CN110484301B - Ender grading gasification system for dry-type clean treatment of fly ash - Google Patents
Ender grading gasification system for dry-type clean treatment of fly ash Download PDFInfo
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- CN110484301B CN110484301B CN201910815299.9A CN201910815299A CN110484301B CN 110484301 B CN110484301 B CN 110484301B CN 201910815299 A CN201910815299 A CN 201910815299A CN 110484301 B CN110484301 B CN 110484301B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
- C10J3/56—Apparatus; Plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/721—Multistage gasification, e.g. plural parallel or serial gasification stages
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/093—Coal
- C10J2300/0936—Coal fines for producing producer gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1625—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with solids treatment
- C10J2300/1628—Ash post-treatment
- C10J2300/1631—Ash recycling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
Abstract
An Ender grading gasification system for dry-type cleaning treatment of fly ash relates to an Ender grading gasification system. The method aims to solve the problems that the water consumption is high, the generated black water is difficult to treat and the cost is increased in the fly ash treatment process in the existing Ender gasification system. The Ende staged gasification system comprises a first coal storage bin, a first Ende gasification furnace, a cyclone dust collector, a first ash bucket, a first waste heat boiler, a first multistage bag-type dust collector, a second ash bucket, a second coal storage bin, a second Ende gasification furnace, an entrained-flow bed gasification furnace, a second waste heat boiler and a second multistage bag-type dust collector, wherein the first ash bucket is arranged below the cyclone dust collector, the second ash bucket is arranged below the first multistage bag-type dust collector, the first ash bucket and the second ash bucket are communicated with the second coal storage bin, the second coal storage bin is communicated with the second Ende gasification furnace, the top of the second Ende gasification furnace is communicated with the entrained-flow bed gasification furnace, the top of the entrained-flow bed gasification furnace is communicated with the waste heat boiler, and the waste heat boiler is connected with the second multistage bag-type dust collector. The invention is used in the field of coal gasification.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an Ender staged gasification system.
Background
Coal gasification is the conversion of C, H in coal to clean syngas or fuel gas (CO + H)2) The process of (1). The method not only realizes clean and efficient utilization of coal, but also is a key technology for developing coal-based bulk chemicals. The Ender crushed coal spouted bed gasifier is introduced into China from 2000 years, has the advantages of wide application range of raw material coal, low manufacturing cost, low production cost and safe and reliable technology, and is rapidly developed in the field of coal chemical industry in China. Synthesis by Ende gasifierThe fly ash content in the gas is high, the carbon content of the fly ash is high (20-40 percent), and the stable operation of a gasification system is influenced.
The existing fly ash treatment process comprises the following steps: raw material coal enters a coal storage tank and then is sent into an Ender powder coal gasification hearth, the raw material coal is fluidized and gasified in an Ender powder coal gasification furnace, generated synthetic gas and fly ash are separated by a cyclone separator, the separated fly ash is sent back to the hearth by a bottom return pipe, fly ash which is not separated is discharged from the top of the fly ash under the carrying action of the synthetic gas and enters a waste heat boiler, high-temperature synthetic gas and fly ash are cooled to 200 ℃ by the waste heat boiler, dust which is settled in the waste heat boiler is discharged by a water seal tank, the non-settled fly ash is carried by the synthetic gas and enters an air spray tower, the fly ash which is not settled enters the lower part of a filler washing tower from the upper part of the filler washing tower after being treated by water mist flowing reversely through a filler layer, the fly ash uniformly passes through a first-stage filler flow equalizing section and a second-stage filler flow equalizing section, an absorption section and a spray section and is, the fly ash breaks through the gas film around the water drops and adheres to the water drops, the fly ash is polymerized into large-particle ash water drops under the action of relative speed, the ash water drops are removed under the action of centrifugal force and gravity, and the synthetic gas after being washed and purified again is sent to a clean gas cabinet. Such a dusting process has the following problems: (1) the water consumption is large, and the method is difficult to be applied to coal chemical enterprises in Shanxi, Ningxia and other places with serious water shortage; (2) the washing is used for dedusting, the generated black water is difficult to be treated by simple processes such as precipitation and the like, enterprise investment is needed to establish a set of process equipment special for treating the black water, and the production cost is increased. (3) The existing black water treatment process brings sludge pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an Ender grading gasification system for dry-type clean treatment of fly ash, aiming at solving the problems of high water consumption, difficult treatment of generated black water and cost increase in the fly ash treatment process in the conventional Ender gasification system.
