CN110468335A - A kind of smelting process of mild steel carbon content stability contorting - Google Patents
A kind of smelting process of mild steel carbon content stability contorting Download PDFInfo
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- CN110468335A CN110468335A CN201910879602.1A CN201910879602A CN110468335A CN 110468335 A CN110468335 A CN 110468335A CN 201910879602 A CN201910879602 A CN 201910879602A CN 110468335 A CN110468335 A CN 110468335A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
- C21C5/34—Blowing through the bath
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of smelting processes of mild steel carbon content stability contorting.Smelting process is converter smelting, LF refining, continuous casting.The present invention passes through reasonably optimizing technological parameter, enhance process capability control, it realizes without RH application of vacuum, it also can be by carbon content stability contorting within 0.05%, and finished product carbon fluctuation range is small, controls 0.03~0.05%, target value shoots straight, be conducive to stable product quality, reduce and change the original sentence to or scrap caused by acting improperly because of ingredient.The present invention is not necessarily to RH decarbonization process, pass through the adjusting and mutually collaboration of each step condition, make mild steel carbon content stability contorting 0.03~0.05%, inclusion content is low, compared with common smelting process converter-RH decarburization-LF processing-continuous casting, easy to operate, high production efficiency effectively reduces ton steel cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical fields, more specifically, being related to a kind of smelting process of mild steel carbon content stability contorting.
Background technique
Converter smelting mild steel ([C]≤0.08%), traditional Melting Process for Low Carbon Steel are converter-LF refining-continuous casting, the work
Skill may cause that finished product carbon content is higher, and the fluctuation range of carbon is larger, and carbon content is easy offscale, and then influence making for client
With and production；Mild steel another kind smelting process is converter-RH decarburization-LF processing-continuous casting, and directly upper RH after converter tapping is adopted
The carbon content in steel is reduced with reaction between carbon and oxygen, realizes low-carbon control, however the utilization of RH application of vacuum process directly results in cost
It is significantly increased, production efficiency is declined, the competitive advantage of product is reduced under the conditions of equal quality.
In the mild steel for producing [C]≤0.08% using traditional low-carbon smelting process condition (converter-LF refining-continuous casting)
When, the status that there are carbon content fluctuation ranges greatly, control is unstable, in terms of 230 furnace historical datas (details are shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2), at
Product carbon content average value 0.052%, minimum value 0.04%, maximum value 0.08%, carbon content ratio below 0.05% only have
36.1%, and 0.05% or more ratio accounts for 63.9%, wherein 0.05-0.06% accounting 53.5%, accounting are maximum, finished product carbon content
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2.In traditional handicraft, the difficulty for preparing mild steel using converter-LF refining-continuous casting is larger, and in smelting
Oxygen content can be brought high during refining mild steel, deoxidation products is more, FeO high in slag, to slagging process in LF refining, Yi Jigang
In field trash bring very big harm.
According to client feedback, material of the invention be mainly used for make automobile engine motor pawl pole, finished product carbon content for
The influence of final products output performance is very big, therefore needing can be by round steel carbon content stability contorting within 0.05%, and reduces carbon
The fluctuation range of content.To meet client's requirement, production efficiency and economic benefit are combined, (converter-RH decarburization-LF
Processing-continuous casting) smelting process cost it is high, be not considered, then how to optimize the (converter-LF refining-company of traditional process for making
Casting), guaranteeing steel quality simultaneously, realizing reduces carbon content, and fluctuate it is small so that carbon content stability contorting 0.03%~
0.05% target becomes the technical problem that must be solved.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of smelting process of mild steel carbon content stability contorting, it is intended under the premise of not increasing cost,
Improved under traditional converter-LF refining-continuous casting process, realize mild steel stability contorting (finished product carbon content≤
0.05%, and carbon content fluctuation is reduced, control fluctuation range control is 0.03%~0.05%), to meet the use of client
It is required that increasing the competitiveness of product.
Target low-carbon steel chemical composition percentage according to the present invention are as follows: [C]≤0.08%, [Si] 0.15
~0.35%, [Mn] 0.30~0.60%, [P]≤0.035%, [S]≤0.035%, [Cr]≤0.10%, [Ni]≤
0.10%, [Cu]≤0.20%.
Further, carbon content≤0.05% in mild steel, as preferred: in mild steel carbon content stability contorting 0.03~
0.05%.
