CN110498558B - Electroplating pretreatment wastewater treatment process - Google Patents
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- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C02F1/24—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flotation
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
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- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
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- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
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- C02F2103/16—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from metallurgical processes, i.e. from the production, refining or treatment of metals, e.g. galvanic wastes
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- C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
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Abstract
The invention discloses a treatment process of electroplating pretreatment wastewater. The treatment process of the electroplating pretreatment wastewater comprises the steps of insoluble impurity removal, coagulating sedimentation, flocculating sedimentation again and ultrafiltration; according to the electroplating pretreatment wastewater treatment process disclosed by the invention, firstly, insoluble impurities are removed, so that the influence on the coagulating sedimentation and flocculating sedimentation processes is avoided, the purification efficiency of the electroplating pretreatment wastewater can be effectively improved, the cost is saved, and the energy consumption is reduced; the combined coagulant is selected, can simultaneously carry out complete coagulative precipitation on various metal ions in an alkaline environment, can also carry out coagulative precipitation on organic pollutants of pulmonary edema before electroplating, and has high purification efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electroplating wastewater treatment, and particularly relates to a wastewater treatment process before electroplating.
Background
The development of electroplating industry, the output of electroplating wastewater is increased sharply, the electroplating wastewater generally comprises electroplating pretreatment wastewater, cyanide-containing electroplating wastewater, chromium-containing electroplating wastewater, antimony-containing electroplating wastewater and the like, and the types and the compositions of pollutants such as inorganic pollutants, metal pollutants, organic pollutants and the like in different types of electroplating wastewater are different. The generation and discharge of a large amount of electroplating wastewater seriously pollutes the environment and even threatens the living conditions and the body health of human beings.
At present, chemical precipitation, electrolysis, adsorption, ion exchange, oxidative decomposition, microbial decomposition, electrochemical methods and the like are often adopted for treating the electroplating wastewater in the industry, wherein the electrochemical methods have the disadvantages of high cost, high energy consumption, unsuitability for large-area popularization, complex treatment method, difficult operation and incapability of comprehensively treating the electroplating wastewater due to slight improper treatment, are easy to cause secondary pollution, destroy the environment and the like.
Therefore, the treatment research of the electroplating wastewater can achieve the discharge reaching the standard, and has important social, economic, humanistic and environmental significance.
Chinese patent CN104291493B discloses an electroplating wastewater treatment method, which comprises the following steps: collecting general electroplating wastewater, cyanide-containing electroplating wastewater and chromium-containing electroplating wastewater; respectively carrying out flocculation treatment and precipitation treatment on the common electroplating wastewater, carrying out solid-liquid separation, and then carrying out adsorption and reverse osmosis treatment on supernatant liquor; carrying out cyanogen breaking treatment on the cyanogen-containing electroplating wastewater to obtain pretreated cyanogen-containing electroplating wastewater, and introducing the pretreated cyanogen-containing electroplating wastewater into general electroplating wastewater to obtain comprehensive electroplating wastewater; treating the comprehensive electroplating wastewater according to the general electroplating wastewater; performing chromium removal treatment on the chromium-containing electroplating wastewater to obtain pretreated chromium-containing electroplating wastewater; the chromium-containing electroplating wastewater is treated according to the common electroplating wastewater. However, the treatment of the general electroplating wastewater in the invention is incomplete, and secondary pollution is easy to cause.
Chinese patent CN105523663B discloses a treatment process of electroplating wastewater, which comprises the following steps: step 1: collecting chromium-containing electroplating wastewater and cyanogen-containing electroplating wastewater; step 2: reducing chromic acid in the chromium-containing electroplating wastewater by virtue of cyanide in the cyanide-containing electroplating wastewater to obtain comprehensive electroplating wastewater; and step 3: adding an alkaline solution into the comprehensive electroplating wastewater, and adjusting the pH value of the comprehensive electroplating wastewater to 7-8 to obtain a primary precipitate; and 4, step 4: filtering the primary precipitate to obtain a supernatant; and 5: adding a ferrous salt solution and hydrogen peroxide into the supernatant to respectively react and remove the residual chromic acid and cyanide; step 6: adding the alkaline solution again, and adjusting the pH value of the supernatant to 9-10 to obtain a secondary precipitate; and 7: and removing the secondary precipitate. However, in the method, the treatment of the organic pollutants is not comprehensive enough, and the purification efficiency of the electroplating wastewater cannot be effectively improved.