The invention relates to an Ender grading gasification system for dry-type clean treatment of fly ash, which comprises a first coal storage bin, a first Ender gasification furnace, a cyclone dust collector, a first ash bucket, a first waste heat boiler, a first multistage bag-type dust collector, a second ash bucket, a second coal storage bin, a second Ender gasification furnace, an entrained-flow bed gasification furnace, a second waste heat boiler and a second multistage bag-type dust collector,
the outlet of the first coal storage bin is communicated with the inlet of the first Ender gasification furnace, the top of the first Ender gasification furnace is communicated with a cyclone dust collector, the lower part of the cyclone dust collector is provided with a first ash bucket, the top of the cyclone dust collector is communicated with a first waste heat boiler, the outlet of the first waste heat boiler is connected with a first multi-stage cloth bag dust collector, the lower part of the first multi-stage cloth bag dust collector is provided with a second ash bucket, the first ash bucket and the second ash bucket are both communicated with a second coal storage bin through a fly ash channel, the outlet of the second coal storage bin is communicated with the inlet of a second Ender gasification furnace, the top of the second Ender gasification furnace is communicated with an entrained flow bed gasification furnace, the top of the entrained flow bed gasification furnace is communicated with the second waste heat boiler, the outlet of the second waste heat boiler is connected with a second,
the lower part of the first Ender gasifier is provided with a first Ender gasifier burner, the lower part of the second Ender gasifier is provided with a second Ender gasifier burner, and the lower part of the entrained flow bed gasifier is provided with an entrained flow bed gasifier burner.
Furthermore, a first coal feeding hopper and a first spiral coal feeder are further arranged on the first coal storage bin, and the first coal feeding hopper is connected with the first coal storage bin through the first spiral coal feeder.
Furthermore, a second coal feeding hopper and a second spiral coal feeder are further arranged on the second coal storage bin, and the second coal feeding hopper is connected with the second coal storage bin through the second spiral coal feeder.
Further, an outlet of the first coal storage bin is communicated with an inlet of the first Ender gasification furnace through a first screw feeder.
Further, an outlet of the second coal storage bin is communicated with an inlet of the second Ender gasification furnace through a second screw feeder.
The gasification method by using the Ender grading gasification system for dry-type clean treatment of the fly ash comprises the following steps:
sending crushed coal in a first coal storage bin into a hearth of a first Ender gasifier, controlling the amount of the crushed coal entering the first Ender gasifier to be 15-50 t/h, simultaneously controlling the pressure of the first Ender gasifier to be 10-100 kPa, operating the temperature to be 700-950 ℃, carrying out fluidized gasification on the crushed coal in the Ender gasifier, separating generated synthetic gas and fly ash through a cyclone dust collector, sending the separated fly ash into a first ash hopper below the cyclone dust collector, discharging the fly ash which is not separated from the top of the cyclone dust collector under the carrying effect of the synthetic gas into a first waste heat boiler, sending the fly ash into a first multi-stage cloth bag dust collector for further separation, sending the separated fly ash into a second ash hopper below the cyclone dust collector, discharging the rest clean gas from the top of the cyclone dust collector, and finally sending the clean gas into a clean gas cabinet;
the fly ash collected from a first ash bucket below a cyclone dust collector and a second ash bucket below a first multi-stage bag-type dust collector enters a fly ash channel, the fly ash enters a second coal storage bucket through the fly ash channel to be mixed with crushed coal, the mixture is sent into a hearth of a second Ender gasifier, the amount of the crushed coal entering the second Ender gasifier is controlled to be 15-50 t/h, meanwhile, the pressure of the second Ender gasifier is controlled to be 10-100 kPa, the operation temperature is 700-950 ℃, crude synthesis gas with the temperature of 750-850 ℃ enters the gasifier at the speed of 50-70 m/s, a gasifying agent with the temperature of 100-120 ℃ enters the gasifier at the speed of 60-90 m/s, the pressure of the gasifier is controlled to be 5-80 kPa, the operation temperature is 1000-1600 ℃, the fly ash and the crushed coal are fluidized in the second Ender gasifier, the generated synthesis gas enters a burner of an entrained flow gasifier to be continuously gasified, and the synthetic gas is discharged from the top of the entrained-flow bed gasification furnace, enters a second waste heat boiler, then is sent to a second multi-stage bag-type dust collector, and finally enters a clean gas cabinet.
