CN110480191B - Laser perforation detection method and laser cutting machine - Google Patents
Laser perforation detection method and laser cutting machine Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
- B23K26/382—Removing material by boring or cutting by boring
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
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- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V8/00—Prospecting or detecting by optical means
- G01V8/10—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers
- G01V8/20—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers using multiple transmitters or receivers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser perforation detection method and a laser cutting machine.A laser head body of the laser cutting machine is provided with a signal processing unit and at least one sensor for detecting signals of laser penetrating through a plate, and the at least one sensor is positioned outside the laser head body and is electrically connected with the signal processing unit, and the method comprises the following steps: a master control system of the laser cutting machine sends a laser light emitting signal to a signal processing unit; the master control system receives a penetration signal fed back by the signal processing unit; the penetration signal is a signal of which the laser perforation state is a penetration state, which is obtained by processing the signal processing unit according to the detection signals of all the sensors during the light emitting period of the laser head body; and the main control system performs closed-loop control in the laser perforation detection process according to the penetration signal. The method can solve the defect that the cutting process is reduced due to the fact that the fixed length time is set for laser perforation in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a laser cutting technology, in particular to a laser perforation detection method and a laser cutting machine.
Background
Laser cutting equipment is carrying out panel cutting and is adding, often need carry out laser to panel and perforate, and whether traditional laser cutting equipment can't distinguish laser and pierce through panel, can only rely on the time parameter that laser cutting machine master control system set for to come regularly to end the laser perforation process, but two problems can derive from this mode: 1. in the process of laser perforation, due to interference of various factors, the laser perforation time is difficult to keep a fixed value, the plate is easy to be over-burnt when the time is set to be too long, and the laser cannot effectively penetrate through the plate when the time is set to be too short. 2. Since the laser perforation time is difficult to maintain at a fixed value, the user is often conservative in setting the parameter, which results in waste of processing time.
The prior art adopts a mode of integrating a photosensitive sensor in a laser head, but the mode has the defects that (1) the optical signal collected by the optical sensor is weak due to the limitation of the aperture of a nozzle at the bottom of a laser head body; (2) the built-in structure is complex, the assembly precision requirement is high, and the normal signal acquisition is influenced by the interference of laser emitted by the laser head; (3) the design and processing cost is high, and the debugging is more troublesome.
Therefore, how to solve the problems is a problem which needs to be solved by the invention, so that the laser cutting equipment can effectively obtain the state feedback of the laser penetrating through the plate, and timely control the perforation process, thereby improving the performance and the processing efficiency of the equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a laser perforation detection method and a laser cutting machine, which are used for solving the defect that the cutting process is reduced due to the fact that the fixed length time is set for laser perforation in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the main technical scheme that:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a laser perforation detection method, in which a laser head body of a laser cutting machine is provided with a signal processing unit, and at least one sensor for detecting a signal of laser penetrating a plate material is located outside the laser head body and electrically connected to the signal processing unit, the method including:
a master control system of the laser cutting machine sends a laser light emitting signal to a signal processing unit;
the master control system receives the penetration signal fed back by the signal processing unit; the penetration signal is a signal obtained by processing the detection signals of all the sensors by the signal processing unit during the light emitting period of the laser head body, and the obtained laser perforation state is a penetration state;
and the master control system performs closed-loop control in the laser perforation detection process according to the penetration signal.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a laser perforation detection method, in which a laser head body of a laser cutting machine is provided with a signal processing unit, and at least one sensor for detecting a signal of laser penetrating a sheet material is located outside the laser head body and electrically connected to the signal processing unit, the method including:
the signal processing unit receives a laser emergent light signal sent by a master control system of the laser cutting machine;
the signal processing unit receives real-time detection signals of all the sensors during laser light emitting;
the signal processing unit processes the real-time detection signals of all the sensors to acquire penetration signals of which the laser perforation state is a penetration state;
and the signal processing unit sends the penetration signal to the main control system, so that the main control system performs closed-loop control in the laser perforation detection process according to the penetration signal.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method is applied to the perforating process before laser cutting, improves the reduction of the cutting process (such as the cutting of the plate after overburning or without penetration) and the reduction of the processing efficiency caused by setting the fixed length time of the traditional laser perforation, and simultaneously saves the energy consumption of the laser cutting equipment while improving the perforating efficiency of the laser cutting equipment.
Furthermore, the method can quickly and reliably identify the time point when the laser penetrates through the plate, and the identification method does not directly depend on the intensity of the radiation light and the reflected light for judgment.
In addition, the laser perforation detection device corresponding to the method of the invention has simple structure, convenient assembly and convenient installation and debugging. The sensor among the laser perforation detection device can not receive the interference of sending laser, and signal detection reliability has improved, sets up in the laser head body outside for simple structure, debugging convenience, suitability are strong, are suitable for various laser cutting machine's at present laser head structure.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser perforation detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser perforation detection apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the connection of some components of a laser perforation detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a laser perforation detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a laser perforation detection method according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a laser perforation detection method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
the device comprises a signal processing unit 01, a laser head body 02, a supporting beam 03, a supporting cutter bar 04, a main sensor 05, a first auxiliary sensor 06, a second auxiliary sensor 07, a laser cutting machine main control system 08, a first shading plate 09, a second shading plate 10, a plate 11 and a supporting piece 12.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of better explaining the present invention and to facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to better understand the solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the following outlines the apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention.