Smelting process provided by the present invention includes converter, LF refining and continuous casting, and concrete operations are as follows:
(1) converter is added steelmaking feed and smelts, whole Bottom Argon Stirring, control tapping [C] 0.01~0.03%, tapping temperature
1630~1660 DEG C of degree sequentially adds deoxidier, low-carbon alloy and slag charge with steel stream when tapping 1/4, and tapping process uses slide plate
Pushing off the slag operation, tap 4~5min of time.
Bottom blowing mode can be selected according to the actual situation, preferably, excellent punching block formula is selected in step (1) bottom blowing,.
Preferably, the steelmaking feed used in step (1) is mainly molten iron, steel scrap, molten iron accounts for steelmaking feed gross weight
80%~90%, total 135~145t/ of charge weight furnace of steelmaking feed, Converter Oxigen Blowing smelts 13~15min.
Preferably, deoxidier in step (1) is aluminium block, reference additional amount relative to steelmaking feed for 0.8~
1.2kg/t；Alloy in step (1) is low-carbon ferromanganese, ferrosilicon；Slag charge and additional amount are lime 700kg/ furnace, change in step (1)
Slag agent 300kg/ furnace.
Preferably, the main component Al of slagging agent2O340%~50%, CaO 35%~40%, SiO21%~
6%, H2O≤0.5%, particle size range are preferably 3~30mm.
Caused by the fluctuation of tapping aim carbon is not sampled after mainly being re-blow due to carbon height, the unstable of aim carbon increases to refining
Add control difficulty, when traditional smelting process converter tapping target [C] is by 0.030~0.045% control, cause finished product C≤
0.05% stability contorting is difficult to realize.
Present invention firstly provides converter terminal carbon to consider molten steel oxidation in strict accordance with 0.01%~0.03% control
By force to the erosion of furnace lining, when production, is contemplated that two converters alternately produce；Tapping Temperature of Bof is improved simultaneously, reduces refining heating
Amplitude and duration.
(2) LF carries out top of the slag deoxidation using aluminum shot, ferrosilicon powder, calcium carbide and silicon carbide deoxidation is used no or little, according to slag condition
Suitable lime and fluorite is added to guarantee slag fluidity, it is ensured that refining time >=35 minute, preferably, refining time control
System carries out Argon operation after ingredient, temperature adjustment are suitable, argon blowing time 15~25 minutes, ensures after soft blow in 35~50min
Suitable temperature of stealthily substituting.
Further, before soft blow composition adjustment to target zone (C≤0.05%, Si 0.15%~0.23%, Mn 0.36~
0.40), consider that soft blow will lead to cooling, temperature can be 5~10 DEG C higher than temperature of preferably stealthily substituting before soft blow.
Further, the temperature of stealthily substituting in step (2) after soft blow are as follows: open and pour 1605~1625 DEG C of heat, even pour heat
1575~1595 DEG C, subcontracting temperature improper week can be improved 5~10 DEG C, and temperature can take the circumstances into consideration to adjust according to the actual situation.
In refining process, the selection of deoxidier and adding manner is improper will lead to molten steel recarburization；Refining for a long time heating and
Argon gas control improper (being greater than 300L/min) may cause electrode carburetting；
In order to overcome the above problem, the present invention proposes that deoxidier carries out top of the slag deoxidation using aluminum shot, ferrosilicon powder, does not have to carbon containing
Deoxidation material such as calcium carbide, to reduce the carbon increasing amount that deoxidier is brought into；Controlled by argon gas regulation stall, early period by 200~
300L/min control, later period are adjusted to 100~200L/min to reduce molten steel recarburization caused by export license, avoid refining process
The abnormal conditions such as middle generation electric arc is unstable, arc light is shinny；Ladle covering agent is all used when soft blow, reduces the use of carbonization rice husk
Amount.
Preferably, ladle covering agent main component C≤10%, Al2O315%~25%, CaO 10%~20%,
SiO240%~50%, MgO 1%~5%, H2O≤0.5%, 1350 DEG C of fusing point.
(3) continuous casting working procedure selects the production of 220mm × 260mm section, whole process protection casting, using low overheat, permanent pulling rate
Control, at 20~35 DEG C, casting speed control uses electromagnetic agitation, non-sinusoidal oscillation mould in 0.90m/min, brilliant device for degree of superheat control
Formula, a cold water flow are (1850 ± 100) L/min, and water temperature difference is 6.5~8.5 DEG C, and two cold use weak colds match aqueous mode.
