CN110512664B - Hinge type anchor rope frame beam soil slope reinforcement power model device and test method - Google Patents
Hinge type anchor rope frame beam soil slope reinforcement power model device and test method Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hinge type anchor rope frame beam soil slope reinforcement power model device and a test method, wherein a shearing model box is arranged on a centrifuge basket of a geotechnical centrifuge, a plurality of data line interfaces are arranged on a data acquisition channel adding device, each data line interface is connected with a corresponding strain type data acquisition channel through a shielding line, each data line interface is connected with a corresponding shielding line interface through a plurality of conversion channels respectively, the opening and closing of each conversion channel are controlled through a radio station, and all the shielding line interfaces are connected with corresponding strain sensors through shielding lines; the slope surface of the cutting slope model is provided with a hinged anchor rope frame beam, the cross beam and the longitudinal beam are connected through hinged members, an anchor rope fixing beam is internally supported in a shearing model box, and all hinged members are fixedly connected with the anchor rope fixing beam through prestressed anchor ropes. The invention can simulate flexible support and prestress application of the hinge type anchor cable frame beam reinforced side slope, and overcomes the problem of limited number of data acquisition channels.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and relates to a hinged anchor cable frame beam reinforced soil slope dynamic model device and a test method.
Background
The earthquake disaster prevention system is one of countries with frequent geological disasters, and loss and casualties caused by landslide, collapse and other geological disasters are large each year, and the earthquake is even more serious. The landslide of the soil slope has the highest incidence rate, especially the special soil such as red clay, expansive soil and the like, and mainly occurs in Hunan, guizhou, yunnan and the like. For the slope, the prestress anchor cable frame beam is a slope retaining structure which is widely used at present; at present, the structure is generally formed by pouring reinforced concrete, and because the structure is a rigid structure, the supporting soil body is greatly deformed due to rainfall, expansion force is generated, the structure is easy to damage, and the flexible supporting of the frame beam cannot be realized, so that the hinged anchor cable frame beam is provided for reinforcing the soil slope. In order to further understand the action mechanism of the reinforced soil slope of the structure, analyze the stability of the slope and provide scientific basis for the destabilization mechanism of the slope, the dynamic characteristics and the response rule of the reinforced slope must be studied in depth.
The dynamic model test of the prestressed anchor cable frame beam reinforced side slope is an important means for checking the mechanical property of the supporting structure, and the conventional indoor dynamic model test can not simulate the stress strain level of a prototype. The dynamic centrifugal model test is to place a model made of prototype material or substitute material according to a certain prototype scaling scale in a high-speed centrifugal force field generated by a fast-running centrifuge, to make the stress state level of the model identical to that of the prototype by increasing the dead weight volume force of the model, and then to input corresponding seismic parameters to a vibrating table, so that the model presents a deformation and destruction process similar to that of the prototype.
Currently, in the dynamic model test, the model boxes used may be flexible model boxes, rigid model boxes, and layered shear model boxes. Compared with a rigid model box and a flexible model box, the shear effect and boundary conditions of a semi-infinite soil body under the action of an earthquake can be simulated by the shear model box, and the shear model box is a key for obtaining effective test data in the comprehensive centrifugal vibration test. Shear molding boxes, which act as a modular molding box, typically do not allow for external modification of the molding box in the presence of a high-speed centrifugal field. In the tensioning process of the anchor cable, one end of the anchor cable is firstly extended into a soil body to be fixed, and for a dynamic model test provided with bedrock, the anchor cable fixing section is arranged in the bedrock; and for the soil slope, the anchor cable is difficult to fix, and the application of the prestress of the anchor cable is difficult.
The centrifuge is used as an instrument device for carrying out the dynamic model test, and the centrifuge is provided with a system capable of carrying out data acquisition, but the centrifuge can be used for carrying out the dynamic model test, has a limited number of channels for data acquisition (a voltage channel 32 group, a current channel 16 group and a strain channel 16 group), and has great difficulty in data acquisition when the number of sensors to be tested in the test exceeds the number of corresponding data acquisition channels on the centrifuge. The existing solution is as follows: (1) adding directly according to the existing data acquisition device; the added cost of the channel is 1.2 ten thousand yuan/channel, the time required for purchase and installation of the manufacturer is half a year to one year, and the added cost of the 96 channels is 115.2 ten thousand yuan. In addition, when the existing centrifugal machine is used for model test, no proper position is used for installing an added data acquisition device, the original acquisition system of the centrifugal machine is required to be dismantled, an acquisition channel is planned again, the initial counterweight of the centrifugal machine is adjusted, the operation is complex, and the cost is high. (2) High-frequency on-site acquisition equipment with a data storage function; the equipment needs to move together with the shearing model box, and the installation requirement is high; under the conditions of a centrifugal field and simulated earthquake, the normal work of the earthquake is difficult to ensure; if the test data is not acquired, the risk of unreliability exists; in addition, the device is used for collecting by opening the collecting device before the test starts, the centrifugal machine is stopped after the test ends, the collection can be finished after the safety is ensured, and the invalid data volume is very large. (3) high-frequency acquisition (5 KHz) and a wireless transmission device; for example, the DH5921 wireless acquisition module of the Donghua test 4 channel is high in cost, and an external data acquisition system is required to acquire data, so that the integrity and stable transmission of the data are difficult to ensure.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides the hinged anchor rope frame beam reinforced soil slope power model device which can simulate flexible support and prestress application of the hinged anchor rope frame beam reinforced slope, overcome the problem of limited number of data acquisition channels, accurately measure deformation stress characteristics and corresponding slope power of the hinged anchor rope frame beam reinforced slope under the conditions of centrifugal fields and simulated earthquakes, provide scientific basis for stability analysis and the like of the assembled frame beam reinforced soil slope, and solve the problems in the prior art.
The invention further aims to provide a test method of the hinged anchor cable frame beam reinforced soil slope power model device.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the hinged anchor cable frame beam reinforced soil slope power model device comprises a shearing model box, a geotechnical centrifuge and a data acquisition system; the cutting slope model is filled in the shearing model box, the shearing model box is arranged on a centrifuge basket of the geotechnical centrifuge, the data acquisition system comprises a data acquisition channel increasing device, a plurality of data line interfaces are arranged on the data acquisition channel increasing device, each data line interface is connected with a corresponding strain type data acquisition channel through a shielding line, each data line interface is connected with a corresponding shielding line interface through a plurality of conversion channels, and the opening and closing of each conversion channel are controlled through a radio station; all the shielding wire interfaces are connected with the corresponding strain sensors through shielding wires; the slope of cutting slope model is provided with hinge type anchor rope frame roof beam, and hinge type anchor rope frame roof beam includes a plurality of crossbeams, longeron and articulated component, and crossbeam and longeron mutually perpendicular are connected through articulated component between crossbeam and the longeron, the inside anchor rope fixed beam that is equipped with the level and places and be on a parallel with domatic of cutting slope model, and anchor rope fixed beam internal stay is in shearing model case, and all articulated component all pass through prestressed anchorage cable and anchor rope fixed beam fixed connection.
