CN110513717B - Diagnosis and prevention method for ash blockage of tail flue gas channel of double-tangential-circle combustion boiler - Google Patents
Diagnosis and prevention method for ash blockage of tail flue gas channel of double-tangential-circle combustion boiler Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for diagnosing, preventing and treating ash blockage of a tail flue gas channel of a double-tangential-circle combustion boiler comprises the steps of simulating the working condition of hot-state operation in a cold state, measuring the section wind speed of a heating surface at the key position of the tail flue gas channel of the double-tangential-circle combustion boiler, and comparing whether a region with low wind speed is basically consistent with an ash deposition region or not; if the wind speeds of the key positions are the same, under the cold state, the opening of the reheated flue gas baffle is adjusted for multiple times, the heating surface section wind speed of the key position under each opening is monitored, and the opening of the reheated flue gas baffle with the most uniform heating surface section wind speed of the key position is obtained as a pre-adjusted opening; and under a thermal state, adjusting the parameters of the double tangential circular combustion boiler, and ensuring that the opening degree of the reheating smoke baffle is close to the pre-adjustment opening degree when the double tangential circular combustion boiler normally operates. The method can well prevent and treat the ash blockage of the tail flue gas channel only by adjusting the opening of the flue gas baffle, and has the advantages of simple and easy implementation, low cost and easy control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of boiler debugging, and particularly relates to a diagnosis and prevention method for ash blockage of a flue gas channel at the tail part of a double-tangential circle combustion boiler.
Background
After a low-nitrogen combustor of a large-scale unit is transformed, the radiation heat exchange in a furnace and the convection heat exchange at the tail part can be obviously changed and are mainly reflected in the upward movement of the flame center, so that the enhancement of the convection heat exchange is caused, the screen type overheating, the excess temperature of the pipe wall of a final superheater and a final reheater, the accident water spray amount is increased, and the exhaust gas temperature is increased.
Meanwhile, the large-scale unit is more researched on the abrasion of the heating surface pipeline of the tail flue gas channel, and the large-scale unit is mostly analyzed according to the quality, overheating and corrosion of the pipe, the structure and the operation mode of the soot blower and the like, so that the reason for causing the abrasion of the pipeline is analyzed, targeted measures are taken, and the abrasion of the tail heating surface pipeline is relieved.
However, the research and the control of tail passage ash deposition caused by the low-nitrogen combustor after modification are not reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention fills the blank of diagnosis and prevention of ash blockage of the tail flue gas channel of the double-tangential circular coal-fired boiler after the low-nitrogen combustor is transformed, and provides a diagnosis and prevention method of ash blockage of the tail flue gas channel of the double-tangential circular coal-fired boiler.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a diagnosis and prevention method for ash blockage of a flue gas channel at the tail part of a double tangential circle combustion boiler comprises the following steps:
(1) blowing out the boiler and checking the ash deposition area of the flue gas channel at the tail part of the double tangential circle combustion boiler;
(2) under the cold state, simulating the working condition of hot state operation, measuring the section wind speed of the heating surface at the key position of the tail flue gas channel of the double tangential circular combustion boiler, and comparing whether the region with low wind speed is basically consistent with the soot deposition region;
(3) if the area with low wind speed is basically consistent with the ash deposition area, under the cold state, adjusting the opening of a reheated flue gas baffle for multiple times and monitoring the heated surface section wind speed of the key position under each opening, wherein the opening of the reheated flue gas baffle with the most uniform heated surface section wind speed of the key position is obtained as a pre-adjusted opening; if the area with low wind speed is obviously inconsistent with the ash deposition area, the ash deposition of the flue gas channel at the tail part of the double tangential circle combustion boiler is not caused by low wind speed, so that the method is not suitable for the prevention and control method;
(4) and (3) under a thermal state, adjusting parameters of the double tangential circular combustion boiler, and enabling the opening degree of the reheated flue gas baffle to be close to the pre-adjusted opening degree obtained in the step (3) when the normal operation of the double tangential circular combustion boiler is ensured.
In the invention, because the action factors of the dust deposition are many, the wind speed is measured in relation to the selection of the section of the heating surface, so when comparing whether the area with low wind speed is consistent with the dust deposition area, the wind speed only needs to be basically consistent, and the position deviation can be considered to be consistent within 500 mm.
