CN110484214B - Shaped MOF-based composite phase change material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Shaped MOF-based composite phase change material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN110484214B
CN110484214B CN201910762614.6A CN201910762614A CN110484214B CN 110484214 B CN110484214 B CN 110484214B CN 201910762614 A CN201910762614 A CN 201910762614A CN 110484214 B CN110484214 B CN 110484214B
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mof
acid
mother liquor
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foam metal
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CN110484214A (en
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王戈
唐兆第
高鸿毅
董文钧
高志猛
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Suzhou Ronggejun New Material Co ltd
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Suzhou Adewangsi New Materials Co ltd
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Abstract

The embodiment of the invention relates to a shaped MOF-based composite phase change material, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method takes a formed MOF substrate as a nucleation site, adds ligands and metal ions, and can overcome the defect that MOF is not easy to form as a phase change material carrier by growing MOF on foam metal; in the preparation method, foam metal is used as one part of the shaped MOF-based composite phase-change material and is used for enhancing the thermal conductivity of the composite phase-change material; and the preparation method has wide application, the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, and the method is suitable for industrial production.

Description

Shaped MOF-based composite phase change material and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of composite phase change materials, in particular to a shaped MOF-based composite phase change material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In the face of increasingly serious energy crisis and environmental crisis, it is important to develop efficient energy storage and conversion technology, and composite phase change materials are attracting more and more attention in solving energy supply and transportation and energy conversion. The composite phase change material has been developed in innovative applications such as photothermal conversion, electrothermal conversion, magnetocaloric conversion, and thermal treatment, in addition to the conventional applications such as energy input and output by absorbing and releasing a large amount of heat during the phase change process.
But the phase-change material has the problem of leakage in the phase-change process, and in order to solve the leakage problem, phase-change carriers such as silicon dioxide molecular sieves, kaolin and the like are used for preparing the shaped composite phase-change material. The Metal Organic Framework (MOF) is a novel porous organic framework which plays a significant role in the fields of catalysis, energy storage, gas separation and the like, and the MOF can be used as an ideal carrier to load a phase-change material due to the three-dimensional ordered intercommunicating structure, adjustable pore size, modifiable pore canal, ultrahigh porosity and overlarge specific surface area.
However, the properties of MOFs such as being easily powdered, not easily shaped, and having low thermal conductivity greatly limit their application in phase change materials. Although the thermal conductivity of the composite phase change material can be improved by adding heat conduction materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes into the MOF, the powdery structure of the composite phase change material cannot be changed, and the cost for adding the heat conduction materials is high. Therefore, the synthesis of MOF-based composite phase change materials with regular shapes and the improvement of the thermal conductivity of MOF-based composite phase change materials at low cost are in urgent need of breakthrough.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Object of the Invention
The invention aims to provide a shaped MOF-based composite phase change material, and a preparation method and application thereof. The shaped MOF-based composite phase change material obtained by the preparation method has a specified shape and high thermal conductivity.
Solution scheme
A preparation method of a shaped MOF-based composite phase change material comprises the following steps:
dissolving organic ligand, soluble metal salt and necessary additive in solvent to obtain MOF reaction liquid; then reacting the MOF reaction liquid, separating, washing and drying a reaction product to obtain an MOF matrix, and dissolving the MOF matrix in a solvent to obtain an MOF mother liquor for later use;
preheating foam metal and keeping the temperature, taking the foam metal as a substrate for MOF growth, dropwise adding a prepared MOF mother solution to cover the surface of the foam metal, evaporating a solvent of the MOF mother solution, and washing off the MOF which is not firmly combined by using an organic solvent to obtain a foam metal matrix; placing the obtained foam metal matrix into enough MOF growth solution with the same composition as the MOF reaction solution for reaction, and then washing and drying to obtain an MOF-based carrier;
dissolving an organic phase-change core material in a solvent to obtain an organic phase-change core material solution, putting an MOF-based carrier into the organic phase-change core material solution, and drying to obtain the MOF-based composite phase-change material.
