CN110469327B - Five-step approximation type carbonate reservoir well logging three-dimensional evaluation method - Google Patents
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
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Abstract
The invention discloses a five-step approximation type carbonate reservoir logging three-dimensional evaluation method, which is characterized in that a mud layer and a carbon layer are removed by utilizing a GR energy spectrum logging curve and combining a three-porosity curve, resistivity and an electrical imaging logging curve; searching a stratum with relatively low resistance under a high background as a target layer; dividing the determined target layer into a producing layer and a non-producing layer, and then stripping the producing layer; carrying out graded quantitative evaluation on the producing zone; and determining the crack and hole distribution by using the azimuth far detection sound wave data for analysis, correcting and adjusting the result of the step S4 according to the crack and hole distribution, and comprehensively evaluating the three-dimensional property. The invention can effectively solve the problem of interpretation uncertainty caused by shallow detection depth and stratum heterogeneity of the conventional logging instrument, effectively reduce the production cost and improve the carbonate rock exploration and development efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geophysical exploration, and particularly relates to a five-step approximation type carbonate reservoir logging three-dimensional evaluation method.
Background
Due to the low porosity, strong heterogeneity, fast transverse change of the reservoir and the like of the carbonate reservoir, the conclusion obtained by utilizing conventional well logging data and imaging series well logging data is often in large difference with the oil testing result. The method is based on conventional logging information, utilizes information such as bilateral curves, electrical imaging and XMAC to perform two-dimensional qualitative identification and quantitative evaluation, gives full play to the advantages of the azimuth distance detection technology in aspects such as azimuth identification and detection depth, analyzes the spatial distribution condition of the fracture-cave reservoir within 40m of the well wall, and forms a set of complete five-step approximation type carbonate reservoir comprehensive three-dimensional logging evaluation technology. The technology has a good effect in practical application, and provides scientific basis for later oil testing and reservoir transformation.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a five-step approximation type carbonate reservoir well logging three-dimensional evaluation method aiming at the defects in the prior art, and solve the problems that the carbonate reservoir heterogeneity and the shallow detection depth of the existing logging instrument cause that the well logging interpretation conclusion is inconsistent with the oil test.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a five-step approximation type carbonate reservoir logging three-dimensional evaluation method comprises the following steps:
s1, removing a mud layer and a carbon layer by utilizing a GR energy spectrum logging curve and combining a three-porosity curve, resistivity and an electrical imaging logging curve;
s2, searching a relatively low-resistance stratum under a high background to serve as a target layer;
s3, dividing the target layer determined in the step S2 into a production layer and a non-production layer, and then stripping the production layer;
s4, carrying out grading quantitative evaluation on the production layer in the step S3;
and S5, determining the crack and hole distribution by utilizing the azimuth far detection sound wave data for analysis, correcting and adjusting the result of the step S4 according to the crack and hole distribution, and comprehensively and stereoscopically evaluating.
Specifically, in step S1, the argillaceous and carbonaceous non-reservoir layers are removed by using a potassium-thorium curve in the GR spectrum curve.
Specifically, in step S2, conventional logging data longitudinal comparison and 360-degree direction comprehensive response characteristics in a radial 0-3m direction are utilized to carry out two-bit analysis, and a target layer is searched.
Specifically, in step S3, the producing zone is qualitatively divided into a pore type, a hole type, a crack type and a hole-crack composite type according to the numerical value, morphological characteristics and imaging data characteristics of the logging curve.
Specifically, in step S4, the total porosity is respectively intersected with the fracture porosity and the face porosity calculated by imaging, a reservoir stratum hierarchical interpretation chart is established, and a production stratum is quantitatively divided into reservoir stratum i, reservoir stratum ii and reservoir stratum iii.
Further, three-dimensional evaluation is carried out on geologic bodies such as cracks, holes and the like in the radial direction of 0-0.5 cm by utilizing FMI imaging data, quantitative calibration is carried out on hole crack seven parameters obtained by logging evaluation by utilizing core imaging data, and graded quantitative evaluation is carried out on near-well stratum pay zones by utilizing the calibrated crack and hole parameters.