In the invention, the uniform wind speed of the heating surface cross section at the key position mainly means that the wind speed of each heating surface cross section tends to be consistent and the wind speed at the same cross section position tends to be consistent, such as the wind speed at the inlets of the economizer 1 and the economizer 2 and the wind speed at the inlets of the primary reheater and the primary superheater.
In the invention, the normal operation of the double-tangential circular combustion boiler means that the temperature of main steam and the temperature of reheated steam reach within +/-5 ℃ of design values, the temperature-reduced water amount of the reheated steam is 0t/h, and the operation economic parameters, the safety parameters and the environmental protection parameters of the boiler are ensured to reach the standard.
In the invention, the key positions comprise a primary reheater, a secondary reheater, an economizer and a primary superheater.
Specifically, the key positions include an inlet of a primary reheater, an outlet of a secondary reheater, an inlet of an economizer and an inlet of a primary superheater.
Specifically, the wind speed of the cross section of the heating surface is measured according to a grid method.
Specifically, a turbine anemometer is used to measure the wind speed.
Preferably, when the side length of the cross section of the heating surface is less than or equal to 500mm, the row number of the measuring points of the wind speed is set to be 2-4, and the row number of the measuring points is increased by 1 row every time the side length of the cross section of the heating surface is increased by 500 mm.
In the invention, the reheated flue gas baffle and the superheated flue gas baffle are arranged in a linkage manner, and when the opening degree of the reheated flue gas baffle is adjusted, the opening degree of the superheated flue gas baffle is automatically adjusted.
Preferably, step (3) further comprises a test of adjusting the opening of the economizer bypass flue gas damper.
In the invention, in the step (4), the parameters of the double tangential circular combustion boiler comprise a main burner swing angle, a large air box baffle plate opening degree and running oxygen amount.
In the invention, the load of the double tangential circular combustion boiler is 450-600 MW.
In the invention, the method for simulating the working condition of thermal state operation is a conventional method, and specifically comprises the following steps: starting a primary air blower, an air feeder and an induced draft fan under the condition that the unit is stopped, keeping the ratio of primary air volume to secondary air volume equal to that of cold air volume and hot air volume to each other according to a similar principle, and keeping the Reynolds number criterion in the furnace to be more than 105Under the condition (2), the cold state aerodynamic working condition in the furnace is similar to the hot state.
According to the principle, the primary air nozzle and the secondary air nozzle control air speed in the cold-state modeling test are calculated according to the design parameters of the boiler under the rated load. And regulating the primary air throttling shrinkage hole and the opening degree of a secondary air damper baffle to adjust the primary air speed and the secondary air speed to the required control air speed.
Due to the implementation of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the method can well prevent and treat the ash blockage of the tail flue gas channel only by adjusting the opening of the flue gas baffle, and has the advantages of simple and easy implementation, low cost and easy control.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a portion of a boiler heating surface arrangement;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional wind velocity distribution diagram of the secondary reheater outlet, wherein the rows are arranged from the bottom of the boiler to the top, and the measurement points are arranged from the side A of the boiler to the side B of the boiler;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional wind velocity profile of the primary reheater inlet;
FIG. 4 is a reheater-side economizer inlet cross-sectional wind velocity profile;
FIG. 5 is a first stage superheater inlet cross-sectional wind velocity profile;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional wind velocity profile of the economizer inlet on the superheater side;
the rows in fig. 3 to 6 are arranged from the front of the boiler to the back of the boiler, and the measuring points are arranged from the side A of the boiler to the side B of the boiler.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The skilled person can make modifications to the preparation method and the apparatus used within the scope of the claims, and such modifications should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
The No. 1 boiler of a certain power plant adopts a double-tangent circle combustion mode, a No. 1 to No. 4 angle burner forms a virtual tangent circle on the left half part of a hearth, a No. 5 to No. 8 angle burner forms a virtual tangent circle on the right half part of the hearth, and the directions of the two tangent circles are opposite.
The boiler superheater comprises five parts, namely a ceiling superheater, a rear coating superheater, a primary superheater, a secondary superheater and a tertiary superheater. The ceiling superheater is arranged in a downstream mode, the rear cladding superheater is arranged in a countercurrent mode, and the primary superheater is arranged on the rear upper portion of the vertical shaft flue in a countercurrent mode through the economizer suspension pipe. The secondary superheater belongs to a radiation screen type superheater and is suspended above the hearth. The tertiary superheater belongs to a semi-radiation and semi-convection type and is suspended at a hearth flue gas outlet. The boiler reheater is composed of a primary reheater and a secondary reheater. The primary reheater is suspended by an economizer pipe and arranged in a countercurrent mode in the front upper portion of the vertical shaft flue. The secondary reheater is suspended above the flare angle.
