CN110486365B - Unilateral bolt fastener and method thereof - Google Patents
Unilateral bolt fastener and method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110486365B CN110486365B CN201910713030.XA CN201910713030A CN110486365B CN 110486365 B CN110486365 B CN 110486365B CN 201910713030 A CN201910713030 A CN 201910713030A CN 110486365 B CN110486365 B CN 110486365B
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- gasket
- bolt
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- connected piece
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 73
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000001624 hip Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 244000208734 Pisonia aculeata Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B27/00—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for
- B25B27/14—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for for assembling objects other than by press fit or detaching same
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B23/00—Specially shaped nuts or heads of bolts or screws for rotations by a tool
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B23/00—Specially shaped nuts or heads of bolts or screws for rotations by a tool
- F16B23/0084—Specially shaped nuts or heads of bolts or screws for rotations by a tool with a threaded engagement between the head of the bolt or screw and the tool
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B43/00—Washers or equivalent devices; Other devices for supporting bolt-heads or nuts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
- F16B5/02—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread
- F16B5/025—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread specially designed to compensate for misalignement or to eliminate unwanted play
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Gasket Seals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a unilateral bolt fastener, which comprises a bolt, and also comprises an integrated gasket and a nut which can be sleeved on the bolt; one end of the bolt, which is far away from the head part, is provided with a connecting part which is matched with the mounting tool; the head and the rod of the bolt can pass through the hole of the connected piece along the axis, the dimension of the widest position of the outer contour of the integrated gasket is larger than the radial dimension or the minimum dimension of the hole of the connected piece, and at least one gesture of the gasket can pass through the hole of the connected piece; the fastener has the advantages of simple structure, convenient assembly, low cost and high cost performance, and can be suitable for the conditions that one side of a connected piece is not easy to touch, such as an inclined plane, a spherical surface, a conical surface, an arc surface and the like, and can be suitable for the single-side assembly and single-side locking of the condition that the connected hole is a round hole and the connected hole is a non-round hole such as an ellipse, a long waist and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of assembly, and particularly relates to the technical field of bolt fastening in the assembly technology.
Background
The prior fastening piece applied in the assembly process mostly needs to clamp a bolt at one side and screw a nut at the other side to realize locking, but for special occasions, such as a space which is not easily accessed or is closed at one side, the simultaneous operation of two sides cannot be realized, the use of the bolt is limited at the moment, and the problem that the welding or other modes sometimes cause the problem or the problem, such as inconvenient construction, long period, high cost, easy cracking of welding lines when vibration is serious, and the like, is changed. Therefore, some single-side bolts at home and abroad are generated, but the defects such as complex structure, high cost and lack of cost performance are also caused; or the assembly process is too complicated and even the assembly sometimes fails, etc., resulting in difficulty in popularization. For example, a unilateral bolt fastener with an authorized bulletin number of CN100482959C adopts two half-ring nuts as limiting parts of the bolt in a difficult-to-reach area, and the half-ring nuts are connected by a short shaft. During installation, the two half-ring nuts are separated into an S shape and hung on the installation tool in a shape like a Chinese character 'ji', and the S-shaped nut becomes long and narrow so that the S-shaped nut can enter into one side which is not easy to touch by the connected piece along with the bolt through the connecting hole, then under the action of gravity, the two half-ring nuts are closed to form a nut clamped between the head of the bolt and the connected piece, and the external pulling tool, the head of the bolt and the locking nut are fastened. The scheme is applied to the action of gravity, is troublesome to assemble, and is easy to cause the problem that the half-ring nuts slide down and fall into a closed area; the production process is complex and the cost is high; the method is also not applicable to the case that one side of the connected object which is not easy to touch is an inclined plane, a spherical surface, a conical surface or an arc surface; because of principle and structure limitation, the contact area between the split nut and the connected piece is limited, if the connected piece is not hard or brittle, the bearing capacity cannot be too large, otherwise, the connected piece is easy to crush, crush or damage or connection failure; the disassembly is more troublesome and even impossible, and the problem that the half ring nut is easy to drop and cannot be taken out exists; the present invention is not applicable to non-circular holes such as oval holes and elongated waists.
The split type gasket is divided into a plurality of parts, and all gaskets are connected into a whole through external rubber rings, so that the split type gasket can automatically recover after being stressed, deformed and contracted and removed by utilizing the characteristic that the split type gasket can automatically recover after being deformed through a relatively narrow connecting piece mounting hole, and the split type gasket of the fastener can normally recover under the action of the elastic force of the rubber rings after reaching the other side of the connecting piece, thereby realizing the installation of the fastener on the single side of the connected piece. However, the structure is still complex to assemble, and in the process of deformation and self-recovery of the gasket, the assembly efficiency and even the assembly failure are easily affected by the influence of gravity and the uneven elasticity of the rubber ring; the method is also not applicable to the case that the other side of the fastened object is an inclined plane, a spherical surface, a conical surface or an arc surface; also because of principle and structure limitation, the contact area between the split nut and the connected piece is limited, if the connected piece is not hard or brittle, the bearing capacity cannot be too large, otherwise, the connected piece is easy to crush, crush or damage or connection failure; the split gasket is also possible to fall off and cannot be taken out during disassembly; the present invention is not applicable to non-circular holes such as oval holes and elongated waists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a bolt fastener that can be assembled from one side and tightened from that side.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the above purpose, the single-sided bolt fastener of the invention comprises a bolt, and also comprises an integrated gasket and a nut which can be sleeved on the bolt; one end of the bolt, which is far away from the head part, is provided with a connecting part which is matched with the installation tool.
