CN110473514A - A kind of device and method obtaining Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude - Google Patents
A kind of device and method obtaining Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude Download PDFInfo
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- CN110473514A CN110473514A CN201910711541.8A CN201910711541A CN110473514A CN 110473514 A CN110473514 A CN 110473514A CN 201910711541 A CN201910711541 A CN 201910711541A CN 110473514 A CN110473514 A CN 110473514A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
- G10K11/22—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound for conducting sound through hollow pipes, e.g. speaking tubes
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of device and methods for obtaining Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude, device it have straight round tube standing wave tube and loudspeaker, it is characterized in that the osculum end of the straight round tube standing wave tube left end connection conical opening, portlet diameter is identical as straight round tube standing wave tube, the big opening end of conical opening connects isodiametric loudspeaker, the left end of straight round tube standing wave tube and right end are separately connected microphone A and microphone B, two microphones are connect with digital collection analyzer simultaneously, loudspeaker is connect with power amplifier, power amplifier is connect with digital collection analyzer again, digital collection analyzer is also connect with monitoring computer, the pure standing wave of large amplitude for being greater than 180dB is generated as excitation resonant frequency by the peak value respective frequencies in the sound pressure level transmission function at determination straight round tube standing wave tube both ends.The present invention can stably obtain 180dB and the above sound pressure level and the regular distortionless pure standing wave of large amplitude of waveform, for theoretical research and expanded application range and lay a good foundation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of acoustics, specifically a kind of device and method for obtaining Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude.
Background technique
The pure standing wave of large amplitude can be used for the calibration of microphone, chemical reaction process control and acoustic levitation driving thermoacoustic
Engine, to realize the functions such as acoustic refrigeration harmony pump, since thermoacoustic engine has excellent environmental-protecting performance, large amplitude is pure
The production of standing wave is even more to be concerned by people.
Straight round tube standing wave guard system is to generate Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude structure acoustic apparatus the simplest, by one section of round tube one end
Sound source identical with diameter is connected, and other end closing can be obtained.But if in pipe being Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude, due to Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude
It is non-linear, manage in sound field can generate the physical effects such as acoustic streaming, acoustic radiation pressure and wave distortion, in addition manage in large amplitude
The complexity that standing wave nonlinear governing equation solves brings and generates the pure standing wave of large amplitude using straight round tube standing wave guard system
It is difficult.
The nonlinear effect for wanting observational study Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude to be showed inhibits the non-linear effect of standing wave to find
It answers, generates pure Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude, first have to generate Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude in pipe.To generate big vibration in straight round tube standing wave tube
Width standing wave, people traditionally directly adopt loudspeaker as sound source, and driving frequency is that straight round tube standing wave tube both ends acoustic pressure transmits letter
Resonant frequency corresponding to number valleies, but with the method, generated Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude sound pressure level is less than 180 in pipe
DB, and wave distortion is serious.This problem is educational circles and industry unsolved project so far.Referring specifically to following document:
Coppens A B and Sanders J Y. Finite amplitude waves in rigid walled
tubes. J. Acousl. Soc. Am.,1968.43(3): 516-529；Maa Dahyou, Liu Ke. Sturation
of non-linear standing waves. Science in China(series A), 1996, 45: 841-854；
Tetsushi B, Taichi Y. Observation of energy cascade creating periodic shock
waves in a resonator. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 2010, 127: 1189-1192；Min Qi, Peng Feng,
The experimental study acoustic journal of Yin's small pot with a handle and a spout for boiling water or herbal medicine, Liu Ke abrupt-change cross section standing wave tube and high pure stationary field, 2010,35 (2):
185-191；Min Qi, Peng Feng, Yin Yao, Liu Ke. Experimental investigation on
standing-wave tube with abrupt section and extremely nonlinear pure standing-
wave field. Chinese Journal of Acoustics,2010, 29(4):321-330；Min Qi, Yin's small pot with a handle and a spout for boiling water or herbal medicine, Lee
The experimental study acoustic journal of Xiao Dong, Liu Ke conical gradual change section standing wave tube and its high pure stationary field, 2011,
36(6): 645-651；Min Qi, Yin Yao, Li Xiaodong, Liu Ke. Experimental study on
the standing-wave tube with tapered section and its extremely nonlinear
standing-wave field. Chinese Journal of Acoustics,2011, 30(4):371-378；Min Qi,
The detuning standing wave tube of Liu Ke and its high pure stationary field Quality Research Acta Physica Sinica, 2011,60 (2): 363-371；
Min, Qi, Zhang Qing-You, Tian Jia-Jin, Wang Quan-Biao, He Wan-Quan. A study
on the dissonant standing-wave tube with variable section and its extremely
nonlinear standing-wave field. Phys. Lett. A, 2012, 377: 99–106。
Summary of the invention
For this purpose, the present invention proposes a kind of device and method for obtaining Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude, enable to stably obtain 180dB
And the above sound pressure level and the regular distortionless pure standing wave of large amplitude of waveform, preferably experiment base is provided for correlation theory research
Plinth expands the application range of Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude.
