CN110484272B - Composite heavy metal passivator containing salt algae peels and use method thereof - Google Patents
Composite heavy metal passivator containing salt algae peels and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110484272B CN110484272B CN201910850151.9A CN201910850151A CN110484272B CN 110484272 B CN110484272 B CN 110484272B CN 201910850151 A CN201910850151 A CN 201910850151A CN 110484272 B CN110484272 B CN 110484272B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
Abstract
The invention discloses a saliferous algal turf composite heavy metal passivator and a using method thereof, wherein the soil heavy metal passivator is prepared by uniformly mixing saliferous algal turf particles, attapulgite and polyacrylamide according to the weight ratio of 500-1000 kg, 250-500 kg and 5-10 kg of dosage per mu of farmland. Wherein the main ingredient is salt algae peel granules obtained by drying, crushing and sieving salt algae peel; the auxiliary material components are natural mineral substance attapulgite and high molecular polymer polyacrylamide. The application method is that the fertilizer is applied together with base fertilizer in combination with field soil preparation before crop planting, and the dosage per mu is 1005-1510 kilograms. The saliferous algae bark composite heavy metal passivator can obviously promote the increase of crop yield, can obviously reduce the absorption of heavy metals such as Cd, Pb and the like by crops, and is particularly suitable for safe utilization of acid heavy metal polluted farmlands in red and yellow soil areas in south China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a saliferous algae bark composite heavy metal passivator and a use method thereof.
Background
The treatment of heavy metal pollution in soil mainly has two ways, one is to remove heavy metal from polluted soil; and secondly, the existing form of the heavy metal in the soil is changed, and the migration capability and the bioavailability of the heavy metal in the environment are reduced. The former representative measures include engineering measures and plant restoration measures, but the engineering measures have high cost, destroy the natural characters of soil, have low biomass of plant restoration targets, long restoration period and difficult subsequent treatment of plants, so that the plant restoration measures are limited by different degrees in the actual application process. The latter typical measures such as in-situ chemical passivation repair measures are that one or more substances are added into the heavy metal contaminated soil, and a series of reactions such as adsorption, precipitation, ion exchange, oxidation reduction and the like occur to change the chemical form and occurrence state of heavy metals in the soil and reduce the mobility and bioavailability of the heavy metals in the soil, so that the toxicity of the heavy metals to soil organisms and the migration and accumulation of the heavy metals in agricultural products are reduced. The in-situ chemical passivation restoration technology is suitable for the treatment of large-area farmland pollution due to lower cost, simple operation and quick response, and is increasingly widely concerned by environmental workers.
At present, the in-situ passivation restoration agent for heavy metal contaminated soil mainly comprises a calcium-silicon substance, a phosphorus-containing material, an organic material, a clay mineral, a metal oxide, biochar, a novel material and the like. However, the activity of passivating heavy metals in soil by using salt algae peel as a main raw material has not been reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a saliferous algae bark composite heavy metal passivator and application thereof aiming at the defects of the prior art. The soil heavy metal passivator of the invention can not only obviously increase the crop yield, but also obviously reduce the absorption of heavy metals Cd and Pb by crops, and is especially suitable for safe utilization of acid heavy metal polluted farmlands in red and yellow soil areas in south China.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that the method comprises the following specific operation steps:
a saliferous algae bark composite heavy metal passivator: consists of dunaliella salina peel particles, attapulgite and polyacrylamide.
Further, the weight ratio of the dunaliella salina peel particles, the attapulgite and the polyacrylamide is 500-1000: 250-500: 5-10, and uniformly mixing the three components according to the proportion to obtain the soil heavy metal passivator.
Further, the preparation method of the salt algae skin particles comprises the following steps: the salt algae skin which is leftover from salt pan production is dried in the sun, crushed and sieved by a sieve with the aperture of 2 mm to prepare the salt algae skin particles.
Further, the attapulgite is solid powder which is sieved by a 800-mesh sieve; the polyacrylamide is solid particles with the particle size of 2 mm.