In another possible implementation manner of the preparation method, the foam metal comprises one or more of nickel foam, aluminum foam or copper foam; optionally copper foam.
In another possible implementation manner of the preparation method, the foam metal matrix is placed in an MOF growth solution for reaction, so that the foam metal surface is completely covered by the MOF.
In another possible implementation manner of the above preparation method, the organic ligand includes: one or more of terephthalic acid, phthalic acid, trimesic acid, pyromellitic acid, mellitic acid, 2-sulfoterephthalic acid, 2-nitroterephthalic acid, 2-aminoterephthalic acid, 1':4',1 '-phenyl-4, 4' -dicarboxylic acid, 1 '-diphenyl-4, 4' -dicarboxylic acid and 2-methylimidazole.
In another possible implementation manner of the above preparation method, the soluble metal salt includes: one or more of chromium nitrate, chromium chloride, chromium sulfate, chromium acetate, zirconium nitrate, zirconium chloride, zirconium sulfate, zirconium acetate, copper nitrate, copper chloride, copper sulfate, copper acetate, zinc nitrate, zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, nickel nitrate, nickel chloride, nickel sulfate, nickel acetate, cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride, cobalt sulfate, cobalt acetate, ferric nitrate, ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, ferric acetate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, aluminum acetate, manganese nitrate, manganese chloride, manganese sulfate, manganese acetate, titanium nitrate, titanium chloride, and titanium sulfate.
In another possible implementation manner of the above preparation method, the additive comprises: one or more of hydrofluoric acid, sodium hydroxide, formic acid, acetic acid, benzoic acid, polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide triblock copolymer, phloroglucinol/formaldehyde and triblock copolymer, triethylamine and methanol.
In another possible implementation manner of the above preparation method, the organic phase-change core material includes: one or more of octadecanol, octadecane, octadecanoic acid, paraffin, polyethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, neopentyl glycol, tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane and trimethylolpropane.
In another possible implementation manner of the preparation method, the prepared MOF mother liquor is dripped to cover the surface of the foamed metal, then the solvent of the MOF mother liquor is evaporated, and the MOF which is not firmly combined is washed away by using an organic solvent, so that the foamed metal matrix is obtained by the steps of: and (3) dropwise adding the prepared MOF mother liquor until the MOF mother liquor completely covers the surface of the foam metal, then completely evaporating the solvent of the MOF mother liquor, repeatedly dropwise adding the MOF mother liquor and the solvent evaporation process for many times, washing off the MOF which is not firmly combined by using an organic solvent, and repeatedly adding the MOF mother liquor, the solvent evaporation and the organic solvent washing process for many times until the foam metal matrix with the foam metal surface completely covered by the MOF is obtained.
In another possible implementation manner of the preparation method, the mass ratio of the MOF-based carrier to the organic phase-change core material in the organic phase-change core material solution is 5: 3-10; optionally the mass ratio of MOF-based support to PEG2000 is 5: 4.
In another possible implementation manner of the preparation method, when the MOF mother liquor is prepared, the solvent is water, and the molar ratio of the MOF matrix to the water is 1: 10-40 parts of; optionally 1: 20-30 parts of; further optionally 1: 25.
in another possible implementation of the above preparation method, the temperature of the preheated foam metal is 95-105 ℃.
In another possible implementation manner of the preparation method, the temperature for carrying out the reaction of the MOF reaction liquid is 25-100 ℃.
In another possible implementation mode of the preparation method, the temperature for placing the obtained foam metal matrix into the MOF growth solution for reaction is 25-100 ℃.
In another possible implementation manner, the foam metal is treated before being preheated for use, and the treatment comprises the following steps: cleaning and drying the foam metal to obtain a substrate on which the MOF can grow; optionally, the cleaning is ultrasonic cleaning by sequentially immersing in acetone, methanol and deionized water.
The invention also provides the shaped MOF-based composite phase change material obtained by the preparation method.