Example one
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser perforation detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is applied to a laser cutting machine, and generally, the laser cutting machine includes: the laser head body, control the laser head body removes and sends the master control system of laser. The laser perforation detection device of the present embodiment includes: a signal processing unit 01 and a main sensor;
the signal processing unit 01 is installed on the laser head body 02, and the signal processing unit 01 is connected with a main control system 08 (shown in fig. 3) of the laser cutting machine through a cable;
the main sensor 05 is used for detecting a signal of laser penetrating a plate, wherein the main sensor is fixed on a support 12, the support 12 is fixedly installed on the laser head body 02, and the detection direction of the main sensor is vertical to the laser light emitting direction of the laser head body;
the horizontal direction of the main sensor 05 is separated from the laser head body by a first preset distance, and the distance between the main sensor 05 and the plate 11 is greater than the distance between the bottom end (vertical direction) of the laser head body 02 and the plate 11 and less than the distance between the center (center in vertical direction) of the laser head body 02 and the plate 11;
the main sensor 05 is connected to the signal processing unit 01 through a cable.
The light band received by the main sensor 05 in this embodiment is 950-.
When the plate 11 is not penetrated, the optical signal of the light wave band shows fluctuation and high brightness, and the optical signal of the light wave band tends to be stable and relatively low brightness after the plate 11 is penetrated.
In addition, the main sensor 05 is located outside the laser head body 02, and then the main sensor 05 can receive strong enough optical signals, therefore, the main sensor 05 can only receive the partial reflected light and the radiation light of the laser perforation to finish the judgment of the signals without directly aligning to the focal position of the laser perforation, and simultaneously, the damage of the laser to the optical sensor can also be weakened, and the service life is prolonged.
In this embodiment, with the main sensor setting in the outside of laser head body, can solve the defect of the internal integration photosensitive sensor among the prior art: for example, the first prior art laser head body internally integrates the sensor and is limited by the aperture of the nozzle at the bottom of the laser head body, resulting in a weak effective signal to be acquired. The built-in structure of the laser head body is complex, the assembly precision requirement is high, and the laser interference sent by the laser head body possibly influences normal signal acquisition. The third laser head body is high in design and processing cost, and debugging is troublesome. Therefore, the signal acquisition device is arranged outside in the embodiment, the cost can be reduced, the debugging is convenient, and meanwhile, the signal can be effectively acquired.
In practical application, the main sensor 05 can be a light sensor/photosensitive sensor, which is located outside a mirror cavity of a laser head in the laser head body 02, and can receive a stronger light signal in the process of perforating the laser head, so that the requirement of detected light intensity is met.
Further, because set up the main sensor 05 outside laser head main part 02, simple to operate, from this, can not receive the interference of sending laser in the main sensor collection, the signal detection reliability has improved, and has simplified the structure of laser head body, and guarantees the requirement of signal detection.
The laser perforation detection device of the embodiment has the advantages of simple structure, low assembly precision and convenience in installation and debugging.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser perforation detection apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention, and the laser perforation detection apparatus of this embodiment includes: the signal processing unit 01, a main sensor 05 and two auxiliary sensors, which correspond to the light shielding plates of each auxiliary sensor.
Specifically, the left end and the right end of a supporting beam 03 supporting the laser head body 02 are respectively and vertically connected with mounting plates.
The laser perforation detection apparatus further includes: the first auxiliary sensor 06 is used for detecting a signal of laser penetrating through the plate, the first auxiliary sensor 06 is fixed on the inner side of the mounting plate at one end of the supporting beam 03, and the parallel plate faces to the direction to be perforated;
the first auxiliary sensor 06 is located below the plate 11, a first light shielding plate 09 is arranged between the first auxiliary sensor 06 and the plate 11, the first light shielding plate 09 is used for shielding laser which does not penetrate through the plate, and the first light shielding plate 09 is fixed on the inner side of the mounting plate at one end of the supporting beam 03;
the first auxiliary sensor 06 is connected to the signal processing unit 01 through a cable.
The laser perforation detection apparatus further includes: a second auxiliary sensor 07 for detecting a signal of laser light penetrating through the sheet material, wherein the second auxiliary sensor 07 is fixed on the inner side of the mounting plate at the other end of the supporting beam 03, and the parallel sheet material 11 faces the direction to be perforated;
the second auxiliary sensor 07 is positioned below a plate 11, a second light shielding plate 10 is arranged between the second auxiliary sensor 07 and the plate 11, the second light shielding plate 10 is used for shielding laser which does not penetrate through the plate, and the second light shielding plate 10 is fixed on the inner side of the mounting plate at the other end of the supporting beam 03;
the second auxiliary sensor 07 is connected to the signal processing unit 01 through a cable.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the first auxiliary sensor 06 and the second auxiliary sensor 07 are symmetrically distributed along the vertical direction of the laser head body 02.
