attached water quantity on the surface of the insulator, and 20-30ml is taken; a. thesThe surface area of the insulator;
based on the equivalent salt deposit density correction value of each soluble pollution component on the surface of the insulator, correcting the equivalent salt deposit density content fraction corresponding to each soluble pollution component;
and calculating flashover voltage gradients corresponding to the soluble pollution components, and superposing the calculated results to obtain the withstand voltage gradient of the insulator under the mixed pollution components.
2. The method for calculating the gradient of the withstand voltage of the insulator according to claim 1, wherein the equivalent salt concentration fraction η of each soluble contaminant componentiThe calculation formula of (A) is as follows:
i denotes a soluble fouling component, αiThe equivalent salt deposit density contribution rate corresponding to the soluble dirt component is dimensionless; beta is aiIs the mass fraction of the soluble filth component and has no dimension.
3. The method for calculating the withstand voltage gradient of the insulator according to claim 2, wherein the soluble contaminant components are NaCl and NH4NO3、KNO3、NaNO3、Ca(NO3)2、MgSO4And CaSO4The equivalent salt deposit contribution rates corresponding to time are 1.00, 0.855, 0.733, 0.784, 0.550, 0.462 and 0.485, respectively.
4. The insulator withstand voltage gradient calculation method according to claim 1, wherein the insulator surface ash density correction formula is:
wherein the NSDD insulator surface ash density measurement value, NSDD*For its correction value, αCalcium sulfateIs equivalent salt deposit density contribution rate, eta of calcium sulfateCalcium sulfateIs the equivalent salt density fraction of calcium sulfate.
5. The method for calculating the gradient of the withstand voltage of the insulator according to claim 4, wherein the modified formula of the equivalent salt density content fraction corresponding to the soluble contamination component is as follows:
in the formula etaiIs the equivalent salt deposit density fraction of soluble filth components.
6. The method for calculating the withstand voltage gradient of the insulator according to claim 5, wherein the calculation formula of the withstand voltage gradient of the insulator under the mixed pollution component is as follows:
in the formula AiThe pollution flashover gradient coefficient corresponding to the soluble component i; n isiThe characteristic index is the pollution influence characteristic index corresponding to the soluble pollution component i, and m is the ash density influence characteristic index; where m is determined by the insulator type and ni、AiDetermined by the type of the insulator and the category of the pollution components.
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