A shaped MOF-based composite phase change material, comprising an MOF-based carrier and an organic phase change core material loaded on the MOF-based carrier, wherein: the MOF-based carrier comprises a foam metal and MOF covered on the surface of the foam metal.
The shaped MOF-based composite phase change material is characterized in that the foam metal comprises one or more of foam nickel, foam aluminum or foam copper; optionally copper foam.
Above-mentioned design MOF base composite phase change material, organic phase change core includes: one or more of octadecanol, octadecane, octadecanoic acid, paraffin, polyethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, neopentyl glycol, tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane and trimethylolpropane.
The MOF comprises Cu-BTC and Cr-MIL-101-NH2One or more of MOF-5, UIO-66, Al-MIL-53 and ZIF-67.
In the shaped MOF-based composite phase-change material, the surface of the foam metal in the MOF-based carrier is completely covered by the MOF.
The shaped MOF-based composite phase change material is applied to energy storage and release.
Advantageous effects
1) The invention develops a simple and convenient preparation method of the shaped MOF-based composite phase change material; according to the preparation method, the formed MOF substrate is used as a nucleation site, the ligand and the metal ions are added, the defect that the MOF serving as a phase change material carrier is not easy to form can be overcome through a mode of growing the MOF on the foam metal, and the shape and the size of the foam metal are controlled, so that the MOF-based composite phase change material has the shape and the size of the foam metal; in the preparation method, the foam metal is used as one part of the shaped MOF-based composite phase-change material and is used for enhancing the thermal conductivity of the composite phase-change material, and the foam metal has higher thermal conductivity, so that the thermal conductivity of the composite phase-change material can be enhanced; and the preparation method has wide application, the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, and the method is suitable for industrial production.
2) According to the preparation method, the problem of low thermal conductivity of the shaped MOF-based composite phase change material can be solved more effectively by selecting foamed nickel, foamed aluminum and foamed copper; furthermore, compared with foamed nickel and foamed aluminum, the foamed copper has the advantages of lower cost and better heat conduction performance, and has better heat transmission capability when being used as a base material of a phase change material.
3) In the preparation method, the content of the phase-change material packaged by the MOF-based carrier is determined, so that the packaged phase-change core material has no leakage.
4) The shaped MOF-based composite phase-change material has a specified shape, high thermal conductivity and no leakage of a phase-change core material.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) curve of a shaped MOF-based composite phase change material obtained in example 1 of the present invention, wherein: the upper line represents the heat release curve of the composite phase change material, and the lower line represents the heat absorption curve of the composite phase change material;
FIG. 2 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image at a scale of 2 microns of the shaped MOF-based composite phase change material obtained in example 1 of the present invention, which shows that the phase change material is successfully loaded in the carrier material;
fig. 3 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image at 20 micron scale of the shaped MOF-based composite phase change material obtained in example 1 of the present invention, which shows the successful loading of the phase change material into the support material.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Throughout the specification and claims, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the word "comprise", or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element or component but not the exclusion of any other element or component.
Furthermore, in the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details. In some embodiments, materials, elements, methods, means, and the like that are well known to those skilled in the art are not described in detail in order to not unnecessarily obscure the present invention.
In the present invention, the shape and size of the metal foam are not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can adjust the shape or the corresponding size according to the purpose and application requirements of the present invention.
In the present invention, the pore size of the metal foam is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select the pore size of the metal foam according to the purpose and application requirements of the present invention. The following examples illustrate the pore size of the copper foam only as an objective description of the selected copper foam, and a 500 mesh copper screen refers to a copper foam having an average pore size of 500 mesh.
In the present invention, the effect of the specific additive is embodied in the preparation and growth process of MOF, some MOFs need to be prepared and grown under certain conditions, such as alkaline conditions (for example, by providing sodium hydroxide in example 1) or acidic conditions (for example, by providing glacial acetic acid in example 3), and some MOFs do not need to be added, and the addition amount and the absence of the additive are determined according to the MOF to be prepared.
In the invention, the adding proportion of the organic ligand, the soluble metal salt and the specific additive is determined according to the MOF prepared.