The purpose of the present invention is realized by following means:
A kind of device obtaining Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude, it has straight round tube standing wave tube and loudspeaker, it is characterised in that the straight round tube is stayed
Wave duct left end connects the osculum end of conical opening, and portlet diameter is identical as straight round tube standing wave tube, the big opening end connection of conical opening
Isodiametric loudspeaker, the left end of straight round tube standing wave tube and right end are separately connected microphone A and microphone B, and two microphones are same
When connect with digital collection analyzer, loudspeaker is connect with power amplifier, and power amplifier is connect with digital collection analyzer again, digital collection point
Analyzer is also connect with monitoring computer.
The diameter of the straight round tube standing wave tube is not more than 1/10th of loudspeaker diameter, and conical opening length is no more than straight circle
The one third of pipe standing wave length of tube.
The material of conical opening and straight round tube is metal material.
Connection type between loudspeaker and conical opening is to be bolted, the connection of straight round tube standing wave tube and conical opening osculum end
It realizing by adapter ring, drilling installation microphone A, straight round tube standing wave tube right end have metallic sealed cover to fix on ring-side wall of transferring,
Sealing cover centre drilling installation microphone B, measures the acoustical signal at straight round tube standing wave tube both ends respectively.
A method of obtaining Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude, it is characterised in that have the following steps:
(1) left end of straight round tube standing wave tube is connected with the osculum end of conical opening, the big opening end of conical opening connects isodiametric loudspeaking
Microphone A and microphone B are installed the left and right ends of device, straight round tube standing wave tube respectively；
(2) loudspeaker is connect with power amplifier, power amplifier is connect with digital collection instrument again, digital collection instrument also simultaneously with microphone A, pass
Sound device B is connected with monitoring computer.These connections are electrical connection.
(3) the sound pressure level transmission function that white noise determines straight round tube standing wave tube both ends is generated by loudspeaker；
(4) it is generated using the peak value respective frequencies of sound pressure level transmission function as excitation resonant frequency big greater than 180dB or more
The pure standing wave of amplitude.
The diameter of straight round tube standing wave tube in step (1) is not more than 1/10th of loudspeaker diameter, and conical opening length is not
Greater than the one third of straight round tube standing wave length of tube.
Loudspeaker is woofer in step (1), and diameter 300mm, rated output power 400W, peak power is
2000W, conical opening length 500mm, is crimped by the steel plate of thickness 5mm；Straight round tube standing wave tube uses galvanized pipe, pipe range
2000mm, overall diameter 42.4mm, thickness of pipe wall 3.5mm；Microphone greatest measurement is 194dB；Signal gathering analysis meter is hundred million permanent
MI7008；Power amplifier single channel peak power output is 2500W.
The peak value of sound pressure level transmission function, selects single order peak resonant frequency as driving frequency in step (4).
The beneficial technical effect of the present invention lies in: Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude guard system total quality is enough that generation large amplitude is overcome to stay
Sound source and the vibration of standing wave tube standing internal wave bring when wave.Driving frequency when generating Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude is no longer following traditional straight
Resonant frequency corresponding to the sound pressure level transmission function valley of round tube standing wave tube both ends, but straight round tube standing wave tube both ends sound pressure level passes
Resonant frequency corresponding to delivery function peak value, standing wave tube sound source end radiation impedance correspond to soft-sided circle.Improved straight round tube standing wave
Pipe pipe range is approximately the odd-multiple of generated Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude wavelength a quarter in pipe.
The pure standing wave of large amplitude that improved Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude guard system can produce 180 dB or more.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is existing traditional Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude guard system structural schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the sound pressure level transfer curve figure that straight round tube standing wave tube both ends measurement of the invention obtains.
Fig. 4 is straight round tube standing wave tube sound source end acoustic impedance waveform diagram of the invention.
Fig. 5 is that traditional Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude guard system straight round tube standing wave tube under single order valley resonant frequency 88.1Hz excitation is right
The time domain waveform of the obtained 169.9dB standing wave in end face.