Wherein the amount of the crude synthesis gas is 4-10 ten thousand Nm3And h, the flying ash amount is 5-15 t/h.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
crushed coal in the first coal storage bin is sent into a hearth of a first Ender gasification furnace, the crushed coal is fluidized and gasified in the Ender gasification furnace, generated synthetic gas and fly ash are separated by a cyclone dust collector, separated fly ash enters a first ash hopper below the cyclone dust collector, fly ash which is not separated is discharged from the top of the cyclone dust collector under the carrying effect of the synthetic gas and enters a first waste heat boiler, then the fly ash is sent into a first multi-stage bag dust collector for further separation, the separated fly ash enters a second ash hopper below the cyclone dust collector, and the residual clean gas is discharged from the top of the second ash hopper and finally enters a clean gas cabinet. The fly ash collected from a first ash bucket below the cyclone dust collector and a second ash bucket below the first multi-stage bag-type dust collector enters a fly ash channel, the fly ash enters a second coal storage bucket through the fly ash channel to be mixed with crushed coal and then is sent into a hearth of a second Ender gasification furnace, the fly ash and the crushed coal are fluidized and gasified in the second Ender gasification furnace, the generated synthetic gas enters the hearth of the entrained flow gasification furnace through a burner of the entrained flow gasification furnace to be continuously gasified, the synthetic gas is discharged from the top of the entrained flow gasification furnace, enters a second waste heat boiler, then is sent into a second multi-stage bag-type dust collector, and finally enters a clean gas cabinet. Gasifying agents of the Ender gasifier and the entrained flow gasifier are respectively sprayed from the burner of the Ender gasifier and the burner of the entrained flow gasifier.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the ash content of the synthetic gas is low, the range of the synthetic gas allowed to carry fly ash can be reached, and no black water is generated
The synthesis gas and the fly ash generated by the first Ender gasification furnace in the system are separated by the cyclone dust collector, the separated fly ash enters the ash bucket below the cyclone dust collector, the fly ash which is not separated is discharged from the top of the cyclone dust collector under the carrying effect of the synthesis gas and enters the waste heat boiler, then the fly ash is sent to the bag-type dust collector for further separation, the separated fly ash enters the ash bucket below the cyclone dust collector, and the residual clean gas is discharged from the top of the cyclone dust collector. The bag-type dust collector mainly utilizes filter materials processed by fibers to filter and remove dust, the dust removal efficiency of fly ash is as high as 99 percent, and the dust content of gas passing through the bag-type dust collector is lower than 3mg/Nm3The range of the fly ash allowed to be carried by the synthesis gas can be reached, and the synthesis gas can directly enter a clean gas cabinet. The invention does not produce black water.
2. The cold gas efficiency of the gasification system is improved by about 20 percent, and the fly ash generated by the Ender furnace is changed into valuable
In the invention, fly ash collected from ash hoppers under the cyclone dust collector and the first multistage bag-type dust collector enters the fly ash channel, enters the second coal storage hopper through the fly ash channel to be mixed with crushed coal, and is sent into the second Ender gasification furnace chamber through the second screw feeder. About 20% of the fly ash is discharged from the bottom of the furnace in the form of solid slag, and the remaining 80% of the fly ash followsAnd (4) fluidized gasification of crushed coal. About 30% of the fixed carbon in the fly ash participates in the gasification reaction, so that the total amount of the fly ash entering the second Ender gasification furnace from the fly ash channel is reduced by 20%, and the combustible content is reduced from 30% to 20%. And the residual fly ash, the fly ash generated after the crushed coal is gasified and the synthesis gas enter an entrained flow gasification furnace chamber through an entrained flow gasification furnace burner. Small amount of CO and H in synthesis gas2And part of the fixed carbon in the fly ash and the gasifying agent entering the entrained flow gasifier are subjected to combustion reaction, so that the temperature in the gasifier is raised to more than 1500 ℃, and the temperature is not only higher than the temperature in the Ender but also higher than the flowing temperature of the fly ash. The gasification agent is less and is exhausted quickly, and high-temperature strong reducing atmosphere is formed in the entrained flow gasifier. Fixed carbon in fly ash and CO in syngas2And the residual ash is heated into a molten state to form liquid slag which is discharged through a slag discharging opening of the entrained flow gasifier. The ash content of the synthetic gas is reduced by 80%, the combustible content in the total fly ash is reduced to be below 2%, and the cold coal gas efficiency of a gasification system is about 75%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an Ender staged gasification system for dry cleaning of fly ash in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of an Ender staged gasification system for dry cleaning treatment of fly ash in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a conventional Ender gasification system.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, but includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1, and the dry-type fly ash cleaning and gasification system of the present embodiment includes a first coal bunker 4, a first ender gasification furnace 3, a cyclone 7, a first ash bucket 8, a first exhaust-heat boiler 9, a first multi-stage bag-type dust collector 10, a second ash bucket 18, a second coal bunker 14, a second ender gasification furnace 15, an entrained-flow gasification furnace 12, a second exhaust-heat boiler 16, and a second multi-stage bag-type dust collector 17,