Further, two ends of each cross beam or longitudinal beam are respectively provided with an L-shaped connecting end and a tightening end, the L-shaped connecting end of each cross beam or longitudinal beam is respectively provided with an L-shaped connecting end, the L-shaped connecting end of each hinge member is provided with a movable end and a tightening end, the movable ends of the cross beams, the longitudinal beams or the hinge members are respectively provided with a through hole, the tightening ends of the cross beams, the longitudinal beams or the hinge members are respectively provided with a threaded hole, the aperture of the threaded hole is smaller than that of the through hole, the movable end of each cross beam or longitudinal beam is connected with the tightening end of the hinge member through self-tapping screws, and the tightening end of each cross beam or longitudinal beam is connected with the movable end of the hinge member through self-tapping screws; the end parts of the near slope surfaces of the cross beam and the longitudinal beam are provided with arc surfaces.
Further, the two ends of the anchor rope fixed beam are provided with first threaded holes with opposite threaded directions, hexagon head bolts are respectively arranged in the first threaded holes, the anchor rope fixed beam is internally supported in the shearing model box through the two hexagon head bolts, one end of the pre-stressed anchor rope is anchored on the anchor rope fixed beam, the other end of the pre-stressed anchor rope penetrates out of the center of the hinging member, and the pre-stressed anchor rope is fixedly connected with the hinging member after being applied.
Further, the center of articulated component is equipped with the second screw hole, and outer hexagonal cavity bolt is installed to the second screw hole, and prestressing force anchor rope adopts stainless steel stranded conductor, and the outside cover of stainless steel stranded conductor is equipped with the organic glass pipe that the inner wall smeared the lubricant, evenly is equipped with a plurality of apertures on the anchor rope fixed beam, and stainless steel stranded conductor one end passes the aperture and passes anchor rope solid fixed ring and anchor rope fixed beam fixed connection, and stainless steel stranded conductor other end wears out outer hexagonal cavity bolt, after prestressing force is applyed with outer hexagonal cavity bolt fixed connection.
Furthermore, acceleration sensor, displacement sensor, axial force sensor, soil pressure sensor are equipped with to the corresponding measurement station of cutting slope model, still are equipped with voltage type data acquisition channel, electric current type data acquisition channel on geotechnical centrifuge's the centrifuge data acquisition panel, and voltage type data acquisition channel is connected with voltage type sensor, and electric current type data acquisition channel is connected with electric current type sensor.
Further, the height of the anchor cable fixing beam corresponds to the thickness of each layer of the shearing model box, and is smaller than the vertical distance between two adjacent prestress anchor cables, and the width and the height of the anchor cable fixing beam are equal.
Further, the anchor rope fixed beam rotates for a circle, and the axial moving distance of the hexagon head bolt along the anchor rope fixed beam is the same as the bud distance of the hexagon head bolt.
Further, the cross beam, the longitudinal beam or the hinging member is made of aluminum plates with the width of 10.7mm and the height of 6 mm.
The test method of the hinged anchor rope frame beam reinforced soil slope power model device adopts the hinged anchor rope frame beam reinforced soil slope power model device, and specifically comprises the following steps:
S1, determining a similarity ratio based on a similarity theory, and determining the geometric dimension of a slope model, a slope material and the maximum test acceleration of a geotechnical centrifuge;
S2, filling a cutting slope model in a layered manner in the shearing model box; when the cut slope is filled to a preset position, a corresponding sensor is buried; when a cutting side slope is filled to a pre-buried position of a pre-stressed anchor cable, a groove parallel to the slope is dug at a proper distance from the rear side wall of the cutting side slope, an anchor cable fixing beam is placed in the groove and internally supported between the box bodies of the shearing model box, one end of the pre-stressed anchor cable is connected with the anchor cable fixing beam, and the other end of the pre-stressed anchor cable extends out of the slope;
S3, installing a hinge type anchor cable frame beam to strengthen the side slope; the prestress anchor cable passes through the center of the hinging member, prestress is applied to one end of the prestress anchor cable extending out of the hinging member through the prestress applying device, and then the prestress anchor cable is fixedly connected with the hinging member;
s4, weighing the manufactured shearing model box, calculating a counterweight, hanging the shearing model box on a centrifuge basket of a geotechnical centrifuge, installing a camera, starting camera shooting software, checking the condition in a laboratory, and starting centrifuge monitoring equipment and data acquisition equipment after ensuring safety;
S5, inputting earthquake load and collecting power test data.
Further, in the step S2, the width of the groove is the length of the diagonal line of the cross section of the anchor cable fixing beam, the depth of the groove is the distance from the bottom of the anchor cable fixing beam to the center of the small hole, the anchor cable fixing beam is uniformly provided with a plurality of small holes, the positions of the small holes are in one-to-one correspondence with the prestressed anchor cables, and the central elevation of the small holes is consistent with the center of the hinging member of the hinge type anchor cable frame beam.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the flexible support of the hinge type anchor cable frame beam reinforced side slope can be simulated; the hinge type anchor cable frame beam comprises a plurality of cross beams, longitudinal beams and hinge members, the cross beams and the longitudinal beams are mutually perpendicular, the cross beams and the longitudinal beams are connected through the hinge members, the expansion deformation of soil bodies can be adapted, the flexible supporting characteristics of the anchor cable frame beam are realized, the stress and strain level of a soil slope reinforced by the hinge type anchor cable frame beam can be well simulated, and a theoretical basis is provided for grasping the power response rule of the assembled frame beam reinforced side slope under the earthquake action.
2. The prestress application of the hinge type anchor cable frame beam reinforced slope can be simulated; the cutting slope model is internally provided with the anchor rope fixed beam which is horizontally placed and parallel to the slope, the anchor rope fixed beam is internally supported in the shearing model box, all hinged members are fixedly connected with the anchor rope fixed beam through the prestressed anchor rope, the tensioning difficulty of the prestressed anchor rope is reduced, and under the action of earthquake waves, the anchor rope fixed beam and the shearing model box body frame are in coordinated deformation together, so that the shearing effect and the boundary condition of a semi-infinite soil body under the action of the earthquake can be well simulated.
3. The invention is based on the existing data acquisition system of the centrifuge, and utilizes the data acquisition channel adding device to expand the corresponding type data acquisition channel, so that the data acquisition is accurate, the data transmission is stable and reliable, the data storage is ensured, the data loss is prevented, and the cost is low.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a front elevational view of an inner strut anchor segment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of the inner strut anchor segment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an inner strut anchoring segment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of an assembled frame beam mold with hinges.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the components that make up the hinged assembled frame beam mold.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a hinge of an assembled frame beam mold.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a hinged fabricated frame beam mold flexible support.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a data acquisition channel adding device.
