CN110470516A - 一种采用复配固化剂利用正交实验研究固化效果的方法 - Google Patents

一种采用复配固化剂利用正交实验研究固化效果的方法 Download PDF

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CN110470516A
CN110470516A CN201910787196.6A CN201910787196A CN110470516A CN 110470516 A CN110470516 A CN 110470516A CN 201910787196 A CN201910787196 A CN 201910787196A CN 110470516 A CN110470516 A CN 110470516A
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curing agent
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solidification effect
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赵林
万雪娇
郑怡然
曹想
刘川
田志辉
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Tianjin University
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    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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    • GPHYSICS
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    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/71Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
    • G01N21/73Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited using plasma burners or torches
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces

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Abstract

本发明公开一种采用复配固化剂利用正交实验研究固化效果的方法,疏浚底泥无害化处理过程中,利用常用固化剂生石灰、粉煤灰和膨润土、硫酸钙复配固化底泥中污染物的方法。河湖底泥中含有较多的重金属及有毒有机物,如果不进行无害化处理直接利用将对环境造成二次污染。本发明通过固化剂的选择、复配,对疏浚底泥进行固化处理和固化效果分析研究。固化剂的配比方式分为3大组,15小组,通过无侧限抗压强度和固体废物浸出毒性测定最佳固化剂配比。结果表明,固化剂掺量为生石灰:粉煤灰:膨润土:硫酸钙=2:2:1:2最为合适。

Description

一种采用复配固化剂利用正交实验研究固化效果的方法
技术领域
本发明属于底泥无害化处理领域,涉及一种采用复配固化剂利用正交实验研究固化效果的方法。
背景技术
目前,污泥处理方法应用较多的是堆肥、热干化、固化、生物修复。相对于其他处理技术,固化稳定化技术具有处理时间短、操作简单、适用范围广等优点。常用的土壤重金属固化/稳定剂主要包括水泥、石灰、粉煤灰等无机固化材料;沥青等热塑性材料;尿素、环氧化物、酚醛塑料等热硬化有机聚合物;玻璃质物质。由于技术、费用等方面的原因,水泥、石灰、粉煤灰等无机固化材料应用较为广泛。
近年来,关于膨润土和无机盐的研究越来越多,本发明在添加固定比例的粉煤灰、生石灰的情况下,通过添加一定比例的膨润土、硫酸钙来观察其对传统固化剂的影响效果。本发明研究过程是通过对试件进行一定时间的养护,根据《公路土工试验规程》测定试件的抗压强度;通过固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法-水平振荡法评价固化底泥浸出风险及对环境的危害。根据经济性和实用性选用最佳配比固化剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种采用复配固化剂利用正交实验研究固化效果的方法。
本发明的技术方案包括以下内容:
1)试件制备:称取1800g经初步处理过的供试底泥,加入预定量的石灰、粉煤灰、膨润土和硫酸钙拌和均匀。试验共设15组,每组做三个试件。混合均匀后试样分3次装入70.7×70.7×70.7mm的试模,24h后脱模,脱模后的试件涂一薄层凡士林,并覆盖一层薄膜。
固化剂掺量为生石灰:粉煤灰:膨润土:硫酸钙=2:2:1:2。
2)无侧限抗压强度测定:试件分别养护7天、14天、28天后,将试样放在应变控制式无侧限测定仪加压板上,转动手轮,使其与上压板刚好接触,调测力计百分表读数为零点。然后反时针转动摇把,电机以每分钟加压板推进2-4mm,直至土样破损,此时在百分表上读数,计算轴向应力,以求得无侧限抗压强度。
3)固体废物浸出毒性测定:试验采用《固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法—水平振荡法》对养护一定时间的试样进行浸出毒性浸出。经硝酸酸化后通过ICP-OES测定浸出液中重金属的浓度。
有益效果:在传统固化剂的基础上,通过添加不同比例的膨润土、硫酸钙,使复配固化剂对底泥固化效果更好。
附图说明
图1是本发明的装模后试件;
图2是本发明的脱模后试件;
图3是本发明的7d试件无侧限抗压强度;
图4是本发明的14d试件无侧限抗压强度;
图5是本发明的28d试件无侧限抗压强度。
具体实施方式
以下是通过具体实施方式对本发明详细说明。本发明的具体实施方式是为了更好地使本领域的技术人员理解本发明,不对本发明的范围作任何限制。
下面通过粉煤灰、生石灰、膨润土、硫酸钙复配,通过测量试件无侧限抗压强度、固体废物浸出毒性评估复配固化剂的固化效果。
1)试件制备:称取1800g经初步处理过的供试底泥,加入预定量的石灰、粉煤灰、膨润土和硫酸钙拌和均匀,如果必要,加入适量的水。具体配合比见表1。试验共设15组,每组做三个试件。混合均匀后试样分3次装入70.7×70.7×70.7mm的试模,每次灌入后用夯棒轻轻均匀插实,保持试样平滑。24h后脱模,脱模后的试件涂一薄层凡士林,并覆盖一层薄膜(防止水分挥发过快,材料开裂)。然后放在密闭玻璃橱窗内养护至试验期龄(7天、14天、28天),养护温度为20±2℃。
表1试验配合比
2)无侧限抗压强度测定:试件分别养护7天、14天、28天后,将试样放在应变控制式无侧限测定仪加压板上,转动手轮,使其与上压板刚好接触,调测力计百分表读数为零点。然后反时针转动摇把,电机以每分钟加压板推进2-4mm,直至土样破损,此时在百分表上读数,计算轴向应力,以求得无侧限抗压强度。应变控制式无侧限抗压强度仪上试件轴向压力按下式计算:
式中:σ—轴向压力(KPa);
C—测力计校正系数(N/0.01mm);
R—百分表读数(0.01mm);
Aa—校正后试件的断面积(cm2).
2)固体废物浸出毒性测定:试验采用《固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法—水平振荡法》对养护一定时间的试样进行浸出毒性浸出。首先测定试样含水率,然后称取100g试样放入提取瓶,根据样品含水率,按固液比10:1(L:kg)计算出所需纯水的体积,加入纯水,在频率为110±10次/min、振幅为40mm的震荡装置上震荡8h,取下提取瓶,静置16h,过滤收集浸出液,用硝酸酸化后通过ICP-OES测定浸出液中重金属的浓度。
图1是本发明的装模后试件;
图2是本发明的脱模后试件;
图3是本发明的7d试件无侧限抗压强度;
图4是本发明的14d试件无侧限抗压强度;
图5是本发明的28d试件无侧限抗压强度。
以上内容不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限这些说明,凡是依照本发明申请专利范围内所做的均等变化和修饰,皆应属于本发明所提交的权利要求书确定的专利保护范围以内。

