CN110501743B - Sandstone thickness contour map compilation method based on reservoir configuration constraint - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sandstone thickness contour map compiling method constrained by a reservoir structure, which comprises the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps: reservoir configuration unit partitioning, comprising: 1) predicting a reservoir configuration interface; 2) reservoir configuration interface classification; 3) reservoir configuration interface combination; step two: the sandstone thickness contour map in the reservoir configuration unit is compiled, and the method comprises the following steps: 1) preparing data; 2) the sandstone thickness interpolation of the well point is restrained by seismic attributes; step three: sandstone thickness contour map generation, comprising: 1) analyzing the developmental stages of adjacent configurational units; 2) and overlapping contour maps of the sand body thickness. The method takes the configuration unit as a mapping unit, introduces information such as the structural relationship and the like in the underground reservoir, can effectively reflect the real spreading condition of the sandstone thickness, breaks through the limitation that the traditional sandstone thickness contour map can only reflect the thickness between the enveloping surfaces of the sandstone reservoir, and can effectively guide the fine reservoir quality evaluation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of clastic rock oil reservoir development, in particular to a sandstone thickness contour map compiling method constrained by reservoir configuration.
Background
River and delta facies reservoirs are important types of oil and gas reservoirs, and the geological reserves of the oil which is contained in the reservoirs account for 79 percent of the total geological reserves of clastic rocks which have been explored and put into development in China. In the sedimentary evolution process of the reservoir, sand bodies with different periods and different microphases are eroded and superposed in space, so that the structural relationship inside the reservoir is complex and changeable, and the migration of oil, gas and water is hindered. As the degree of development of oil fields has increased year by year, geologists have come to recognize that reservoir formation is an important part of developing geological research.
In recent years, reservoir configuration research has been advancing. The old oil field in the east of China represented by Daqing and Shengli utilizes the dense well pattern data, combines certain seismic data and production dynamic data, develops the grading division and boundary identification of the configuration units, establishes a gradually refined configuration analysis method, and obtains good application effect in oil field development.
However, reservoir quality evaluation studies based on reservoir configuration are still significantly weaker. As one of the achievement carriers of reservoir quality evaluation, the contour map of the current reservoir parameters, particularly the contour map of sandstone thickness, is still compiled by taking an oil (sand) group, a small layer or a single sand body as a unit. The nature of the sandstone thickness contour map is the comprehensive reflection of the thickness between the top and bottom enveloping surfaces of the sandstone reservoir, is the planar distribution characteristic of the sandstone thickness in a certain geological period, and cannot reflect the combination relationship and the superposition pattern between different configuration units in the reservoir. Therefore, the current sandstone thickness contour map is difficult to effectively guide fine reservoir quality evaluation.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems, the invention aims to provide a sandstone thickness contour map compiling method constrained by a reservoir structure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a sandstone thickness contour map compiling method for reservoir configuration constraint comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: reservoir configuration unit partitioning, comprising: 1) predicting a reservoir configuration interface; 2) reservoir configuration interface classification; 3) reservoir configuration interface combination;
step two: the sandstone thickness contour map in the reservoir configuration unit is compiled, and the method comprises the following steps: 1) preparing data; 2) the sandstone thickness interpolation of the well point is restrained by seismic attributes;
step three: sandstone thickness contour map generation, comprising: 1) analyzing the developmental stages of adjacent configurational units; 2) and overlapping contour maps of the sand body thickness.
Preferably, the sandstone thickness contour map compiling method comprises the following specific steps of: extracting sensitive seismic attributes capable of reflecting discontinuity of a reservoir plane in a research horizon range by using pure wave seismic data, wherein the position with abnormal attribute values is the position of reservoir configuration interface development;
the specific process of the reservoir configuration interface classification is as follows: according to the reservoir configuration interface prediction result, the reservoir configuration interface is divided into a pinch-out type, a contact type and a cut-and-fold type by combining the response characteristics of the reservoir on the seismic section;
the specific process of the reservoir configuration interface combination is as follows: combining the geometrical forms of the reservoir configuration units, combining the adjacent reservoir configuration interfaces, and realizing the division of the reservoir configuration units.
Preferably, the sensitive seismic attribute comprises a curvature body or an ant body.