an outlet of the first coal storage bin 4 is communicated with an inlet of the first Ender gasification furnace 3, the top of the first Ender gasification furnace 3 is communicated with a cyclone dust collector 7, a first ash bucket 8 is arranged at the lower part of the cyclone dust collector 7, the top of the cyclone dust collector 7 is communicated with a first waste heat boiler 9, an outlet of the first waste heat boiler 9 is connected with a first multi-stage bag-type dust collector 10, a second ash bucket 18 is arranged at the lower part of the first multi-stage bag-type dust collector 10,
the first ash bucket 8 and the second ash bucket 18 are communicated with a second coal storage bin 14 through a fly ash channel 11, the outlet of the second coal storage bin 14 is communicated with the inlet of a second Ender gasification furnace 15, the top of the second Ender gasification furnace 15 is communicated with an entrained flow bed gasification furnace 12, the top of the entrained flow bed gasification furnace 12 is communicated with a second waste heat boiler 16, the outlet of the second waste heat boiler 16 is connected with a second multi-stage cloth bag dust remover 17,
the first ender gasifier 3 is provided with a first ender gasifier burner 6 at the lower portion thereof, the second ender gasifier 15 is provided with a second ender gasifier burner 20 at the lower portion thereof, and the entrained flow gasifier 12 is provided with an entrained flow gasifier burner 13 at the lower portion thereof.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the first coal storage bin 4 is also provided with a first coal feeding hopper 1 and a first spiral coal feeder 2, and the first coal feeding hopper 1 is connected with the first coal storage bin 4 through the first spiral coal feeder 2. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the second coal storage bin 14 is also provided with a second coal feeding hopper 21 and a second spiral coal feeder 22, and the second coal feeding hopper 21 is connected with the second coal storage bin 14 through the second spiral coal feeder 22. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the outlet of the first coal storage bin 4 is communicated with the inlet of the first Ender gasification furnace 3 through a first screw feeder 5. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the outlet of the second coal storage bin 14 is communicated with the inlet of the second Ender gasification furnace 15 through a second screw feeder 19. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the gasification method of the present embodiment is:
sending crushed coal in a first coal storage bin into a hearth of a first Ender gasifier, controlling the amount of the crushed coal entering the first Ender gasifier to be 15-50 t/h, simultaneously controlling the pressure of the first Ender gasifier to be 10-100 kPa, operating the temperature to be 700-950 ℃, carrying out fluidized gasification on the crushed coal in the Ender gasifier, separating generated synthetic gas and fly ash through a cyclone dust collector, sending the separated fly ash into a first ash hopper below the cyclone dust collector, discharging the fly ash which is not separated from the top of the cyclone dust collector under the carrying effect of the synthetic gas into a first waste heat boiler, sending the fly ash into a first multi-stage cloth bag dust collector for further separation, sending the separated fly ash into a second ash hopper below the cyclone dust collector, discharging the rest clean gas from the top of the cyclone dust collector, and finally sending the clean gas into a clean gas cabinet;
the fly ash collected from a first ash bucket below a cyclone dust collector and a second ash bucket below a first multi-stage bag-type dust collector enters a fly ash channel, the fly ash enters a second coal storage bucket through the fly ash channel to be mixed with crushed coal, the mixture is sent into a hearth of a second Ender gasifier, the amount of the crushed coal entering the second Ender gasifier is controlled to be 15-50 t/h, meanwhile, the pressure of the second Ender gasifier is controlled to be 10-100 kPa, the operation temperature is 700-950 ℃, crude synthesis gas with the temperature of 750-850 ℃ enters the gasifier at the speed of 50-70 m/s, a gasifying agent with the temperature of 100-120 ℃ enters the gasifier at the speed of 60-90 m/s, the pressure of the gasifier is controlled to be 5-80 kPa, the operation temperature is 1000-1600 ℃, the fly ash and the crushed coal are fluidized in the second Ender gasifier, the generated synthesis gas enters a burner of an entrained flow gasifier to be continuously gasified, and the synthetic gas is discharged from the top of the entrained-flow bed gasification furnace, enters a second waste heat boiler, then is sent to a second multi-stage bag-type dust collector, and finally enters a clean gas cabinet.