The main sensor 05, the first auxiliary sensor 06 and the second auxiliary sensor 07 of the present embodiment are all photosensors/photosensors. Each sensor has a directional directivity of about 40 °, for example, 40 ° means that the sensor only detects light 40 ° ahead of the sensor, and light beyond this range is difficult to be received by the sensor no matter how strong, which is beneficial to highlight the light intensity of the detected object and weaken the interference of no light (such as sunlight, indoor lamp light guide, etc.). Therefore, the light interference in the room/workshop can be well inhibited.
In this embodiment, because light sensor has 40 induction angle, the light source distance sensor of below behind the panel is penetrated to laser simultaneously is far away, if with sensor horizontal installation, because panel distance sensor is nearer when the laser biography hole, light signal can be by the fine receipt of sensor, and the light that penetrates below behind the panel then is hardly detected to promote the light detection reliability.
The signal processing unit 01 is connected with the main sensor, the first auxiliary sensor and the second auxiliary sensor in a 0-3.3V analog voltage mode (for example, the acquisition speed of all the sensors is about 2 us); in the perforation process of the laser cutting machine main control system 08, after a laser light emitting signal is sent out, detection signals monitored by the main sensor 05 and the auxiliary sensor are obtained, and whether the laser penetrates through the plate or not is further determined, so that the signal processing unit 01 feeds back a signal whether the plate penetrates through or not to the laser cutting machine main control system 08 in time, and closed-loop control in the laser perforation detection process is realized.
The communication between the signal processing unit and the master control system adopts an IO communication mode, as shown in fig. 3.
In this embodiment, the unique mounting positions of the two auxiliary sensors below the plate can collect the light intensity change below the plate at the moment when the laser penetrates the plate. The signal processing unit combines the signals of the main sensor and the two auxiliary sensors to judge, and further, the state at the moment of penetration can be effectively and quickly judged.
It should be noted that the supporting blade 04 shown in fig. 1 and 2 is used for supporting the plate 11 to be processed, and the supporting blade 04 is located below the supporting beam 03 and can perform relative movement with the plate to be processed located therebetween.
The laser head body comprises a laser head, and the laser head body is arranged on the supporting cross beam 03, moves back and forth along with the supporting cross beam 03, and can move up and down under the action of the Z-axis driving assembly. That is, the supporting beam 03 drives the exciting head body, the main sensor and the two auxiliary sensors to move synchronously. Further, the main sensor 05 can move left and right along with the laser head body, the two auxiliary sensors can move front and back along with the cross beam, and in the moving process, the main sensor, the auxiliary sensors and the laser head body are located on an approximate plane.
That is, the two auxiliary sensors are mounted on the lower portion of the support beam, which portion can extend below the support blade and move with the support beam.
In this embodiment, in order to overcome the problem that the normal optical signal is interfered by the light reflected and radiated back from the lower part of the laser head body when the laser head body penetrates through the plate, the installation direction of the main sensor is horizontally installed and faces the direction of the laser head body. In addition, two auxiliary sensors are respectively arranged inside two end parts of the supporting beam, distributed on the left side and the right side and positioned at the bottoms of the supporting tool bars, the two auxiliary sensors are all horizontally arranged, the installation direction is the direction pointing to the laser head body, and two light shading plates are respectively assembled above the two auxiliary sensors and used for reducing the influence of laser above the plate when the laser does not penetrate through the plate.
The laser perforation detection device of the embodiment is simple in structure, convenient to assemble and convenient to install and debug. In this embodiment, the main sensor is installed outside the laser head body, and faces the laser head body direction, rather than towards the laser, from this, can not receive the interference of sending laser in the main sensor collection, and the signal detection reliability has improved, and simple structure, and the debugging is convenient, and is with low costs.
In addition, the laser perforation detection device of the embodiment has strong adaptability and is suitable for laser head structures of various current laser cutting machines.
Example two
Based on the laser perforation device shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a laser perforation detection method, as shown in fig. 4, the method of the present embodiment is applied to a laser cutting machine, an execution main body of the method may be a main control system of the laser cutting machine, and the laser perforation detection method of the present embodiment may include:
401. a master control system of the laser cutting machine sends a laser light emitting signal to a signal processing unit;
402. the master control system receives the penetration signal fed back by the signal processing unit; the penetration signal is a signal obtained by processing the detection signals of all the sensors by the signal processing unit during the light emitting period of the laser head body, and the obtained laser perforation state is a penetration state;
403. and the main control system performs closed-loop control in the laser perforation detection process according to the penetration signal.
For example, in practical applications, before the step 401, the method further includes a step 400 as shown in fig. 6.
400. And the main control system sends a preparation signal for laser perforation to the signal processing unit so that the signal processing unit acquires the ambient brightness according to the preparation signal and initializes the ambient brightness.
In this embodiment, the interval between the preparation signal and the laser light emission signal may be set to be greater than 5ms, less than 15ms, for example, 10 ms.
The method is applied to the perforating process before laser cutting, the reduction of the cutting process (such as the cutting of a plate after overburning or without penetration) and the reduction of the processing efficiency caused by setting a fixed length time in the traditional laser perforation are improved, and meanwhile, the perforating efficiency of the laser cutting equipment is improved and the energy consumption of the laser cutting equipment is saved.
Further, in practical applications, after step 401, the aforementioned method does not receive the penetration signal in step 402, and at this time, the host system may perform the following step 404 not shown in the figure:
404. the main control system starts a timing mechanism of a laser light-emitting signal, and if the main control system does not receive the penetration signal within the preset safe perforation time, the main control system controls the laser head body to finish the operation of laser perforation.