In the present invention, the composition of the MOF reaction liquid is the same as the composition of the MOF growth liquid, including both the exact same in material value and a reasonable range of variation within the understanding of those skilled in the art, including: within + -3%, within + -1% or within + -0.5%.
In the invention, a simple mode can be adopted for judging whether the MOF growth solution is sufficient, namely: and placing the obtained foam metal matrix in an MOF growth solution for reaction, wherein MOF grows on the foam metal matrix, and redundant MOF also grows in the MOF growth solution.
Example 1
Cu-BTC based composite phase change material
1) Selecting a 500-mesh copper sieve with the volume of 2cm multiplied by 1mm, immersing the copper sieve in acetone, methanol and deionized water respectively in turn, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min, wherein the copper sieve is dried in a blast oven at 60 ℃ each time to obtain a substrate for Cu-BTC growth;
2) fully dissolving 7.021g of copper nitrate and 3.063g of trimesic acid in a mixed solution of 25mL of water and 25mL of ethanol, vigorously stirring for 30min at room temperature to obtain a uniform solution, then transferring the uniform solution into a reaction kettle, placing the reaction kettle into an oven to react for 15h at 95 ℃, centrifugally washing a reaction product, placing the reaction product into the oven to dry for 8h at 80 ℃ to obtain Cu-BTC, and dissolving the dried Cu-BTC in water to obtain Cu-BTC mother liquor, wherein the molar ratio of the dried Cu-BTC powder to the water is 1: 25.
3) preheating the copper sieve in the step 1) at 100 ℃ for 10min, dropwise adding the Cu-BTC mother liquor prepared in the step 2) to the surface of the copper sieve at the temperature until the whole surface is completely covered, continuously drying at the temperature for 15min to remove the solvent in the Cu-BTC mother liquor, repeating three cycles of mother liquor dropwise adding and solvent removing processes, washing the sample with ethanol and performing ultrasonic treatment for 1min, and repeating four cycles of mother liquor dropwise adding, solvent removing and ultrasonic washing until the surface of the copper sieve is completely covered with Cu-BTC. And (2) putting the prepared copper sieve substrate into a mixed solution of 25mL of water and 25mL of ethanol containing 7.021g of copper nitrate and 3.063g of trimesic acid, transferring the mixed solution into a reaction kettle, putting the reaction kettle into an oven, reacting for 15h at 95 ℃, slowly cooling to room temperature, washing, and drying for 24h at 80 ℃ to obtain the final Cu-BTC-based carrier for loading the organic phase change material.
4) Dissolving 0.5g of PEG2000 in 50mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, heating and stirring at 60 ℃ until the PEG2000 is completely dissolved, putting 0.4g of Cu-BTC-based carrier in the step 3) into the solution, and then putting the solution into an oven to dry for 8 hours at 80 ℃ to finally obtain the Cu-BTC-based composite phase-change material.
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) curve, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image at 2 micrometer scale, and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image at 2 micrometer scale of the Cu-BTC-based composite phase change material obtained in example 1 are respectively shown in fig. 1 to fig. 3. As shown in fig. 1, the composite phase change material releases heat at lower temperatures, e.g., 20-40 ℃, and absorbs heat at higher temperatures, e.g., 50-70 ℃, indicating successful loading of the phase change material in the carrier material. Furthermore, it can be seen visually from fig. 2 to 3 that the phase change material is successfully loaded in the carrier material.
Example 2
Cr-MIL-101-NH2Base composite phase change material
1) Selecting a 500-mesh copper sieve with the volume of 2cm multiplied by 1mm, immersing the copper sieve in acetone, methanol and deionized water respectively in turn, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min, and drying in a blast oven at 60 ℃ each time to obtain Cr-MIL-101-NH2A substrate for growth;
2) fully dissolving 3.2g of 2-amino terephthalic acid and 3.2g of chromium nitrate nonahydrate in 60mL of deionized water, adding 0.8g of sodium hydroxide, then violently stirring for 30min at room temperature to obtain a uniform solution, then transferring the uniform solution into a reaction kettle, placing the reaction kettle into an oven to react for 12h at 150 ℃, centrifugally washing a reaction product, and placing the reaction product into the oven to dry for 8h at 80 ℃ to obtain Cr-MIL-101-NH2Drying the Cr-MIL-101-NH2Dissolving in water to obtain Cr-MIL-101-NH2Mother liquor, wherein dried Cr-MIL-101-NH2The molar ratio of powder to water is 1: 25.