Further, the head and the rod of the bolt can pass through the hole of the connected piece along the axis, the dimension of the widest position of the outer contour of the gasket is larger than the radial dimension or the minimum dimension of the hole of the connected piece, so that at least one position of the gasket can not be separated from the hole of the connected piece after the gasket is attached to the connected piece, and at least one gesture of the gasket can pass through the hole of the connected piece.
Further, the head of the bolt is flanged and the hole of the integrated washer can pass through the shank of the bolt but cannot pass through the flanged head of the bolt.
Optionally, the outer contour of the gasket is round, strip-shaped, rectangular, kidney-shaped or oval.
Optionally, the connecting portion of the end of the bolt far away from the head is an internal threaded hole or an external threaded section smaller than the diameter of the bolt shaft.
Optionally, the gasket is a single gasket or a pair of gaskets;
the pair of shims includes a first shim and a second shim; the gasket holes on the first gasket and the second gasket are sleeved on the rod part of the bolt together, a first groove and a second groove are respectively formed in one side, close to each other, of the first gasket and the second gasket, and the first groove and the second groove can be clamped with each other.
Optionally, a rotation stopping structure is arranged between the gasket and the bolt, the gasket is abutted against the head of the bolt, the rotation stopping structure can be coupled, and the gasket and the bolt form a synchronous coupling piece in the coupling state of the rotation stopping structure.
Optionally, at least one dismounting hole or auxiliary notch is arranged on one side of the gasket.
Optionally, at least one boss is disposed on one side of the pad.
Optionally, the gasket has an inclined slot on one surface of the gasket hole, the inclined slot is also on the other surface of the gasket hole, the inclined slot is also in communication with the gasket hole, and the two inclined slots can be sleeved on a straight rod together.
Optionally, the rod part of the bolt is also sleeved with one or more of a sleeve, a flat pad and a spring pad.
Optionally, a first U-shaped groove and a second U-shaped groove are respectively arranged on two sides of the gasket; the first U-shaped groove is communicated with the surface on one side of the gasket hole, the second U-shaped groove is communicated with the surface on the other side of the gasket hole, and the two U-shaped grooves can be sleeved on a straight rod together.
The tool for fastening the bolt comprises an installation tool, wherein the installation tool sequentially comprises a handle part, a rod part, a conical transition part and a connecting tail end along the length direction; the thick end of the cone transition part is connected with the connecting tail end, the diameter of the thick end of the cone transition part is the same as that of the rod part of the bolt, and the rod part is in a shape like a Chinese character 'ji' or is in a linear shape; the connecting tail end of the mounting tool is a connecting structure matched with the bolt connecting part; the connecting tail end is of a threaded structure; the thread structure of the connecting tail end is in threaded fit with the threaded hole at the bolt connecting part.
Further, the detachable tool comprises a detachable handle part, a detachable rod part and a detachable connecting part in sequence, wherein the detachable connecting part is hinged with the detachable rod part; the disassembly connecting part is a connecting structure matched with the disassembly hole on the gasket, the disassembly connecting part is a threaded connecting structure, and the disassembly connecting part is a threaded connecting structure and is in threaded fit with the disassembly hole on the gasket.
The installation method of the bolt fastener comprises the following specific steps:
Preparing two to-be-fastened connected bodies, aligning and overlapping mounting holes on the two to-be-fastened connected bodies, wherein the two aligned and overlapped mounting holes form a to-be-connected piece hole, and in the state, one side of the to-be-connected piece hole is a side which is easy to touch by a person, and the other side of the to-be-connected piece hole is a side which is difficult to touch by the person;
The nut is sleeved on the rod part of the installation tool, the gasket is sleeved on the rod part of the installation tool in a specific posture, the gasket can pass through the hole of the connected piece in the specific posture, meanwhile, the connecting tail end of the installation tool is connected to the connecting part of one end of the bolt far away from the head part, then the operator holds the installation tool on one side which is easy to access by the operator, the head part and the rod part of the bolt pass through the hole of the connected piece along the axis, and the gasket also passes through the hole of the connected piece along with the bolt, so that the bolt and the gasket reach one side which is difficult to access by the operator from one side which is easy to access by the operator;
Then the mounting tool is pulled back, the mounting tool is moved aside when necessary under the guidance of the conical transition part, an auxiliary tool is used, a gasket hole on the gasket is sleeved on the rod part of the bolt, at the moment, the gasket hole on the gasket coincides with the hole of the connected piece, and the gasket cannot pass through the hole of the connected piece after being attached to one side which is not easy to touch by the connected piece because the dimension of the widest position of the outer contour of the gasket is larger than the radial dimension or the minimum dimension of the hole of the connected piece;
tightening the nut on the rod part of the bolt, so that two to-be-fastened and connected bodies are fastened and connected between the gasket and the nut;
and finally, separating the connecting end of the installation tool from the connecting part of the end, far away from the head, of the bolt, so as to complete the whole installation step.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention has simple structure, convenient assembly, low cost and high cost performance, and can be suitable for the conditions that one side of a connected piece which is not easy to touch is an inclined plane, a spherical surface, a conical surface, an arc surface and the like, and can be suitable for the conditions that the connected hole is circular, and also suitable for the conditions that the connected hole is a non-circular hole such as an ellipse, a long waist and the like. In addition, the invention has another beneficial effect that the length of the gasket can be long as the space of the difficult-to-touch side is enough, so that the contact area of the difficult-to-touch side connected piece and the gasket is large, thereby avoiding the connected piece from being crushed or crushed to protect the connected piece or improving the bearing capacity.