FIG. 9 is a graph of an El-Centro seismic waveform of a centrifugal vibration table input in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 10 is a waveform of Taft input from a centrifugal vibration table in an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure, the anchor cable fixing beam is 1, the first threaded hole is 3, the hexagon head bolt is 4, the box body is 5, the small hole is 6, the hinge anchor cable frame beam is 7, the second threaded hole is 8, the prestressed anchor cable is 9, the rear side wall is 10, the head is 11, the end part is 12, the anchor cable fixing ring is 13, the self-tapping screw is 14, the arc surface is 15, the centrifuge data acquisition panel is 16, the data acquisition channel is increased, the data line interface is 17, the shielding line interface is 18, the cross beam is 19, and the longitudinal beam is 20.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention relates to a hinged anchor cable frame beam reinforced soil slope power model device, which comprises a shearing model box, a geotechnical centrifuge and a data acquisition system; cutting slope models are filled in the cutting model boxes, the cutting model boxes are arranged on centrifuge hanging baskets of the geotechnical centrifuge, corresponding sensors are installed at measuring points of the cutting slope models, and all the sensors are connected with the data acquisition system through shielding wires.
As shown in fig. 4-7, the slope of the cutting slope model is provided with a hinged anchor cable frame beam 6, the hinged anchor cable frame beam 6 comprises a plurality of cross beams 19, longitudinal beams 20 and hinged members, the cross beams 19 and the longitudinal beams 20 are mutually perpendicular, the cross beams 19 and the longitudinal beams 20 are connected through the hinged members, two ends of each cross beam 19 or each longitudinal beam 20 are respectively provided with an L-shaped connecting end and a tight end, the hinged part of each hinged member is respectively provided with an L-shaped connecting end, the L-shaped connecting end of each hinged member is provided with a movable end and a tight end, the movable ends of the cross beams 19, the longitudinal beams 20 or the hinged members are respectively provided with a through hole, the tight ends of the cross beams 19, the longitudinal beams 20 or the hinged members are respectively provided with a threaded hole, the aperture of the threaded holes is smaller than the aperture of the through holes, the movable ends of each cross beam 19 or each longitudinal beam 20 are connected with the tight ends of the hinged members through self-tapping screws 13, and the tight ends of each cross beam 19 or each longitudinal beam 20 are connected with the movable ends of the hinged members through self-tapping screws 13; the near slope ends of the cross beam 19 and the longitudinal beam 20 are provided with arc surfaces 14.
As shown in fig. 1-3, all the hinged components are fixedly connected with an anchor rope fixing beam 1 through a prestressed anchor rope 8, the anchor rope fixing beam 1 is horizontally placed in a cutting slope model and parallel to the slope, and two ends of the anchor rope fixing beam 1 are internally supported in a shearing model box. The prestressed anchor cable 8 is simulated by adopting a stainless steel stranded wire (capable of bearing 1kN tensile force) with the diameter of 1mm, and an organic glass tube with the inner wall smeared with lubricant is sleeved outside the stainless steel stranded wire, and the inner diameter of the organic glass tube is 3mm; one end of the stainless steel stranded wire is fixedly connected with the anchor rope fixing beam 1 through the anchor rope fixing ring 12, and the other end of the stainless steel stranded wire extends out of the center of the hinging member; the organic glass tube has the advantages that the excessive position deviation of the stainless steel stranded wires under the action of the attached soil body is avoided, the length of the free section of the stainless steel stranded wires is ensured, the tensioning is convenient, and the corrosion of the soil body to the stainless steel stranded wires can be prevented.
The two ends of the anchor rope fixed beam 1 are provided with first threaded holes 2 with opposite thread directions, hexagon head bolts 3 are respectively arranged in the first threaded holes 2, the anchor rope fixed beam 1 is internally supported in a shearing model box through the two hexagon head bolts 3, a plurality of small holes 5 are uniformly formed in the anchor rope fixed beam 1, and the other ends of the stainless steel stranded wires penetrate through the small holes 5 and are fixedly connected with the anchor rope fixed beam 1 through anchor rope fixed rings 12. If the two ends of the anchor rope fixed beam 1 extend into the limiting holes corresponding to the box body 4 to be clamped, the secondary use of the shearing model box is affected, the position of the limiting holes is not easy to determine accurately, and the shearing model box is excessively deformed when the anchor rope fixed beam 1 is installed, so that the reuse of the model box is affected. Therefore, the first threaded holes 2 and the hexagon head bolts 3 at the two ends of the anchor rope fixing beam 1 are arranged, the operation is convenient, the anchor rope fixing beam 1 can be arranged at any position in the shearing model box according to the position of the hinge member of the hinge type anchor rope frame beam 6, the shearing model box is not damaged, and the test cost is reduced.
As shown in fig. 8, a centrifuge data acquisition panel 15 of the geotechnical centrifuge is provided with a voltage type data acquisition channel, a current type data acquisition channel and a strain type data acquisition channel, wherein the voltage type data acquisition channel is connected with a voltage type sensor, and the current type data acquisition channel is connected with a current type sensor; the data acquisition system comprises a data acquisition channel adding device 16, wherein a plurality of data line interfaces 17 are arranged on the data acquisition channel adding device 16, each data line interface 17 is connected with a corresponding strain type data acquisition channel through a shielding line, each data line interface 17 is connected with a corresponding shielding line interface 18 through a plurality of switching channels, and the opening and closing of each switching channel are controlled through a radio station; all shielded wire interfaces 18 are connected to corresponding strain sensors by shielded wires.
The invention discloses a test method of a hinged anchor cable frame beam reinforced soil slope power model device, which comprises the following steps:
S1, determining a similarity ratio based on a similarity theory, and determining the geometric dimension of a slope model, a slope material and the maximum test acceleration of a geotechnical centrifuge;
The soil characteristics of the model and the soil characteristics of the actual cutting slope to be detected must keep certain similarity, and the parameters of the soil characteristics are shown in table 1 in the soil sampling of the engineering to be detected in the embodiment of the invention. The water content of the soil body is measured before the dynamic test, and the water content of the soil body is 37.5 percent which is the same as that of the site filling soil, and the wet density is 1.8g/cm 3. The mixture is used for testing after being subjected to choke plug for one day and night; and calculating the filling quality of each layer according to the target dry density.
Table 1 physical Properties of soil for test
| Popular name A | Maximum dry density | Optimum water content | Plastic limit | Liquid limit |
| High liquid limit silt | 1.53g/cm3 | 25％ | 46％ | 66％ |
Adopting a TLJ-150A geotechnical centrifuge, wherein the theoretical maximum centrifugal acceleration is 150g, and selecting 30 g-120 g is recommended; the model is scaled to be 1/70 of the prototype size, the test acceleration is increased to 70 times of the gravity acceleration, so that the stress state of the model is consistent with that of the prototype, the maximum centrifugal acceleration of the test model is 70g, and the test acceleration is within the selection range of the TLJ-150A geotechnical centrifuge; the power test simulates the cut slope as follows: the slope ratio of the original slope is 1:2, the first-level slope is supported by anchor cable frame beams to be 8m high, and the slope ratio is 1:1. And the second stage adopts an anti-slide pile with the height of 10m, and the size of each part of the dynamic test model is converted by using a model scale to manufacture a shearing model box.