Fig. 6 is that traditional Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude guard system straight round tube standing wave tube under single order valley resonant frequency 88.1Hz excitation is right
The spectrum waveform figure of the obtained 169.9dB standing wave in end face.
Fig. 7 is Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude guard system of the present invention straight round tube standing wave tube under single order peak resonant frequency 43.8Hz excitation
The time domain waveform of the obtained 182.1dB standing wave in right side.
Fig. 8 is Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude guard system of the present invention straight round tube standing wave tube under single order peak resonant frequency 43.8Hz excitation
The spectrum waveform figure of the obtained 182.1dB standing wave in right side.
In Fig. 1-2, the label of each components is as follows:
1- loudspeaker；2- conical opening；3- bolt；The straight round tube standing wave tube of 4-；5- adapter ring；6- sealing cover；7- microphone A；8- is passed
Sound device B；9- digital collection instrument；10- power amplifier；11- monitors computer.Adapter ring is a pipe fitting, it has internal screw thread, with conical opening
External screw thread on osculum end and straight round tube standing wave tube is cooperatively connected.Microphone A be exactly by adapter ring ring wall or claim side
Drilling installation on wall.The same internal thread bottle cap of the structure of sealing cover cooperates with the external screw thread on straight round tube standing wave tube
Sealing is tightened, microphone B is exactly the central part drilling installation in sealing cover.
1 '-loudspeaker；2 '-straight round tube standing wave tubes；3 '-adapter rings；4 '-sealing covers；5 '-microphone A；6 '-microphone B；
7 '-digital collection instrument；8 '-power amplifiers；9 '-monitoring computers.
Specific embodiment
Advantageous effects of the invention are further described with example with reference to the accompanying drawing.
The structure of the straight round tube standing wave system of existing tradition large amplitude is as shown in Figure 2.Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude guard system can be divided into
Three parts, it may be assumed that sound source portion, standing wave tube portion, signal collection and analysis part.
To obtain Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude in standing wave tube, traditionally people directly adopt loudspeaker as sound source, diameter with raise
Identical, the closed at one end straight round tube of sound device diameter is standing wave tube, microphone, digital collection analyzer, power amplifier and monitoring computer group
At signal collection and analysis part.The label of each section is as shown above.
Straight round tube standing wave tube is metal material, and left side is connected and fixed by metal adapter ring with sound source loudspeaker, right end
Face is fixed by metal sealing.
Left end metal adapter ring side wall drilling installation microphone A, right side metal cover centre drilling installation microphone
B.Microphone is connect with digital collection analyzer, and the acoustical signal measured handles analysis by digital collection analyzer in real time.
Digital collection analyzer is connect by power amplifier with sound source loudspeaker, and pumping signal is generated by digital collection analyzer,
Loudspeaker vibration is driven to generate sound field after power amplifier amplifies.
Monitoring computer is connected with digital collection analyzer, for implementing online prison in real time to entire Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude guard system
It surveys.
Loudspeaker driving frequency when generating Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude is straight round tube standing wave tube both ends sound pressure level transmission function valley
Corresponding resonant frequency, standing wave tube sound source end radiation impedance correspond to bounds.Straight round tube standing wave tube pipe range is approximately to be produced in pipe
The even-multiple of raw Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude wavelength a quarter.
With this conventional method, Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude sound pressure level obtained is less than 180 dB in standing wave tube.
Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude guard system of the invention still consists of three parts, i.e., sound source portion, standing wave tube portion and signal are adopted
Collection and analysis part.Complete Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude guard system is as shown in Figure 1 after improvement.The label of each components institute as above in system
It states.
Wherein, improved Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude guard system signal collection and analysis part with it is traditional identical.
The sound source portion of improved Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude guard system is no longer only loudspeaker, but uses heavy caliber high power
The combination of loudspeaker and conical opening is as sound source.Improved standing wave tube is still straight round tube standing wave tube, but selected straight round tube
Diameter is much smaller than sound source loudspeaker diameter, less than 1/10th of loudspeaker diameter.
The conical opening of composition sound source is process using steel plate curling, plays the role of convergence sound function.Conical opening big opening end
Diameter is identical as loudspeaker diameter, is connected and fixed with loudspeaker by bolt and flange ring.Conical opening osculum end diameter and straight circle
Pipe standing wave pipe diameter is identical, is connected and fixed by metal adapter ring and straight round tube standing wave tube left side, and conical opening length is less than straight
The one third of round tube standing wave tube pipe range.
