CN110514955B - Single-phase intermittent arc grounding fault positioning method for low-current grounding power grid - Google Patents
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- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
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- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
- Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location
Abstract
The invention discloses a single-phase intermittent arc grounding fault positioning method for a low-current grounding power grid, which is characterized in that an arc burning state is detected, an arc reignition moment is captured, a disturbance signal is injected at the initial stage of the arc reignition, an intermittent arc is converted into a stable arc, the disturbance signal is injected successfully in a fault phase, a fault line and a non-fault line can be distinguished through the indication condition of a fault indicator, and a fault area is determined. Compared with random injection of disturbance signals, the method has the following advantages: the invalidity of disturbance signal injection during arc extinction is avoided, arc reignition caused by fault phase voltage rise due to disturbance signal injection during arc extinction is avoided, and system overvoltage burden is not additionally increased; and disturbance signals are injected during the arc combustion, and the increase of the fault current is favorable for promoting the intermittent arc to be converted into the stable arc, so that the damage of the intermittent arc is reduced, and the effectiveness of fault positioning is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power fault detection, in particular to a single-phase intermittent arc grounding fault positioning method for a low-current grounding power grid.
Background
A neutral point non-effective grounding mode is mostly adopted in a 6-35 kV medium-voltage distribution network in China, and the single-phase grounding fault is the highest in proportion in faults occurring in the system operation process. Due to the fact that the structure of the power distribution network is complex, fault current generated by single-phase earth faults is small, and certain difficulty is caused in fault location. At present, a plurality of theoretical methods have been proposed aiming at fault location under the condition of single-phase grounding of a power distribution network, and a plurality of devices are put into field operation.
The currently proposed fault location methods mainly use two categories of fault signal location and location by injected signals. When the system generates single-phase intermittent arc grounding, the arc burning and arc extinguishing processes are repeated in a short time, the uncertainty of the process makes the optimal time for injecting signals difficult to determine, and complex transient signals generated in the repeated arc extinguishing and re-burning processes bring serious interference to fault signal positioning. Patent publication No. CN106324430A proposes a fault location device for parallel resistor disturbing signals, that is, after a fault occurs, a non-fault parallel resistor is alternately connected in parallel at a bus as a disturbing signal, and a detection point upstream of a fault point can detect the corresponding disturbing signal. Document 1 (zizheng, zhuangshu instrument, liu spontaneous, plu yao tablet, zhang yu qiao, analysis of power distribution network fault location method based on parallel resistance disturbance signal [ J ]. power system automation, 2018,42(09):195-200.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170817005.) proposes an improved method for the device, proposes to combine the grounding condition of neutral point, only injects disturbance signal to the leading phase or lagging phase of the fault phase, but still mainly utilizes the steady-state signal after single-phase grounding. In the case of single-phase intermittent arc grounding, if the time of the parallel resistor is a gap where the arc is temporarily extinguished, a disturbance signal cannot be injected into the fault line, and fault location fails.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a method for positioning the single-phase intermittent arc grounding fault of the low-current grounding power grid, so as to realize the identification and positioning of the fault area.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a single-phase intermittent arc grounding fault positioning method for a low-current grounding power grid comprises the following steps: collecting phase voltage data on a bus of the transformer substation, and judging whether a single-phase ground fault exists or not; after the single-phase earth fault is detected and the fault phase is determined, whether the fault phase is intermittent arc grounding is judged through an intermittent arc identification method; if the voltage characteristic of the fault phase is positive, capturing the reignition time of the intermittent arc through the voltage characteristic of the fault phase, and injecting a disturbance signal at the next sudden change time of the voltage of the fault phase bus, and if the voltage characteristic of the fault phase is negative, directly injecting the disturbance signal; the fault phase current is increased during the perturbation signal injection period to determine the fault region.
Preferably, the intermittent arc identification method comprises the following steps: and decomposing the voltage of the fault phase bus by using wavelet transformation, selecting the wavelet decomposition scale according to the sampling frequency, recording the mutation times of the voltage of the fault phase in a set time interval, and judging that the intermittent arc is grounded when the mutation times are greater than a set value.
Preferably, the method for capturing the reignition time of the intermittent arc is to perform 6-layer decomposition on the fault phase voltage signal by using DB6 wavelet transform, and determine the voltage jump caused by arc combustion through the high-frequency coefficient d3 of the 3 rd layer, where the d3 coefficient suddenly increases, and the time when the d3 coefficient breaks through the threshold value is the reignition time of the arc.
Preferably, the bus is connected in parallel with a grounded signal source device, the grounded signal source device includes three groups of switching devices and resistors which are sequentially connected in series to be grounded, and the parallel resistance of the non-fault phase is changed to increase the fault current.