S2, filling a cutting slope model in a layered manner in the shearing model box, and burying a corresponding sensor; the filling cutting slope model comprises soil compaction, sensor embedding, installation and test of the anchor rope fixing beam 1 and fixing of the hinge type anchor rope frame beam 6.
Drawing a cutting side slope contour line on the inner wall of the shearing model box, compacting and filling the cutting side slope according to the contour line; when the cut slope is filled to a preset position, a corresponding sensor is buried; the reinforced side slope dynamic test comprises acceleration, displacement, axial force, dynamic soil pressure and frame beam strain. For the arrangement condition of the acceleration sensors, a certain number of acceleration sensors are respectively arranged on the outer part of the shearing model box, the central section in the model box and the parallel section, and particularly, a voltage type ultra-small waterproof single-shaft accelerometer can be adopted for detecting the seismic wave input of the table surface of the vibrating table, providing a base number for calculating the amplification effect of each part of the soil body and the structure, comparing the base number with the acceleration of the vibrating table, and measuring the seismic response of each part and the influence of the detection boundary. For the arrangement condition of the displacement sensor, the horizontal displacement and the vertical displacement are measured at the three sections of the central section anchor cable, the cross beam midspan and the frame beam parting, and the current type direct current differential transformer type displacement sensor can be specifically used for measuring the horizontal displacement and the vertical displacement of the hinge type anchor cable frame beam 6, wherein the horizontal displacement represents the horizontal deformation reaction of the soil slope, and the vertical displacement represents the vertical settlement reaction of the soil slope. For the arrangement situation of the axial force sensor, each anchoring point is provided with the axial force sensor, and a voltage type ZNLBS coin type micro S-shaped tension sensor can be specifically adopted for measuring the pre-applied anchoring force of each pre-stressed anchor cable 8. The dynamic soil pressure sensors are arranged in 3 typical sections of the hinged anchor cable frame beams 6, the cross beam 19 and the longitudinal beam 20, and can be specifically voltage type soil pressure sensors for measuring the soil pressure change amount inside the hinged anchor cable frame beams 6. The invention focuses on researching the change of bending moment of the hinge type anchor cable frame beam 6 structure at the midspan and anchoring positions of the cross beam 19 and the longitudinal beam 20, so that semiconductor strain gages are arranged on the near slope and the far slope of the midspan and anchoring positions of the cross beam 19 and the longitudinal beam 20 in a single model.
When a cutting side slope is filled to the pre-buried position of the pre-stressed anchor cable 8, a groove parallel to the slope is dug at a proper distance from the rear side wall 9 of the cutting side slope, and the pre-stressed anchor cable 8 is far away from the slope as much as possible, because slight quality change can cause deviation of test results under the influence of an ultra-gravity field; meanwhile, in order to facilitate the installation of the anchor rope fixing beam 1 and the fixation of the pre-stressed anchor rope, the pre-stressed anchor rope 8 cannot abut against the rear side wall 9; the width of the groove is the length of the diagonal line of the cross section of the anchor rope fixing beam 1, so that the anchor rope fixing beam 1 can be supported in the shearing model box through free rotation; the depth of the groove is the distance from the bottom of the anchor rope fixing beam 1 to the center of the small hole 5, so that the center of the small hole 5 and the prestressed anchor rope 8 are on the same horizontal line, the anchor rope fixing beam 1 is uniformly provided with a plurality of small holes 5, the positions of the small holes 5 are in one-to-one correspondence with the prestressed anchor ropes 8, and the central elevation of the small holes 5 is consistent with the center of the hinging member of the hinge type anchor rope frame beam 6, so that the prestress is applied.
The anchor rope fixed beam 1 is placed in a groove, first threaded holes 2 with opposite threaded directions are formed in the two ends of the anchor rope fixed beam 1, the end portions 11 of the hexagon head bolts 3 are screwed into the first threaded holes 2, firstly, the head portions 10 of the hexagon head bolts 3 are just contacted with the box body 4, then the head portions 10 of the hexagon head bolts 3 are clamped by two adjustable wrenches, the middle of the anchor rope fixed beam 1 is clamped by an adjustable wrench with the optimal opening length of 30mm, the anchor rope fixed beam 1 and the hexagon head bolts 3 are driven to rotate relatively by a certain angle towards the direction of the rear edge wall 9, the hexagon head bolts 3 at the two ends simultaneously move outwards due to the fact that the threaded directions of the two hexagon head bolts 3 are opposite, the head portions 10 of the hexagon head bolts 3 and the box body 4 are enabled to produce extrusion, the anchor rope fixed beam 1 is supported between the box body 4 of a shearing model box body by means of friction force between the hexagon head bolts 3 and the box body 4, the anchor section of the anchor rope fixed beam 1 is connected with the anchor rope fixed beam 8, the free section of the pre-stressed anchor rope 8 is sleeved with a glass tube, and the pre-stressed anchor rope 8 penetrates out of the hinged member of the hinge type anchor rope frame 6.
The anchor rope fixed beam 1 rotates for a circle, the distance of the hexagonal head bolt 3 moving along the axial direction of the anchor rope fixed beam 1 is the same as the bud distance of the hexagonal head bolt 3, the model of the hexagonal head bolt 3 is M10×30, and the bud distance is 1.5; the anchor cable fixing beam 1 rotates for a circle towards the rear edge wall 9, and the hexagon head bolts 3 on two sides are screwed out by 1.5mm outwards, so that the effect of extruding the box body 4 to obtain friction force is achieved; the friction force is related to the roughness of the contact surface and the contact pressure between objects, firstly, sand paper is used for manufacturing a rough surface on the contact surface between the head 10 of the hexagon head bolt 3 and the box body 4, or a rubber layer is arranged on the head 10 of the hexagon head bolt 3; then the anchor rope fixed beam 1 is rotated towards the rear edge wall 9 to squeeze the box body 4 to obtain the friction force, and the friction force between the anchor rope fixed beam 1 and the box body 4 is tested from the horizontal direction through the dynamometer every time the box body rotates for one circle until the research requirement is met. The test method of tensile capacity of the anchor cable fixing beam 1 comprises the following steps: the pre-stress anchor cable 8 simulates the field anchoring force of 650kN, comprehensively considers that the bearing axial force is 0.138kN (13.8 kg) through similar conversion, directly passes nine stainless steel stranded wires with equal length through the small holes 5, fixes the stainless steel stranded wires on the anchor cable fixing beam 1 through the anchor cable fixing ring 12, simultaneously applies the horizontal force of 0.138KN outwards through nine force measuring devices with the same model, and checks the tensile capacity of the anchor cable fixing beam 1; if the requirement is not met, continuously screwing the anchor rope fixing beam 1 towards the rear side wall 9 for one circle or multiple times, so that the hexagon bolts 3 at the two ends simultaneously move outwards, and the acting force for extruding the box body 4 is increased, so that the test requirement is met; and (5) continuing filling, and repeating the operation to finish the installation of the second group and the third group of anchor cable fixing beams 1. Wherein the effective lengths of the anchored pre-stressed anchor lines 8 of the first, second and third sets of anchor line fixation beams 1 vary linearly depending on the slope rate.