Similarly, straight round tube standing wave tube right side is sealed by metal cover and is fixed.Straight round tube standing wave tube left end adapter ring
Side wall drilling installation microphone A, right end cover centre drilling installation microphone B, measure the acoustical signal at standing wave tube both ends respectively.
Improved Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude guard system total quality is enough to overcome sound source and standing wave tube when generating Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude
The vibration of standing internal wave bring.Driving frequency when generating Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude is no longer straight round tube standing wave tube both ends sound traditional above
Resonant frequency corresponding to transmission function of arbitrarily downgrading valley, but corresponding to the sound pressure level transmission function peak value of straight round tube standing wave tube both ends
Resonant frequency, standing wave tube sound source end radiation impedance corresponds to soft-sided circle.Improved straight round tube standing wave tube pipe range is approximately institute in pipe
The odd-multiple of the Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude wavelength a quarter of generation.
The pure standing wave of large amplitude that improved Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude guard system can produce 180 dB or more.
Improved actual effect
Improved heavy caliber high-power loudspeaker uses Kenwood KFC-W3016 woofer, diameter 300mm, rated output
Power is 400W, and peak power is 2000 W.Conical opening length is 500mm, by crimping with a thickness of the steel plate of 5mm.As above
Described, straight round tube standing wave tube uses galvanized pipe, pipe range 2000mm, overall diameter 42.4mm, thickness of pipe wall 3.5mm.Two microphones are
U.S. PCB 378A12, greatest measurement are 194 dB, are distorted less than 3%.Signal gathering analysis meter is hundred million perseverance MI7008.Power amplifier
Using peak CA38, single channel peak power output is 2500 W.Experiment measurement carries out under laboratory temperature and atmospheric pressure.
Fig. 3 show sound pressure level transmission function measured by straight round tube standing wave tube right side and left side.Transmission function
Valley and the corresponding frequency of peak value are resonant frequency, are referred to as straight round tube standing wave tube valley resonant frequency and peak value work frequency
Rate, the latter are sometimes referred to as antiresonant frequency.
Valley resonant frequency and peak resonant frequency are evenly distributed on frequency domain, and high order resonance frequency is approximately that single order is total
Vibration frequency integral multiple illustrates that straight round tube standing wave tube is not belonging to detuning standing wave tube.
Driving frequency when traditional Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude guard system generation Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude is valley resonant frequency, and is improved
The driving frequency for generating Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude afterwards is peak resonant frequency.
Fig. 4 is the numerical result that straight round tube standing wave tube sound source end radiates that acoustic impedance is distributed on frequency domain.It can be seen by Fig. 4
Out, the corresponding radiation resistance of valley resonant frequency and anti-amplitude are very big, with the increase of resonant frequency order, resistance and anti-width
Value is sequentially reduced.The corresponding resistance value of single order valley resonant frequency reaches.And peak resonant frequency is corresponding
Resistance and anti-almost all go to zero.
Traditional Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude guard system due to generate standing wave when using valley resonant frequency motivate, radiation resistance and
Anti- amplitude is very big, and sound source end corresponds to radiation bounds, so staying using loudspeaker as what sound source generated in standing wave tube
Wave sound is arbitrarily downgraded but, and wave distortion is serious.Driving frequency when improved Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude guard system generates standing wave is
Peak resonant frequency, radiation resistance and anti-amplitude go to zero, i.e., sound source end corresponds to radiation soft-sided circle, and sound source conical opening rises in addition
To the effect of convergence sound function, so as to generate the pure standing wave of the higher large amplitude of sound pressure level.
It is respectively that improved Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude guard system uses traditional single order valley resonant frequency shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6
88.1Hz excitation, the straight right closed end of round tube standing wave tube sound pressure level obtained are up to time domain wave corresponding to 169.9 dB standing waves
Shape and frequency spectrum.Standing wave wavelength a quarter is about 1000mm, and standing wave tube pipe range is its 2 times.
Although Particle Vibration Velocity amplitude is 22.1 m/s from waveform diagram as can be seen that sound pressure level only reaches 169.9 dB,
But time domain waveform distortion is very serious.Due to standing wave nonlinear effect, time domain waveform is integrally translated up, positive and negative maximum amplitude
It is respectivelyPa andPa.Each harmonic sound pressure level is sequentially reduced it can be seen from frequency spectrum.From spectrogram
As can be seen that secondary, triple-frequency harmonics sound pressure level is respectively 160.7 dB and 145.4 dB when fundamental wave sound pressure level is 169.9 dB.