3) preheating the copper sieve in the step 1) at 100 ℃ for 10min, and at the temperature, preheating the Cr-MIL-101-NH prepared in the step 2)2Dropwise adding the mother solution on the surface of the copper sieve until the whole surface is completely covered, and continuously drying at the temperature for 15min to remove Cr-MIL-101-NH2Repeating the process of dropping and removing the solvent in the mother liquor for three times, washing the sample with ethanol and performing ultrasonic treatment for 1min, and repeating the whole process of dropping, removing the solvent and performing ultrasonic treatment for four times until the surface of the copper sieve is completely coated with Cr-MIL-101-NH2And (6) covering. Copper prepared by the above methodPutting a sieve substrate into 100mL of uniform deionized water solution containing 5.3g of 2-amino terephthalic acid, 5.3g of chromium nitrate nonahydrate and 1.3g of sodium hydroxide, transferring the solution into a reaction kettle, putting the reaction kettle into an oven to react for 12h at 150 ℃, slowly cooling the reaction kettle to room temperature, washing the reaction kettle, and drying the reaction kettle for 48h at 60 ℃ to obtain the final Cr-MIL-101-NH for loading the organic phase change material2A base carrier.
4) Dissolving 0.5g PEG2000 in 50mL absolute ethyl alcohol, heating and stirring at 60 ℃ until the PEG is completely dissolved, and dissolving 0.4g Cr-MIL-101-NH in the step 3)2Putting the base carrier into the solution, and then putting the solution into a drying oven to be dried for 8 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃ to finally obtain Cr-MIL-101-NH2A base composite phase change material.
Embodiment 3
MOF-5-based composite phase change material
1) Selecting a 500-mesh copper sieve with the volume of 2cm multiplied by 1mm, respectively immersing the copper sieve in acetone, methanol and deionized water in sequence, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min, wherein the copper sieve is dried in a blast oven at 60 ℃ each time to obtain a substrate for MOF-5 growth;
2) fully dissolving 0.69g of terephthalic acid and 3.41g of zinc nitrate hexahydrate in 100mL of DMF, vigorously stirring for 30min at room temperature to obtain a uniform solution, then transferring the uniform solution into a reaction kettle, putting the reaction kettle into an oven to react for 18h at 100 ℃, after centrifugally washing a reaction product, putting the reaction product into the oven to dry for 8h at 80 ℃ to obtain MOF-5, and dissolving the dried MOF-5 in water to obtain MOF-5 mother liquor, wherein the molar ratio of the dried MOF-5 powder to the water is 1: 25.
3) preheating the copper sieve treated in the step 1) at 100 ℃ for 10min, dropwise adding the MOF-5 mother liquor prepared in the step 2) to the surface of the copper sieve at the temperature until the whole surface is completely covered, continuously drying at the temperature for 15min to remove the solvent in the MOF-5 mother liquor, repeating three rounds of mother liquor dropwise adding and solvent removing processes, washing the sample with ethanol and performing ultrasonic treatment for 1min, and repeating four rounds of mother liquor dropwise adding, solvent removing and ultrasonic washing until the surface of the copper sieve is completely covered with the MOF-5. And (2) putting the prepared copper sieve matrix into 100mL of uniform DMF solution containing 0.69g of terephthalic acid and 3.41g of zinc nitrate hexahydrate, transferring the solution into a reaction kettle, putting the reaction kettle into an oven to react for 18h at 100 ℃, slowly cooling the reaction kettle to room temperature, washing the reaction kettle, and drying the reaction kettle for 48h at 80 ℃ to obtain the final MOF-5-based carrier for loading the organic phase change material.