Preferably, the pinch-out type is characterized in that sand bodies are inlaid in mudstone in an isolated manner, the thickness of the sand bodies is gradually thinned and pinched out, and adjacent sand bodies are not contacted with each other;
the contact type is characterized in that two adjacent sand bodies are in lateral contact, the edge parts are overlapped, but the sand bodies are not connected;
the cutting and stacking type sand body is characterized in that two adjacent sand bodies are stacked laterally, the thickness of the sand bodies is increased, the seismic response is enhanced, and the cutting and stacking type sand body is a result of erosion and stacking of late-stage sand bodies on early-stage sand bodies.
The sandstone thickness contour map compiling method preferably comprises the following geometrical morphology of common river and delta phase configuration units: the point dams of the meandering stream are mostly in a nearly circular shape or a nearly elliptical shape due to later river channel transformation, and a plurality of point dams are arranged along the river channel spreading direction; the cardiac beach of the braided river is mostly in a diamond shape or a spindle shape and is clamped between the braided river channels; the diversion river channels of the delta are distributed in a strip shape along the water flow direction; the estuary dams of the delta are in a potato shape or an oval shape and are distributed in front of or on two sides of the tail end of the underwater diversion river channel.
Preferably, the sandstone thickness contour map compiling method comprises the following specific data preparation processes: two types of data are required for the formation of sandstone thickness contour maps within reservoir configuration units, including sandstone thickness at well points and seismic attributes reflecting sandstone thickness: a) the sandstone thickness at the well point is obtained by lithology of well logging interpretation; b) the seismic attributes reflecting the sandstone thickness are amplitude-class attributes.
The sandstone thickness contour map compiling method is preferably characterized in that wells in the boundary range of the cut-and-stack reservoir structure are formed by stacking multiple stages of sand bodies, the sandstone thickness at the well point is split vertically according to the period of the sand bodies, the splitting is carried out according to the condition that a natural gamma GR or a natural potential SP curve returns obviously to a mudstone base line, and the returning amplitude is more than or equal to 50%.
Preferably, the sandstone thickness contour map compiling method comprises the following specific process of sandstone thickness interpolation of the seismic attribute constraint well point: firstly, taking a certain reservoir configuration unit as a unit, and importing coordinates of well points in the range, sandstone thickness and seismic attributes reflecting the sandstone thickness into a Petrel E & P Software Platform 2017 Software Platform; secondly, using the make surface function under the software platform stratigraphic module to take the seismic attribute reflecting the sandstone thickness as constraint and using the well point sandstone thickness to carry out interpolation to generate a sand body thickness contour map in the reservoir layer configuration unit; and thirdly, repeating the steps of the first step and the second step to generate a sand thickness contour map in other reservoir configuration units.
Preferably, the sandstone thickness contour map compiling method comprises the following specific process of analyzing the development period times of adjacent reservoir configuration units: and determining the development period of the adjacent reservoir configuration units by taking the flooding mudstone at the top of the short-term or ultra-short-term gyrating as an isochronous interface and utilizing the height difference between different reservoir configuration units and the isochronous interface and combining the indication effect of seismic data on the period of the reservoir configuration units.
The sandstone thickness contour map compiling method preferably comprises the following specific process of superposition of the sandstone thickness contour maps: and overlapping the sandstone thickness contour maps in different reservoir configuration units according to the development stages of the adjacent reservoir configuration units, wherein the early reservoir configuration unit is arranged below and the late reservoir configuration unit is arranged above, and generating the sandstone thickness contour map constrained by the reservoir configuration.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: the method takes the configuration unit as a mapping unit, introduces information such as the structural relationship and the like in the underground reservoir, can effectively reflect the real spreading condition of the sandstone thickness, breaks through the limitation that the traditional sandstone thickness contour map can only reflect the thickness between the enveloping surfaces of the sandstone reservoir, and can effectively guide the fine reservoir quality evaluation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of sensitive seismic attributes extracted in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a seismic response profile of a pinch-out configuration interface in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a seismic response profile of a contact-type configuration interface in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a seismic response profile of a cut and stack configuration interface in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a floorplan of a reservoir configuration interface in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cell profile of a reservoir configuration in an embodiment of the invention;
figure 8 is a schematic illustration of sandstone thickness splits at a well point within the boundary range of a cut-and-stack reservoir configuration in an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 9 is a sandstone thickness contour map of a reservoir configuration unit 4 in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph of developmental order relationships for reservoir configuration units 2 and 4 in an embodiment of the invention;
figure 11 is a sandstone thickness contour plot constrained by the reservoir configuration in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the objects, features and advantages of the invention can be more clearly understood. It should be understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but are merely intended to illustrate the spirit of the technical solution of the present invention.
