CN110474843B - IP positioning method based on route hop count - Google Patents

IP positioning method based on route hop count Download PDF

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CN110474843B
CN110474843B CN201910603154.2A CN201910603154A CN110474843B CN 110474843 B CN110474843 B CN 110474843B CN 201910603154 A CN201910603154 A CN 201910603154A CN 110474843 B CN110474843 B CN 110474843B
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routing
landmark
positioning
hop count
ips
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CN110474843A (en
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朱浩瑾
项冲
王欣宇
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/02—Topology update or discovery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/12—Shortest path evaluation
    • H04L45/122—Shortest path evaluation by minimising distances, e.g. by selecting a route with minimum of number of hops
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/20—Hop count for routing purposes, e.g. TTL
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
    • H04L45/745—Address table lookup; Address filtering

Abstract

The invention discloses an IP positioning method based on routing hop count, which comprises the following steps: constructing a network topology: a positioning server sends a traceroute message to each IP address, records routing information and establishes a network topology; finding the shortest routing path: obtaining the shortest routing path and the routing hop number between the IPs according to the network topology or the traceroute path; estimating the routing radius: estimating the corresponding relation between the hop count within a certain route hop count range of the landmark IP and the actual physical distance by utilizing the existing data set; calculating a physical position for IP positioning: and calculating the physical distance between the IPs through the routing hop count of the shortest routing path and the estimated routing radius, and positioning the target IP to the landmark IP closest to the physical distance of the target IP. The invention can realize accurate and stable IP positioning only by sending the traceroute command once by one positioning server.

Description

IP positioning method based on route hop count
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of internet, in particular to an IP positioning method based on route hop count for a network environment with complex network structure and extremely unstable forwarding delay.
Background
With the development of the internet, emerging internet services provide requirements for location technology. Especially for many user location based internet services, determining the location of an access to an internet host is a key technology for such services. Location-based services have many practical applications, such as weather forecasting, targeted promotions, spam filtering, location authentication, and digital rights management. Although some applications only require a low accuracy location service, i.e. determining the country, province, or city of the host; more applications depend closely on the accuracy of the positioning service, and thus the high-accuracy positioning service has a wide market demand. Examples of the former are digital rights management, and examples of the latter include phishing detection, and targeted promotion.
Existing IP positioning methods tend to be based on network delay (RTT) as an estimated measure of physical distance. However, the positioning overhead of such methods is very large. Considering that there is router processing delay in the forwarding process of a data packet and the tortuosity of a physical routing path, the IP positioning method based on delay needs to measure the same IP from multiple positioning servers (Ping servers) multiple times to obtain the minimum network delay as an estimate of the physical distance. In addition, the existing IP positioning method is found to have limited positioning accuracy in the internet in china. Such limited accuracy may result from complex network architectures.
Therefore, how to provide an accurate IP positioning method suitable for a complex network architecture becomes a problem to be solved in the field. At present, no explanation or report of the similar technology of the invention is found, and similar data at home and abroad are not collected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to improve the precision of Internet IP positioning, and designs an IP positioning method based on routing hop count aiming at the Internet condition with a complex network architecture. The method provided by the invention is obviously different from the traditional IP positioning method. Conventional IP location methods typically utilize the round trip time of packets in the network to estimate the distance between IPs. The present invention uses the number of hops that packets are routed through the network to estimate the distance between the target host (target IP) and a large number of known location hosts (hereinafter "landmark IPs") and infer the location of the target host therefrom.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
An IP positioning method based on routing hop count comprises the following steps:
constructing a network topology: a positioning server sends a traceroute message to each IP address, records routing information and establishes a network topology;
finding the shortest routing path: obtaining the shortest routing path and the routing hop number between the IPs according to the network topology or the traceroute path;
estimating the routing radius: estimating the corresponding relation between the hop count in the range of the set route hop count of the landmark IP and the actual physical distance between the route nodes by utilizing the existing data set;
calculating a physical position for IP positioning: and calculating the physical distance between the IPs through the routing hop count of the shortest routing path and the estimated routing radius, and positioning the target IP to the landmark IP closest to the physical distance of the target IP.