The arrangement of the spacing of the small holes 5 is arranged according to the spacing between the second threaded holes 7 of the hinge type anchor cable frame beam 6, the spacing between the center of the first hole of the second threaded hole 7 and the center of the last hole is 342mm, and for the anchor cable fixing beam 1 with the length of 380mm, only 19mm remains on two sides to manufacture the first threaded hole 2. However, this distance is obviously insufficient, firstly, a weak surface exists between the anchor cable fixing beam 1 and the hexagon head bolt 3, the head 10 of the hexagon head bolt 3 needs to be screwed out by 10mm to be leaned against the box 4, and in the invention, in order to ensure that the anchor cable fixing beam 1 and the hexagon head bolt keep good integrity, the hexagon head bolt 3 needs to have enough length in the first threaded hole 2, so that the hexagon head bolt 3 with the screw length of 30mm is selected, the first threaded hole 2 penetrates through the small holes 5 at two ends, in the test, the anchor cable fixing beam 1 is fixed firstly, and the head 10 of the hexagon head bolt 3 is supported between the boxes 4 of the shearing model boxes, and at this time, the hexagon head bolt 3 does not influence the prestressed anchor cable 8 to penetrate through the small holes 5.
The height of the anchor cable fixing beam 1 corresponds to the thickness of each layer of the shearing model box and is smaller than the vertical distance 44mm between two adjacent prestressed anchor cables 8; the anchor line fixing beam 1 needs to have sufficient bending stiffness, i.e., EI, where E is the modulus of the material, i=b (h 3)/12, h is the cross-section height, b is the cross-section width; the width and the height of the anchor rope fixing beam 1 are preferably equal, and the square cross section facilitates the processing of the first threaded hole 2 and the torsion of the anchor rope fixing beam 1; the weak surface exists between the hexagon head bolt 3 and the anchor rope fixing beam 1, the combination degree of the head 10 of the hexagon head bolt 3 and the anchor rope fixing beam 1 can influence the firmness of the anchor rope fixing beam 1 supported in the box body 4, if the length of the anchor rope fixing beam 1 is insufficient, the extended thread length of the hexagon head bolt 3 can be too long, the combination degree of the inner supporting anchoring end and the hexagon head bolt can be weakened, the integral deformation resistance is influenced, and therefore, the anchor rope fixing beam 1 generates excessive deformation in the tensioning process of the stainless steel stranded wires; if the anchor line fixing beam 1 is too long, enough working space is caused which is not available when the anchor line fixing beam 1 is twisted; in summary, the anchor cable fixing beam 1 of the present invention has dimensions of 380 x 30mm long and 30 x 30mm high.
The number of the anchor rope fixing beams 1 is equal to the number of the second threaded holes 7 on the hinge anchor rope frame beams 6; all anchor cable fixing beams 1 are equal in distance from the rear side wall 9, positioning is facilitated, the stretching degree of the pre-stressed anchor cable 8 is facilitated to be mastered, and the pre-stressed anchor cable 8 arranged up and down is facilitated to be deformed in a coordinated manner.
S3, installing a hinge type anchor cable frame beam 6 to strengthen the side slope; the center of the hinging component is provided with a second threaded hole 7, an M5 multiplied by 8 (hole 2 mm) outer hexagonal hollow bolt is connected in the second threaded hole 7, a stainless steel stranded wire penetrates through the outer hexagonal hollow bolt, prestress is applied to one end of the prestress anchor cable 8 extending out of the slope surface through a prestress applying device, and then the prestress anchor cable 8 is fixedly connected with the outer hexagonal hollow bolt;
Selecting materials of the hinge type anchor cable frame beam 6: according to the EI similarity principle and the unit mass of different types of moulds, comprehensively considering that an aluminum plate which is light and has bending rigidity EI which is 100% similar to the EI of a field material is selected as a frame beam simulation material; and because the die is required to realize the hinge function of an assembled structure, compared with other materials, the aluminum plate has lower difficulty in processing the hinge.
The frame beam is 0.6m wide by 0.6m high, the distance between the longitudinal beam 20 and the transverse beam 19 is 3m, and each three 9m frames are a frame unit. With C30 reinforced concrete, the elastic modulus is 30GPa, the bending rigidity EI=3.24e11, the density is 2400kg/m 3, and the weight of the 1m cross beam 19 and the longitudinal beam 20 is 864kg. From the similar bending stiffness EI, model shrinkage 1/70, model material ei=1.35e4, weight m=2.52 g was obtained. The steel bar, square tube and aluminum plate of this time were subjected to comparative analysis, as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 flexural rigidity and Mass calculation analysis Table for different materials and models
From table 2, it can be seen that square tube 6, square steel 1, and aluminum plate 2 can be selected with an error of <10% from the bending stiffness EI-like principle only. When the material quality is considered, adopting square steel to simulate the mass of a 1m frame beam (the model length L=14mm) to be 3.85g and the target mass to be 153%, and embedding the beam into soil under the action of a centrifugal field to reduce the prestress action of an anchor cable; the mass was 1.43g when square tube simulation was used, and it was only 57% of the target mass. The mass of the aluminum plate was 2.44g, which was 97% of the target mass. The hinge of the assembled frame beam is required to be simulated, and the stainless steel pipe, the aluminum alloy rectangular section hollow pipe pile and the aluminum alloy rectangular section thin-wall pipe are inconvenient to grind the arc surface 14 due to the fact that the stainless steel pipe is high in hardness; the hollow tubular pile with the rectangular aluminum alloy section and the thin-wall pipe with the rectangular aluminum alloy section have the advantages that the structures are damaged due to the fact that the pipe walls are thinner, and stress concentration is easy to occur locally due to the fact that the arc surfaces are polished; in addition, for hollow pipe piles and thin-wall pipes, the processed hinge structure can be disassembled under the action of external force due to insufficient embedding and extruding force of the self-tapping screw 13 and the tight end.
Therefore, in this embodiment, aluminum plate 2 is selected as the simulation material for the cross beam 19, the longitudinal beam 20 or the hinge member of the hinge type anchor cable frame beam 6, and the elastic modulus is 70GPa, and the dimensions are 10.7mm wide by 6mm high.
The movable ends of the cross beam 19, the longitudinal beam 20 or the hinging member are drilled by a straight shank twist drill with the diameter of 2.0mm to form a through hole with the diameter of 2.0 mm; the tight ends of the cross beam 19, stringers 20 or hinge members are first drilled with a 1.6mm straight shank twist drill and then tapped with a straight flute tap of M1.8 x 0.35 to form a 1.8mm threaded bore.