The sand body A of the Q oil field of the Bohai sea in the east China is taken as an example for further explanation, and the sand body A of the Q oil field is the sediment of the meandering river.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for making a sandstone thickness contour map constrained by a reservoir configuration according to the embodiment includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: reservoir configuration unit division:
1) predicting a reservoir configuration interface: and (3) extracting curvature body attributes between the top seismic layer and the bottom seismic layer of the A sand body by using pure wave seismic data of the Q oil field, wherein the positions with abnormal curvature are the positions of the development of a reservoir configuration interface (as shown in figure 2).
2) Classifying a rough layer configuration interface: according to the reservoir configuration interface prediction result, the formation interface is divided into a pinch-out type, a contact type and a cut-and-fold type by combining the response characteristics of the reservoir on the seismic section.
As shown in fig. 3, the pinch-out type is characterized in that sand bodies are inlaid in mudstone in isolation, the thickness of the sand bodies is gradually thinned and pinched out, and adjacent sand bodies are not in contact with each other; as shown in fig. 4, the contact type is characterized in that two adjacent sand bodies are in lateral contact and are overlapped at the edge part, but the sand bodies are not connected; as shown in fig. 5, the cut-and-stack type is characterized by lateral stacking of two adjacent sand bodies, increased sand body thickness, and enhanced seismic response, as a result of stacking of late sand bodies against early sand body erosion.
Wherein, from pinch-out type to contact type to cutting and folding type, the sand body overlapping degree gradually increases. The sand bodies on two sides of the pinch-out type interface and the contact type interface are not overlapped and are shown as a line on a plane; the sand bodies on two sides of the cutting and stacking type interface are mutually overlapped, the interface is essentially a strip, and two lines which are approximately parallel are shown on a plane.
And classifying the configuration interfaces of the sand body A of the Q oil field according to the prediction results of the reservoir configuration interfaces and by combining the seismic response characteristics of the interfaces with different types, wherein the types and the distribution are shown in figure 6.
3) Reservoir configuration interface combination: and combining adjacent reservoir configuration interfaces according to the geometric form of the reservoir configuration unit to realize reservoir configuration unit division.
Among the common geometries of river and delta phase reservoir formation units are: the (composite) point dams of the meandering stream are mostly in a shape of a nearly circular or a nearly elliptical shape due to later-stage river channel transformation, and are arranged along the river channel spreading direction; the cardiac beach of the braided river is mostly in a diamond shape or a spindle shape and is clamped between the braided river channels; the (underwater) diversion river channels of the delta are distributed in a strip shape along the water flow direction; the estuary dams of the delta are in a potato shape and an oval shape and are distributed in front of or on two sides of the tail end of the underwater diversion river channel.
In this embodiment, the sand body a of the Q oil field is deposited in a meandering stream phase, and according to the characteristic that the (composite) point dam is in a nearly circular or nearly elliptical shape, the adjacent reservoir configuration interfaces are combined to obtain 9 reservoir configuration units of the sand body a, and the outer and inner boundaries of the cut-and-stack reservoir configuration interfaces are respectively represented by solid lines and dotted lines (as shown in fig. 7).