4) Dissolving 0.5g of PEG2000 in 50mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, heating and stirring at 60 ℃ until complete dissolution, putting 0.4g of MOF-5-based carrier in the step 3) into the solution, and then putting the solution into an oven to dry for 8 hours at 80 ℃ to finally obtain the MOF-5-based composite phase change material.
Example 4
UIO-66 based composite phase change material
1) Selecting a 500-mesh copper sieve with the volume of 2cm multiplied by 1mm, immersing the copper sieve in acetone, methanol and deionized water respectively in turn, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min, wherein the copper sieve is dried in a blast oven at 60 ℃ each time to obtain a substrate for UIO-66 growth;
2) 2.85mL of glacial acetic acid and 0.4g of ZrCl4Fully dissolving in 75mL of DMF, dissolving 0.285g of terephthalic acid in 25mL of DMF, vigorously stirring for 30min at room temperature respectively to obtain uniform solutions, mixing the solutions, transferring the mixed solutions into a reaction kettle, putting the reaction kettle into an oven to react for 24h at 120 ℃, centrifugally washing a reaction product, putting the reaction product into a vacuum drying oven to dry for 24h at 80 ℃ to obtain UIO-66, and dissolving the dried UIO-66 in water to obtain a UIO-66 mother solution, wherein the molar ratio of the dried UIO-66 powder to the water is 1: 25.
3) preheating the copper sieve treated in the step 1) at 100 ℃ for 10min, dropwise adding the UIO-66 mother liquor prepared in the step 2) to the surface of the copper sieve at the temperature until the whole surface is completely covered, continuously drying at the temperature for 15min to remove the solvent in the UIO-66 mother liquor, repeating the processes of three rounds of mother liquor dropwise adding and solvent removing, washing the sample with ethanol and performing ultrasonic treatment for 1min, and repeating the whole processes of four rounds of mother liquor dropwise adding, solvent removing and ultrasonic washing until the surface of the copper sieve is completely covered with the UIO-66. The copper sieve substrate prepared above was charged with a solution containing 11.4mL of glacial acetic acid, 1.14g of terephthalic acid, and 1.6g of ZrCl4Is added into a reaction kettle and is put into an oven to react for 24 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃, then is slowly cooled to the room temperature, is washed and is dried for 24 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain the final UIO-66 base carrier for loading the organic phase change materialAnd (3) a body.
4) Dissolving 0.5g of PEG2000 in 50mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, heating and stirring at 60 ℃ until the PEG2000 is completely dissolved, putting 0.4g of UIO-66-based carrier in the step 3) into the solution, and then putting the solution into an oven to dry for 8 hours at 80 ℃ to finally obtain the UIO-66-based composite phase change material.
Example 5
Al-MIL-53-based composite phase change material
1) Selecting a 500-mesh copper sieve with the volume of 2cm multiplied by 1mm, immersing the copper sieve in acetone, methanol and deionized water respectively in turn, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min, wherein the copper sieve is dried in a blast oven at 60 ℃ each time to obtain a substrate for Al-MIL-53 growth;
2) fully dissolving 0.533g of terephthalic acid and 0.787g of aluminum nitrate nonahydrate in 50mL of DMF, adding 0.64g of poloxamer F127 as a surfactant, then violently stirring for 30min at room temperature to obtain a uniform solution, then transferring the uniform solution into a reaction kettle, putting the reaction kettle into an oven to react for 36h at 120 ℃, centrifugally washing a reaction product, putting the reaction product into the oven to dry for 12h at 70 ℃ to obtain Al-MIL-53, and dissolving the dried Al-MIL-53 in water to obtain an Al-MIL-53 mother solution, wherein the molar ratio of the dried Al-MIL-53 powder to the water is 1: 25.