In this case, the method may perform the following steps: step 401 — step 404. Alternatively, the method may perform the steps of: step 400-step 401-step 404.
That is, in order to prevent the signal processing unit from failing during the use and prevent the signal processing unit from effectively judging the situation that the laser penetrates through the plate by the internal recognition algorithm, the master control system presets a more conservative safe punching time, which is usually 5-10s longer than the normal punching time, and when the signal processing unit does not give a penetrating signal within the given safe time, the master control system of the laser cutting machine autonomously ends the laser punching action.
In an alternative implementation, if the main control system determines that the laser head body is faulty, or the voltage is not stable, or other conditions cause a situation that the laser emission of the laser head body needs to be interrupted, then, after step 401, the method performs step 405 and step 406, which are not shown in the following figures.
405. The master control system sends out optical signal interruption information to the signal processing unit;
406. the master control system receives the state signal fed back by the signal processing unit; the state signal is a signal which is output by the signal processing unit according to the signal interruption information and comprises information that the laser perforation is in an impenetrable state.
In this case, the method may perform the following steps: step 401-step 405-step 406. Alternatively, the method may perform the steps of: step 400-step 401-step 405-step 406.
It should be noted that, in the method of the present embodiment, the signal processing unit may be connected to a main sensor, or may be connected to a main sensor and an auxiliary sensor. More preferably, the signal processing unit is connected to a main sensor and two auxiliary sensors through a cable, and the two auxiliary sensors may be the first auxiliary sensor and the second auxiliary sensor. Of course, the present embodiment does not limit the number of sensors connected to the signal processing unit, and does not limit the position of the sensors, and may be used in any manner that is located outside the laser head body and can detect the laser penetration signal.
In the specific implementation process, the signal processing unit can be communicated with the main sensor in a 0-3.3V analog voltage mode, so that in the punching process of the main control system of the laser cutting machine, after a laser light emitting signal is sent out, a detection signal acquired by the sensor is obtained, and whether laser penetrates through a plate or not is further determined, so that the signal processing unit feeds back a signal whether the plate penetrates through to the main control system in time, and closed-loop control in the laser punching detection process is realized. Therefore, the reduction of the cutting process (such as the cutting of a plate without overburning or penetration) and the reduction of the processing efficiency caused by the arrangement of the fixed length time of the traditional laser perforation are improved, and meanwhile, the energy consumption of the laser cutting equipment is saved while the perforation efficiency of the laser cutting equipment is improved.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the present invention further provides a laser perforation detection method, as shown in fig. 5, the method of the present embodiment is applied to a laser cutting machine, an execution main body of the method may be a signal processing unit, and the laser perforation detection method of the present embodiment may include:
501. the signal processing unit receives a laser emergent light signal sent by a master control system of the laser cutting machine;
502. the signal processing unit receives real-time detection signals of all the sensors during laser light emitting;
503. the signal processing unit processes the real-time detection signals of all the sensors to acquire penetration signals of which the laser perforation state is a penetration state;
504. and the signal processing unit sends the penetration signal to the main control system, so that the main control system performs closed-loop control in the laser perforation detection process according to the penetration signal.
Further, in practical applications, before step 501, the method may further include the following steps 500a and 500b not shown in the figures:
500a, a signal processing unit receives a preparation signal sent by the master control system and used for laser perforation;
500b, the signal processing unit acquires the ambient brightness according to the preparation signal, initializes according to the ambient brightness, and detects the laser light-emitting signal in real time.
In practical applications, after step 501, the method further comprises the following steps 505 and 506, which are not shown in the figure:
505. the signal processing unit receives outgoing light signal interruption information sent by the master control system;
506. and the signal processing unit feeds back a state signal containing information that the laser perforation is in an unpenetrated state to the master control system according to the light-emitting signal interruption information.
In order to better understand the processing procedure of the signal processing unit, the above step 503 is explained in detail below.
5031. Preprocessing the detection signal of the main sensor received in real time for reducing local interference and jitter;
5032. and updating an FIFO queue according to the preprocessed signals, wherein the preprocessed signals with preset lengths are stored in the FIFO queue.
For example, the FIFO queue is a First Input First Output, a First in First out queue, which belongs to the existing in-order execution queue, and the First entered instruction completes and retires First, and then executes the second instruction.
In this embodiment, the FIFO queue is used to store the filtered light intensity values (0-4095 represents the weakest and strongest light intensity values received by the light sensor), one of the most recently collected light intensity values is added at the tail of the queue every 1ms, and one of the light intensity values at the head of the queue is discarded, while the sequence is analyzed and judged during the 1ms period.
If the detected signal length is >200, the queue will automatically discard the first value, all values in the queue will be shifted forward one position synchronously, and the latest value will be put at the end of the queue, so that the queue will be updated in real time and never overflow.
The FIFO queue in this embodiment is always updated, and the variation trend of the luminance can be further determined in real time.
5033. And selecting the maximum value and the minimum value of the brightness in all the preprocessed signals of the updated FIFO queue to obtain the difference value of the maximum value and the minimum value.