Wherein the amount of the crude synthesis gas is 4-10 ten thousand Nm3And h, the flying ash amount is 5-15 t/h.
The following examples are given to illustrate the present invention, and the following examples are carried out on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and give detailed embodiments and specific procedures, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1: the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 2
The Ender staged gasification system for dry cleaning treatment of fly ash in this embodiment comprises a first coal storage bin 4, a first Ender gasification furnace 3, a cyclone dust collector 7, a first ash bucket 8, a first waste heat boiler 9, a first multi-stage cloth bag dust collector 10, a second ash bucket 18, a second coal storage bin 14, a second Ender gasification furnace 15, an entrained flow gasification furnace 12, a second waste heat boiler 16 and a second multi-stage cloth bag dust collector 17,
an outlet of the first coal storage bin 4 is communicated with an inlet of the first Ender gasification furnace 3, the top of the first Ender gasification furnace 3 is communicated with a cyclone dust collector 7, a first ash bucket 8 is arranged at the lower part of the cyclone dust collector 7, the top of the cyclone dust collector 7 is communicated with a first waste heat boiler 9, an outlet of the first waste heat boiler 9 is connected with a first multi-stage bag-type dust collector 10, a second ash bucket 18 is arranged at the lower part of the first multi-stage bag-type dust collector 10,
the first ash bucket 8 and the second ash bucket 18 are communicated with a second coal storage bin 14 through a fly ash channel 11, the outlet of the second coal storage bin 14 is communicated with the inlet of a second Ender gasification furnace 15, the top of the second Ender gasification furnace 15 is communicated with an entrained flow bed gasification furnace 12, the top of the entrained flow bed gasification furnace 12 is communicated with a second waste heat boiler 16, the outlet of the second waste heat boiler 16 is connected with a second multi-stage cloth bag dust remover 17,
the first ender gasifier 3 is provided with a first ender gasifier burner 6 at the lower portion thereof, the second ender gasifier 15 is provided with a second ender gasifier burner 20 at the lower portion thereof, and the entrained flow gasifier 12 is provided with an entrained flow gasifier burner 13 at the lower portion thereof.
The first coal storage bin 4 is also provided with a first coal feeding hopper 1 and a first spiral coal feeder 2, and the first coal feeding hopper 1 is connected with the first coal storage bin 4 through the first spiral coal feeder 2.
The second coal storage bin 14 is also provided with a second coal feeding hopper 21 and a second spiral coal feeder 22, and the second coal feeding hopper 21 is connected with the second coal storage bin 14 through the second spiral coal feeder 22.
The outlet of the first coal storage bin 4 is communicated with the inlet of the first Ender gasification furnace 3 through a first screw feeder 5.
The outlet of the second coal storage bin 14 is communicated with the inlet of the second Ender gasification furnace 15 through a second screw feeder 19.