Preferably, in the network topology construction, a traceroute request is sent to all IP addresses from a positioning server, routing information is collected, a routing node is used as a network node, and a forwarding relation is used as a network edge to construct a network topology graph.
Preferably, in the searching for the shortest routing path, the last common router in the routing paths from the same positioning server to two different IP addresses is searched according to traceroute collected in the network topology construction, so as to determine the shortest routing path and the routing hop count thereof between the IPs through the last common router.
Preferably, in the estimated routing radius, a corresponding relationship between the hop count within the set routing hop count range of the landmark IP and the actual physical distance is estimated according to the IP in the existing data set and the physical location information thereof, and the corresponding relationship is the routing radius.
Preferably, the expression of the correspondence relationship is:
Figure BDA0002117091920000021
wherein r isiThe physical distance corresponding to each hop in the routing hop number range is set by the ith landmark IP in the data set,
Figure BDA0002117091920000031
is the physical distance between the two landmark IPs,
Figure BDA0002117091920000032
the number of route hops between two landmark IPs;
Figure BDA0002117091920000033
N＝|Lii is the number of collection elements, VlA set of nodes representing all landmark IPs, T is a set threshold value used for filtering the landmark IPs
Figure BDA0002117091920000034
IP whose distance between them is greater than the threshold T; and the route hops in the set route hop range are all smaller than a threshold value T.
Preferably, in the IP positioning by calculating the physical location, the target IP is positioned to the landmark IP
Figure BDA0002117091920000035
The expression of the physical location of (a) is:
Figure BDA0002117091920000036
wherein:
Figure BDA0002117091920000037
representing estimated target IP
Figure BDA0002117091920000038
With landmark IP
Figure BDA0002117091920000039
The physical distance between the two or more of them,
Figure BDA00021170919200000310
is the estimated IP of the landmark with the closest physical distance thetakSet of landmark IP (Internet protocol) indicating that the hop count of the landmark IP and the target IP are within the set route hop count range (less than threshold value T)
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the IP positioning method based on the routing hop count is an IP positioning strategy designed aiming at the Internet situation of a complex network architecture, utilizes the routing hop count as the basis for estimating the geographic distance, overcomes various problems of the traditional IP positioning strategy when being applied to a network with the complex network architecture, particularly the problem that network delay is influenced by network equipment, and further meets the requirements of low cost and high precision of IP positioning.
2. The IP positioning method based on the route hop number provided by the invention has the advantages of small preparation workload, especially small quantity of the road sign servers, short preparation time, and realization of long-term, large-range, stable and high-precision IP positioning service only by updating data at low frequency after one-time preparation.
3. The IP positioning method based on the route hop number provided by the invention is particularly optimized for different conditions of different networks, and can better adapt to local network environment compared with the traditional IP positioning strategy, thereby ensuring the stability of the IP positioning service in a large range.
4. Compared with the traditional IP positioning strategy, the IP positioning method based on the routing hop count provided by the invention can realize quick and high-precision IP positioning under the condition of unstable network delay by only needing a small amount of early preparation.
5. The IP positioning method based on the route hop number only needs one positioning server to send a traceroute request once, and the cost is low.
6. The IP positioning method based on the route hop number can effectively adapt to the complex network structure similar to the Chinese Internet and carry out accurate IP positioning.
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Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method of an IP positioning method based on route forwarding hop count according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a case of finding the shortest routing path according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples illustrate the invention in detail: the embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical scheme of the invention, and a detailed implementation mode and a specific operation process are given. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides an IP positioning method based on route forwarding hop number, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, network topology construction: a positioning server sends a traceroute message to each IP address, records routing information and establishes a network topology;
step 2, finding the shortest routing path: obtaining the shortest route and route hop number between the IPs according to the network topology or traceroute established in the step 1;
step 3, estimating the routing radius: estimating the corresponding relation between the hop count within a certain hop count range of the landmark IP and the actual physical distance between the routing nodes by utilizing the existing data set;
step 4, calculating the physical position to perform IP positioning: and calculating the physical distance between the IPs according to the routing hop count of the shortest routing path obtained in the step 2 and the estimated routing radius in the step 3, and positioning the target IP to the landmark IP with the closest physical distance.
The method provided in the above embodiment of the present invention is adopted in combination with the actual internet situation in China to further describe the specific implementation process of each step in detail.