The tail vertical shaft is divided into a front flue and a rear flue by a partition wall. The front flue is provided with a primary reheater (low-temperature reheater) and an economizer, and the rear part is provided with a primary superheater (low-temperature superheater) and a low-temperature economizer. The bottom of the smoke separation channel is provided with a smoke adjusting baffle device for separating the smoke amount so as to ensure the outlet temperature of the reheat steam within a control load range. A schematic view of the heated surface layout is shown in fig. 1.
The unit is modified by a low-nitrogen burner in 2017 in 6-9 months, the reheating smoke baffle is always in a small-opening state under medium and high loads after the modification, and after the reheating smoke baffle continuously operates for one month in 2018 in 5 months, the conditions of pipe explosion of a tail primary superheater and a primary reheater occur.
For analyzing the reasons of tube explosion, firstly, a furnace is shut down to check an ash deposition area, and then, in a cold state, the hot state operation is simulated according to the following method: starting a primary air blower, an air feeder and an induced draft fan under the condition that the unit is stopped, keeping the ratio of primary air volume to secondary air volume equal to that of cold air volume and hot air volume to each other according to a similar principle, and keeping the Reynolds number criterion in the furnace to be more than 105Under the condition (2), the cold state aerodynamic working condition in the furnace is similar to the hot state.
According to the principle, the primary air nozzle and the secondary air nozzle control air speed in the cold-state modeling test are calculated according to the design parameters of the boiler under the rated load. And adjusting the primary air throttling shrinkage hole and the opening degree of a secondary air damper baffle to adjust the primary air speed and the secondary air speed to the required control air speed, and starting the test of the section air speed of the heating surface at the key position.
The key positions are determined according to the arrangement mode of the furnace type and the heated surface, and the key positions of the unit are as follows: secondary reheater (final reheater) (furnace outlet position), primary superheater, primary reheater, and economizer (primary superheater side and primary reheater side) sections; wind speed is carried out by using a scaffold and a platform in the furnace and adopting a turbine anemometer according to an equal section grid method. The length L (or B) of the section of the rectangular air duct and the number N of the rows of the measuring points are specified in table 1.
TABLE 1
After the test is finished, the tested data is drawn into a histogram according to the cross section distribution, so that the data can be analyzed conveniently, and the test result is shown in fig. 2-6.
From the wind speed distribution diagram of the section at the key position, the wind speed of the section of the inlet of the primary reheater and the section of the inlet of the low-temperature economizer (on the reheater side) (economizer 1) close to the front wall is obviously lower, which is identical with the area with serious ash deposition during blowing-out inspection, and the wind speed of the middle area of the section of the inlet of the economizer (on the superheater side) (economizer 2) is found to be lower.
On the basis of the above test results, tests of the opening degree of the flue gas baffle (30%/30%/100%, 50%/50%/80%, 70%/70%/60%, 90%/90%/40%) and the economizer bypass flue gas baffle (fully on and fully off) were performed, and the test results are shown in tables 2 to 3, where table 2 shows the test values of different opening degrees of the flue gas baffle when the economizer bypass flue gas baffle is fully off, and table 3 shows the test values of fully open and fully closed economizer bypass flue gas baffles when the opening degree of the A/B side reheat flue gas baffle is 50%/50%.
Note: in the unit, the reheated flue gas baffle and the superheated flue gas baffle are arranged in a linkage manner, when the opening degree of the reheated flue gas baffle is adjusted, the opening degree of the superheated flue gas baffle is automatically adjusted, and the sum of the average value of the opening degrees of the reheated flue gas baffles on the A/B sides and the opening degree of the superheated flue gas baffle is 130%.
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
In tables 2 and 3, the a/B-side wind speed deviation is (a-side wind speed-B-side wind speed)/B-side wind speed, and the a/B-side wind speed deviation is obtained by calculating the result from the accurate values of the a-side wind speed and the B-side wind speed and keeping two decimal places.