For example, a bubble sorting algorithm is used to select the maximum and minimum values of the brightness in all the preprocessed signals of the updated FIFO queue.
5034. Comparing the difference value with a first preset value;
5035. if the difference value is less than or equal to the first preset value, increasing the accumulated value of the counting variable A by a specified value; if the difference value is larger than the first preset value, clearing the accumulated value of the counting variable A;
5036. comparing the accumulated value of the counting variable A with a second preset value;
5037. if the accumulated value of the counting variable A is larger than a second preset value, setting the value of the flag bit B to be 1, otherwise, setting the value of the flag bit B to be 0;
5038. and when the value of the zone bit B is 1, averaging the brightness of all the preprocessed signals in the FIFO queue, and when the average value is smaller than a third preset value, acquiring the penetration signal.
The above sub-steps 5031 to 5038 correspond to the structure in which the signal processing unit is connected to a main sensor.
When the signal processing unit is connected to a main sensor and two auxiliary sensors, the sub-step 5038 may include:
5038' averaging the brightness of all the preprocessed signals in the FIFO queue when the value of the flag bit B is 1, and setting the value of the flag bit C to 1 when the average value is less than a third preset value;
5039. averaging the detection signals of the detection brightness of the two auxiliary sensors acquired in real time, and preprocessing to obtain the preprocessed signals of the auxiliary sensors;
5040 comparing the signal of said pre-processed auxiliary sensor minus ambient brightness to a fourth preset value; if the value of the flag bit E is larger than the preset value, setting the value of the flag bit E to be 1, otherwise, setting the value of the flag bit E to be 0; and when the value of the flag bit C and the value of the flag bit E are both 1, acquiring the penetration signal.
It should be noted that, when the signal processing unit is connected to a main sensor and two auxiliary sensors, the signal processing unit in this embodiment is connected to the main sensor and the two auxiliary sensors by way of 0-3.3V analog voltage; and the communication between the signal processing unit and the master control system adopts an IO communication mode. The process of acquiring the penetration signal by the signal processing unit may comprise the sub-steps of: sub-step 5031 to sub-step 5037, sub-step 5038', sub-step 5039 to sub-step 5040.
In each of the above sub-steps, the third preset value is 2047, and the fourth preset value is three times the first preset value. The counting variable a, the flag bit B, the flag bit C, and the flag bit E in the above embodiments are set in the algorithm of the signal processing unit for the purpose of more accurate determination result, and improving reliability and stability. In the present embodiment, the first preset value is information indicating brightness, and the second preset value is information indicating the number of times.
In particular, each of the sub-steps described above is performed whenever there is an update of the signal in the FIFO queue. That is, the sensors, such as the main sensor and the auxiliary sensor, acquire the detection signals in real time, and the signal processing unit updates the FIFO queue in real time according to the detection signals acquired in real time, and then detects in real time to determine whether the penetration signal exists.
The laser perforation process can be better monitored by the mode, the reduction of the cutting process caused by setting the fixed length time of the traditional laser perforation is improved, and the perforation efficiency of the laser cutting equipment is improved.
According to still another aspect of the present invention, the present invention also provides a laser cutting machine/laser cutting apparatus comprising: the laser head body is a main control system which controls the laser head body to move and emit laser; a signal processing unit arranged on the laser head body;
the main control system interacts with the signal processing unit to execute the method of fig. 4 or execute the method of fig. 5.
The laser cutting machine can quickly and reliably identify the time point when the laser penetrates through the plate in the laser perforation process by using the method, the identification method does not directly depend on the intensity of the radiation light and the reflected light for judgment, the reduction of the cutting process (such as the cutting when the plate is burnt or is not penetrated) and the reduction of the processing efficiency caused by the setting of the fixed length time of the traditional laser perforation are improved, and meanwhile, the energy consumption of equipment is saved while the processing efficiency is improved.
In order to better understand the scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the following contents are also provided:
a1, a laser perforation detection method, wherein a laser head body of a laser cutting machine is provided with a signal processing unit and at least one sensor for detecting signals of laser penetrating through a plate material, the at least one sensor is positioned outside the laser head body and is electrically connected with the signal processing unit, the method comprises the following steps:
a master control system of the laser cutting machine sends a laser light emitting signal to a signal processing unit;
the master control system receives the penetration signal fed back by the signal processing unit; the penetration signal is a signal obtained by processing the detection signals of all the sensors by the signal processing unit during the light emitting period of the laser head body, and the obtained laser perforation state is a penetration state;
and the master control system performs closed-loop control in the laser perforation detection process according to the penetration signal.
A2, the method according to A1, wherein before the master control system of the laser cutting machine sends the laser light signal to the signal processing unit, the method further comprises:
and the master control system sends a preparation signal for laser perforation to the signal processing unit so that the signal processing unit acquires the ambient brightness according to the preparation signal and initializes the ambient brightness.
A3, the method according to A1, wherein after the master control system of the laser cutting machine sends the laser light signal to the signal processing unit, the method further comprises:
the main control system starts a timing mechanism of a laser light-emitting signal, and if the main control system does not receive the penetration signal within the preset safe perforation time, the main control system controls the laser head body to finish the operation of laser perforation.