Wave distortion has reached 34.7%.
It is respectively that improved Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude guard system uses single order peak resonant frequency 43.8Hz shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8
Excitation, the straight right closed end of round tube standing wave tube sound pressure level obtained are up to time domain waveform and frequency corresponding to 182.1 dB standing waves
Spectrum.Standing wave wavelength a quarter is about 2000mm, and standing wave tube pipe range is its 1 times.
Although Particle Vibration Velocity amplitude has been more than 90 m/s from the waveforms it can be seen that sound pressure level has reached 182.1 dB,
But time domain waveform is still kept as very regular.Due to the appearance of nonlinear effect such as radiation pressure in standing wave tube, time domain waveform is whole
Translation downwards.Positive and negative maximum amplitude respectively reachesPa andPa, superatmospheric four/
One.It can be seen from frequency spectrum fundamental wave sound pressure level be 182.1 dB when, secondary, triple-frequency harmonics sound pressure level be respectively 151.7 dB and
150.3 dB.Wave distortionOnly 28.2%.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of device for obtaining Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude, it has straight round tube standing wave tube and loudspeaker, it is characterised in that the straight round tube
Standing wave tube left end connects the osculum end of conical opening, and portlet diameter is identical as straight round tube standing wave tube, and the big opening end of conical opening connects
Isodiametric loudspeaker is connect, the left end of straight round tube standing wave tube and right end are separately connected microphone A and microphone B, and two microphones are equal
It is connect simultaneously with digital collection analyzer, loudspeaker is connect with power amplifier, and power amplifier is connect with digital collection analyzer again, digital collection
Analyzer is also connect with monitoring computer.
2. obtaining the device of Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the diameter of straight round tube standing wave tube is little
In 1/10th of loudspeaker diameter, conical opening length is not more than the one third of straight round tube standing wave length of tube.
3. obtaining the device of Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the material of conical opening and straight round tube is equal
For metal material.
4. obtaining the device of Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the connection between loudspeaker and conical opening
Mode is to be bolted, and the connection at straight round tube standing wave tube and conical opening osculum end is realized by adapter ring, is bored on ring-side wall of transferring
Microphone A is installed in hole, and straight round tube standing wave tube right end has metallic sealed cover to fix, sealing cover centre drilling installation microphone B, point
The acoustical signal at straight round tube standing wave tube both ends is not measured.
5. a kind of method for obtaining Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude, it is characterised in that have the following steps:
(1) left end of straight round tube standing wave tube is connected with the osculum end of conical opening, the big opening end of conical opening connects isodiametric loudspeaking
Microphone A and microphone B are installed the left and right ends of device, straight round tube standing wave tube respectively；
(2) loudspeaker is connect with power amplifier, power amplifier is connect with digital collection instrument again, digital collection instrument also simultaneously with microphone A, pass
Sound device B is connected with monitoring computer；
(3) the sound pressure level transmission function that white noise determines straight round tube standing wave tube both ends is generated by loudspeaker；
(4) it is generated using the peak value respective frequencies of sound pressure level transmission function as excitation resonant frequency big greater than 180dB or more
The pure standing wave of amplitude.
6. obtaining the method for Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the straight round tube standing wave tube in step (1)
Diameter be not more than loudspeaker diameter 1/10th, conical opening length be not more than straight round tube standing wave length of tube one third.
7. obtaining the method for Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude according to claim 5, it is characterised in that loudspeaker is bass loudspeaker in step (1)
, diameter 300mm, rated output power 400W, peak power 2000W, conical opening length 500mm, by the steel of thickness 5mm
Coiled sheet Qu Ercheng；Straight round tube standing wave tube uses galvanized pipe, pipe range 2000mm, overall diameter 42.4mm, thickness of pipe wall 3.5mm；Microphone
Greatest measurement is 194dB；Signal gathering analysis meter is hundred million perseverance MI7008；Power amplifier single channel peak power output is 2500W.
8. obtaining the method for Standing Waves of Finite Amplitude according to claim 5, it is characterised in that sound pressure level transmission function in step (4)
Peak value, select single order peak value as excitation resonant frequency.
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| QI MIN ETC: ""A study on the dissonant standing-wave tube with variable section and its extremely nonlinear standing-wave field"", 《CONTENTS LISTS AVAILABLE AT SCIVERSE SCIENCEDIRECT》 * |
| 闵绮 等: ""失谐驻波管及其极高纯净驻波场性质的研究"", 《物理学报》 * |
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