As shown in fig. 4 to 6, the hinge members include a two-hinge member (M11, M13, M31, M33), a three-hinge member (M12, M21, M23, M32), a four-hinge member (M22); four corners of the hinged anchor cable frame beam 6 are two hinged members, four edges of the hinged anchor cable frame beam 6 are three hinged members, the middle of the hinged anchor cable frame beam 6 is four hinged members, the coverage area of the hinged anchor cable frame beam 6 can be expanded through the four hinged members, the assembly type function is realized, no matter the members at any position of the hinged anchor cable frame beam 6 are damaged, the hinge type anchor cable frame beam can be replaced through a disassembly structure, and the influence on test results is avoided; taking a four-hinge type member (M22) as an example, the tapping screw 13 is screwed into the tight end of the member M22 from the movable end of the beam 19, and the tapping screw 13 can be fastened in the threaded hole because the size of the threaded hole at the tight end of the M22 is the same as the size of the tapping screw; the size of the through hole at the movable end of the cross beam 19 is larger than the diameter of the self-tapping screw 13, the cross beam 19 can rotate by taking the self-tapping screw 13 as an axis to form a hinge structure of the hinge type anchor cable frame beam 6, and the model of the self-tapping screw 13 is M1.8x10.
As shown in fig. 7, the movable end and the tight end of the crossbeam 19 near the slope are polished to form an arc surface 14, and the L-shaped connecting ends of the crossbeam 19 and the longitudinal beam 20 near the slope are polished to form the arc surface 14, so that the hinge type anchor cable frame beam 6 can adapt to the deformation of the soil slope through the design of the tight end and the movable end at the hinge and the arc surface 14, thereby realizing the flexible support of the structure.
S4, weighing the manufactured shearing model box, calculating a counterweight (balance between a test model and a counterweight static distance), hanging the shearing model box onto a centrifuge basket of a geotechnical centrifuge by using a gantry crane, installing a camera, starting camera shooting software, checking the conditions in the test chamber, ensuring the safety of instruments and personnel in the test process, and starting a centrifuge monitoring device and a data acquisition device.
The test adopts a TLJ-150A geotechnical centrifuge, a voltage type data acquisition channel, a current type data acquisition channel and a strain type data acquisition channel are arranged on a centrifuge data acquisition panel 15, data wires led out by measuring points arranged in a shearing model box are numbered according to signal transmission types (voltage type or current type) of the data wires, the corresponding acquisition channels on the centrifuge data acquisition panel 15 are numbered, a sensor outputting a voltage signal is connected to the voltage data acquisition channel, and a sensor outputting a current signal is connected to the current data acquisition channel; the strain type data acquisition channels are only 16, and are YB01, YB02, YB03, YB04, YB05, YB06, YB07, YB08, YB09, YB10, YB11, YB12, YB13, YB14, YB15 and YB16 respectively; however, the acceleration speed, the soil pressure, the displacement and the axial force can be directly measured, and only characteristic points are needed to be selected for measurement in the test; the strain type data measurement aims at calculating bending moment born by a frame beam, strain gauges are arranged on two sides of the frame beam, the density of arranged measuring points is large, the number of the strain gauges is large, and the number of the strain gauges for actually acquiring data is more than 70, so that the number of strain type data acquisition channels is far from enough for the existing test, and a device capable of increasing the number of the data acquisition channels is arranged.
The invention adopts the data acquisition channel adding device 16, as shown in fig. 8, the channel of the middle part is omitted, the data acquisition channel comprises 16 data line interfaces 17, the strain type data acquisition channel of the centrifuge data acquisition panel 15 is connected with the data line interfaces 17 through shielding lines, each data line interface 17 is respectively connected with a corresponding shielding line interface 18 through 6 conversion channels, the 6 conversion channels are respectively T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, and the opening and closing of each conversion channel are controlled through a radio station; all of the shielded wire interfaces 18 are connected to each strain gage through an 8-core shielded wire, so that more strain data measurements can be made through multiple trials.
The number of the strain gauges 70 for actually acquiring data is 80, each strain gauge is connected with the shielding wires, every 16 shielding wires are in a group, 5 groups are formed, the 1 st group of shielding wires are respectively connected with shielding wire interfaces 18 corresponding to the conversion channels T1 of the 16 data wire interfaces 17, the 2 nd group of shielding wires are respectively connected with shielding wire interfaces 18 corresponding to the conversion channels T2 of the 16 data wire interfaces 17, the 3 rd group of shielding wires are respectively connected with shielding wire interfaces 18 corresponding to the conversion channels T3 of the 16 data wire interfaces 17, the 4 th group of shielding wires are respectively connected with shielding wire interfaces 18 corresponding to the conversion channels T4 of the 16 data wire interfaces 17, and the 5 th group of shielding wires are respectively connected with shielding wire interfaces 18 corresponding to the conversion channels T5 of the 16 data wire interfaces 17; the radio station controls the switching channels T1-T5 to be turned on and turned off, and only controls 1 of the 6 switching channels connected with each data line interface 17 to be turned on in each test, and the data acquisition of 80 strain gauges is completed through 5 tests, wherein all data transmission lines are required to have shielding effect in the test process.
S5, inputting earthquake load and collecting power test data;
The centrifugal vibration table is respectively input with an El-Centro seismic wave, a Taft wave and a simple harmonic acceleration time course, and the first two acceleration time courses are shown in figures 9-10. The El-Centro wave is taken as the first seismic wave successfully recording the whole process data in the world, has representativeness and has great significance for researching the earthquake; the Taft wave is widely applied to domestic and foreign earthquake engineering due to complete record and reliable data; the simple harmonic wave plays a vital role in numerical simulation calculation of the research.
In one test, a plurality of same waveforms or different waveforms can be simulated, but more than 30 seconds are needed between the two waveforms, the earthquake duration of the centrifugal vibration test is 3 seconds, the first test is that a channel T1 is connected through a radio station, a vibrating table is stopped for more than 1 minute after the first vibration is finished, the soil slope is restored to a state before the earthquake, then the same earthquake wave is input, the next channel is switched to perform the test, the acquisition of strain data is completed in sequence, and other sensors acquire the data acquired in the first test.
Measuring the subsidence amount of the top of the soil slope after the test is finished, and observing and recording the damage mode of the soil slope; the system is stopped, various sensors are removed, soil is unloaded in steps, and stainless steel stranded wires and hinge type anchor cable frame beams 6 are removed.
