CN112924326B - Pollution classification improvement method based on soluble pollution components - Google Patents
Pollution classification improvement method based on soluble pollution components Download PDFInfo
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- CN112924326B CN112924326B CN202110173131.XA CN202110173131A CN112924326B CN 112924326 B CN112924326 B CN 112924326B CN 202110173131 A CN202110173131 A CN 202110173131A CN 112924326 B CN112924326 B CN 112924326B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of high voltage and insulation, and particularly relates to a pollution classification improvement method based on soluble pollution components; the technical points are as follows: sampling a pollution site, testing the composition and the mass fraction of soluble chemical components, calculating an equivalent salt density test value and an equivalent ash density test value, then correcting the equivalent salt density test value to obtain an equivalent salt density value, and finally grading the pollution by using the equivalent salt density value and the equivalent ash density test value. The pollution grading improvement method based on the soluble pollution component comprehensively considers the conductive characteristic and the difficult-to-handle characteristic of the complex pollution component, is more practical in pollution degree evaluation, and can accurately obtain the tolerance capacity of the insulator under pollution, thereby providing a more practical method for design and evaluation of external insulation configuration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high voltage and insulation, and particularly relates to a pollution classification improvement method based on soluble pollution components.
Background
Before the external insulation level of the transmission line is determined, the pollution level of the operating environment of the insulator is judged, so that the pollution level is correctly divided, and countermeasures matched with the pollution level are taken in different areas according to the pollution level. At present, the characteristic quantities representing the operation state of the polluted insulator are many, and the equivalent salt deposit density has good correlation with the flashover voltage of the polluted insulator string, and is the method which has the longest use history, the most common application, the most accumulated data and the most summarized experience in the pollution classification method adopted in China, so that the method is the main measurement means adopted by the power operation department.
In addition, the existing research results at home and abroad show that the ash density which is insoluble pollutants has certain influence on the alternating current pollution flashover voltage of the insulator string, and the influence of the ash density is fully considered when the pollution grades are classified, so IEC 60815 (new) proposes that the pollution grades are classified by taking the salt density and the ash density as the pollution characteristic quantities. The standard is provided on the basis of field measurement, operation experience and pollution test and considering the pollution accumulation characteristic of the insulator, the salt density and ash density range of the proposed pollution grade is the maximum value of long-term measurement, and the classification of the pollution grade is more reasonable. In the standard, each pollution level is not suddenly changed from one certain level to another level, and the pollution levels are transited between adjacent pollution levels, so that the standard has important reference significance for determining the external insulation strength of the power transmission line to be configured in certain areas. And then, the external insulation configuration of the polluted area can be checked by utilizing the pollution grade measured on site. The IEC-60815 specifies the corresponding uniform creepage specific distance value under each pollution grade, and the insulation margin can be calculated by combining the number of the field insulators and the pollution degree, so that the safety of the external insulation configuration of the area can be evaluated.
However, the pollution component has a significant influence on the pollution flashover characteristic of the insulator, and the traditional pollution grading only takes equivalent salt density and ash density as references, so that the pollution flashover characteristic of the insulator under the real operation condition cannot be reflected, and the external insulation design and the pollution prevention have certain defects. For example, in a boiler combustion and exhaust gas emission area, the pollution components in the industrial dust area are complex and contain more nitrate, so that the external insulation arrangement of the overhead line near the area suffers serious pollution influence, and in recent years, phenomena such as overhead line insulator discharge, flashover, degradation ablation and the like frequently occur in a heavy industrial dust area, and the safe and stable operation of a power system is seriously damaged.
The existing research results show that under the same equivalent salt deposit density, the flashover voltage values of insulators corresponding to different pollution components are different; and insulator flashover voltage under the mixed components is predicted only according to the measured ESDD value and the ESDD-Uf negative power exponential relation, and the percentage error from the actual test value reaches 40%. Therefore, in the field pollution test, the pollution degree of a polluted area and the electrical performance of the insulator under the pollution condition cannot be represented only by measuring equivalent salt density and ash density.
In view of the defects of the prior art, the inventor develops an improved method for classifying the pollution grades based on soluble pollution components by matching theoretical analysis and research innovation based on years of abundant experience and professional knowledge of the materials, and can more practically represent the external insulation configuration margin of the classified areas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an improved method for classifying the pollutants based on soluble pollutant components.