The gasification method comprises the following steps:
crushed coal enters a first coal storage bin 4 through a first coal feeding hopper 1 and a first spiral coal feeder 2. Crushed coal in a first coal storage bin 4 is fed into a hearth of a first Ender gasifier 3 through a first screw feeder 5, the amount of the crushed coal entering the first Ender gasifier is controlled to be 15-50 t/h, meanwhile, the pressure of the first Ender gasifier is controlled to be 10-100 kPa, the operating temperature is 700-950 ℃, the crushed coal is fluidized and gasified in the first Ender gasifier 3, generated synthetic gas and fly ash are separated through a cyclone dust collector 7, the separated fly ash enters a first ash hopper 8 below the cyclone dust collector, the fly ash which is not separated is discharged from the top of the cyclone dust collector 7 under the carrying effect of the synthetic gas to enter a first waste heat boiler 9, then the fly ash is fed into a first multi-stage cloth bag dust collector 10 for further separation, the separated fly ash enters a second ash hopper 18 below the fly ash, the rest clean gas is discharged from the top of the fly ash, and finally enters a clean gas cabinet. The fly ash collected from a first ash hopper 8 below a cyclone dust collector 7 and a second ash hopper 18 below a first multi-stage bag-type dust collector 10 enters a fly ash channel 11, the fly ash enters a second coal storage hopper 14 through the fly ash channel 11 to be mixed with crushed coal, the mixture is fed into a hearth of a second Ender gasifier 15 through a second screw feeder 19, the amount of the crushed coal entering the second Ender gasifier is controlled to be 15-50 t/h, meanwhile, the pressure of the second Ender gasifier is controlled to be 10-100 kPa, the operation temperature is 700-950 ℃, crude synthesis gas with the temperature of 750-850 ℃ enters the gasifier at the speed of 50-70 m/s, a gasifying agent with the temperature of 100-120 ℃ enters the gasifier at the speed of 60-90 m/s, the pressure of the gasifier is controlled to be 5-80 kPa, the operation temperature is 1000-1600 ℃, the fly ash and the crushed coal are fluidized and gasified in the second Ender gasifier 15, the generated synthesis gas enters the hearth of a gas entrained flow bed 12 to be continuously gasified, the synthesis gas is discharged from the top of the entrained-flow gasifier 12, enters a second waste heat boiler 16, then is sent to a second multi-stage bag-type dust collector 17, and finally enters a clean gas cabinet. Gasifying agents of the Ender gasifier and the entrained flow gasifier are respectively sprayed from the burner of the Ender gasifier and the burner of the entrained flow gasifier.
The schematic structural diagram of the existing Ender gasification system is shown in FIG. 3, wherein raw material coal enters a coal storage tank 24 and then is sent into a hearth of an Ender pulverized coal gasification furnace 25, the raw material coal is fluidized and gasified in the Ender pulverized coal gasification furnace 25, generated synthetic gas and fly ash are separated by a cyclone separator 26, separated fly ash is sent back to the hearth of the Ender pulverized coal gasification furnace 25 through a bottom return pipe, and fly ash which is not separated is discharged from the top of the Ender pulverized coal gasification furnace 25 under the carrying effect of the synthetic gas. The dust content of the gas after passing through the cyclone 26 was 50mg/Nm3The allowable dust content of the synthesis gas is 2-5 mg/Nm3. It is necessary to add a water washing device after the exhaust-heat boiler 27. The fly ash is carried by the synthesis gas to enter an air spray tower (28), is treated by water mist flowing reversely through a packing layer and then enters the lower part of a packing washing tower 29 from the upper part of the packing washing tower, uniformly passes through a first-stage packing flow equalizing section and a second-stage packing flow equalizing section, an absorption section and a spraying section for dedusting and cooling, enters a Venturi water film dust remover 30 from the upper part of the washing tower, the high-speed synthesis gas breaks water sprayed from an inlet, the fly ash breaks a gas film around water drops and adheres to the water drops, the fly ash is polymerized into ash water drops with larger particles under the action of relative speed, the ash water drops are removed under the action of centrifugal force and gravity, and the synthesis gas after being washed and purified again is sent to a clean gas cabinet. The existing water washing process for removing fly ash in synthesis gas by the Ender gasification furnace has large water consumption, is difficult to be applied to coal chemical enterprises in Shanxi, Ningxia and other places with serious water shortage, and has limited process applicability; the washing is used for dedusting, the generated black water is difficult to be treated by simple processes such as precipitation and the like, enterprises need to invest to establish a set of process equipment special for treating the black water, and the product cost is increased; and the black water treatment can further bring sludge pollution.