Step two: and (3) compiling a sandstone thickness contour map in a reservoir configuration unit:
1) preparing data: two types of data are required for the formation of sandstone thickness contour maps within reservoir configuration units, including sandstone thickness at well points and seismic attributes reflecting sandstone thickness:
a) the sandstone thickness at the well site is obtained by well logging the interpreted lithology. For wells in the boundary range of the cut-and-stack reservoir structure, because the wells are formed by stacking multi-stage sand bodies, the well point thickness is split vertically according to the sand body period, the splitting is based on that a natural gamma GR or a natural potential SP curve returns obviously to a mudstone base line, and the return amplitude is more than or equal to 50%. As shown in fig. 8, the reservoir configuration unit 1 and the reservoir configuration unit 4 of the sand body a are in contact with each other by a cut-and-overlap interface, the well a5 is located in the range of the cut-and-overlap interface, and the well is split into an upper phase and a lower phase by using the return characteristic of the natural gamma GR curve, wherein the upper sand body is 6 meters thick and located in the range of the reservoir configuration unit 4, and the lower sand body is 9 meters thick and located in the range of the reservoir configuration unit 1.
b) The seismic attributes reflecting the sandstone thickness generally adopt amplitude attributes, and the embodiment extracts root mean square amplitude attributes between the top and bottom layers of the sand body A.
2) Sand thickness interpolation of seismic attribute constrained well points: the method comprises the steps of taking a reservoir configuration unit 4 as a unit, and importing coordinates of well points in the range, sand body thickness and seismic attributes reflecting the sand body thickness into a Petrel E & P Software Platform. For a5 well within the scope of the cut-and-stack interface, a sand thickness of 6 meters within the scope of the reservoir formation unit after vertical splitting was used. Secondly, using the make surface function under the software platform stratigraphic module to take the seismic attribute reflecting the sandstone thickness as constraint and using the well point sandstone thickness to carry out interpolation to generate a sandstone thickness contour map (as shown in figure 9) of the reservoir configuration unit 4. And thirdly, repeating the steps of the first step and the second step to generate a sand thickness contour map in other reservoir configuration units.
Step three: and (3) sandstone thickness contour map generation:
1) analyzing the development stages of adjacent reservoir configuration units: and determining the development period of the adjacent reservoir configuration units by taking the flooding mudstone at the top of the short-term or ultra-short-term gyrating as an isochronous interface and utilizing the height difference between different reservoir configuration units and the isochronous interface and combining the indication effect of seismic data on the period of the reservoir configuration units.
Taking the reservoir configuration unit 2 and the reservoir configuration unit 4 as examples, a set of stable short-term gyroid flooding mudstone develops on the sand body A and can be used as an isochronous interface. The distance from the reservoir configuration unit 4 to the isochronous interface is similar to that of the reservoir configuration unit 2, and it is difficult to distinguish the early-late relationship of the development, but the reservoir configuration unit 4 is stacked on the reservoir configuration unit 2, and accordingly, it can be judged that the development time of the reservoir configuration unit 4 is later than that of the reservoir configuration unit 2 (as shown in fig. 10).
2) And (3) overlapping sandstone thickness contour maps: and overlapping the sandstone thickness contour maps of different reservoir configuration units according to the development stages of the reservoir configuration units, wherein the early reservoir configuration unit is arranged below and the late reservoir configuration unit is arranged above, and generating a sand thickness contour map constrained by the reservoir configuration.
Taking the reservoir configuration unit 2 and the reservoir configuration unit 4 as an example, the development time of the reservoir configuration unit 4 is later than that of the reservoir configuration unit 2, so that the sandstone thickness contour map of the reservoir configuration unit 2 is placed below the reservoir configuration unit 4, and the sandstone thickness contour maps of other reservoir configuration units are overlapped according to the development times to generate a sandstone thickness contour map constrained by the reservoir configuration (as shown in fig. 11).