Further, the method comprises the following operation steps:
s1, testing on-site pollution;
s2, correcting pollution flashover voltage;
and S3, converting the equivalent salt deposit density value.
Further, the specific operation of step S1 is as follows: to insulatorCollecting surface dirt, fully dissolving the collected dirt, and then filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residue; bottling the filtrate after constant volume, weighing the dried filter residue, and dividing the weight by the surface area of the insulator to obtain the ash density test value NSDD M Unit mg/cm 2 (ii) a The filtrate is subjected to conductivity test, and an equivalent salt deposit density test value ESDD is obtained by calculation according to the volume, the conductivity and the surface area of the insulator of the solution M Unit mg/cm 2 (ii) a And simultaneously taking out a part of filtrate to perform ion chromatography analysis to obtain anion and cation components and mass fractions thereof, and pairing the ion components based on a fuzzy clustering method to obtain compound compositions i and beta i. Specifically, the insulator surface contamination is collected, the insulator can be wiped on site by adopting paper towels, then the wiped paper towels are rinsed, the contamination is fully dissolved, and then filtrate and filter residues are obtained through filtration.
Further, because the flashover voltage of the insulator is obviously affected by the pollution components, and under the same equivalent salt density, the difference between the flashover voltage gradient corresponding to the mixed pollution components and the flashover voltage gradient under the single sodium chloride is large, the invention combines the pollution chemical components obtained in the step S1 to correct the pollution voltage, so the specific operation of the step S2 is as follows: three solutions of soluble pollution components with different conductivities are prepared according to the components of the compounds and the mass fractions of the compounds, and the solutions are blended by kaolin to make the solutions viscous, so that the kaolin is used for simulating the ash density of the insulator; staining the insulator by soaking method, extracting a group of samples to measure Equivalent Salt Deposit Density (ESDD) value in mg/cm 2 The other samples are subjected to artificial pollution tests, and then insulator flashover voltage values under three different ESDD values are obtained; and (3) fitting the negative power exponential function of the flashover voltage values of the insulators under three different ESDD values to obtain a flashover voltage calculation formula of the insulator with mixed soluble components: u shape mix ＝A×ESDD -n (ii) a In the formula, ESDD is equivalent salt deposit density; a is a coefficient related to the form of the insulator; n is the characteristic index of mixed pollution effect, and the ESDD is obtained M The above formula is substituted to obtain the dirty flash voltage correction result Umix x in KV under the mixed components.
Further, the amount of kaolin added is controlledIn the case that the ratio of the mass of kaolin to the mass of the fouls is equal to NSDD M /ESDD M . The purpose of blending the soluble contaminant component with kaolin is to equalize the salt density of the blended mixed contaminant component to that in step S1.
Further, the ESDD obtained by the general filthy degree test M The value is obtained based on the conversion of the conductivity of the sodium chloride, and the insulation electrical characteristics under the mixed pollution components cannot be represented, so the specific operation of the step S3 is as follows: ESDD obtained according to insulator pollution voltage test under mixed pollution components M The values are equivalent converted.
Further, the specific steps of equivalent conversion in step S3 are as follows: obtaining a formula according to the flashover characteristic of the insulator under sodium chloride
Obtaining the mixed filth as the corresponding equivalent salt density value (ESDD) * Expression formula (2)
To obtain a formula
Wherein ESDD is the equivalent salt deposit density, A 0 Coefficient, n, relating to the form of the insulator when the soluble substance is sodium chloride 0 Is a characteristic index of the effect of dirt when the soluble substance is sodium chloride, m 0 Is the ash density impact characteristic index.
Further, the flashover characteristic of the insulator under sodium chloride in step S3 is obtained by referring to the basic data of the insulator.
Furthermore, the ESDD reflects the measured salt density value (ESDD) of the mixed filthy component under the same flashover voltage M ) Corresponding equivalent salt density ESDD. Using ESDD and NSDD M And the improved pollution grade graph in IEC-60815 can obtain the improved pollution grade which can represent the actual external insulation electrical strength.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the pollution grading improvement method based on the soluble pollution component comprehensively considers the conductive characteristic and the difficult-to-handle characteristic of the complex pollution component, so that the pollution degree evaluation is more practical, the tolerance capability of the insulator under pollution can be accurately obtained, and a more practical method is provided for the design and evaluation of the external insulation configuration.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a detailed flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the contamination rating in IEC-60815;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the foul rating scale of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined objects, the present invention provides an improved method for classifying soluble contaminant components based on the contaminant classification, and the specific implementation, characteristics and effects thereof are described in detail as follows.