As can be seen from the data in tables 2 and 3, the flue gas baffle opening and the economizer bypass baffle opening have a large influence on the low-speed region (the position of the inlet cross section of the primary reheater and the low-temperature economizer (on the reheater side) close to the front wall), and corresponding measures are taken to balance the flue gas baffle opening in the thermal test.
Under 600MW and 450MW loads, the opening degrees of the smoke baffles before and after adjustment are shown in Table 4 through the reasonable configuration of parameters such as main burner swing angles, large air box air door baffles on two sides, running oxygen amount and the like.
TABLE 4
Through the parameter setting of rationalization for reheat flue gas baffle aperture under the well high load has the opening of certain degree big, has avoided the condition that the little wind speed of baffle aperture is low to appear, and the unit operates 6 months more according to the operating mode after the adjustment, temporarily moves well and does not discover the sign of stifled ash.
When the pipe is operated according to the working condition before adjustment, the pipe is subjected to ash blockage and pipe explosion after the pipe is operated for 1 month under high load and is operated for 3 months under medium load.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A diagnosis and prevention method for ash blockage of a flue gas channel at the tail part of a double tangential circle combustion boiler is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) blowing out the boiler and checking the ash deposition area of the flue gas channel at the tail part of the double tangential circle combustion boiler;
(2) in a cold state, simulating a working condition of hot state operation, measuring the section wind speed of the heating surface at the key position of the tail flue gas channel of the double tangential circular combustion boiler, and comparing whether a region with low wind speed is basically consistent with the soot deposition region or not, wherein the position deviation is basically consistent within 500 mm;
(3) if the area with low wind speed is basically consistent with the ash deposition area, under the cold state, adjusting the opening of a reheated flue gas baffle for multiple times and monitoring the heated surface section wind speed of the key position under each opening, wherein the opening of the reheated flue gas baffle with the most uniform heated surface section wind speed of the key position is obtained as a pre-adjusted opening;
(4) adjusting the parameters of the double tangential circular combustion boiler in a thermal state, and enabling the opening degree of the reheated flue gas baffle to be close to the pre-adjusted opening degree obtained in the step (3) when the normal operation of the double tangential circular combustion boiler is ensured,
the key positions comprise a primary reheater, a secondary reheater, an economizer and a primary superheater.
2. The method for diagnosing and preventing ash blockage of the tail flue gas channel of the double tangential circular combustion boiler according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the key positions comprise an inlet of a primary reheater, an outlet of a secondary reheater, an inlet of an economizer and an inlet of a primary superheater.
3. The method for diagnosing and preventing ash blockage of the tail flue gas channel of the double tangential circular combustion boiler according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the wind speed of the cross section of the heating surface is measured according to a grid method.
4. The method for diagnosing and preventing ash blockage of a tail flue gas channel of a double tangential circle combustion boiler according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and measuring the wind speed by adopting a turbine anemometer.
5. The method for diagnosing and preventing ash blockage of a tail flue gas channel of a double tangential circle combustion boiler according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the side length of the cross section of the heating surface is less than or equal to 500mm, the row number of the measuring points of the wind speed is set to be 2-4, and 1 row of the measuring points is added when the side length of the cross section of the heating surface is increased by 500 mm.
6. The method for diagnosing and preventing ash blockage of the tail flue gas channel of the double tangential circular combustion boiler according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the reheating smoke baffle and the overheating smoke baffle are arranged in a linkage mode, and when the opening degree of the reheating smoke baffle is adjusted, the opening degree of the overheating smoke baffle is automatically adjusted.
7. The method for diagnosing and preventing ash blockage of the tail flue gas channel of the double tangential circular combustion boiler according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) testing the opening degree of the bypass flue gas baffle of the economizer by adjusting.
8. The method for diagnosing and preventing ash blockage of the tail flue gas channel of the double tangential circular combustion boiler according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (4), the parameters of the double-tangential circular combustion boiler comprise a main burner swing angle, a large air box baffle plate opening degree and running oxygen amount.
9. The method for diagnosing and preventing ash blockage of the tail flue gas channel of the double tangential circular combustion boiler according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the load of the double-tangential circular combustion boiler is 450-600 MW.
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| CN202011221407.9A CN112797438B (en) | 2019-07-15 | 2019-07-15 | Method for preventing and treating ash blockage of flue gas channel at tail part of double-tangential-circle combustion boiler |
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| CN111664443A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-09-15 | 国网河北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Cold state research method for adjusting smoke temperature deviation of two sides of tetragonal tangential boiler |
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