Drawings
Fig. 1 to 3 are schematic structural views of a fastener and an installation tool according to the present invention when one side of a connected member is a circular tube and the other side is a flat plate, wherein:
figure 1 is a schematic view of an installation process,
Figure 2 is a schematic view of the structure after installation,
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a gasket structure for the case when the face of the connected member contacting the gasket is in a circular tube shape;
Fig. 4 to 6 are schematic structural views of two kinds of installation tools and an installation auxiliary tool in the present invention, wherein:
figure 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the installation tool 71 with a "table" shaped stem,
Figure 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the installation tool 72 with the stem in line,
Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of the setting aid lever 11,
Fig. 7 to 9 are schematic structural views of the fastener and the installation tool according to the present invention when two sides of the to-be-connected member are flat plates and 2 pads are used, wherein:
Figure 7 is a schematic view of the installation process,
Figure 8 is a schematic view of the structure after installation,
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a gasket structure when a double gasket is used, in which the surface of the connected member to be in contact with the gasket is flat.
FIGS. 10-12 are schematic views of a fastener and installation tool of the present invention for use with a washer having a U-shaped channel on both sides of a member to be connected; wherein:
figure 10 is a schematic view of the installation process,
Figure 11 is a schematic view of the structure after installation,
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a gasket structure with a U-shaped groove, which is used when the surface of the connected member contacting with the gasket is flat.
FIGS. 13-17 are schematic views of the fastener, installation tool and removal tool of the present invention for installation and removal of a beveled channel steel on one side and a flat plate on one side of a member to be joined, using beveled shims; wherein:
figure 13 is a schematic view of an installation,
Figure 14 is a schematic view of the disassembly step 1,
Figure 15 is a schematic view of the disassembly step 2,
Figure 16 is a schematic view with the schematic view broken away,
Fig. 17 is a schematic view of a beveled gasket construction for the case where the surface of the attached member contacting the gasket is beveled.
FIG. 18 is a schematic view of a removal tool according to the present invention;
FIGS. 19 to 21 are schematic views showing a structure of a fastener and an installation tool according to the present invention when both sides of a member to be connected are flat; wherein:
figure 19 is a schematic view of an installation process,
Figure 20 is a schematic view of the structure after installation,
Fig. 21 is a schematic view showing a gasket having a relatively simple structure, which is used when the surface of the to-be-connected member contacting the gasket is flat.
FIGS. 22-23 are schematic views of a fastener and a mounting tool according to the present invention for use with a plate-like structure on both sides of a member to be connected; wherein:
Figure 22 is a schematic view of an installation process,
Fig. 23 is a schematic view of a gasket structure with slots on both sides, for the case where the face of the connected member contacting the gasket is flat.
FIGS. 24-26 are schematic views of a fastener and installation tool of the present invention for use with a circular tube on one side and a flat plate on the other side of a connected component; wherein:
Figure 24 is a schematic view of an installation process,
Figure 25 is a schematic view of the structure after installation,
Fig. 26 is a schematic view of a gasket structure for a case where the face of the connected member to be in contact with the gasket is in a circular tube shape.
FIG. 27 is a schematic view of the installation of the attached holes in the form of kidney-shaped holes;
fig. 28 is a schematic structural view after the completion of the attachment when the attached hole is a kidney-shaped hole.