The IP positioning method based on the route hop count provided by the above embodiment of the present invention mainly comprises four steps, which are: constructing a network topology, searching a shortest routing path, estimating a routing radius and calculating a physical position for IP positioning. The effects of these four steps are as follows:
constructing a network topology: obtaining a network topological graph through a traceroute command to prepare for searching the shortest path subsequently;
finding the shortest path: searching the shortest route according to the network topology obtained in the last step and calculating the hop count of the shortest route to prepare for estimating the route radius and the final IP positioning;
estimating the routing radius: estimating the routing radius near the IP of different landmarks according to the IP of the existing data set and the corresponding physical position, and estimating and positioning the physical position of the target IP;
calculating a physical position for IP positioning: and calculating the actual physical position of the target IP and positioning the physical position as the last step of the method.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
1. network topology construction
To obtain the network topology, the present embodiment needs to obtain the network topology from a positioning server (message sending starting point, i.e. the network topology is obtained by the positioning serverping) Traceroute measurements are made to all target IPs as well as landmark IPs. According to each traceroute path, nodes and edges are added to the topology G in this embodiment. It is worth noting that G is just a subgraph topology of a real network, but this subgraph is sufficient for accurate IP positioning. In addition, in the embodiment, only one effective positioning server is used for sending a traceroute request once, and the positioning effect can be slightly improved by increasing the number of servers or increasing the number of requests.
2. Finding the shortest routing path
After the network topology G is obtained, the last common router is searched along the traceroute path from the positioning server to the different IP. Is provided with
Figure BDA0002117091920000051
In order for the target IP node to be,
Figure BDA0002117091920000052
is a landmark IP node and is used as a landmark,
Figure BDA0002117091920000053
is the last public router. The shortest path between two nodes can be determined and the number of routing hops between is
Figure BDA0002117091920000054
As shown in fig. 2.
It is emphasized that because the landmarks and objects are within the same small range, the shortest path is also within a small range, thus assuming that each routing hop count corresponds to a finite physical distance. Next, how to estimate the physical distance corresponding to the routing hop count will be described in detail.
3. Estimating routing radius
Due to each timeThe last hops of a routing path are physically present in a limited range (e.g., in an office building, in a block), and the present embodiment can estimate the physical distance covered by the number of routing hops near each landmark IP, so as to estimate the target IP distance. This embodiment gives a different physical distance estimate to routes near each landmark IP (within a certain hop count range), which results in better positioning accuracy. In more detail, IP is applied to each landmark
Figure BDA0002117091920000061
Assume the coverage radius r of the routers in its vicinityiAre the same (but the radii near different landmarks are different). Using landmark IP
Figure BDA0002117091920000062
All satisfied relationships in the vicinity
Figure BDA0002117091920000063
Landmark IPvl∈VlMaking an estimate, where T is a threshold, for filtering off-landmark IPs
Figure BDA0002117091920000064
The IP that is too far away is,
Figure BDA0002117091920000065
the number of routing hops between the two IPs.
The specific calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002117091920000066
wherein r isiIs the physical distance corresponding to each hop within a certain routing hop number range (less than a threshold value T) of the ith landmark IP in the data set,
Figure BDA0002117091920000067
is the physical distance between the two landmark IPs,
Figure BDA0002117091920000068
the number of routing hops between the two landmark IPs.
Figure BDA0002117091920000069
N＝|LiI is the number of collection elements, VlA set of nodes representing all landmark IPs, T representing a threshold for filtering landmark IPs
Figure BDA00021170919200000610
Too far IP.