Preferably, the method for injecting the disturbance signal is to control the grounded signal source device, and the resistor is grounded through a switch device on a bus of a selected phase.
Preferably, the step of determining the fault area further includes locating the fault by combining the line topology and the indication condition of the fault indicator.
Preferably, the switching device described above is a fast power electronic switch.
According to the scheme, an improved method is provided according to the problem of positioning uncertainty of a power distribution network fault positioning method based on parallel resistance disturbance signals in a single-phase intermittent arc earth fault, namely, an arc burning state is detected, an arc reignition moment is captured, and disturbance signals are injected at once in an arc reignition initial stage, and compared with the method of randomly injecting the disturbance signals, the method has the following advantages:
1) the ineffectiveness of disturbance signal injection during arc extinction is avoided, arc reignition caused by fault phase voltage rise due to disturbance signal injection during arc extinction is avoided, and system overvoltage burden is not additionally increased.
2) And disturbance signals are injected during the arc combustion, and the increase of the fault current is favorable for promoting the intermittent arc to be converted into the stable arc, so that the damage of the intermittent arc is reduced, and the effectiveness of fault positioning is improved.
3) The intermittent arc is converted into the stable arc, so that a disturbance signal is successfully injected in a fault phase, and the fault line and the non-fault line can be distinguished through the indication condition of the fault indicator, and the fault area is determined.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a fault location method provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power distribution network according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an intermittent combustion arc waveform in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of fault phase current waveforms injected with perturbation signals during arc quenching in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of fault phase current waveforms injected with perturbation signals during arcing in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a grounded signal source device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for locating the single-phase intermittent arc grounding fault of the low-current grounding power grid provided by the invention comprises the following steps: collecting phase voltage data of a bus of the transformer substation, and judging whether a single-phase ground fault exists or not; after the single-phase earth fault is detected and the fault phase is determined, decomposing the bus voltage of the fault phase by utilizing DB6 wavelet, selecting the wavelet decomposition scale according to the actual sampling frequency, and recording the mutation times N of the fault phase voltage in the delta t time interval; when N is smaller than a set value Nset, directly injecting a disturbance signal; when N is larger than a set value Nset, the intermittent arc is judged to be grounded, the reignition time of the intermittent arc is captured through the fault phase voltage characteristics, a disturbance signal is injected at the next sudden change time of the fault phase bus voltage, the fault phase current is increased in the disturbance signal injection period, a fault area is determined, and if the positioning fails, the disturbance signal is repeatedly injected at the next sudden change time of the bus voltage.
The method for capturing the reignition time of the intermittent arc is characterized in that 6-layer decomposition is carried out on a fault phase voltage signal by utilizing DB6 wavelet transformation, a voltage sudden change caused by arc combustion is judged through a high-frequency coefficient d3 of a 3 rd layer, a d3 coefficient is suddenly increased, and the time when a d3 coefficient breaks through a threshold value is the reignition time of the arc.
As shown in fig. 6, the ground signal source device is connected in parallel to the bus, and includes three sets of switching devices and resistors connected in series and grounded in sequence, where the switching devices are fast power electronic switches, and change the parallel resistance of a non-fault phase to increase fault current.
The method for injecting the disturbing signal is to control the grounding signal source device, and the resistor is grounded through the switch device on the bus of the selected phase.
The step of determining the fault area further comprises the step of locating the fault by combining the line topology and the indication condition of the fault indicator.
According to simulation verification of the power distribution network line schematic diagram shown in fig. 2, in the case of intermittent arc grounding, the effectiveness of the positioning method for the injection disturbance signal is greatly affected by the characteristics of arc burning and extinguishing, so that an accurate intermittent arc model needs to be established. The classical arc models mainly comprise a Mayr model, a Cassie model and an improved Mayr model based on different hypothesis conditions. The Cassie model is suitable for simulating the arc gap low resistance state before the arc current crosses zero, and the Mayr model is suitable for simulating the arc gap high resistance state after the arc current crosses zero. The extinguishing and re-burning states of the intermittent arc after the current zero crossing need to be researched, and a Mayr model is adopted for simulation analysis, wherein the arc equation is shown as a formula (1).
In the formula: gmIs the arc dynamic conductance; e is arc column electric fieldStrength; i is arc gap current; tau ismIs the arc time constant; p is a radical oflossDissipating power, p, for the arc columnlossIs also constant. .