Preferably, the soil heavy metal passivator of the invention has the following action objects: the south red and yellow soil area pollutes farmland soil with acid heavy metals.
The application of the saliferous algae peel composite heavy metal passivator comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that field soil preparation and base fertilizer are combined to be applied together before crop planting, so that the applied soil heavy metal passivator and soil particles of a field plough layer are fully and uniformly mixed, and the dosage per mu is 1005-1510 kilograms.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the main material of the invention is the waste material-salt algae peel left after salt preparation in the salt pan, on one hand, the problems of land occupation, environmental pollution and the like caused by accumulation of a large amount of waste salt algae peel around the salt pan are solved; on the other hand, the method solves the problem of safe utilization of acid heavy metal polluted farmlands in southern red and yellow soil areas, remarkably improves the yield and quality of crops, and has obvious ecological, economic and social benefits.
(2) The dunaliella salina peel particles, the attapulgite and the polyacrylamide are fully and uniformly mixed according to a certain weight component, and are applied together with the base fertilizer in combination with field preparation before crop planting, so that the increase of crop yield can be obviously promoted, and the absorption of heavy metals Cd and Pb by crops can be obviously reduced; through pot experiments of continuously planting 3 crops of vegetables (water spinach, amaranth and Shanghai green), the results show that the application of the saliferous algae peel heavy metal passivator (1256 kg/mu) can respectively increase the yield of continuously planting three crops of vegetables (water spinach, amaranth and Shanghai green) by 36.2%, 266.0% and 1067.3% on the basis of single fertilizer application; the contents of Cd, Pb and heavy metals in edible parts of three crops of vegetables can be respectively reduced by 38.0%, 83.7% and 84.9%, 42.5%, 78.3% and 91.3%, and the effects of increasing yield and reducing heavy metal content of vegetables are achieved.
(3) The invention provides a soil heavy metal passivator product with the effects of low price, simple and convenient use, obvious yield increase, reduction of heavy metal content of agricultural products and the like, and aims at the problem of safe production of agricultural products in farmland polluted by acidic light and medium heavy metals in red and yellow soil regions in south China.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Examples
And (3) experimental design:
the test is arranged in a simulation net room potted by soil fertilizer institute of rural institute of Fujian province. By adopting a soil culture pot experiment method, the soil to be tested is taken from the surface soil layer of rice around a certain coal mine in Taihua town small village in the field county of Sanming City, Fujian province, the soil type is yellow muddy field rice soil, and the soil fertility is medium. The total cadmium content of the soil is 0.65 mg/kg, and the total lead content is 87.3 mg/kg. The specification of the plastic pot to be tested is as follows: the inner upper diameter is 21.5 cm, the inner lower diameter is 14.5 cm, the height is 17.0 cm, and each pot is filled with 4 kg of air-dried soil sample (sieved by a 0.5 cm sieve). The experiment designed 6 treatments, namely: 1) does not need to be fertilized(control); 2) fertilizer (666.7 m each)2Purifying N12 kg, P2O54.8 kg、K2O6.0 kg, the same below); 3) fertilizer and salt algae peel (750 kg/666.7 m)2) (ii) a 4) Fertilizer and attapulgite (500 kg/666.7 m)2) (ii) a 5) Fertilizer + polyacrylamide (6 kg/666.7 m)2) (ii) a 6) Chemical fertilizer and dunaliella salina bark composite heavy metal passivator (namely, dunaliella salina bark 750 kg/666.7 m)2+ Attapulgite 500 kg/666.7m2+ Polyacrylamide 6 kg/666.7m2) (ii) a Expressed as NF, CF + S, CF + A, CF + P, CF + SAP, respectively. Each treatment was repeated 4 times. The varieties of the tested crops are as follows: 1 st row of water spinach (Thailand double-axe brand), sowing in 2017 in 5 months and 10 days, and harvesting in 8 months and 3 days; the 2 nd crop of amaranth (strictly selected red round leaf, Shantoujin Korea company), sowing in 2017 in 9 months and 21 days, and harvesting in 2018 in 1 month and 16 days; the 3 rd harvest of Shanghai green (stem vegetable of Sijiqing, first generation mating, Fuzhou, produced by Fuzhou Gaoyou Co., Ltd.) was carried out in 2018, 4 and 28 days, and 7 and 19 days. The tested fertilizers and passivating agents were as follows: urea (containing N46%), monoammonium phosphate (containing N10%, containing P)2O550 percent of potassium chloride (containing K)2O60%); the dunaliella salina peel is collected from a Putian salt field in Fujian province and is the leftovers of edible salt production; the attapulgite (800 meshes) is provided by Shenzhen Shanghai powder science and technology Limited; polyacrylamide (PAM) is produced and provided for the chemical industry of Ning-dune City in Hebei province. All the fertilizers and the soil heavy metal passivator are uniformly mixed with soil at one time and are potted to be used as base fertilizers. Except that the chemical fertilizer and the soil heavy metal passivator applied according to the experimental design are different, other daily management is completely consistent.