Chinese patent CN105645632B discloses a recycling process of electroplating wastewater, which comprises the following steps: (1) advanced treatment pretreatment of electroplating wastewater; (2) carrying out advanced treatment and subsequent treatment on the discharged water; (3) filtering the treated wastewater by filter paper; (4) pumping the wastewater into a reverse osmosis device; (5) and (6) detecting. The wastewater recycling process can ensure the water quality requirement of the inlet water of the reverse osmosis equipment, the quality of the recycled water is stable, the normal operation of the reverse osmosis equipment can be ensured, the reverse osmosis can be normally used and operated for 10 months, even more than one year, and the wastewater on the high-pressure side can be discharged after reaching the standard.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a treatment process for electroplating pretreatment wastewater, and solves the problems of complex process, high cost investment, low purification efficiency and easy secondary pollution existing in the prior treatment process for electroplating pretreatment wastewater.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a treatment process of electroplating pretreatment wastewater comprises the following steps:
s10, naturally settling the electroplating pretreatment wastewater to be treated for 20-24 h, primarily filtering, removing impurities again by air floatation of the electroplating pretreatment wastewater after primary filtering, and removing insoluble impurities in the electroplating pretreatment wastewater;
s20, adjusting the pH value of the electroplating pretreatment wastewater without insoluble impurities in the S10 to 8.65-9.25, adding alkali, stirring at the speed of 45-65 rpm for 15-20 min, then adding a coagulant, performing coagulation and sedimentation for 3.5-6.5 h, and filtering;
s30, adding a flocculating agent into the electroplating pretreatment wastewater filtered in the S20, stirring for 15-20 min at the speed of 25-45 rpm, flocculating and settling for 4-5 h, and filtering again;
and S40, adjusting the pH value of the electroplating pretreatment wastewater re-filtered in the S30 to 7.25-8.05, adjusting the pH value to 7.35 after passing through a facultative tank and an anaerobic tank, adding a flocculating agent with the same amount as that of S30 again, stirring at the speed of 25-30 rpm for 20-25 min, performing flocculation precipitation again, and finally performing ultrafiltration on the electroplating pretreatment wastewater obtained by filtering and discharging.
Further, in S10, the air flotation time is 8min to 16 min.
Further, in S,20, the alkali is NaOH and Ca (OH)2According to the mass ratio of 0.5: 0.8 to 1.
Further, in S20, the coagulant is a combination of any two of aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride, magnesium carbonate, polymeric ferric sulfate and liquid polymeric aluminum chloride.
Furthermore, in S20, the ratio of the addition amount of the coagulant to the wastewater before the electroplating is 10 kg-20 kg: 200kg to 300 kg.
Further, in S30, the flocculant is an aqueous solution of polyacrylamide with high relative molecular weight with the mass fraction of 3.5% -6.5%.
Furthermore, in S30, the ratio of the addition amount of the flocculating agent to the wastewater before the electroplating is 3 kg-8 kg: 100kg to 150 kg.
Further, in S40, the pH regulator is citric acid solution with a mass fraction of 15% -20%.
Furthermore, in S40, the aperture of the ultrafiltration membrane is 0.20-0.60 μm and the ultrafiltration pressure is 0.08-0.12 MPa in the ultrafiltration process.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. according to the electroplating pretreatment wastewater treatment process disclosed by the invention, firstly, insoluble impurities are removed, so that the influence on the coagulating sedimentation and flocculating sedimentation processes is avoided, the purification efficiency of the electroplating pretreatment wastewater can be effectively improved, the cost is saved, and the energy consumption is reduced;
2. the electroplating pretreatment wastewater treatment process disclosed by the invention selects the combined coagulant, can simultaneously and completely coagulate and precipitate various metal ions in an alkaline environment, can also coagulate and precipitate organic pollutants of pulmonary edema before electroplating, and has high purification efficiency;
3. the electroplating pretreatment wastewater treatment process disclosed by the invention is used for carrying out ultrafiltration treatment on the electroplating pretreatment wastewater subjected to flocculation precipitation again, further separating pollutants such as scattered fine particles, metals and the like in the electroplating pretreatment wastewater, further improving the purification efficiency, enabling the electroplating pretreatment wastewater to be discharged up to the standard, avoiding secondary pollution and being recyclable.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention is described in further detail below.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
Example 1
Electroplating pretreatment wastewater treatment process
The method comprises the following steps:
s10, naturally settling the electroplating pretreatment wastewater to be treated for 20h, primarily filtering, removing impurities, carrying out air floatation on the electroplating pretreatment wastewater after primary filtering for 8min, and then removing insoluble impurities in the electroplating pretreatment wastewater;
s20, adjusting the pH value of the electroplating pretreatment wastewater from S10 without insoluble impurities to 8.65, adding alkali, stirring at 45rpm for 15min, adding a coagulant, performing coagulation and sedimentation for 3.5h, and filtering;
in the above operation, the alkali is NaOH and Ca (OH)2According to the mass ratio of 0.5: 0.8; the coagulant is the combination of aluminum sulfate and liquid polyaluminium chloride, and the mass ratio is 1: 2; the proportion of the addition amount of the coagulant to the wastewater before electroplating is 10kg: 200 kg.