A Mayr arc model is built by adopting a TACS control resistor, a numerical integration element, a comprehensive mathematical element and the like of a TACS module in EMTP software, and is applied to a 10kV neutral point ungrounded distribution network for single-phase intermittent arc grounding simulation, as shown in figure 2, a branch line of a fourth outgoing line has a single-phase intermittent arc grounding fault, the arc is started when the fault phase voltage reaches a peak value, the fault phase voltage is randomly extinguished when the power frequency current crosses zero, and the fault phase voltage is re-ignited at the peak value of the phase voltage after one or more cycles. The arc voltage and current simulation waveforms are shown in fig. 3. The arcing time is respectively 0.098s, 0.138s and 0,218s, and the arc extinguishing time is respectively 0.128s and 0.183 s. When disturbance signals are injected in 0.19 s-0.21 s when the arc is extinguished, namely the arc is not reignited in the signal injection period, and at the moment, the fault phase current waveform is as shown in a graph of fig. 4(a), the fault phase current is not changed, and the fault positioning fails; secondly, the rise of the fault phase voltage in the signal injection period leads the electric arc to be re-ignited in advance (re-ignited at 0.197 s), the waveform of the fault phase current is shown in fig. 4(b), the fault phase current is increased for a short time, the fault positioning requirement is met, the re-ignition of the electric arc can increase the overvoltage burden of the system, the intermittent electric arc overvoltage can reach 2.2-2.5 times of the amplitude of the phase voltage at most, and the system safety is not facilitated. If the arc reignition moment is captured and the disturbance signal (0.22 s-0.25 s) is injected immediately, the waveform of the fault phase current at the moment is shown in fig. 5, the fault phase current is obviously increased in the disturbance signal injection period, the fault positioning requirement is met, and the overvoltage of the system is not aggravated because no arc reignition exists in the period.
The invention provides an improved method according to the problem of positioning uncertainty of a power distribution network fault positioning method based on parallel resistance disturbance signals in a single-phase intermittent arc grounding fault, namely, the method is used for detecting the arc burning state, capturing the arc reignition moment and immediately injecting disturbance signals in the initial arc reignition stage. Compared with random injection of disturbance signals, the method has the following advantages:
1) the ineffectiveness of disturbance signal injection during arc extinction is avoided, arc reignition caused by fault phase voltage rise due to disturbance signal injection during arc extinction is avoided, and system overvoltage burden is not additionally increased.
2) And disturbance signals are injected during the arc combustion, and the increase of the fault current is favorable for promoting the intermittent arc to be converted into the stable arc, so that the damage of the intermittent arc is reduced, and the effectiveness of fault positioning is improved.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A single-phase intermittent arc grounding fault positioning method for a low-current grounding power grid comprises the following steps:
collecting phase voltage data on a bus of the transformer substation, and judging whether a single-phase ground fault exists or not;
after the single-phase earth fault is detected and the fault phase is determined, whether the fault phase is intermittent arc grounding is judged through an intermittent arc identification method;
if the voltage characteristic of the fault phase is positive, capturing the reignition time of the intermittent arc through the voltage characteristic of the fault phase, and injecting a disturbance signal at the next sudden change time of the voltage of the fault phase bus, and if the voltage characteristic of the fault phase is negative, directly injecting the disturbance signal;
the fault phase current is increased during the perturbation signal injection period to determine the fault region.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the intermittent arc identification method step comprises: and decomposing the voltage of the fault phase bus by using wavelet transformation, selecting the wavelet decomposition scale according to the sampling frequency, recording the mutation times of the voltage of the fault phase in a set time interval, and judging that the intermittent arc is grounded when the mutation times are greater than a set value.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the method for capturing the restrike time of the intermittent arc is to perform 6-layer decomposition on the fault phase voltage signal by utilizing DB6 wavelet transformation, judge the voltage sudden change caused by the arc burning through the high-frequency coefficient d3 of the 3 rd layer, and judge the sudden increase of the d3 coefficient, wherein the time when the d3 coefficient breaks through the threshold value is the restrike time of the arc.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the bus is connected in parallel with a grounded signal source device comprising three sets of switching devices, resistors, connected in series to ground in sequence, to change the parallel resistance of the non-faulted phase to increase the fault current.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method of injecting the perturbation signal is controlling a grounded signal source device, grounding a resistor through a switching device on a bus of a selected phase.
6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: the switching device is a fast power electronic switch.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: the step of determining the fault area further comprises the step of positioning the fault by combining the line topology and the indication condition of the fault indicator.
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| CN112068028B (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2022-06-14 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Intermittent single-phase earth fault identification method |
| CN112684282B (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2022-07-19 | 国网河北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Power distribution network single-phase earth fault identification method and device and terminal equipment |
| CN113567810B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2022-07-05 | 中国矿业大学 | Method, device and system for positioning arc grounding fault section of power distribution network |
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