Preferably, M-EMS parameter is electric current (180 ± 10) A in step (3), frequency is (3 ± 0.5)
Hz；Non-sinusoidal oscillation is amplitude ± 2.5mm, frequency 130+40V opm, deviation proportion 0.
Further, weak cold is in aqueous mode in step (3), and specific water 0.30L/kg, each section of water distribution ratio is 44/40/
16。
The casting of continuous casting whole process protection, big packet long nozzle argon envelope protection, middle packet uses to be wrapped in integral type stopper, and mouth of a river diameter >=
30mm, middle packet use time≤15 hour.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The present invention provides a kind of smelting process of mild steel carbon content stability contorting, when ensuring the working of a furnace, reduces and turns
Furnace tapping carbon content, converter tapping carbon are controlled 0.01%~0.03%；Tapping temperature is properly increased, preferably, tapping temperature
Degree control reduces 20~40 DEG C of increasing extent of temperature of refining at 1630~1660 DEG C；It is adjusted by argon gas and gear controls to reduce electricity
Molten steel recarburization caused by pole is lost avoids that the abnormal conditions such as electric arc is unstable, arc light is shinny occur in refining process；
The type of deoxidier is adjusted, refining process deoxidier does not use carbon containing deoxidation material calcium carbide based on aluminum shot, reduces
Carburetting caused by deoxidier；Ladle covering agent is first added when soft blow, reduces the dosage of carbonization rice husk, all uses carbon by original process
Change rice husk covering and be reduced to 3~5 packet carbonization rice husks of every furnace steel addition, every packet weight 5kg reduces coverture carburetting.
The present invention passes through pre-deoxidation in converter tapping process, before going to LF refining, terminates in argon station feeding aluminum steel, refining
Afterwards by the adjustment of the conditions such as argon flow adjusting, soft blow time, it not only can guarantee that carbon content can achieve the desired results, but also
It is avoided that traditional low carbon content brings adverse effect in smelting, such as oxygen content height, deoxidation products is more, and Molten Steel Cleanliness is poor, slag
Middle FeO high, finished product steel inclusion is mostly etc., it is ensured that finished product carbon controls within 0.05%, moreover it is possible to guarantee the quality of mild steel, and
And by the control of condition, keep carbon content fluctuation smaller, finished product carbon fluctuation range energy stability contorting is pressed from both sides 0.03%~0.05%
Sundries content is low.Client's requirement is better met.
Compared with traditional smelting process is converter-LF refining-continuous casting, the control of finished product carbon is more stable, and fluctuation range is small, finished product
Carbon target value shoots straight, and meets finished product carbon≤0.05%, is conducive to stable product quality, and quality is excellent, reduces because at separating
It changes the original sentence to or scraps caused by lattice.Compared with converter-RH decarburization-LF processing-continuous casting smelting process, in the same of control low-carbon amount
When, moreover it is possible to make easy to operate, high production efficiency effectively reduces ton steel cost, improves product competitiveness, has significant
Economic benefit.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the practical controlled level of carbon content in the mild steel of traditional handicraft preparation；
Fig. 2 is carbon content distributed area in the mild steel of traditional handicraft preparation；
Fig. 3 is the corresponding relationship that tapping carbon is bundled into product carbon content in；
Finished product carbon control comparison before and after Fig. 4 process optimization；
Fig. 5 is the nonmetallic thin field trash grading accounting of A in the mild steel of traditional handicraft preparation；
Fig. 6 is the nonmetallic thin field trash grading accounting of B in the mild steel of traditional handicraft preparation；
Fig. 7 is the nonmetallic thin field trash grading accounting of D in the mild steel of traditional handicraft preparation；
Fig. 8 is the nonmetallic thin field trash grading accounting of A in the mild steel of present invention process preparation；
Fig. 9 is the nonmetallic thin field trash grading accounting of B in the mild steel of present invention process preparation；
Figure 10 is the nonmetallic thin field trash grading accounting of D in the mild steel of present invention process preparation.
Specific embodiment
Smelting process of the invention is summarized as follows: converter smelting → LF refining → continuous casting
Traditional handicraft
(1) converter
Aim carbon of tapping controls 0.03%~0.045%, and tapping temperature >=1600 DEG C, the practical control of tapping carbon is high, terminal
The unstable of carbon increases control difficulty to refining；Tapping temperature is low, the amplitude and duration of refining heating is increased, so as to cause electricity
Pole carburetting.