The Ender gasification process comprises the steps that coal enters a gasification furnace in a crushed coal (the particle size is larger than 20mm) mode, the reaction temperature in the furnace is lower than 1300 ℃, the gasification reaction rate is low, and the ash content of synthetic gas reaches 110g/Nm3The combustible content of the fly ash is up to 30 percent, and the cold coal gas efficiency of the gasification system is about 55 percent. In the existing process for removing fly ash in synthesis gas by an Ender gasification furnace, the synthesis gas and fly ash generated by the Ender gasification furnace enter a cyclone separator, and separated dust is returned to a hearth through a bottom return pipe. The particle size of the fine ash is small, the inertia is weak,cannot be separated efficiently by the cyclone. The fly ash which is not separated is discharged from the top of the cyclone separator under the carrying effect of the synthesis gas and enters a waste heat boiler. The fine ash which is not separated by the cyclone separator is washed by water in an air spray tower, a filler washing tower and a Venturi water film dust remover and enters black water. The water washing is a physical process, and the combustible content of the fly ash is unchanged and still reaches up to 30 percent. As for the fly ash with higher combustible content (20-40 percent), the fly ash can not be used for manufacturing cement and concrete admixture and can not be used for preparing foamed glass and foamed ceramic lamp wall materials, and the resource utilization value is low. The wet ash separated from the black water is inconvenient to transport and cannot be directly utilized, the wet ash needs to be changed into dry ash through the process flows of heating, loosening and the like, and the cost of the fly ash is greatly increased. The wet ash separated from the black water is often buried, which not only occupies valuable land resources, but also may cause potential hazards of heavy metals transferred from the fly ash to landfill sites, pollute land and underground water, and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the synthetic gas of the embodiment has low ash content, can reach the range of the synthetic gas allowed to carry fly ash, and does not generate black water.
In the embodiment, the synthesis gas and the fly ash generated by the first Ender gasification furnace are separated by the cyclone dust collector, the separated fly ash enters the ash bucket below the cyclone dust collector, the fly ash which is not separated is discharged from the top of the cyclone dust collector under the carrying effect of the synthesis gas and enters the first waste heat boiler, then the fly ash is sent to the bag-type dust collector for further separation, the separated fly ash enters the ash bucket below the cyclone dust collector, and the rest clean gas is discharged from the top of the bag-type dust collector. The bag-type dust collector mainly utilizes filter materials processed by fibers to filter and remove dust, the dust removal efficiency of fly ash is as high as 99 percent, and the dust content of gas passing through the bag-type dust collector is lower than 3mg/Nm3The range of the fly ash allowed to be carried by the synthesis gas can be reached, the synthesis gas can directly enter a clean gas cabinet, and no black water is generated in the whole process.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment improves the cold gas efficiency of the gasification system by about 20 percent, and changes the fly ash generated by the Ender furnace into valuable.
In this embodiment, fly collected from the dust hoppers under the cyclone dust collector and the first multistage bag dust collectorThe ash enters the fly ash channel, the fly ash enters the second coal storage hopper through the fly ash channel to be mixed with crushed coal, and the mixture is sent to the second Ender gasification furnace chamber through the second screw feeder. About 20% of the fly ash is discharged from the bottom of the furnace in the form of solid slag, and the remaining 80% of the fly ash is fluidized and gasified with crushed coal. About 30% of the fixed carbon in the fly ash participates in the gasification reaction, so that the total amount of the fly ash entering the second Ender gasification furnace from the fly ash channel is reduced by 20%, and the combustible content is reduced from 30% to 20%. And the residual fly ash, the fly ash generated after the crushed coal is gasified and the synthesis gas enter an entrained flow gasification furnace chamber through an entrained flow gasification furnace burner. Small amount of CO and H in synthesis gas2And part of the fixed carbon in the fly ash and the gasifying agent entering the entrained flow gasifier are subjected to combustion reaction, so that the temperature in the gasifier is raised to more than 1500 ℃, and the temperature is not only higher than the temperature in the Ender but also higher than the flowing temperature of the fly ash. The gasification agent is less and is exhausted quickly, and high-temperature strong reducing atmosphere is formed in the entrained flow gasifier. Fixed carbon in fly ash and CO in syngas2And the residual ash is heated into a molten state to form liquid slag which is discharged through a slag discharging opening of the entrained flow gasifier. The ash content of the synthetic gas is reduced by 80%, the combustible content in the total fly ash is reduced to be below 2%, and the cold coal gas efficiency of a gasification system is about 75%. The fly ash with combustible content less than 5 percent can be widely used for admixture of cement and concrete to prepare wall materials of foamed glass and foamed ceramic lamps. The fly ash discharged from the top of the entrained flow gasifier has the combustible content lower than 2 percent and can be recycled, the fly ash is carried by the synthesis gas and separated in the bag-type dust remover to enter an ash bucket, and the fly ash in the ash bucket is dry and can be directly transported to cement and ceramic processing plants after being sealed.