4. Calculating physical location for IP positioning
The physical distance can be finally calculated and the target IP can be positioned according to the various information obtained in the steps. And (4) combining the routing hop number between the target IP and the landmark IP and multiplying the routing hop number by the estimated routing radius near the landmark IP to estimate the physical distance between the target IP and different landmark IPs, and finally positioning the target IP to the physical position of the landmark IP with the minimum estimated physical distance. The specific mathematical expression formula is as follows:
Figure BDA00021170919200000611
wherein:
Figure BDA0002117091920000071
representing estimated target IP
Figure BDA0002117091920000072
With landmark IP
Figure BDA0002117091920000073
The physical distance between the two or more of them,
Figure BDA0002117091920000074
is the estimated IP of the landmark with the closest physical distance thetakSet of landmark IPs representing hop counts within a certain route hop count range (less than threshold T) from a target IP route
The IP positioning method based on routing hop count provided in the above embodiment of the present invention estimates the physical location of the target IP by using hop count information (instead of delay information) in traceroute, and performs accurate and stable positioning. The last hops of network packet routing often occur within a physically constrained area (e.g., an office building, a neighborhood), and the approximate shortest route hop count between the target IP and the landmark IP can be calculated by finding the last common router IP of the path from the location server to the target IP and the landmark IP. The approximate functional relation between the routing hop number near the public router and the actual physical distance can be estimated through fitting of large-scale data, so that the actual physical distance between the target IP and the landmark IP is obtained, and IP positioning is realized. The IP positioning method is based on the route hop count instead of the route delay, so that the method is not influenced by the unstable delay of the network message processing and forwarding. The positioning method can realize accurate and stable IP positioning only by sending a traceroute command once by one positioning server.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. An IP positioning method based on route hop count is characterized by comprising the following steps:
constructing a network topology: the positioning server sends routing messages to all IP addresses, records routing information and establishes network topology;
finding the shortest routing path: according to the network topology or the routing path, the shortest routing path and the routing hop number between the IPs are obtained, which specifically comprises the following steps:
searching the final public router along the routing path from the positioning server to different IPs when the network topology G is obtained; is provided with
Figure FDA0003031691980000011
In order for the target IP node to be,
Figure FDA0003031691980000012
is a landmark IP node and is used as a landmark,
Figure FDA0003031691980000013
for the last common router, the shortest path between two nodes can be determined and the number of routing hops between them is
Figure FDA0003031691980000014
Estimating the routing radius: the existing data set is used for estimating the corresponding relation between the hop count in the range of the landmark IP set routing hop count and the actual physical distance between the routing nodes, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
in the estimated routing radius, estimating the corresponding relation between the hop count within the range of the set routing hop count of the landmark IP and the actual physical distance between the routing nodes according to the IP in the existing data set and the physical position information thereof, wherein the corresponding relation is the routing radius; the expression of the corresponding relation is as follows:
Figure FDA0003031691980000015
wherein r isiThe physical distance corresponding to each hop in the routing hop number range is set by the ith landmark IP in the data set,
Figure FDA0003031691980000016
is the physical distance between the two landmark IPs,
Figure FDA0003031691980000017
the number of route hops between two landmark IPs;
Figure FDA0003031691980000018
N＝|Lii is the number of collection elements, VlA set of nodes representing all landmark IPs, T is a set threshold value and is used for filtering the landmark IPs
Figure FDA0003031691980000019
IP whose distance between them is greater than the threshold T; the route hops in the set route hop range are all smaller than a threshold value T;
calculating a physical position for IP positioning: calculating the physical distance between the IPs according to the route hop number of the shortest route and the estimated route radius, and positioning the target IP to the landmark IP closest to the physical distance of the target IP;
in the IP positioning by calculating the physical position, the target IP is positioned to the landmark IP
Figure FDA0003031691980000021
The expression of the physical location of (a) is:
Figure FDA0003031691980000022
Figure FDA0003031691980000023
Figure FDA0003031691980000024
wherein:
Figure FDA0003031691980000025
representing estimated target IP
Figure FDA0003031691980000026
With landmark IP
Figure FDA0003031691980000027
The physical distance between the two or more of them,
Figure FDA0003031691980000028
to estimated physicsNearest landmark IP, thetakAnd indicating the set of landmark IPs with the target IP routing hop count within the set routing hop count range.
2. The IP positioning method based on routing hop count as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the network topology construction, a routing request is sent once from a positioning server to all IP addresses, routing information is collected, and a network topology graph is constructed with routing nodes as network nodes and forwarding relations as network edges.
3. The IP positioning method based on routing hops as recited in claim 1, wherein in the searching for the shortest routing path, the last public router in the routing paths from the same positioning server to two different IP addresses is searched according to the routes collected in the network topology construction, so as to determine the shortest routing path between IPs and the routing hops thereof through the last public router.
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