A4, the method according to A1, wherein after the master control system of the laser cutting machine sends the laser light signal to the signal processing unit, the method further comprises:
the master control system sends out optical signal interruption information to the signal processing unit;
the master control system receives the state signal fed back by the signal processing unit; the state signal is a signal which is output by the signal processing unit according to the signal interruption information and comprises information that the laser perforation is in an impenetrable state.
A5, the method according to A2, wherein the interval between the preparation signal and the laser emission signal is more than 5ms and less than 15 ms.
A6, a laser perforation detection method, wherein a laser head body of a laser cutting machine is provided with a signal processing unit, at least one sensor for detecting signals of laser penetrating through a plate material is arranged on the laser head body, the at least one sensor is positioned outside the laser head body and is electrically connected with the signal processing unit, the method comprises the following steps:
the signal processing unit receives a laser emergent light signal sent by a master control system of the laser cutting machine;
the signal processing unit receives real-time detection signals of all the sensors during laser light emitting;
the signal processing unit processes the real-time detection signals of all the sensors to acquire penetration signals of which the laser perforation state is a penetration state;
and the signal processing unit sends the penetration signal to the main control system, so that the main control system performs closed-loop control in the laser perforation detection process according to the penetration signal.
A7, the method according to A6, wherein before the signal processing unit receives the laser emitting signal emitted by the main control system of the laser cutting machine, the method further comprises:
the signal processing unit receives a preparation signal which is sent by the main control system and used for carrying out laser perforation;
and the signal processing unit acquires the ambient brightness according to the preparation signal, initializes according to the ambient brightness and detects the laser light-emitting signal in real time.
A8, the method according to A7, wherein if the signal processing unit is connected with a main sensor, the horizontal direction of the main sensor is separated from the laser head body by a first preset distance, and the detection direction is perpendicular to the laser light emitting direction of the laser head body;
the signal processing unit processes according to the real-time detection signals of all the sensors, acquires the penetration signal of which the laser perforation state is the penetration state, and comprises:
preprocessing the detection signal of the main sensor received in real time for reducing local interference and jitter;
updating an FIFO queue according to the preprocessed signals, wherein the preprocessed signals with preset lengths are stored in the FIFO queue;
selecting the maximum value and the minimum value of the brightness in all the preprocessed signals of the updated FIFO queue, and acquiring the difference value of the maximum value and the minimum value;
comparing the difference value with a first preset value;
if the difference value is less than or equal to the first preset value, increasing the accumulated value of the counting variable A by a specified value; if the difference value is larger than the first preset value, clearing the accumulated value of the counting variable A;
comparing the accumulated value of the counting variable A with a second preset value;
if the accumulated value of the counting variable A is larger than a second preset value, setting the value of the flag bit B to be 1, otherwise, setting the value of the flag bit B to be 0;
and when the value of the zone bit B is 1, averaging the brightness of all the preprocessed signals in the FIFO queue, and when the average value is smaller than a third preset value, acquiring the penetration signal.
A9, the method according to A8, wherein if the signal processing unit is connected with a main sensor and two auxiliary sensors, the two auxiliary sensors are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the mounting plates at the left end and the right end of the supporting beam and are parallel to the direction of the plate to be punched; further comprising:
when the average value is smaller than a third preset value, setting the value of the flag bit C to be 1;
averaging the detection signals of the detection brightness of the two auxiliary sensors acquired in real time, and preprocessing to obtain the preprocessed signals of the auxiliary sensors;
subtracting the ambient brightness from the preprocessed signal of the auxiliary sensor, and comparing the signal with a fourth preset value; if the value of the flag bit E is larger than the preset value, setting the value of the flag bit E to be 1, otherwise, setting the value of the flag bit E to be 0;
and when the value of the flag bit C and the value of the flag bit E are both 1, acquiring the penetration signal.
A10, the method according to A9, wherein the third preset value is 2047, and the fourth preset value is three times the first preset value.
A11, the method according to A9, wherein the selecting the maximum value and the minimum value of the brightness in all the preprocessed signals of the updated FIFO queue comprises:
and selecting the maximum value and the minimum value of the brightness in all the preprocessed signals of the updated FIFO queue by adopting a bubble sorting algorithm.
A12, the method according to a9, wherein before the signal processing unit acquires the penetration signal that the laser perforation state is the penetration state, the method further comprises:
the signal processing unit receives outgoing light signal interruption information sent by the master control system;
and the signal processing unit feeds back a state signal containing information that the laser perforation is in an unpenetrated state to the master control system according to the light-emitting signal interruption information.
A13, the method according to A9, wherein,
the main sensor and the two auxiliary sensors have 40-degree directional directivity;
the signal processing unit is connected with the main sensor and the two auxiliary sensors in a 0-3.3V analog voltage mode;
and the signal processing unit is communicated with the master control system in an IO communication mode.