The figure indicates:
1-bolt, 1 a-bolt flange, 1 b-bolt stem, 1 c-bolt tail, 1 d-bolt and connection part adapted to the installation tool, 1 e-stop opening between the bolt and the gasket;
21-a gasket used when the surface of the hard-to-touch side of the connected piece is a round tube shape, 21 a-a gasket side surface jointed with the hard-to-touch surface of the round tube shape, 21 b-a stop protrusion between the gasket and the bolt; 21 c-a disassembly hole on the gasket or a poking hole for rotating the gasket;
22-a gasket used for the side which is not easy to be touched by a connecting piece is a flat plate shape, when 2 gaskets are adopted, 22a is a surface of one side of a central hole of the gasket, and 22b is a surface of the other side of the central hole of the gasket; 22 c-a clamping groove on the gasket; 22 d-a poking hole used for enabling the gasket to rotate is formed in the gasket;
23-a gasket used for the side which is not easy to touch of a connected piece is a flat plate-shaped gasket when a gasket with a U-shaped groove is adopted, 23 a-a surface of the gasket on the side of a central hole, and 23 b-a U-shaped groove on the gasket; 23 c-a U-shaped groove on the other side of the gasket; 23 d-the other side of the central hole of the gasket;
24-a gasket used when the surface of the hard-to-touch side of the connected piece is an inclined surface, 24 a-a surface of the gasket contacted with the hard-to-touch surface of the connected piece, 24 b-a dismounting hole of the gasket;
25-a spacer for use when the surface of the non-accessible side of the connected component is a planar surface;
26-a spacer for use when the side of the member to be connected which is not easily accessible is a flat plate-like surface; 26 a-slots on the gasket; 26 b-a slot on the other side of the shim;
27-a gasket used when the surface of the hard-to-touch side of the connected piece is a circular tube shape, 27 a-a gasket side surface jointed with the circular tube shape hard-to-touch surface, 27 b-a gasket upper boss; 27 c-a poking hole on the gasket for rotating the gasket;
3-a sleeve;
4-flat pad;
5-a nut;
6, spring pad;
7 a-a threaded head of an installation tool 71 or an installation tool 72; 7 b-a transition of the mounting tool 71 or the mounting tool 72; 7 c-a handle of the installation tool 71 or the installation tool 72; 7 d-a "several" shaped shank for the installation tool 71; 7e—an installation tool 72 stem;
81-is a connected piece with a circular tube-shaped surface which is positioned on one side and is not easy to touch;
82-is a connected piece with a flat plate-shaped connected surface on the side which is not easy to touch;
83-is a connected piece with an inclined surface on the side which is not easy to touch, and is a channel steel;
9-the connected surface on the easy-to-touch side is a flat plate-shaped connected piece;
10-a dismounting tool, 10 a-a screw with a pin shaft hole on the dismounting tool, 10 b-a pin shaft on the dismounting tool, and 10 c-a rod part with the pin shaft hole on the dismounting tool and a handle.
11-A deflector rod.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Mounting background:
preparing two to-be-fastened connected bodies, aligning and overlapping mounting holes on the two to-be-fastened bodies with each other, wherein the two aligned and overlapped mounting holes form a to-be-fastened piece hole S1, and in the state, one side of the to-be-fastened piece hole S1 is a side which is easy to touch by manpower due to the limitation of various special conditions, and the other side of the to-be-fastened piece hole S1 is a side which is difficult to touch by manpower; specific application scenarios are set forth in specific various embodiments;
the concrete structure of the fastener is introduced:
a single-sided bolt fastener as shown in figures 1 to 26 comprising a bolt 1, and further comprising a washer and nut 5 which can be slipped over the bolt 1; one end of the bolt 1 far away from the head part is provided with a connecting part matched with the installation tool, and the connecting part of the embodiment is a threaded hole;
The head of the bolt 1 of this embodiment is flanged, the hole of the integrated washer being able to pass through the shank of the bolt but not the flanged head of the bolt; the head and the rod of the bolt 1 can pass through the hole S1 of the connected piece along the axis, the dimension of the widest position of the outer contour of the gasket is larger than the radial dimension of the hole S1 of the connected piece or the dimension of the narrowest position in the hole, and at least one gesture of the gasket can pass through the hole S1 of the connected piece; the gasket can have various shapes according to the shape of the connected hole or the shape of the difficult-to-touch side of the connected piece, and the outer contour of the gasket in the embodiment is in a strip shape, a rectangle, a waist shape, an ellipse or other shapes; if the axial direction of the spacer hole is up and down, the dimension of the spacer in the left-right direction is smaller than the maximum dimension of the connected hole so that the spacer can pass through the connected hole, and the dimension of the spacer in the front-rear direction is larger than the minimum dimension of the connected hole so that the spacer is blocked after the tail of the bolt 1 sleeved with the spacer passes through the connected hole S1 so that the head of the bolt 1 cannot pass through the connected hole S1.
The gasket of the implementation is a single gasket or a pair of gaskets; the shape of one of the two side surfaces of the gasket is matched with the shape of the side which is not easy to touch by the man-made of the connected piece, and the shape is a plane, a sphere, an inclined plane, a conical surface, an arc surface or other shapes matched with the shape of the side which is not easy to touch by the connected piece; the shape of the other surface of the two side surfaces of the hole on the gasket is matched with the shape of the head of the bolt contacted with the other surface, and the shape is a plane, a sphere, an inclined surface, a conical surface, an arc surface or other shapes matched with the shape of the side surface of the head of the bolt;
The pair of shims includes a first shim and a second shim; the gasket holes on the first gasket and the second gasket are sleeved on the rod part of the bolt 1 together, a first groove and a second groove are respectively formed in one side, close to each other, of the first gasket and the second gasket, and the first groove and the second groove can be clamped with each other; the holes of the two gaskets are coaxially formed into a common through hole after clamping, and the side surfaces of the two sides of the through hole are respectively bonded with the head of the bolt and the connected surface of the hard-to-touch side of the connected piece and are matched with each other in shape; therefore, the contact area between the gasket and the head of the bolt and the contact area between the gasket and the surface to be connected can be increased, and the bearing capacity of the fastener is improved.
A rotation stopping structure is arranged between the gasket and the bolt 1, the gasket is tightly abutted against the head of the bolt 1, the rotation stopping mechanism can be coupled, in the coupling state of the rotation stopping mechanism, the gasket and the bolt 1 form a synchronous coupling piece, and after the rotation stopping mechanism is coupled, the gasket can rotate together with the rotation of the bolt 1 and cannot slide relatively; therefore, under the condition that the surface which is not easy to touch is an inclined surface or other shapes, the gasket can be driven to rotate together by rotating the bolt 1, so that the gasket is easier and tighter to attach to the surface to be connected, and the assembly efficiency and quality under the working condition are improved; specific anti-rotation structures are described by way of example in the following examples.