The invention has the technical effects that the method for measuring the dynamic force of the reinforced side slope of the assembled frame beam for simulating the earthquake verifies that:
the existing slope power model device generally adopts the following three modes for anchoring the prestressed anchor cable 8: directly burying the pre-stress anchor cable 8 in soil, burying an aluminum plate in the soil slope, and burying an aluminum block in a proper position in the soil slope; the comparative test with the anchor line fixing beam 1 of the present invention was conducted as follows:
The pre-stress anchor cable 8 is directly buried in the soil body, and the pre-stress anchor cable 8 is small in diameter, so that the tensile capacity of the model soil body is insufficient, the model soil body is easily pulled out, and the pre-stress is difficult to apply; an aluminum plate is embedded in the soil slope, all the pre-stress anchor cables 8 are fixed on the aluminum plate, acting force is slowly applied to the pre-stress anchor cables 8, when the acting force is added to 0.136KN, the phenomenon of 'void' starts to occur between soil and the aluminum plate, so that the form of using the aluminum plate cannot meet the requirement in terms of force, and the shearing effect of the soil slope under the action of earthquake cannot be simulated; embedding aluminum blocks in proper positions in the soil slope, fixedly connecting each pre-stressed anchor cable 8 with the corresponding aluminum block, slowly applying acting force to the pre-stressed anchor cable 8, and when the acting force is applied to 0.003KN, starting to generate a 'void' phenomenon between the soil body and the aluminum block; although this approach can simulate the shearing effect of the soil slope under the action of an earthquake, the aspect of force is far from sufficient; in the invention, when the force is added to 1.242KN, the combination degree of the anchor cable fixing beam 1 and the soil body is good, the phenomenon of 'void' does not occur, and the maximum force can be added to 2.683KN; the method not only meets the requirements in terms of force, but also can well simulate the shearing effect of the soil slope under the action of earthquake.
The hinged anchor cable frame beam reinforcing soil slope power model device has the advantages that:
1. The design of the cross beam 19, the longitudinal beam 20 and the movable end and the tight end of the hinge member can more accurately simulate the flexible support of the reinforcement structure of the prototype hinge type anchor cable frame beam; the conversion size of the hinge structure of the hinge type anchor cable frame beam 6 in the state of 70g is only 14mm, the existing hinge structure is large in size and difficult to directly use, if the hinge structure is too large, the sizes of the cross beam 19 and the longitudinal beam 20 need to be correspondingly reduced in order to meet the overall size, the similarity with the prototype is reduced, and meanwhile the accuracy of measuring bending moment of the cross beam 19 and the longitudinal beam 20 is influenced; the hinge type anchor cable frame beam 6 comprises a plurality of cross beams 19, longitudinal beams 20 and hinge members, wherein the cross beams 19 and the longitudinal beams 20 are mutually vertical, the cross beams 19 and the longitudinal beams 20 are connected through the hinge members, and as the movable end of each cross beam 19 or each longitudinal beam 20 is connected with the tight end of the hinge member through self-tapping screws 13, the tight end of each cross beam 19 or each longitudinal beam 20 is connected with the movable end of the hinge member through self-tapping screws 13; the disassembly is convenient, the damage to the hinge is easy to repair, any hinge is damaged, and the components at the movable end and the tight end and the self-tapping screw 13 are replaced; the hinge parts except the self-tapping screws 13 are all made of the hinge type anchor cable frame beam 6, and have high similarity with the prototype; the near-slope surface ends of the cross beam 19 and the longitudinal beam 20 are provided with the arc surfaces 14, so that the expansion deformation of soil bodies can be well adapted, the flexible supporting characteristic of the anchor cable frame beam is realized, and the stress and strain level of the original hinged anchor cable frame beam for reinforcing the soil slope can be well simulated.
2. The prestress application of the hinge type anchor cable frame beam reinforcing structure can be simulated; in the field, the prestressed anchor cable 8 is generally fixed on bedrock, but because the field researched by the model test has a larger soil slope range, the bedrock is far away from the slope, the bedrock is required to be anchored into the bedrock through a hole of a soft rock structural surface by an anchor head, and because the diameter of the prestressed anchor cable 8 is smaller, if the prestressed anchor cable 8 is fixed on the bedrock, the tensile effect of the prestressed anchor cable 8 on the bedrock in unit area is larger, the requirements on the strength and the integrity of the bedrock are higher, and if the strength of the bedrock is insufficient or the integrity is poor, the tensioning difficulty of the prestressed anchor cable 8 is increased; according to the invention, one end of the pre-stress anchor cable 8 is fixed in the soil slope by adopting the anchor cable fixing beam 1, two ends of the anchor cable fixing beam 1 are supported in the shearing model box by the two hexagon head bolts 3, and under the action of earthquake waves, the anchor cable fixing beam 1 and the box body 4 of the shearing model box are in coordinated deformation, so that the shearing effect and boundary conditions of a semi-infinite soil body under the action of the earthquake can be well simulated.
3. The invention is based on the existing data acquisition system of the centrifuge, and the data acquisition channel adding device 16 is utilized to expand the corresponding data acquisition channel of the modification type, and the data acquisition channel is more stable and reliable in data transmission than wireless transmission and field data acquisition equipment although the test time is increased. The condition of data transmission can be directly watched in a central control room of the centrifugal machine, and the cost is low, so that the method is most suitable for the actual condition of research, is economical and can be recycled, and the economic benefit is greatly increased.
The data transmission is stable and reliable: the centrifuge test is divided into 3 stages, and the centrifuge is started to a stable test stage and is stopped completely after the test is finished. The test time for the 70g centrifugal test and the stabilization test is 30 minutes, the test takes 25 minutes to start to stabilize 70g, 30 minutes to stabilize, and 15 minutes to stop, and the total time is 70 minutes; the high-frequency on-site acquisition equipment with the data storage function is offline, the acquisition equipment is started to acquire before the test starts, the acquisition can be ended after the test is ended and the safety is ensured, and even if the centrifugal machine is not considered for leaving the field and entering the field, the test running for 30 minutes under 70g is completed to acquire the test data for 70 minutes; the channel adding system of the invention uses the radio station to shut down the data acquisition channel and switch different conversion channels, when the centrifuge runs stably, the system starts to acquire data, and when the centrifuge starts to shut down, the system is shut down, thus greatly reducing the invalid data volume; the invention can directly watch the data in the central control room of the centrifugal machine, monitor in real time, acquire accurate data, ensure data storage and prevent data loss.