Specifically, in step S5, the crack and hole distribution within 3-40 m from the well wall is determined by using the azimuth far detection sound wave data for analysis.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a five-step approximation type carbonate reservoir well logging three-dimensional evaluation method, which expands well logging interpretation evaluation from original comprehensive response evaluation within a range of 360 degrees within a range of 0-3m to comprehensive three-dimensional evaluation within a range of 0-40m and 360 degrees, enlarges interpretation range, improves interpretation precision of a heterogeneous reservoir and greatly improves the coincidence rate of well logging interpretation and oil testing.
Further, step S1 is to remove the non-reservoir to narrow the target range, and simultaneously avoid missing the high uranium reservoir.
Further, step S2 is to remove the high-order dense layer and further narrow the target layer.
Further, step S3, the total porosity curve is utilized to further divide the target zone into a production zone and a non-production zone, the target zone, namely the production zone, is further reduced, the production zone is further divided into four types of pore type, hole type, crack type and hole-crack composite type according to various logging information, and preparation is made for quantitative evaluation of the reservoir.
Further, step S4, the four types of reservoirs qualitatively divided in step 3 are raised to quantitative evaluation by using two intersection plates of the total porosity which are respectively intersected with the fracture porosity and the face porosity calculated by imaging, and are quantitatively divided into I, II and III reservoirs.
Furthermore, on the basis of the step S4, the development directions of geologic bodies such as cracks, holes and the like of reservoir beds I, II and III are analyzed within the range of 0-0.5 m, and preliminary three-dimensional evaluation is achieved.
Furthermore, the azimuth far detection sound wave data is used for determining the spatial distribution of cracks and holes in a distance well wall of 3-40 m to perform three-dimensional analysis, the direction and distance of development of the well wall are determined, and three-dimensional comprehensive evaluation in the radial range of 0-40m is really realized.
In conclusion, the method can effectively solve the problem of interpretation uncertainty caused by shallow detection depth and stratum heterogeneity of the conventional logging instrument, effectively reduce the production cost and improve the carbonate exploration and development efficiency.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a plot of a cross-plot of porosity, wherein (a) is a plot of the cross-plot of porosity versus fracture porosity calculated from an image, and (b) is a plot of the cross-plot of face porosity versus total porosity;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the comprehensive explanation results of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in Tarim basin.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a five-step approximation type carbonate reservoir logging stereo evaluation method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, removing a mud layer and a carbon layer;
and removing the mud layer and the carbon layer by using a GR energy spectrum logging curve and combining logging curves such as a three-porosity curve, resistivity, electric imaging and the like.
The argillaceous layer is mainly characterized by high natural radioactivity, particularly high thorium potassium content, low resistivity, high acoustic wave time difference, obviously increased neutron porosity, low photoelectric absorption cross section index value, slightly reduced volume density, dark color on acoustoelectric imaging, and obvious layered or wavy bedding sometimes can be seen. The carbon layer has low natural gamma, high neutron porosity, small volume density, high acoustic wave time difference, response characteristics similar to those of a reservoir stratum, and the difference is that the resistivity is higher. Both of these layers are non-reservoir layers and must first be identified and removed.
S2, searching a target layer;
on the basis of step S1, a stratum with relatively low resistance (the limit value of resistivity varies from region to region) under a high background is searched, i.e., a target layer to be searched, but the influence of pyrite is eliminated by means of curves such as density and photoelectric absorption interface index.
And performing two-bit analysis by utilizing the comprehensive response characteristics of the conventional logging data in the longitudinal comparison (well axis direction) and the 360-degree direction in the 2m direction of the radial direction (vertical well axis) to search a target layer.
S3, stripping a producing layer;
in the target zone, the target zone is divided into a producing zone and a non-producing zone by referring to the imaging logging information mainly according to the total porosity curve. According to the numerical value, morphological characteristics and imaging data characteristics of various logging curves, the producing zone is qualitatively divided into four types of pore type, hole type, crack type and hole-crack composite type.
Pore type:
the reservoir storage space is mainly composed of inter-granular pores, inter-granular pores and solution pores, and solution cavities and cracks are not developed and are not easy to distinguish on an electrical imaging image. The nuclear magnetic resonance logging is characterized in that: the T2 spectrum is unimodal, the spectral peak is distributed between 80-400 ms, and the amplitude is small. The porosity of the reservoir is small, surface relaxation is taken as the main factor, and the effective porosity is only 2.5% -4.0%. The resistivity is more than 1000 omega m, and the reservoir reservoirs have poor storage performance and low productivity.