Claims (5)
1. An Ender grading gasification system for dry-type clean treatment of fly ash is characterized by comprising a first coal storage bin (4), a first Ender gasification furnace (3), a cyclone dust collector (7), a first ash bucket (8), a first waste heat boiler (9), a first multi-stage cloth bag dust collector (10), a second ash bucket (18), a second coal storage bin (14), a second Ender gasification furnace (15), an entrained flow gasification furnace (12), a second waste heat boiler (16) and a second multi-stage cloth bag dust collector (17),
an outlet of the first coal storage bin (4) is communicated with an inlet of the first Ender gasification furnace (3), the top of the first Ender gasification furnace (3) is communicated with a cyclone dust collector (7), a first ash bucket (8) is arranged at the lower part of the cyclone dust collector (7), the top of the cyclone dust collector (7) is communicated with a first waste heat boiler (9), an outlet of the first waste heat boiler (9) is connected with a first multi-stage bag-type dust collector (10), a second ash bucket (18) is arranged at the lower part of the first multi-stage bag-type dust collector (10),
the first ash bucket (8) and the second ash bucket (18) are communicated with a second coal storage bin (14) through a fly ash channel (11), fly ash enters the second coal storage bin (14) through the fly ash channel (11) to be mixed with crushed coal, an outlet of the second coal storage bin (14) is communicated with an inlet of a second Ender gasification furnace (15), the top of the second Ender gasification furnace (15) is communicated with an entrained flow bed gasification furnace (12), the top of the entrained flow bed gasification furnace (12) is communicated with a second waste heat boiler (16), an outlet of the second waste heat boiler (16) is connected with a second multi-stage cloth bag dust remover (17),
the lower part of the first Ender gasifier (3) is provided with a first Ender gasifier burner (6), the lower part of the second Ender gasifier (15) is provided with a second Ender gasifier burner (20), and the lower part of the entrained flow gasifier (12) is provided with an entrained flow gasifier burner (13).
2. An Ender staged gasification system for dry cleaning treatment of fly ash according to claim 1, wherein the first coal storage bunker (4) is further provided with a first coal feeding bunker (1) and a first screw coal feeder (2), and the first coal feeding bunker (1) is connected with the first coal storage bunker (4) through the first screw coal feeder (2).
3. An Ender staged gasification system for dry cleaning of fly ash according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second coal storage bunker (14) is further provided with a second coal feeding bunker (21) and a second screw coal feeder (22), and the second coal feeding bunker (21) is connected with the second coal storage bunker (14) through the second screw coal feeder (22).
4. An End staged gasification system for dry cleaning treatment of fly ash according to claim 3, characterized in that the outlet of the first coal storage bin (4) is communicated with the inlet of the first End gasification furnace (3) through the first screw feeder (5).
5. An Ender staged gasification system for dry cleaning treatment of fly ash according to claim 4, wherein the outlet of the second coal storage bin (14) is communicated with the inlet of the second Ender gasification furnace (15) through the second screw feeder (19).
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| US11834617B2 (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2023-12-05 | Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute | Fly ash recycling gasification furnace |
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| CN102226107A (en) * | 2011-05-26 | 2011-10-26 | 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所 | Technology and equipment for preparation of synthetic gas by two-stage high temperature biomass gasification |
| CN102277200A (en) * | 2011-07-05 | 2011-12-14 | 舒克孝 | Method for preparing coal gas by virtue of pulverized coal grading gasification |
| CN106118750A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2016-11-16 | 安徽科达洁能股份有限公司 | Step combination cot gasification system |
| CN107418634B (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2023-05-16 | 中科清能燃气技术（北京）有限公司 | Multistage cooling and dedusting process and device for circulating fluidized bed coal gasification |
| CN208762459U (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2019-04-19 | 上海正申建设工程有限公司 | A kind of fluid bed powder coal gasification device of flying dust zero-emission |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4099933A (en) * | 1973-06-01 | 1978-07-11 | Hydrocarbon Research, Inc. | Process for the multiple zone gasification of coal |
| CN208776672U (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2019-04-23 | 安徽科达洁能股份有限公司 | A kind of manifold type gasification system |
Cited By (1)
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| US11834617B2 (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2023-12-05 | Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute | Fly ash recycling gasification furnace |
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