And (3) test results:
(1) influence of saliferous algae bark composite heavy metal passivator on vegetable yield
The test results (table 1) show that: on the basis of single fertilizer application, the yield of continuously planted 3 crops of vegetables can be improved to a certain extent by applying a plurality of different soil heavy metal passivator varieties, and the yields of three crops of vegetables can be respectively increased by 2.1% -36.2%, 70.9% -266.0% and 361.9% -1067.3%. However, the effect of applying the saliferous algal bark composite heavy metal passivator (CF + SAP) is best for increasing the yield of vegetables, and compared with the single-application Chemical Fertilizer (CF) treatment, the effects of increasing the yields of three crops of vegetables by 36.2 percent, 266.0 percent and 1067.3 percent respectively can be achieved; the application of the salt algae peel treatment (CF + S) has the secondary effect of increasing the yield of the vegetables, and the yield of the three-crop vegetables can be increased by 27.9%, 167.8% and 970.0% respectively compared with the single-application of the fertilizer (CF). While the yield of vegetables treated with No Fertilizer (NF) and single fertilizer (CF) showed a reduction of stubble.
TABLE 1 influence of composite heavy metal passivator containing salt algae peel on yield of 3-crop vegetables planted continuously
(2) Influence of saliferous algae bark composite heavy metal passivator on heavy metal content of vegetables
TABLE 2 influence of the composite heavy metal passivator containing salt algae peel on the content of heavy metal Cd in edible parts of vegetables
The test results (table 2, table 3) show that: on the basis of single fertilizer application, the application of several different soil heavy metal passivators can reduce the content of heavy metals Cd and Pb in edible parts of the continuously planted 3 crops of vegetables to a certain extent, and approximately shows the trend that the reduction range is larger along with the increase of the number of the planted crops of the vegetables.
1) Effect on reduction of metal Cd content of vegetable body weight (table 2): compared with single fertilizer application (CF), the application of several soil heavy metal passivators can reduce the content of Cd in the heavy metal of three-crop vegetables by 21.9-38.0%, 14.0-83.7% and 31.2-84.9%, respectively. The application of the saliferous algae bark composite heavy metal passivator (CF + SAP) has the best effect on reducing the content of heavy metal Cd in edible parts of vegetables, and compared with the treatment of applying Chemical Fertilizer (CF) only, the application of the saliferous algae bark composite heavy metal passivator (CF + SAP) can reduce the content of heavy metal Cd in edible parts of three crops of vegetables by 38.0 percent, 83.7 percent and 84.9 percent respectively; the effect of applying the attapulgite (CF + A) on reducing the content of heavy metal Cd in edible parts of the vegetables is inferior, and compared with the treatment of applying the Chemical Fertilizer (CF) only, the effects of applying the attapulgite (CF + A) on reducing the content of heavy metal Cd in the edible parts of the vegetables can reduce the content of heavy metal Cd in the edible parts of three crops of vegetables by 34.2 percent, 70.7 percent and 80.0 percent respectively. The weight metal Cd content of the vegetables treated without applying the fertilizer (NF) is highest, and the weight metal Cd content of the vegetables treated with the fertilizer (CF) is second.