A14, the method according to A9, wherein,
the distance between the main sensor and the plate is greater than the distance between the bottom end of the laser head body and the plate and less than the distance between the center of the laser head body and the plate;
the main sensor is connected with the signal processing unit through a cable;
or,
the first auxiliary sensor and the second auxiliary sensor in the two auxiliary sensors are symmetrically distributed along the vertical direction of the laser head body;
or,
the first auxiliary sensor is positioned below the plate, a first light shielding plate is arranged between the first auxiliary sensor and the plate and used for shielding laser which does not penetrate through the plate, and the first light shielding plate is fixed on the inner side of the mounting plate at one end of the supporting beam;
the first auxiliary sensor is connected with the signal processing unit through a cable;
or,
the second auxiliary sensor is positioned below the plate, a second light shielding plate is arranged between the second auxiliary sensor and the plate and used for shielding laser which does not penetrate through the plate, and the second light shielding plate is fixed on the inner side of the mounting plate at the other end of the supporting beam;
the second auxiliary sensor is connected with the signal processing unit through a cable;
or,
the main sensor, the first auxiliary sensor and the second auxiliary sensor are all photoelectric sensors.
A15, a laser cutting machine, comprising: the laser head body is a main control system which controls the laser head body to move and emit laser; it is characterized by also comprising:
a signal processing unit arranged on the laser head body;
the master control system and the signal processing unit interact to execute any one of the methods A1-A5 or any one of the methods A6-A14.
The above description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of illustrating the technical lines and features of the present invention and is provided for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and to implement the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments. It is intended that all such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims be embraced therein.
Claims (15)
1. The laser perforation detection method is characterized in that a laser head body of a laser cutting machine is provided with a signal processing unit and at least one sensor for detecting signals of laser penetrating a plate, the at least one sensor is positioned outside the laser head body, and the at least one sensor comprises: a main sensor electrically connected to the signal processing unit; the method comprises the following steps:
a master control system of the laser cutting machine sends a laser light emitting signal to a signal processing unit;
the master control system receives the penetration signal fed back by the signal processing unit; the penetration signal is obtained by processing the penetration signal by the signal processing unit according to real-time detection signals of all the sensors during the light emitting period of the laser head body, wherein the laser perforation state is the penetration state;
the master control system performs closed-loop control in the laser perforation detection process according to the penetration signal;
wherein, the signal processing unit processes according to the real-time detection signal of all sensors, obtains the laser perforation state and is the penetrating signal of penetrating state, includes:
preprocessing a detection signal of a main sensor received in real time;
updating an FIFO queue according to the preprocessed signals, wherein the preprocessed signals with preset lengths are stored in the FIFO queue;
selecting the maximum value and the minimum value of the brightness in all the preprocessed signals of the updated FIFO queue, and acquiring the difference value of the maximum value and the minimum value;
comparing the difference value with a first preset value;
if the difference value is less than or equal to the first preset value, increasing the accumulated value of the counting variable A by a specified value; if the difference value is larger than the first preset value, clearing the accumulated value of the counting variable A;
comparing the accumulated value of the counting variable A with a second preset value;
if the accumulated value of the counting variable A is larger than a second preset value, setting the value of the flag bit B to be 1, otherwise, setting the value of the flag bit B to be 0;
and when the value of the zone bit B is 1, averaging the brightness of all the preprocessed signals in the FIFO queue, and when the average value is smaller than a third preset value, acquiring the penetration signal.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein before the master control system of the laser cutting machine sends the laser light signal to the signal processing unit, the method further comprises:
and the master control system sends a preparation signal for laser perforation to the signal processing unit so that the signal processing unit acquires the ambient brightness according to the preparation signal and initializes the ambient brightness.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein after the master control system of the laser cutting machine sends the laser light signal to the signal processing unit, the method further comprises:
the main control system starts a timing mechanism of a laser light-emitting signal, and if the main control system does not receive the penetration signal within the preset safe perforation time, the main control system controls the laser head body to finish the operation of laser perforation.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein after the master control system of the laser cutting machine sends the laser light signal to the signal processing unit, the method further comprises:
the master control system sends out optical signal interruption information to the signal processing unit;
the master control system receives the state signal fed back by the signal processing unit; the state signal is a signal which is output by the signal processing unit according to the signal interruption information and comprises information that the laser perforation is in an impenetrable state.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the preparation signal and the lasing signal are separated by more than 5ms and less than 15 ms.
6. The laser perforation detection method is characterized in that a laser head body of a laser cutting machine is provided with a signal processing unit and at least one sensor for detecting signals of laser penetrating a plate, the at least one sensor is positioned outside the laser head body and comprises: a primary sensor electrically connected to a signal processing unit, the method comprising:
the signal processing unit receives a laser emergent light signal sent by a master control system of the laser cutting machine;
the signal processing unit receives real-time detection signals of all the sensors during laser light emitting;
the signal processing unit processes the real-time detection signals of all the sensors to acquire penetration signals of which the laser perforation state is a penetration state;
the signal processing unit sends the penetration signal to the master control system, so that the master control system performs closed-loop control in the laser perforation detection process according to the penetration signal;
wherein, the signal processing unit processes according to the real-time detection signal of all sensors, obtains the laser perforation state and is the penetrating signal of penetrating state, includes:
preprocessing a detection signal of a main sensor received in real time;
updating an FIFO queue according to the preprocessed signals, wherein the preprocessed signals with preset lengths are stored in the FIFO queue;
selecting the maximum value and the minimum value of the brightness in all the preprocessed signals of the updated FIFO queue, and acquiring the difference value of the maximum value and the minimum value;
comparing the difference value with a first preset value;
if the difference value is less than or equal to the first preset value, increasing the accumulated value of the counting variable A by a specified value; if the difference value is larger than the first preset value, clearing the accumulated value of the counting variable A;
comparing the accumulated value of the counting variable A with a second preset value;
if the accumulated value of the counting variable A is larger than a second preset value, setting the value of the flag bit B to be 1, otherwise, setting the value of the flag bit B to be 0;
and when the value of the zone bit B is 1, averaging the brightness of all the preprocessed signals in the FIFO queue, and when the average value is smaller than a third preset value, acquiring the penetration signal.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein before the signal processing unit receives the laser emitting signal emitted by the master control system of the laser cutting machine, the method further comprises:
the signal processing unit receives a preparation signal which is sent by the main control system and used for carrying out laser perforation;
and the signal processing unit acquires the ambient brightness according to the preparation signal, initializes according to the ambient brightness and detects the laser light-emitting signal in real time.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the horizontal direction of the main sensor is spaced a first predetermined distance from the laser head body and the detection direction is perpendicular to the laser light exit direction of the laser head body.