Examples
Taking a typical area mixed pollution component as an example, and setting a pollution accumulation test as a certain type of glass insulator (the structural parameters are shown in table 1), the method is used for classifying the pollution grades, and the specific operations are as follows:
s1, cleaning dirt on the surface of an insulator on site to collect the dirt, rinsing a cleaning paper towel to fully dissolve the dirt, and then filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residue; bottling the filtrate after constant volume, weighing the dried filter residue, and dividing the weight by the surface area of the insulator to obtain the ash density test value NSDD M Unit mg/cm 2 (ii) a Performing conductivity test on the filtrate after bottling, and converting according to the volume and conductivity of the solution and the surface area of the insulator to obtain equivalent salt deposit density test value ESDD M ；
Simultaneously, taking out a part of filtrate to perform ion chromatography analysis to obtain anion and cation components and mass fractions thereof, and then pairing the ion components based on a fuzzy clustering method to obtain the component ratio of the main compounds, wherein the specific results are shown in Table 2;
s2, preparing three compounds according to the components and the mass fractions of the compoundsSolutions of soluble fouling components of different conductivities and the solutions were made viscous by blending with kaolin; staining the insulator by a staining method, extracting a group of samples to measure the Equivalent Salt Deposit Density (ESDD) value of the samples in mg/cm 2 The other samples are subjected to artificial pollution tests, and then insulator flashover voltage values under three different ESDD values are obtained; and (3) fitting the negative power exponential function of the flashover voltage values of the insulators under three different ESDD values to obtain a flashover voltage calculation formula of the insulator with mixed soluble components: u shape mix ＝A×ESDD -n (ii) a In the formula, ESDD is equivalent salt deposit density; a is a coefficient related to the form of the insulator; n is a characteristic index of mixed pollution influence, and ESDD is obtained M The above formula was substituted to obtain the dirty-flash voltage correction results Umix, in KV, for the mixed components.
S3, obtaining the ESDD according to the insulator pollution voltage test under the mixed pollution components M Performing equivalent conversion on the value, and specifically comprising the following steps of: obtaining a formula according to the flashover characteristic of the insulator under sodium chloride
Obtaining the mixed filth as the corresponding equivalent salt density value (ESDD) * Expression formula (2)
To obtain a formula
Wherein ESDD is the equivalent salt deposit density, A 0 Coefficient, n, relating to the form of the insulator when the soluble substance is sodium chloride 0 Is a characteristic index of the effect of dirt when the soluble substance is sodium chloride, m 0 Is the ash density impact characteristic index.
For the type glass insulator provided by the embodiment, looking up documents and factory test tables to obtain the relationship between the flashover voltage and the ESDD negative power exponent under sodium chloride can be expressed as follows: u shape f ＝18×ESDD -0.34 Combining the results in Table 2, the flashover voltage correction result Umix is obtained according to the artificial flashover characteristic test under the mixed soluble pollution component, and the mixed pollution can be obtainedThe equivalent salt density ESDD of the ingredients is shown in table 3.
Table 1 structural parameters of the line insulator of this embodiment
TABLE 2 proportion of mixed filth components and filth degree in typical area of this example
TABLE 3 flashover voltage correction results Umix and ESDD for mixed pollution components in typical areas of this example
The filth characteristic parameters in table 3 are classified and compared according to the filth degree measured values before and after the improved filth classification method, as shown in table 4 and fig. 3:
TABLE 4 comparison of results of filth rankings
As can be seen from table 4, the improved method for classifying the pollution levels reduces the pollution levels of half of the test points by one level. As can be seen from fig. 1, for the pollution components and the insulator samples configured according to the characteristics of the pollution components in the typical area, the SPS (pollution discharge standard) of the pollution class measured by the traditional IEC-60815 pollution class classification method is between d and e; and after adopting the improved classification method, the pollution grade SPS is obtained * Between c-d, the SPS values are clearly lower.