One side of the gasket is provided with at least one disassembly hole or auxiliary notch; after the gasket enters the side which is not easy to touch by the connecting piece, the gasket can be rotated by an auxiliary tool to be attached to the side which is not easy to touch by the connecting piece; the gasket, the fastener and the recycling can be disassembled through the installation tool.
One side of the gasket is provided with at least one boss; the boss can extend into the connected hole to reduce the shaking of the bolt 1;
The gasket is provided with an inclined slot communicated with the central hole on one surface of the gasket hole, and is also provided with an inclined slot communicated with the central hole on the other surface of the gasket hole, and the two inclined slots can be sleeved on a straight rod together; the beneficial effect of doing so is, the pole portion of mounting tool can be in the form of straight-bar, does not have "several" font structure, and the gasket is direct to be overlapped on the installation pole, and the installation is easier.
A first U-shaped groove and a second U-shaped groove are respectively arranged on two sides of the gasket; the first U-shaped groove is communicated with one side surface of the gasket hole, and the second U-shaped groove is communicated with the other side surface of the gasket center hole; the first U-shaped groove and the second U-shaped groove can be sleeved on a straight rod together. The mounting tool has the beneficial effects that the mounting tool can be in a straight rod form and has no 'several' -shaped structure, and the gasket is directly sleeved on the mounting rod, so that the mounting is easier.
The rod part of the bolt 1 is also sleeved with one or more of a sleeve, a flat pad and a spring pad; the inner diameter of the sleeve is slightly larger than the diameter of the rod part of the bolt 1 and smaller than the maximum outline dimension of the head part of the bolt 1; the sleeve is sleeved on the bolt 1 if the case may be, and fills a gap between the bolt 1 and the wall of the connected hole; the sleeve plays and avoids bolt 1 to rock, improves the shear force resistance of fastener simultaneously, and the bullet fills up and adjusts sleeve and by inconsistent problem of connecting piece total connection thickness size, avoids the noise that the sleeve produced because of the vibration.
The tool also comprises an installation tool, wherein the installation tool sequentially comprises a handle 7c, a rod part, a conical transition part 7b and a connecting tail end 7a along the length direction; the thick end of the cone transition part 7b is connected with the connecting tail end 7a, the thick end of the cone transition part 7b has the same diameter as the rod part of the bolt 1, and the rod part is in a shape like a Chinese character 'ji' or is linear; the connecting tail end of the mounting tool is a connecting structure matched with the bolt connecting part; the connecting tail end 7a is of a threaded structure; the thread structure of the connecting end 7a is in threaded engagement with the threaded hole at the bolt connection.
The detachable connecting device comprises a detachable handle part 10c, a detachable rod part and a detachable connecting part 10a, wherein the detachable handle part is connected with the detachable rod part in a hinged manner; the disassembly connecting part is a connecting structure matched with a disassembly hole on the gasket, the disassembly connecting part is of a threaded connection structure, and the disassembly connecting part is of a threaded connection structure and is in threaded fit with the disassembly hole on the gasket.
The fastener installation method of the scheme is as follows:
Preparing two to-be-fastened connected bodies, aligning and overlapping mounting holes on the two to-be-fastened connected bodies, wherein the two aligned and overlapped mounting holes form a to-be-connected piece hole S1, and in the state, one side of the to-be-connected piece hole S1 is a side which is easy to touch by manpower, and the other side of the to-be-connected piece hole S1 is a side which is difficult to touch by manpower;
Then, the nut 5 is sleeved on the rod part of the installation tool, the gasket is sleeved on the rod part of the installation tool in a specific posture, the gasket can pass through the hole S1 of the connected piece in the specific posture, meanwhile, the connecting end of the installation tool is connected to the connecting part of one end of the bolt 1 far away from the head part, then an operator holds the installation tool on one side which is easy to reach by hand, the head part and the rod part of the bolt 1 pass through the hole S1 of the connected piece along the axis, and the gasket also passes through the hole S1 of the connected piece along with the bolt 1, so that the bolt 1 and the gasket reach one side which is difficult to reach by hand from one side which is easy to reach by hand;
then the mounting tool is pulled back, under the guidance of the conical transition part, the mounting tool is moved aside and an auxiliary tool is used when necessary, so that a gasket hole on the gasket is sleeved on the rod part of the bolt 1, at the moment, the gasket hole on the gasket and the connected piece hole S1 are in a superposition state, and the dimension of the widest position of the outer contour of the gasket is larger than the radial dimension of the connected piece hole S1, so that the posture of the gasket cannot pass through the connected piece hole S1 at the moment, and the gasket is clamped between the head part of the bolt and the connected piece hole S1 and is not easy to touch one side surface manually along with the continuous pulling back of the mounting tool, and the rod part of the bolt 1 is inserted back into the connected piece hole S1;
tightening the nut 5 on the rod part of the bolt 1, so that two to-be-fastened and connected bodies are fastened and connected between the gasket and the nut 5;
Finally, the connecting end of the installation tool is separated from the connecting part of one end of the bolt 1, which is far away from the head, so that the whole installation step is completed.