3) preheating the copper sieve treated in the step 1) at 100 ℃ for 10min, dropwise adding the Al-MIL-53 mother liquor prepared in the step 2) to the surface of the copper sieve at the temperature until the whole surface is completely covered, continuously drying at the temperature for 15min to remove the solvent in the Al-MIL-53 mother liquor, repeating three cycles of mother liquor dropping and solvent removing processes, washing the sample with ethanol and performing ultrasonic treatment for 1min, and repeating the whole processes of four cycles of mother liquor dropping, solvent removing and ultrasonic washing until the surface of the copper sieve is completely covered with Al-MIL-53. And (2) putting the prepared copper sieve substrate into 100mL of uniform DMF solution containing 1.28g of poloxamer F127 as a surfactant, 1.066g of terephthalic acid and 1.574g of aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, transferring the solution into a reaction kettle, putting the reaction kettle into an oven to react for 36h at 120 ℃, then slowly cooling to room temperature, washing, and drying for 12h at 70 ℃ to obtain the final Al-MIL-53-based carrier for loading the organic phase change material.
4) Dissolving 0.5g of PEG2000 in 50mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, heating and stirring at 60 ℃ until the PEG2000 is completely dissolved, putting 0.4g of Al-MIL-53-based carrier in the step 3) into the solution, and then putting the solution into an oven to dry for 8 hours at 80 ℃ to finally obtain the Al-MIL-53-based composite phase-change material.
Example 6
ZIF-67-based composite phase change material
1) Selecting a 500-mesh copper sieve with the volume of 2cm multiplied by 1mm, immersing the copper sieve in acetone, methanol and deionized water respectively in sequence, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min, wherein the copper sieve is dried in a blast oven at 60 ℃ each time to obtain a substrate for ZIF-67 growth;
2) fully dissolving 3.284g of 2-methylimidazole and 3.321g of cobalt acetate tetrahydrate in 125mL of ethanol, vigorously stirring for 30min at room temperature to obtain a uniform solution, then transferring the uniform solution into a reaction kettle, placing the reaction kettle into an oven to react for 72h at 120 ℃, centrifugally washing a reaction product, placing the reaction product into the oven to dry for 8h at 150 ℃ to obtain ZIF-67, and dissolving the dried ZIF-67 in water to obtain a ZIF-67 mother solution, wherein the molar ratio of the dried ZIF-67 powder to the water is 1: 25.
3) preheating the copper sieve treated in the step 1) at 100 ℃ for 10min, dropwise adding the ZIF-67 mother liquor prepared in the step 2) to the surface of the copper sieve at the temperature until the whole surface is completely covered, continuously drying at the temperature for 15min to remove the solvent in the ZIF-67 mother liquor, repeating three rounds of mother liquor dropwise adding and solvent removing processes, washing the sample with ethanol and performing ultrasonic treatment for 1min, and repeating four rounds of mother liquor dropwise adding, solvent removing and ultrasonic washing until the surface of the copper sieve is completely covered with the ZIF-67. And (2) putting the prepared copper sieve substrate into 100mL of uniform ethanol solution containing 2.63g of 2-methylimidazole and 2.66g of cobalt acetate tetrahydrate, transferring the copper sieve substrate into a reaction kettle, putting the reaction kettle into an oven to react for 72 hours at 120 ℃, slowly cooling to room temperature, washing, and drying for 8 hours at 150 ℃ to obtain the final ZIF-67-based carrier for loading the organic phase change material.