The cost is low: the development cost of the circuit board of the data acquisition channel adding device 16 and the control method thereof is only 3 ten thousand yuan, and only two months are needed in time; if the number of the data acquisition devices is directly increased according to the prior data acquisition devices, the time required for purchase and installation of manufacturers is half a year to one year, and the cost of increasing 96 channels is 115.2 ten thousand yuan; the high frequency acquisition (5 KHz) and wireless transmission device are too high in cost, and more than 90 ten thousand yuan is needed.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The hinged anchor cable frame beam reinforced soil slope power model device is characterized by comprising a shearing model box, a geotechnical centrifuge and a data acquisition system; the cutting slope model is filled in the shearing model box, the shearing model box is arranged on a centrifuge basket of a geotechnical centrifuge, the data acquisition system comprises a data acquisition channel increasing device (16), a plurality of data line interfaces (17) are arranged on the data acquisition channel increasing device (16), each data line interface (17) is connected with a corresponding strain type data acquisition channel through a shielding line, each data line interface (17) is connected with a corresponding shielding line interface (18) through a plurality of switching channels respectively, the opening and closing of each switching channel are controlled through a radio station, and all the shielding line interfaces (18) are connected with corresponding strain sensors through shielding lines; the cutting slope model is characterized in that a slope surface of the cutting slope model is provided with a hinged anchor rope frame beam (6), the hinged anchor rope frame beam (6) comprises a plurality of cross beams (19), longitudinal beams (20) and hinging members, the cross beams (19) and the longitudinal beams (20) are mutually perpendicular, the cross beams (19) and the longitudinal beams (20) are connected through the hinging members, anchor rope fixing beams (1) which are horizontally placed and parallel to the slope surface are arranged in the cutting slope model, the anchor rope fixing beams (1) are internally supported in a shearing model box, and all hinging members are fixedly connected with the anchor rope fixing beams (1) through prestressed anchor ropes (8);
The two ends of each cross beam (19) and each longitudinal beam (20) are respectively provided with an L-shaped connecting end, and the L-shaped connecting ends are respectively a movable end and a tight end; the hinge part of each hinge component is provided with an L-shaped connecting end, the L-shaped connecting end of the hinge component is provided with a movable end and a tight end, the movable ends of the cross beam (19), the longitudinal beam (20) and the hinge component are provided with through holes, the cross beam (19), the longitudinal beam (20) and the tight end of the hinge component are provided with threaded holes, the aperture of the threaded holes is smaller than that of the through holes, the movable ends of each cross beam (19) and the longitudinal beam (20) are connected with the tight end of the hinge component through self-tapping screws (13), and the tight ends of each cross beam (19) and the longitudinal beam (20) are connected with the movable end of the hinge component through self-tapping screws (13); the near slope surface ends of the cross beam (19) and the longitudinal beam (20) are provided with arc surfaces (14);
The two ends of the anchor rope fixed beam (1) are provided with first threaded holes (2) with opposite threaded directions, hexagon head bolts (3) are respectively arranged in the first threaded holes (2), the anchor rope fixed beam (1) is internally supported in the shearing model box through the two hexagon head bolts (3), one end of the prestressed anchor rope (8) is anchored on the anchor rope fixed beam (1), the other end of the prestressed anchor rope (8) penetrates out of the center of the hinging member, and the prestressed anchor rope is fixedly connected with the hinging member after being applied.
2. The hinged anchor cable frame beam reinforcement soil slope power model device according to claim 1, wherein a second threaded hole (7) is formed in the center of the hinged member, an outer hexagonal hollow bolt is installed in the second threaded hole (7), a pre-stressed anchor cable (8) is made of a stainless steel stranded wire, an organic glass tube with the inner wall coated with a lubricant is sleeved outside the stainless steel stranded wire, a plurality of small holes (5) are uniformly formed in the anchor cable fixing beam (1), one end of the stainless steel stranded wire penetrates through the small holes (5) and is fixedly connected with the anchor cable fixing beam (1) through an anchor cable fixing ring (12), the other end of the stainless steel stranded wire penetrates out of the outer hexagonal hollow bolt, and the pre-stressed anchor cable is fixedly connected with the outer hexagonal hollow bolt.
3. The dynamic model device for reinforcing the soil slope by the hinged anchor cable frame beam according to claim 1, wherein an acceleration sensor, a displacement sensor, a shaft force sensor and a dynamic soil pressure sensor are arranged at corresponding measuring points of the cutting slope model, a voltage type data acquisition channel and a current type data acquisition channel are further arranged on a centrifuge data acquisition panel (15) of the geotechnical centrifuge, the voltage type data acquisition channel is connected with the voltage type sensor, and the current type data acquisition channel is connected with the current type sensor.
4. The hinged anchor cable frame beam reinforcement soil slope power model device according to claim 2, wherein the height of the anchor cable fixing beam (1) corresponds to each layer of the shearing model box and is smaller than the vertical distance between two adjacent prestressed anchor cables (8), and the width and the height of the anchor cable fixing beam (1) are equal.
5. The hinged anchor cable frame beam soil slope reinforcement power model device according to claim 2, wherein the anchor cable fixing beam (1) rotates for one circle, and the distance of the hexagonal head bolt (3) moving along the axial direction of the anchor cable fixing beam (1) is the same as the tooth distance of the hexagonal head bolt (3).
6. The hinged anchor cable frame beam reinforced soil slope power model device according to claim 2, wherein the cross beams (19), the longitudinal beams (20) or the hinged members are all made of aluminum plates with the width of 10.7mm and the height of 6 mm.
7. A test method for a hinged anchor cable frame beam reinforced soil slope power model device, which is characterized by adopting the hinged anchor cable frame beam reinforced soil slope power model device according to any one of claims 1-6, and specifically comprising the following steps:
S1, determining a similarity ratio based on a similarity theory, and determining the geometric dimension of a slope model, a slope material and the maximum test acceleration of a geotechnical centrifuge;
S2, filling a cutting slope model in a layered manner in the shearing model box; when the cut slope is filled to a preset position, a corresponding sensor is buried; when a cutting side slope is filled to a pre-buried position of a pre-stressed anchor cable (8), a groove parallel to the slope is dug at a proper distance from a rear side wall (9) of the cutting side slope, an anchor cable fixing beam (1) is placed in the groove and is internally supported between the box bodies (4) of the shearing model box, one end of the pre-stressed anchor cable (8) is connected with the anchor cable fixing beam (1), and the other end of the pre-stressed anchor cable (8) extends out of the slope;
S3, installing a hinged anchor cable frame beam (6) to strengthen the side slope; the prestress anchor cable (8) passes through the center of the hinging member, prestress is applied to one end of the prestress anchor cable (8) extending out of the hinging member through the prestress applying device, and then the prestress anchor cable (8) is fixedly connected with the hinging member;
s4, weighing the manufactured shearing model box, calculating a counterweight, hanging the shearing model box on a centrifuge basket of a geotechnical centrifuge, installing a camera, starting camera shooting software, checking the condition in a laboratory, and starting centrifuge monitoring equipment and data acquisition equipment after ensuring safety;
S5, inputting earthquake load and collecting power test data.
8. The test method of the hinged anchor rope frame beam soil slope reinforcement dynamic model device according to claim 7, wherein in the step S2, the width of the groove is the length of the diagonal line of the cross section of the anchor rope fixing beam (1), the depth of the groove is the distance from the bottom of the anchor rope fixing beam (1) to the center of the small hole (5), the anchor rope fixing beam (1) is uniformly provided with a plurality of small holes (5), the positions of the small holes (5) are in one-to-one correspondence with the prestressed anchor ropes (8), and the central elevation of the small holes (5) is consistent with the center of the hinging member of the hinged anchor rope frame beam (6).
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