S30, adding a flocculating agent into the electroplating pretreatment wastewater filtered in the S20, stirring for 15min at the speed of 25rpm, flocculating and settling for 4h, and filtering again;
in the operation, the flocculating agent is an aqueous solution of high relative molecular weight polyacrylamide with the mass fraction of 3.5%; the ratio of the addition amount of the flocculating agent to the electroplating pretreatment wastewater is 3 kg: 100 kg.
S40, adjusting the pH value of the electroplating pretreatment wastewater re-filtered in the S30 to 7.25, adjusting the pH value to 7.35 by using a citric acid solution with the mass fraction of 15% after passing through a facultative tank and an anaerobic tank, adding a flocculating agent with the same amount as that of S30 again, stirring at the speed of 25rpm for 20min, performing flocculation precipitation again, and finally performing ultrafiltration on the electroplating pretreatment wastewater obtained by filtering and discharging.
In the above operation, the pore diameter of the ultrafiltration membrane is 0.20 μm and the ultrafiltration pressure is 0.08MPa in the ultrafiltration process.
Example 2
Electroplating pretreatment wastewater treatment process
The method comprises the following steps:
s10, naturally settling the electroplating pretreatment wastewater to be treated for 24h, primarily filtering, removing impurities, carrying out air floatation on the electroplating pretreatment wastewater after primary filtering for 16min, and then removing insoluble impurities in the electroplating pretreatment wastewater;
s20, adjusting the pH value of the electroplating pretreatment wastewater from S10 without insoluble impurities to 9.25, adding alkali, stirring at the speed of 65rpm for 20min, then adding a coagulant, performing coagulation and sedimentation for 6.5h, and filtering;
in the above operation, the alkali is NaOH and Ca (OH)2According to the mass ratio of 0.5: 1, preparing a composition; the coagulant is the combination of any two of aluminum sulfate, ferric trichloride, magnesium carbonate, polymeric ferric sulfate and liquid polymeric aluminum chloride; addition amount of coagulant and wastewater before electroplatingThe proportion is 20 kg: 300 kg.
S30, adding a flocculating agent into the electroplating pretreatment wastewater filtered in the S20, stirring at the speed of 45rpm for 20min, flocculating and settling for 5h, and filtering again;
in the operation, the flocculating agent is an aqueous solution of high relative molecular weight polyacrylamide with the mass fraction of 6.5%; the ratio of the addition amount of the flocculating agent to the electroplating pretreatment wastewater is 8 kg: 150 kg.
S40, adjusting the pH value of the electroplating pretreatment wastewater re-filtered in the S30 to 8.05, adjusting the pH value to 7.35 by using a citric acid solution with the mass fraction of 20% after passing through a facultative tank and an anaerobic tank, adding the flocculating agent with the same amount as the S30 again, stirring at the speed of 30rpm for 25min, performing flocculation precipitation again, and finally performing ultrafiltration on the electroplating pretreatment wastewater obtained by filtering and discharging.
In the above operation, the pore diameter of the ultrafiltration membrane is 0.60 μm and the ultrafiltration pressure is 0.12MPa in the ultrafiltration process.
Example 3
Electroplating pretreatment wastewater treatment process
The method comprises the following steps:
s10, naturally settling the electroplating pretreatment wastewater to be treated for 21h, primarily filtering, removing impurities, carrying out air floatation on the electroplating pretreatment wastewater after primary filtering for 10min, and then removing insoluble impurities in the electroplating pretreatment wastewater;
s20, adjusting the pH value of the electroplating pretreatment wastewater without insoluble impurities in the S10 to 8.76, adding alkali, stirring at the speed of 50rpm for 16min, then adding a coagulant, performing coagulation and sedimentation for 4.0h, and filtering;
in the above operation, the alkali is NaOH and Ca (OH)2According to the mass ratio of 0.5: 1, preparing a composition; the coagulant is the combination of ferric trichloride and liquid polyaluminium chloride, and the mass ratio is 1: 0.5; the proportion of the addition amount of the coagulant to the wastewater before electroplating is 12 kg: 280 kg.