The present solution provides the following examples:
example 1:
Fig. 1 to 3 show the installation of a single-sided bolt fastener, which is suitable for the case that the surface of the difficult-to-touch side of the connected piece is in a circular tube shape and the surface of the easy-to-touch side is in a flat plate shape. In the mounting process, the mounting tool 71 is connected with the head of the bolt 1, and then the gasket 21 is sleeved on the H-shaped rod part of the tool. Since the spacer 21 is elongated with a narrower portion having a width smaller than the size of the attached piece hole S1 of the attached pieces 81, 9 and a longer portion having a length larger than the size of the attached piece hole S1 of the attached pieces 81, 9, the spacer 21 can pass through the attached piece hole S1 of the attached pieces 81, 9 together with the mounting tool to reach a circular closed area which is not easily accessible, and reaches the rear of the closed area, the side shifting tool is stopped by the attachment piece on one side of the spacer 21; the mounting tool is pulled back, and the gasket is easily sleeved on the bolt under the guidance of the transition part 7b of the mounting tool; continuing to pull back the tool, extending the tail part of the bolt, and clamping the gasket between the head part 1a of the bolt and the side which is not easy to touch by the connected piece 81; the deflector rod 11 is inserted into the hole 21c of the gasket from the connected hole, and the gasket 21 is rotated until the protrusion 21b of the gasket is coupled with the stop hole 1e of the bolt; the bolt is rotated again to enable the side surface 21a of the gasket to be attached to the inner surface of the connected piece 81, and the two surfaces are identical in shape, so that the two surfaces can be in complete contact with each other; and then the sleeve 3, the flat pad 4, the elastic pad 6 and the nut 5 are sleeved and locked. Fig. 12 is a locked state.
Example 2:
Fig. 7 to 9 show the installation of a single-sided bolt fastener, which is suitable for the case that two sides of a connected piece are flat plates and 2 gaskets are adopted. The installation process is the same as that of the embodiment 1, firstly, the 1 st gasket with the clamping groove is sent to one side which is not easy to touch; the pull-back tool is sleeved with a gasket with a clamping groove 2, and is sent to one side which is not easy to touch; then extend into the driving lever 11 to the hole 22d on the gasket 22 and enable the driving lever to rotate to transfer the two gasket pairs to be clamped together; and then the tail part of the bolt is pulled out, sleeved and screwed with a flange nut 55 to realize fastening.
Example 3:
fig. 10 to 12 show the installation of a single-sided bolt fastener, which is suitable for the case that both sides of a connected piece are flat plates and a washer with a U-shaped groove is adopted. The installation process is similar to that of the embodiment 1, firstly, a gasket with a U-shaped groove is sleeved on a straight rod of an installation tool 72 and is sent to one side which is not easy to touch; the tool is pulled back, extends out of the tail of the bolt, and is sleeved with the sleeve 3, the flat pad 4, the elastic pad 6 and the nut 5 and locked.
Example 4:
Fig. 13 to 17 show a method for installing and detaching a single-sided bolt fastener, which is suitable for the case that the side of the connected piece is a channel steel with an inclined plane, the side is a flat plate, and a gasket with an inclined plane is adopted.
Wherein FIG. 13 is a schematic view of an installation process which is the same as that of the embodiment 1, firstly, a gasket 24 with an inclined surface is sleeved on a 'n' -shaped rod of an installation tool 71 and is sent to one side which is not easy to touch; a pull-back tool extending out of the tail of the bolt; the disassembly hole 24b extending into the deflector rod 11 to the gasket 24 rotates to enable the inclined surface 24a of the gasket to be matched with the inclined surface of the channel steel; then the bolt is pulled outwards to tightly attach the two inclined planes; the deflector rod 11 is taken out, sleeved with the sleeve 3, the flat pad 4, the spring pad 6 and the nut 5 and locked.
Fig. 14 to 16 are schematic views showing the disassembly of the fastener. The first step is to dismount the nut 5, the spring pad 6, the flat pad 4 and the sleeve 3; screwing the head screw 10a of the dismounting tool 10 into the dismounting screw hole 24b of the spacer 24; then the bolt 1 is extended inwards by the mounting tool 71 to provide rotatable space for the gasket 24, and the gasket 24 is dragged by the dismounting tool 10 to move, rotate and sleeve into the 'several' -shaped rod part on the mounting tool 71; and finally, the fastener, the mounting tool and the dismounting tool are pulled out of the connecting hole together to finish dismounting.
Example 5:
Fig. 19 to 21 show a single-sided bolt fastener, which is suitable for the case that two sides of a connected piece are flat plates and 1 washer is adopted. The installation process is similar to that of the embodiment 2, firstly, the gasket 25 is sleeved on the rod part of the installation tool 71 in a shape like a Chinese character 'ji' and is sent to the side which is not easy to touch; the pull-back tool is sleeved with the sleeve 3, the first elastic pad 6, the flat pad 4, the second elastic pad 6 and the nut 5 and locked.