4) Dissolving 0.5g of PEG2000 in 50mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, heating and stirring at 60 ℃ until the PEG2000 is completely dissolved, putting 0.4g of ZIF-67-based carrier in the step 3) into the solution, and then putting the solution into a drying oven to dry the solution for 8 hours at 80 ℃ to finally obtain the ZIF-67-based composite phase change material.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (13)

1. A preparation method of a shaped MOF-based composite phase change material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
dissolving organic ligand, soluble metal salt and necessary additive in solvent to obtain MOF reaction liquid; then reacting the MOF reaction liquid, separating, washing and drying a reaction product to obtain an MOF matrix, and dissolving the MOF matrix in a solvent to obtain an MOF mother liquor for later use;
preheating the foam metal and keeping the preheating temperature, taking the foam metal as a substrate for MOF growth, dropwise adding a prepared MOF mother solution to cover the surface of the foam metal, evaporating a solvent of the MOF mother solution, and washing off the MOF which is not firmly combined by using an organic solvent to obtain a foam metal matrix; placing the obtained foam metal matrix in enough MOF growth solution with the same composition as the MOF reaction solution for reaction, and then washing and drying to obtain an MOF-based carrier;
dissolving an organic phase-change core material in a solvent to obtain an organic phase-change core material solution, putting an MOF-based carrier into the organic phase-change core material solution, and drying to obtain an MOF-based composite phase-change material;
covering the surface of the foam metal with the MOF mother liquor prepared by dropwise adding, then evaporating the solvent of the MOF mother liquor, and washing off the MOF which is not firmly combined with an organic solvent to obtain a foam metal matrix, wherein the step of obtaining the foam metal matrix comprises the following steps: and dropwise adding the prepared MOF mother liquor until the MOF mother liquor completely covers the surface of the foam metal, then completely evaporating the solvent of the MOF mother liquor, repeatedly dropwise adding the MOF mother liquor and the solvent evaporation process for many times, washing off the MOF which is not firmly combined by using an organic solvent, and repeatedly dropwise adding the MOF mother liquor, the solvent evaporation and the organic solvent washing process for many times until the foam metal matrix with the foam metal surface completely covered by the MOF is obtained.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the metal foam comprises one or more of nickel foam, aluminum foam or copper foam.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the foam metal is foam copper.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the organic ligand includes: one or more of terephthalic acid, phthalic acid, trimesic acid, pyromellitic acid, mellitic acid, 2-sulfoterephthalic acid, 2-nitroterephthalic acid, 2-aminoterephthalic acid, 1':4',1 '-phenyl-4, 4' -dicarboxylic acid and 1,1 '-diphenyl-4, 4' -dicarboxylic acid.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the soluble metal salt includes: one or more of chromium nitrate, chromium chloride, chromium sulfate, chromium acetate, zirconium nitrate, zirconium chloride, zirconium sulfate, zirconium acetate, copper nitrate, copper chloride, copper sulfate, copper acetate, zinc nitrate, zinc chloride, zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, nickel nitrate, nickel chloride, nickel sulfate, nickel acetate, cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride, cobalt sulfate, cobalt acetate, ferric nitrate, ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, ferric acetate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, aluminum acetate, manganese nitrate, manganese chloride, manganese sulfate, manganese acetate, titanium nitrate, titanium chloride, and titanium sulfate.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the additive comprises: one or more of hydrofluoric acid, sodium hydroxide, formic acid, acetic acid, benzoic acid, polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide triblock copolymer, phloroglucinol/formaldehyde and triblock copolymer, triethylamine and methanol.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: the organic phase change core material includes: one or more of octadecanol, octadecane, octadecanoic acid, paraffin, polyethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, neopentyl glycol, tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane and trimethylolpropane.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the MOF-based carrier to the organic phase-change core material in the organic phase-change core material solution is 5: 3-10;
and/or, when preparing the MOF mother liquor, the solvent is water, and the molar ratio of the MOF matrix to the water is 1: 10-40 parts of;
and/or the temperature for preheating the foam metal is 95-105 ℃;
and/or the temperature of the MOF reaction liquid for reaction is 25-100 ℃;
and/or the temperature for putting the obtained foam metal matrix into the MOF growth solution for reaction is 25-100 ℃.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein: the mass ratio of the MOF-based carrier to the organic phase-change core material PEG2000 is 5: 4.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein: when preparing the MOF mother liquor, the mol ratio of the MOF matrix to water is 1: 20-30.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein: when preparing the MOF mother liquor, the mol ratio of the MOF matrix to water is 1: 25.
12. a shaped MOF-based composite phase change material obtained according to the method of preparation of one of claims 1 to 11.
13. Use of a shaped MOF-based composite phase change material according to claim 12 for energy storage and release.
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