S30, adding a flocculating agent into the electroplating pretreatment wastewater filtered in the S20, stirring at the speed of 30rpm for 16min, flocculating and settling for 4.6h, and filtering again;
in the operation, the flocculating agent is an aqueous solution of high relative molecular weight polyacrylamide with the mass fraction of 4.0%; the ratio of the addition amount of the flocculating agent to the electroplating pretreatment wastewater is 4 kg: 140 kg.
S40, adjusting the pH value of the electroplating pretreatment wastewater re-filtered in the S30 to 7.38, adjusting the pH value to 7.35 by using a citric acid solution with the mass fraction of 16% after passing through a facultative tank and an anaerobic tank, adding a flocculating agent with the same amount as that of S30 again, stirring at 26rpm for 22min, performing flocculation precipitation again, and finally performing ultrafiltration on the electroplating pretreatment wastewater obtained by filtering and discharging.
In the above operation, the pore diameter of the ultrafiltration membrane is 0.30 μm and the ultrafiltration pressure is 0.09MPa in the ultrafiltration process.
Example 4
Electroplating pretreatment wastewater treatment process
The method comprises the following steps:
s10, naturally settling the electroplating pretreatment wastewater to be treated for 23h, primarily filtering, removing impurities, carrying out air floatation on the electroplating pretreatment wastewater after primary filtering for 14min, and then removing insoluble impurities in the electroplating pretreatment wastewater;
s20, adjusting the pH value of the electroplating pretreatment wastewater without insoluble impurities in the S10 to 9.12, adding alkali, stirring at the speed of 60rpm for 16min, then adding a coagulant, performing coagulation and sedimentation for 6.0h, and filtering;
in the above operation, the alkali is NaOH and Ca (OH)2According to the mass ratio of 0.5: 0.8; the coagulant is the combination of aluminum sulfate and polymeric ferric sulfate, and the mass ratio is 1: 2; the proportion of the addition amount of the coagulant to the wastewater before electroplating is 18 kg: 220 kg.
S30, adding a flocculating agent into the electroplating pretreatment wastewater filtered in the S20, stirring at the speed of 40rpm for 16min, flocculating and settling for 4.2h, and filtering again;
in the operation, the flocculating agent is an aqueous solution of high relative molecular weight polyacrylamide with the mass fraction of 6.0%; the ratio of the addition amount of the flocculating agent to the electroplating pretreatment wastewater is 7 kg: 120 kg.
S40, adjusting the pH value of the electroplating pretreatment wastewater re-filtered in the S30 to 7.98, adjusting the pH value to 7.35 by using a citric acid solution with the mass fraction of 17% after passing through a facultative tank and an anaerobic tank, adding a flocculating agent with the same amount as that of S30 again, stirring at the speed of 27rpm for 23min, performing flocculation precipitation again, and finally performing ultrafiltration on the electroplating pretreatment wastewater obtained by filtering and discharging.
In the above operation, the pore diameter of the ultrafiltration membrane is 0.50 μm and the ultrafiltration pressure is 0.11MPa in the ultrafiltration process.
Example 5
Electroplating pretreatment wastewater treatment process
The method comprises the following steps:
s10, naturally settling the electroplating pretreatment wastewater to be treated for 22h, primarily filtering, removing impurities, carrying out air floatation on the electroplating pretreatment wastewater after primary filtering for 12min, then removing impurities again, and removing insoluble impurities in the electroplating pretreatment wastewater;
s20, adjusting the pH value of the electroplating pretreatment wastewater without insoluble impurities in the S10 to 8.82, adding alkali, stirring at the speed of 55rpm for 18min, then adding a coagulant, performing coagulation and sedimentation for 5.5h, and filtering;
in the above operation, the alkali is NaOH and Ca (OH)2According to the mass ratio of 0.5: 0.9; the coagulant is the combination of magnesium carbonate and polymeric ferric sulfate, and the mass ratio is 2: 1; the proportion of the addition amount of the coagulant to the wastewater before electroplating is 15 kg: 250 kg.
S30, adding a flocculating agent into the electroplating pretreatment wastewater filtered in the S20, stirring at the speed of 35rpm for 17min, flocculating and settling for 4.5h, and filtering again;
in the operation, the flocculating agent is an aqueous solution of high relative molecular weight polyacrylamide with the mass fraction of 5.5%; the ratio of the addition amount of the flocculating agent to the electroplating pretreatment wastewater is 5 kg: 130 kg.