Example 6:
Fig. 22 to 23 show a single-sided bolt fastener for mounting, which is suitable for the case where 1 washer is used with both sides of the connected member being flat. The installation process is similar to that of example 3, firstly, the slotted gasket is sleeved on the straight rod of the installation tool 72, and the straight rod 72e is clamped between the two narrow grooves because the width of the slot is slightly larger than the diameter of the straight rod 72e of the installation tool 72, and the gasket 26 is sent to the side which is not easy to touch; the tool is pulled back, extends out of the tail of the bolt, and is sleeved with the sleeve 3, the flat pad 4, the elastic pad 6 and the nut 5 and locked.
Example 7:
Fig. 24 to 26 show the installation of a single-sided bolt fastener according to the invention, which is suitable for the case where the one side of the connected piece is in the shape of a circular tube and the other side is in the shape of a flat plate, and 1 washer is used. The gasket 27 has a maximum outer shape and a dimension of a strip shape as a whole, a surface 27a on one side of a central hole of the gasket 27 is shaped and dimensioned to fit with an inner surface of the round pipe 81 of the to-be-connected member on the side which is not easily touched, and bosses 27b,27b are formed on the surface 27a in a circular shape in a radial direction and have a diameter slightly smaller than a dimension of the hole S1 of the to-be-connected member. The installation process of the fastener is similar to that of the embodiment 1, firstly, the gasket 27 is sleeved on the's' shaped part of the installation tool 71 and enters a space area on the side which is not easy to access together with the's' shaped part, then the installation tool 71 is pulled outwards, and the gasket 27 is sleeved on the bolt relatively easily under the guidance of the transition part 7b of the installation tool; continuing to pull back the tool, extending the tail part of the bolt, clamping the gasket between the head part 1a of the bolt and one side of the connected piece 81 which is not easy to touch, and simultaneously extending the convex table 27 on the gasket 27 into the connected hole; the deflector rod 11 extends into the groove 27c on the gasket from the connected hole, and the gasket 27 is stirred to rotate until the cambered surface 27a of the gasket is attached to the inner surface of the circular tube 81 of the connected piece; withdraw the lever 11, screw on the flange nut 55 and lock. The bolts are not easy to shake radially due to the boss 27b on the gasket.
Example 8:
as shown in fig. 27 to 28, the specific mounting manner for the case where the hole S1 of the connected member is a kidney-shaped hole is similar to the mounting method of the foregoing embodiment 5, and this embodiment will not be described in detail.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the invention, it being noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention.
Claims (13)
1. A single-sided bolt fastener, characterized in that: the bolt comprises a bolt, and also comprises an integrated gasket and a nut which can be sleeved on the bolt; the head of the bolt is provided with a flange, and one end of the bolt far away from the head is provided with a connecting part matched with the installation tool; the hole of the integrated gasket can pass through the shank of the bolt but cannot pass through the flanged head of the bolt;
The head part and the rod part of the bolt can pass through the hole of the connected piece along the axis;
The dimension of the widest position of the outer contour of the integrated gasket is larger than the radial dimension or the dimension of the narrowest position of the hole of the connected piece; at least one posture of the integrated gasket can pass through the hole of the connected piece;
the integrated gasket is a single integrated gasket or a one-to-one integrated gasket;
when the connecting piece is a single integrated gasket, the shape of one of two side surfaces of the upper hole of the single integrated gasket is matched with the shape of the side, which is not easy to contact, of the connected piece;
when it is a pair of integrated gaskets, the pair of integrated gaskets includes a first gasket and a second gasket; the gasket holes on the first gasket and the second gasket are sleeved on the rod part of the bolt together.
2. A single-sided bolt fastener as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the outer contour of the integrated gasket is elliptical, strip-shaped, rectangular, waist-shaped or circular.
3. A single-sided bolt fastener as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the connecting part of one end of the bolt far away from the head part is an internal threaded hole or an external threaded section smaller than the diameter of the bolt rod part.
4. A single-sided bolt fastener as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
When the gasket is a pair of one-to-one gaskets, one side, close to each other, of the first gasket and the second gasket is provided with a first groove and a second groove respectively, the first groove and the second groove can be clamped with each other, one surface of the first gasket contacts with the side surface, close to the screw side, of the flange of the head of the bolt after clamping, and one surface of the second gasket is attached to the surface, close to the side, of the connected piece after clamping, and the shape of the second gasket is matched with the shape of the surface.
5. A single-sided bolt fastener as claimed in claim 1 wherein: and a rotation stopping structure is arranged between the integrated gasket and the bolt, the gasket is abutted against the head of the bolt, the rotation stopping structure can be coupled, and in the coupling state of the rotation stopping structure, the gasket and the bolt form a synchronous coupling piece.
6. A single-sided bolt fastener as claimed in claim 1 wherein: one side on the integrated gasket is provided with at least one disassembly hole or auxiliary notch.
7. A single-sided bolt fastener as claimed in claim 1 wherein: one side on the integrated gasket is provided with at least one boss.
8. A single-sided bolt fastener as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the rod part of the bolt is also sleeved with one or more of a sleeve, a flat pad and a spring pad.
9. A single-sided bolt fastener as claimed in claim 1 wherein: a first U-shaped groove and a second U-shaped groove are respectively arranged on two sides of the integrated gasket; the first U-shaped groove is communicated with the surface on one side of the gasket hole, the second U-shaped groove is communicated with the surface on the other side of the gasket hole, and the first U-shaped groove and the second U-shaped groove can be sleeved on a straight rod together.