9. The method of claim 7, characterized in that if the signal processing unit is further connected with two auxiliary sensors, the horizontal direction of the main sensor is separated from the laser head body by a first preset distance, the detection direction is perpendicular to the laser light emitting direction of the laser head body, the two auxiliary sensors are respectively positioned on the inner sides of the mounting plates at the left end and the right end of the supporting beam and are parallel to the direction of the plate to be punched and face the direction of the plate to be punched; further comprising:
when the average value is smaller than a third preset value, setting the value of the flag bit C to be 1;
averaging the detection signals of the detection brightness of the two auxiliary sensors acquired in real time, and preprocessing to obtain the preprocessed signals of the auxiliary sensors;
subtracting the ambient brightness from the preprocessed signal of the auxiliary sensor, and comparing the signal with a fourth preset value; if the value of the flag bit E is larger than the preset value, setting the value of the flag bit E to be 1, otherwise, setting the value of the flag bit E to be 0;
and when the value of the flag bit C and the value of the flag bit E are both 1, acquiring the penetration signal.
10. The method of claim 9,
the third preset value is 2047, and the fourth preset value is three times the first preset value.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein selecting the maximum and minimum values of luminance in all preprocessed signals of the updated FIFO queue comprises:
and selecting the maximum value and the minimum value of the brightness in all the preprocessed signals of the updated FIFO queue by adopting a bubble sorting algorithm.
12. The method according to claim 9, wherein before the signal processing unit acquires the penetration signal in which the laser perforation state is the penetration state, the method further comprises:
the signal processing unit receives outgoing light signal interruption information sent by the master control system;
and the signal processing unit feeds back a state signal containing information that the laser perforation is in an unpenetrated state to the master control system according to the light-emitting signal interruption information.
13. The method of claim 9,
the main sensor and the two auxiliary sensors have 40-degree directional directivity;
the signal processing unit is connected with the main sensor and the two auxiliary sensors in a 0-3.3V analog voltage mode;
and the signal processing unit is communicated with the master control system in an IO communication mode.
14. The method of claim 9,
the distance between the main sensor and the plate is greater than the distance between the bottom end of the laser head body and the plate and less than the distance between the center of the laser head body and the plate;
the main sensor is connected with the signal processing unit through a cable;
or,
a first auxiliary sensor and a second auxiliary sensor in the two auxiliary sensors are symmetrically distributed along the vertical direction of the laser head body;
or,
the first auxiliary sensor is positioned below the plate, a first light shielding plate is arranged between the first auxiliary sensor and the plate and used for shielding laser which does not penetrate through the plate, and the first light shielding plate is fixed on the inner side of the mounting plate at one end of the supporting beam;
the first auxiliary sensor is connected with the signal processing unit through a cable;
or,
the second auxiliary sensor is positioned below the plate, a second light shielding plate is arranged between the second auxiliary sensor and the plate and used for shielding laser which does not penetrate through the plate, and the second light shielding plate is fixed on the inner side of the mounting plate at the other end of the supporting beam;
the second auxiliary sensor is connected with the signal processing unit through a cable;
or,
the main sensor, the first auxiliary sensor and the second auxiliary sensor are all photoelectric sensors.
15. A laser cutting machine comprising: the laser head body is a main control system which controls the laser head body to move and emit laser; it is characterized by also comprising:
a signal processing unit arranged on the laser head body;
the master control system interacts with the signal processing unit to perform the method of any of the preceding claims 1 to 5 or to perform the method of any of the claims 6 to 14.
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| CN112730341A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-30 | 南京理工大学北方研究院 | Laser penetration detection method based on different media |
| CN112710637A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-27 | 西安中科微精光子制造科技有限公司 | Method and system for detecting gas film hole penetrating state and computer storage medium |
| CN114682907B (en) * | 2022-06-04 | 2022-09-02 | 济南邦德激光股份有限公司 | High-power laser cutting light path system, laser cutting head and using method thereof |
| CN115446419A (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2022-12-09 | 天地上海采掘装备科技有限公司 | Flame processing device and method for coal mining machine roller body |
| CN117733361B (en) * | 2023-10-18 | 2024-04-30 | 四川交通职业技术学院 | Intelligent laser cutting device for automobile sheet metal process and control method thereof |
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