S40, adjusting the pH value of the electroplating pretreatment wastewater re-filtered in the S30 to 7.71, adjusting the pH value to 7.35 by using a citric acid solution with the mass fraction of 16% after passing through a facultative tank and an anaerobic tank, adding a flocculating agent with the same amount as that of S30 again, stirring at the speed of 25rpm for 20min, performing flocculation precipitation again, and finally performing ultrafiltration on the electroplating pretreatment wastewater obtained by filtering and discharging.
In the above operation, the pore diameter of the ultrafiltration membrane is 0.40 μm and the ultrafiltration pressure is 0.10MPa in the ultrafiltration process.
Examples of the experiments
The wastewater discharged by the wastewater treatment process before electroplating according to the embodiments 1 to 5 of the present invention is tested according to the electroplating wastewater discharge standard "electroplating pollutant discharge standard" (GB21900-2008), and the statistics of the measurement results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 measurement of wastewater discharged from the treatment of wastewater before electroplating according to examples 1 to 5 of the present invention
As can be seen from the results in Table 1, the wastewater discharged by the wastewater treatment process before electroplating in the embodiments 1 to 5 of the invention has very low pollutant content and high purification efficiency, and meets the discharge Standard of electroplating pollutants (GB 21900-2008).
The above description is only a preferred embodiment and an experimental example of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The treatment process of the wastewater before electroplating is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s10, naturally settling the electroplating pretreatment wastewater to be treated for 20-24 h, primarily filtering, removing impurities again by air floatation of the electroplating pretreatment wastewater after primary filtering, and removing insoluble impurities in the electroplating pretreatment wastewater;
s20, adjusting the pH value of the electroplating pretreatment wastewater without insoluble impurities in the S10 to 8.65-9.25, adding alkali, stirring at the speed of 45-65 rpm for 15-20 min, then adding a coagulant, performing coagulation and sedimentation for 3.5-6.5 h, and filtering;
s30, adding a flocculating agent into the electroplating pretreatment wastewater filtered in the S20, stirring for 15-20 min at the speed of 25-45 rpm, flocculating and settling for 4-5 h, and filtering again;
s40, adjusting the pH value of the electroplating pretreatment wastewater re-filtered in the S30 to 7.25-8.05, adjusting the pH value to 7.35 after passing through a facultative tank and an anaerobic tank, adding a flocculating agent with the same amount as that of S30 again, stirring at the speed of 25-30 rpm for 20-25 min, performing flocculation precipitation again, and finally performing ultrafiltration on the electroplating pretreatment wastewater obtained by filtering and discharging;
in S20, the alkali is NaOH and Ca (OH)2According to the mass ratio of 0.5: 0.8 to 1; in S20, the coagulant is the combination of any two of aluminum sulfate, ferric trichloride, magnesium carbonate, polymeric ferric sulfate and liquid polymeric aluminum chloride; in S30, the flocculant is a water solution of polyacrylamide with high relative molecular weight with the mass fraction of 3.5-6.5%; in S40, the pH regulator is citric acid solution with mass fraction of 15-20%.
2. The wastewater treatment process before electroplating according to claim 1, wherein in S10, the air flotation time is 8-16 min.
3. The process according to claim 1, wherein in S20, the ratio of the coagulant addition amount to the wastewater before electroplating is 10 kg-20 kg: 200kg to 300 kg.
4. The wastewater treatment process before electroplating according to claim 1, wherein in S30, the ratio of the addition amount of the flocculant to the wastewater before electroplating is 3 kg-8 kg: 100kg to 150 kg.
5. The wastewater treatment process before electroplating according to claim 1, wherein in the step S40, the aperture of the ultrafiltration membrane is 0.20-0.60 μm, and the ultrafiltration pressure is 0.08-0.12 MPa.
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| SU1010021A1 (en) * | 1981-07-10 | 1983-04-07 | Институт Химии И Химической Технологии Ан Литсср | Method for purifying effluents from electroplating production |
| US6346197B1 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2002-02-12 | Mckay Creek Technologies Ltd. | Water and wastewater treatment system and process for contaminant removal |
| CN101993167A (en) * | 2009-08-28 | 2011-03-30 | 李雁北 | Industrial waste water treatment method |
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| CN107840544B (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2020-04-24 | 重庆精创联合环保工程有限公司 | Electroplating wastewater treatment method |
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