In conclusion, the pollution degree is evaluated according to the equivalent salt deposit density measured value of the polluted liquid sample, and the pollution grade of the test point is overestimated. And an improved pollution classification method is adopted, and the conductive characteristic and the indissolvable characteristic of complex pollution components are comprehensively considered, so that the pollution degree evaluation is more practical, the tolerance capability of the polluted insulator can be accurately obtained, and parameter reference is provided for the design and evaluation of the external insulation configuration.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An improved method for classifying the pollution based on soluble pollution components is characterized in that the pollution is classified by sampling the pollution site, testing the composition and the mass fraction of soluble chemical components, calculating an equivalent salt density test value and an ash density test value, then correcting the equivalent salt density test value to obtain an equivalent salt density value, and finally classifying the pollution by the equivalent salt density value and the ash density test value;
the method specifically comprises the following operation steps:
s1, testing on-site pollution;
s2, correcting pollution flashover voltage;
s3, converting the equivalent salt density value;
the specific operation of step S1 is as follows: collecting dirt on the surface of an insulator, fully dissolving the collected dirt, and then filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residue; bottling the filtrate after constant volume, weighing the dried filter residue, and dividing the weight by the surface area of the insulator to obtain the ash density test value NSDD M Unit mg/cm 2 (ii) a The filtrate is subjected to conductivity test, and an equivalent salt deposit density test value ESDD is obtained by calculation according to the volume, the conductivity and the surface area of the insulator of the solution M Unit mg/cm 2 (ii) a Simultaneously taking out a part of filtrate to perform ion chromatography analysis to obtain anion and cation components and mass fractions thereof, and then pairing the ion components based on a fuzzy clustering method to obtain compound compositions i and beta i;
the specific operation of step S2 is as follows: preparing three solutions of soluble dirt components with different conductivities according to the components of the compounds and the mass fractions of the compounds, and blending the solutions with kaolin to make the solutions viscous; staining the insulator by a staining method, extracting a group of samples to measure the Equivalent Salt Deposit Density (ESDD) value of the samples in mg/cm 2 The testing method is the same as the step 1, the other samples are subjected to artificial pollution tests, and then insulator flashover voltage values under three different ESDD values are obtained; and (3) performing negative power exponential function fitting of the flashover voltage values of the insulators under three different ESDD values to obtain an insulator flashover voltage calculation formula of mixed pollution components: u shape mix ＝A×ESDD -n (ii) a In the formula, ESDD is equivalent salt deposit density; a is a coefficient related to the form of the insulator; n is the characteristic index of mixed pollution effect, and the ESDD is obtained M And substituting the above formula to obtain a pollution flashover voltage correction result Umix, unit KV, under the mixed pollution component.
2. The improved method for soil grading based on soluble soil components according to claim 1, wherein the amount of kaolin added is controlled such that the ratio of the mass of kaolin to the mass of soluble soil components in step 2 is NSDD M /ESDD M 。
3. The improved method for classifying the filth based on the soluble filth component as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the specific operation of the step S3 is: ESDD obtained according to insulator pollution voltage test under mixed pollution components M The values are equivalent converted.
4. A soluble mess base according to claim 3The method for improving the component pollution classification is characterized in that the equivalent conversion in the step S3 comprises the following specific steps: obtaining a formula according to the flashover characteristic of the insulator under sodium chloride
Further obtain the equivalent salt density value (ESDD) of the mixed filth * Expression of (a):
to obtain a formula
Wherein ESDD is equivalent salt deposit density, A 0 Coefficient, n, relating to the form of the insulator when the soluble substance is sodium chloride 0 Is a characteristic index of the effect of dirt when the soluble substance is sodium chloride, m 0 Is the ash impact characteristic index.
5. The improved soluble pollutant component-based pollution classification method according to claim 4, wherein the flashover characteristics of the insulator under sodium chloride in the step S3 are obtained by referring to basic insulator data.
6. The improved method for classifying the pollutants based on the soluble pollutant components according to claim 1, wherein the specific operation of the artificial pollution experiment is to connect the polluted insulator into a high-voltage test loop, and continuously increase the applied voltage until the insulator flashover.
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| CN104090218A (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2014-10-08 | 国家电网公司 | Method for safe region evaluation of filthy degree of electric transmission line insulator |
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| CN110514968A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-11-29 | 南京工程学院 | A kind of insulator withstanding voltage gradient calculation method considering solvable filthy ingredient |
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