2) Effect on reduction of Pb content of vegetable body weight metal (table 3): compared with single fertilizer application (CF), the application of several soil heavy metal passivators can respectively reduce the weight metal Pb content of three crops of vegetables by 6.8-42.5%, 19.3-78.3% and 77.1-91.3%. The application of the saliferous algae bark composite heavy metal passivator (CF + SAP) has the best effect on reducing the heavy metal Pb content of edible parts of the vegetables, and compared with the treatment of applying the Chemical Fertilizer (CF) singly, the saliferous algae bark composite heavy metal passivator can reduce the heavy metal Pb content of the edible parts of three batches of vegetables by 42.5 percent, 78.3 percent and 91.3 percent respectively. The weight metal Pb content of the vegetables treated by No Fertilizer (NF) is the highest, and the weight metal Pb content of the vegetables treated by single fertilizer (CF) is the second highest.
TABLE 3 influence of different heavy metal deactivator treatment on heavy metal Pb absorption of edible part of continuously planted 3 crops of vegetables
In summary, on the basis of single fertilizer application, the application of the saliferous algal turf composite heavy metal passivator (CF + SAP) can respectively increase the yield of three continuously planted vegetables (water spinach, amaranth and Shanghai green) by 36.2%, 266.0% and 1067.3%; the content of heavy metal Cd in the edible part of the three-crop vegetables can be respectively reduced by 38.0 percent, 83.7 percent and 84.9 percent; and respectively reducing the heavy metal Pb content of edible parts of the three crops of vegetables by 42.5 percent, 78.3 percent and 91.3 percent, and obtaining the best effects of increasing the yield and reducing the heavy metal content.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The application of the composite heavy metal passivator containing the dunaliella salina peels in improving the crop yield is characterized in that the composite heavy metal passivator containing the dunaliella salina peels comprises the components of dunaliella salina peel particles, attapulgite and polyacrylamide; the weight ratio of the dunaliella salina peel particles to the attapulgite to the polyacrylamide is 500-1000: 250-500: 5-10; the preparation method of the salt algae skin particles comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) drying, crushing and sieving brine alga skin which is leftovers produced in a salt pan by a sieve with the aperture of 2 mm to prepare brine alga skin particles; the heavy metal passivator is applied together with a base fertilizer in combination with field soil preparation before crop planting, and the dosage per mu is 1005-1510 kg.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the attapulgite is in the form of powder particles and is sieved through an 800 mesh sieve; the polyacrylamide is solid particles, and the particle size of the polyacrylamide is 2 mm.
3. The use of claim 1, wherein the crop is planted in soil from southern red and yellow soil areas in acidic farmland.
4. The application of the composite heavy metal passivator containing the dunaliella salina peel in reducing the absorption of heavy metals Pb of crops is characterized in that the composite heavy metal passivator containing the dunaliella salina peel comprises the components of dunaliella salina peel particles, attapulgite and polyacrylamide; the weight ratio of the dunaliella salina peel particles to the attapulgite to the polyacrylamide is 500-1000: 250-500: 5-10; the preparation method of the salt algae skin particles comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) drying, crushing and sieving brine alga skin which is leftovers produced in a salt pan by a sieve with the aperture of 2 mm to prepare brine alga skin particles; the heavy metal passivator is applied together with a base fertilizer in combination with field soil preparation before crop planting, and the dosage per mu is 1005-1510 kg.
5. The use according to claim 4, wherein the attapulgite is in the form of powder particles and is sieved through an 800 mesh sieve; the polyacrylamide is solid particles, and the particle size of the polyacrylamide is 2 mm.
6. The use of claim 4, wherein the crop is planted in soil from southern red and yellow soil areas in acidic farmland.
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