10. A single-sided bolt fastener as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the integrated gasket is characterized in that one surface of the gasket hole is provided with an inclined slot communicated with the gasket hole, the other surface of the gasket hole is also provided with an inclined slot communicated with the gasket hole, and the two inclined slots can be sleeved on a straight rod together.
11. The fastener installation tool of any one of claims 1-10, wherein: the tool comprises an installation tool, wherein the installation tool sequentially comprises a handle part, a rod part, a conical transition part and a connecting tail end along the length direction; the thick end of the cone transition part is connected with the connecting tail end, the diameter of the thick end of the cone transition part is the same as that of the rod part of the bolt, and the rod part is in a shape like a Chinese character 'ji' or is in a linear shape; the connecting tail end of the mounting tool is a connecting structure matched with the bolt connecting part; the connecting tail end is of a threaded structure; the thread structure of the connecting tail end is in threaded fit with an internal threaded hole or an external threaded section at the bolt connecting part.
12. The fastener remover of any of claims 1-10, wherein: the dismounting tool comprises a dismounting tool, wherein the dismounting tool comprises a dismounting handle part, a dismounting rod part and a dismounting connecting part in sequence in the extension direction, and the dismounting connecting part is hinged with the dismounting rod part; the disassembly connecting part is a connecting structure matched with a disassembly hole on the gasket, the disassembly connecting part is of a threaded connection structure, and the disassembly connecting part is of a threaded connection structure and is in threaded fit with the disassembly hole on the gasket.
13. A method of installing a fastener according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein:
Preparing two to-be-fastened connected bodies, aligning and overlapping mounting holes on the two to-be-fastened connected bodies, wherein the two aligned and overlapped mounting holes form a to-be-connected piece hole, and in the state, one side of the to-be-connected piece hole is a side which is easy to touch by a person, and the other side of the to-be-connected piece hole is a side which is difficult to touch by the person;
The nut is sleeved on the rod part of the installation tool, the integrated gasket is sleeved on the rod part of the installation tool in a specific posture, the integrated gasket can pass through the hole of the connected piece in the specific posture, meanwhile, the connecting tail end of the installation tool is connected to the connecting part of one end of the bolt far away from the head part, then an operator holds the installation tool on one side which is easy to touch manually, the head part and the rod part of the bolt pass through the hole of the connected piece along the axis, and the integrated gasket in the specific posture also passes through the hole of the connected piece along with the bolt, so that the bolt and the integrated gasket reach one side which is difficult to touch manually from one side which is easy to touch manually;
Then the mounting tool is pulled back, under the guidance of the conical transition part of the mounting tool along the length direction, the mounting tool is moved aside and an auxiliary tool is used, so that a gasket hole on the gasket is sleeved on the rod part of the bolt, and the position of the widest position of the outer contour of the gasket is larger than the radial dimension/the narrowest position dimension of the hole of the connected piece, so that the posture of the gasket cannot pass through the hole of the connected piece at the moment, and the gasket is clamped between the head part of the bolt and the side which is not easily touched by people along with the continuous pulling back of the mounting tool, and the rod part of the bolt is inserted back into the hole of the connected piece;
Tightening the nut on the rod part of the bolt, so that two to-be-fastened and connected bodies are fastened and connected between the gasket and the nut;
and finally, separating the connecting end of the installation tool from the connecting part of the end, far away from the head, of the bolt, so as to complete the whole installation step.
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| CN201910713030.XA CN110486365B (en) | 2019-08-02 | 2019-08-02 | Unilateral bolt fastener and method thereof |
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| CN111055237B (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2021-03-26 | 同济大学 | Hinge type deformation contraction self-recovery unilateral bolt fastener and mounting tool |
| CN111015566B (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-11-27 | 同济大学 | Plate-shaped bending type split unilateral bolt fastener mounting tool |
| CN110936327B (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-10-02 | 同济大学 | Thimble position adjustable unilateral bolt fastener mounting tool |
| CN112936174B (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2023-05-02 | 同济大学 | Bending strip-shaped mounting tool for split type unilateral bolt fastener |
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| CN206582223U (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-10-24 | 深圳市全安现代科技有限责任公司 | A kind of elastomeric pad and apply its bolt fastening structure |
| CN108571507A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-09-25 | 同济大学 | A kind of deformation retract equipped with cambered surface is from replying split type unilateral bolt fastener |
| CN210889644U (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2020-06-30 | 陈娟娟 | Unilateral bolt fastener |
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| GB0525689D0 (en) * | 2005-12-16 | 2006-01-25 | Airbus Uk Ltd | A fastener assembly |
| CN106224342B (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-02-09 | 同济大学 | A kind of split nested type taper bolt fastener |
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| CN206582223U (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-10-24 | 深圳市全安现代科技有限责任公司 | A kind of elastomeric pad and apply its bolt fastening structure |
| CN108571507A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-09-25 | 同济大学 | A kind of deformation retract equipped with cambered surface is from replying split type unilateral bolt fastener |
| CN210889644U (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2020-06-30 | 陈娟娟 | Unilateral bolt fastener |
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