Hole type:
the reservoir space of the reservoir is mainly karst caves, and cracks are not developed too much. The bilateral sides are in a U shape under high background values, and the electric imaging image is in large blocks of dark (black) spots or strips on a bright background. On the nuclear magnetic resonance logging imaging image, the T2 spectrum is single peak, the spectral peak is distributed between 80 ms and 700ms, the volume relaxation is taken as the main, and the effective porosity is 3.0 percent to 7.5 percent. Due to the large pore diameter of the holes, the reservoir has good storage performance and long continuous production time.
And (3) crack type:
the reservoir storage space is mainly cracks or micro cracks, and karst caves and karst pores are not developed too much. The bilateral lateral direction is in a peak-shaped low value, a densely distributed dark sinusoidal curve is displayed on an electrical imaging image, the nuclear magnetic logging T2 is in unimodal distribution, the peak value is positioned on the left side of a T2 cut-off value, the porosity of the reservoir is generally low, the bilateral lateral logging curve is obviously different, and the calculated fracture porosity is larger than 0.001%; the permeability is good, and the resistivity is low and is usually less than 500 Ω · m. Such reservoirs have good permeability, but small reservoir volume and generally short duration of production.
The hole seam is compound:
the reservoir space consists of solution pores, solution cavities and cracks. The double direction is distributed in U shape and peak shape, the electric image is displayed as dark spot (dissolving hole), patch (dissolving hole) and sine curve irregular dark stripe (crack) which are non-uniformly distributed under bright background. The T2 spectrum of the nuclear magnetic resonance logging presents double peaks or triple peaks, and the distribution range of the spectrum peaks is 20-1000 ms. The resistivity values of such reservoirs are very low, often less than 100 Ω · m. The total porosity is 4-8%, and the crack porosity is greater than 0.0002%. The reservoir belongs to a hole, hole and seam composite reservoir, has a place for storing oil and gas and a channel for oil and gas to flow, and is a very good reservoir.
S4, grading quantitative evaluation;
in a production zone, the total porosity is respectively intersected with the fracture porosity and the face porosity calculated by imaging, a reservoir stratum grading explanation plate is established, and the production zone is quantitatively divided into I, II and III reservoir stratums.
On the basis of conventional logging two-dimensional analysis, three-dimensional evaluation is carried out on geologic bodies such as cracks, holes and the like in the radial 0.5cm direction by utilizing FMI imaging data. And quantitatively calibrating the seven hole crack parameters obtained by logging evaluation by using rock core imaging data, and performing graded quantitative evaluation on the near-well stratum by using the calibrated crack and hole parameters.
The carbonate rock has the characteristics of strong heterogeneity, and the pores and holes in some reservoirs have no connectivity and do not have productivity. Therefore, according to the data of the formation testing interval and the productivity standard, the effectiveness of the carbonate reservoir is divided into three categories by utilizing the relationship between the total porosity and the fracture porosity and the face porosity calculated by imaging. The cross plot of the total porosity and the fracture porosity calculated by imaging in fig. 2 is mainly applicable to reservoirs in which the pore gaps in the same interval develop relatively; the intersection graph of the surface porosity and the total porosity is mainly suitable for reservoirs with relatively developed holes. The four types of reservoir beds which are qualitatively divided can be quantitatively divided into reservoir beds I, II and III according to the figure 2, and corresponding quantitative interpretation standards can be obtained according to the figure 2 in order to be more intuitive, which is shown in the table 1.
And S5, comprehensively and stereoscopically evaluating.
The classification of the reservoirs near the well wall is obtained quantitatively through the steps S1 to S4, and the comprehensive reflection of the reservoirs in the range of 360 degrees around the well of the near-well stratum is only realized, so that the change condition of the circumferential reservoirs cannot be reflected. And because the carbonate rock stratum has long deposition times, undergoes multiple tectonic movements, suffers from strong weathering, denudation and leaching, has strong stratum heterogeneity and has quick transverse change of the reservoir stratum.
Therefore, the obtained first and second reservoir reservoirs and even the first reservoir can not necessarily obtain high-yield industrial oil and gas flow, and spatial three-dimensional imaging needs to be carried out in a range of 40m of a well wall by combining azimuth far detection acoustic wave reflected wave imaging logging information, the azimuth and the range of crack and hole development are determined, and the conclusion obtained in the steps S1 to S4 is adjusted and corrected. And finally determining a comprehensive three-dimensional evaluation result.