Claims (5)

1.一种采用复配固化剂利用正交实验研究固化效果的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)试件制备;
2)无侧限抗压强度测定;
3)固体废物浸出毒性测定:经硝酸酸化后通过ICP-OES测定浸出液中重金属的浓度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用复配固化剂利用正交实验研究固化效果的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1)具体:称取1800g经初步处理过的供试底泥,加入预定量的石灰、粉煤灰、膨润土和硫酸钙拌和均匀;试验共设15组,每组做三个试件;混合均匀后试样分3次装入70.7×70.7×70.7mm的试模,24h后脱模,脱模后的试件涂一薄层凡士林,并覆盖一层薄膜。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用复配固化剂利用正交实验研究固化效果的方法,其特征在于,固化剂掺量为生石灰:粉煤灰:膨润土:硫酸钙=2:2:1:2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用复配固化剂利用正交实验研究固化效果的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2)具体:试件分别养护7天、14天、28天后,将试样放在应变控制式无侧限测定仪加压板上,转动手轮,使其与上压板刚好接触,调测力计百分表读数为零点。然后反时针转动摇把,电机以每分钟加压板推进2-4mm,直至土样破损,此时在百分表上读数,计算轴向应力,以求得无侧限抗压强度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用复配固化剂利用正交实验研究固化效果的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1)具体:试验采用《固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法—水平振荡法》对养护的试样进行浸出毒性浸出。
CN201910787196.6A 2019-08-25 2019-08-25 一种采用复配固化剂利用正交实验研究固化效果的方法 Pending CN110470516A (zh)

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CN113912334A (zh) * 2021-10-18 2022-01-11 中铁隧道局集团有限公司 盾构渣土固化剂、制备方法及其使用方法

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Application publication date: 20191119