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention, and the structure, connection mode, manufacturing process, etc. of the components may be changed, and all equivalent changes and modifications performed on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention should not be excluded from the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A sandstone thickness contour map compiling method for reservoir configuration constraint is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: reservoir configuration unit partitioning, comprising: 1) predicting a reservoir configuration interface; 2) reservoir configuration interface classification; 3) reservoir configuration interface combination;
step two: the sandstone thickness contour map in the reservoir configuration unit is compiled, and the method comprises the following steps: 1) preparing data; 2) the sandstone thickness interpolation of the well point is restrained by seismic attributes;
the specific process of data preparation is as follows: two types of data are required for the formation of sandstone thickness contour maps within reservoir configuration units, including sandstone thickness at well points and seismic attributes reflecting sandstone thickness: a) the sandstone thickness at the well point is obtained by lithology of well logging interpretation; b) the seismic attribute reflecting the thickness of the sandstone adopts an amplitude attribute;
for wells in the boundary range of the cut-and-stack reservoir structure, because multi-phase sand bodies are stacked, the sandstone thickness at the well point is split vertically according to the period of the sand bodies, the splitting is based on that a natural gamma GR or natural potential SP curve returns obviously to a mudstone base line, and the return amplitude is more than or equal to 50 percent;
the specific process of sandstone thickness interpolation of the seismic attribute constraint well point comprises the following steps: firstly, taking a certain reservoir configuration unit as a unit, and importing coordinates of well points in the range, sandstone thickness and seismic attributes reflecting the sandstone thickness into a Petrele & P Software Platform 2017 Software Platform; secondly, using the make surface function under the software platform stratigraphic module to take the seismic attribute reflecting the sandstone thickness as constraint and using the well point sandstone thickness to carry out interpolation to generate a sand body thickness contour map in the reservoir layer configuration unit; thirdly, repeating the first step and the second step to generate a sand thickness contour map in other reservoir configuration units;
step three: sandstone thickness contour map generation, comprising: 1) analyzing the developmental stages of adjacent configurational units; 2) and overlapping contour maps of the sand body thickness.
2. The sandstone thickness contour map compilation method of claim 1, wherein the concrete process of reservoir configuration interface prediction is as follows: extracting sensitive seismic attributes capable of reflecting discontinuity of a reservoir plane in a research horizon range by using pure wave seismic data, wherein the position with abnormal attribute values is the position of reservoir configuration interface development;
the specific process of the reservoir configuration interface classification is as follows: according to the reservoir configuration interface prediction result, the reservoir configuration interface is divided into a pinch-out type, a contact type and a cut-and-fold type by combining the response characteristics of the reservoir on the seismic section;
the specific process of the reservoir configuration interface combination is as follows: combining the geometrical forms of the reservoir configuration units, combining the adjacent reservoir configuration interfaces, and realizing the division of the reservoir configuration units.
3. The sandstone thickness contour mapping method of claim 2, wherein the sensitive seismic attributes comprise curvature or ant bodies.
4. The sandstone thickness contour map compilation method of claim 2, wherein the pinch-out type is characterized in that sand bodies are inlaid in mudstone in isolation, the thickness of the sand bodies is gradually thinned and pinched out, and adjacent sand bodies are not in contact with each other;
the contact type is characterized in that two adjacent sand bodies are in lateral contact, the edge parts are overlapped, but the sand bodies are not connected;
the cutting and stacking type sand body is characterized in that two adjacent sand bodies are stacked laterally, the thickness of the sand bodies is increased, the seismic response is enhanced, and the cutting and stacking type sand body is a result of erosion and stacking of late-stage sand bodies on early-stage sand bodies.
5. The sandstone thickness contour mapping method of claim 2, wherein the geometry of common river and delta phase configuration units comprises: the point dams of the meandering stream are mostly in a nearly circular shape or a nearly elliptical shape due to later river channel transformation, and a plurality of point dams are arranged along the river channel spreading direction; the cardiac beach of the braided river is mostly in a diamond shape or a spindle shape and is clamped between the braided river channels; the diversion river channels of the delta are distributed in a strip shape along the water flow direction; the estuary dams of the delta are in a potato shape or an oval shape and are distributed in front of or on two sides of the tail end of the underwater diversion river channel.
6. The sandstone thickness contour map compilation method of claim 1, wherein the specific process of analyzing the developmental stages of adjacent reservoir configuration units is as follows: and determining the development period of the adjacent reservoir configuration units by taking the flooding mudstone at the top of the short-term or ultra-short-term gyrating as an isochronous interface and utilizing the height difference between different reservoir configuration units and the isochronous interface and combining the indication effect of seismic data on the period of the reservoir configuration units.
7. The sandstone thickness contour map compilation method of claim 6, wherein the specific process of overlaying the sand body thickness contour map is as follows: and overlapping the sandstone thickness contour maps in different reservoir configuration units according to the development stages of the adjacent reservoir configuration units, wherein the early reservoir configuration unit is arranged below and the late reservoir configuration unit is arranged above, and generating the sandstone thickness contour map constrained by the reservoir configuration.
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