And determining the crack and hole distribution within the range of 40m from the well wall by using the azimuth distance detection sound wave data for analysis, and correcting and adjusting the result of the step S4 according to the crack and hole distribution, thereby avoiding interpretation uncertainty caused by stratum heterogeneity.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Please refer to fig. 3, which is a diagram of the comprehensive interpretation results of the atrophia carbonate reservoir in the talimu basin, wherein the first path is GR and well diameter curves, the second path is a depth path, the third path is an interpretation reservoir level path, the fourth path is an interpretation reservoir type path, the fifth path is an interpretation oil-gas junction theory path, the sixth path is a logging profile, the seventh path is a bilateral resistivity path, the eighth path is a sonic curve, the ninth path is logging porosity calculation, the tenth path is an azimuth far detection sonic wave No. 7 azimuth down-going reflected wave, and the tenth path is an azimuth far-going reflected wave No. 3. In the figure, the intersection points of the total porosity of layers 107 and 108 and the crack porosity calculated by imaging respectively fall in the first-type hole seam type and the second-type hole seam type areas of the interpretation plate (figure 2), while the intersection points of the total porosity and the face porosity of the layer 109 are in the second-type hole seam type areas of the interpretation plate (figure 2) when holes are developed from the imaging point.
Therefore, layer 107 is interpreted as a type-one pore-gap composite reservoir, layer 108 is interpreted as a type-two pore-gap composite reservoir, and layer 109 is interpreted as a type-two pore-type reservoir. Traveling wave in the corresponding layer segment position 7 has some dark spots, which are characteristic of small hole reflections, but not well developed. Besides hole reflection, the No. 3 azimuth upward traveling wave also has an obvious homodromous axis which is typical crack surface reflection, and as can be seen from a reflected wave energy rose diagram at the lower right corner, the crack is in the direction of 10 degrees from the south east, the inclination angle of the crack is 70 degrees, the direction of the crack is nearly east and west, and the crack is 3-25m away from the well wall. And testing oil in the interval, and producing more than 40 oil and more than 1 ten thousand gas in the day after acidizing and fracturing. The oil testing data also fully proves the correctness of the interpretation of the azimuth far detection reflected wave logging data.
The above contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should not be limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea proposed by the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A five-step approximation type carbonate reservoir logging three-dimensional evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, removing a mud layer and a carbon layer by utilizing a GR energy spectrum logging curve and combining a three-porosity curve, resistivity and an electrical imaging logging curve;
s2, searching a relatively low-resistance stratum under a high background to serve as a target layer;
s3, dividing the target layer determined in the step S2 into a production layer and a non-production layer, and then stripping the production layer;
s4, carrying out graded quantitative evaluation on the producing zone obtained in the step S3, intersecting the total porosity with the fracture porosity and the face porosity calculated by imaging respectively, establishing a reservoir graded interpretation chart, quantitatively dividing the producing zone into I, II and III reservoirs, carrying out three-dimensional stereo evaluation on the fractures and the holes in the radial direction of 0-0.5 cm by utilizing FMI imaging data, carrying out quantitative calibration on hole fracture seven parameters obtained by logging evaluation by utilizing core imaging data, and carrying out graded quantitative evaluation on the producing zone of the near-well stratum by utilizing the calibrated fractures and hole parameters;
and S5, determining the crack and hole distribution by utilizing the azimuth far detection sound wave data for analysis, correcting and adjusting the result of the step S4 according to the crack and hole distribution, and comprehensively and stereoscopically evaluating.
2. The five-step approximation type carbonate reservoir well logging three-dimensional evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S1, argillaceous and carbonaceous non-reservoirs are removed by using a potassium-thorium curve in a GR energy spectrum curve.
3. The five-step approximation type carbonate reservoir logging three-dimensional evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, a target layer is searched by performing two-dimensional analysis by using a conventional logging information longitudinal comparison and a 360-degree direction comprehensive response characteristic in a radial 0-3m direction.
4. The five-step approximation type carbonate reservoir logging three-dimensional evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the producing zone is qualitatively divided into a pore type, a hole type, a crack type and a hole-crack composite type according to the numerical value of the logging curve, morphological characteristics and imaging data characteristics.
5. The five-step approximation type carbonate reservoir well logging three-dimensional evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, the crack and hole distribution within a distance well wall of 3-40m and a distance well hole of 40m are determined by using far-azimuth detection sound wave data for analysis.
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