(2) LF refining
Using aluminum shot and calcium carbide deoxidation, calcium carbide belongs to carbonaceous material, and deoxidier brings certain carbon increasing amount into；Refining time 40~
65min, refining time length are easy to cause electrode carburetting；Soft blow process all uses carbonization rice husk, results in a degree of increasing
Carbon.
(3) continuous casting
The casting of continuous casting whole process protection.
Using traditional converter smelting → LF refining → continuous casting process, the finished product carbon content control range of preparation 0.04~
0.08%, wherein 0.05~0.08% finished product carbon accounting 63.9%.So not only carbon content is higher for traditional handicraft, but also carbon content
Fluctuation range is big.(before Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 4 tackling key problem)
Wherein, Fig. 3 is the corresponding relationship that tapping carbon is bundled into product carbon content in, and in terms of statistical data, tapping carbon is higher, in
Packet carbon content is higher, therefore to ensure finished product carbon content control 0.05% hereinafter, must assure that endpoint carbon content exists first
0.03% or less.But only control tapping carbon content is still difficult to get a desired effect, wherein there are still carbon contents to be greater than 0.04%
When, the case where even greater than 0.05%, this illustrates that there is also carburetting links during subsequent refining, if subsequent using tradition essence
Sweetening process is still unable to reach desired effect to finished product carbon content control, final finished carbon content.
To sum up, the main reason for traditional handicraft carburetting, has:
1. converter tapping carbon is high, and carbon of tapping is unstable, increases subsequent refining difficulty, causes finished product carbon to be difficult control and exists
Within 0.05%.
2. Tapping Temperature of Bof is low, refining time length leads to electrode carburetting.
3. the type selection and addition of deoxidier, lead to molten steel recarburization in refining process.
4. rice husk, which is added, in soft blow process leads to molten steel recarburization (wherein rice husk C content >=40%).
Selection process of the present invention
(1) converter
Aim carbon of tapping controls 0.01%~0.03%, and because aim carbon is lower, molten steel oxidation is strong, considers lining wear,
It can alternately be produced with two converters when production；Tapping temperature is improved, preferably, tapping temperature is controlled at 1630~1660 DEG C,
Reduce 20~40 DEG C of increasing extent of temperature of refining, when tapping 1/4 with steel stream sequentially adds deoxidier, low-carbon alloy and slag charge, taps
Cheng Caiyong slide plate pushing off the slag operation, tap 4~5min of time.
Wherein, steelmaking feed is mainly molten iron, steel scrap, and molten iron accounts for the 80%~90% of steelmaking feed gross weight, steelmaking feed
Total 135~145t/ of charge weight furnace, Converter Oxigen Blowing smelt 13~15min.Deoxidier is aluminium block, relative to adding for steelmaking feed
Entering amount is 0.8~1.2kg/t；Alloy is low-carbon ferromanganese, ferrosilicon；Slag charge is lime 700kg/ furnace, slagging agent 300kg/ furnace.
(2) LF refining
LF carries out top of the slag deoxidation, 35~50min of refining time, after ingredient, temperature adjustment are suitable using aluminum shot, ferrosilicon powder
Argon operation is carried out, argon blowing time 15~25 minutes, 200~300L/min of argon gas flow velocity control early period, the later period was adjusted to 100
~200L/min, when soft blow, all use ladle covering agent.
Deoxidier cancels calcium carbide deoxidation based on aluminum shot in refining process, is aided with ferrosilicon powder and carries out top of the slag deoxidation, to subtract
The carbon increasing amount that few deoxidier is brought into；It is controlled by argon gas regulation stall to reduce molten steel recarburization caused by export license, and avoided
Occur the abnormal conditions such as electric arc is unstable, arc light is shinny in refining process, early period argon gas flow velocity 200~300L/min of control, after
Phase is adjusted to 100~200L/min；Shorten refining time, 35 existing~50min is reduced to by 40 original~65min；It blows
The argon time 15~25 minutes, when soft blow, all used ladle covering agent, reduced carbonization rice husk usage amount, was subtracted by original all coverings
It is less 3~5 packets, Bao Chong 5kg only covers soft blow point.
(3) continuous casting
The casting of continuous casting whole process protection.
Using converter smelting → LF refining → continuous casting process after present invention optimization, the finished product carbon content control range of preparation
0.05% hereinafter, wherein 99% or more 0.03-0.05% finished product carbon accounting.Carbon content is low, and carbon content fluctuation range is small.
(after Fig. 4 tackling key problem)
Contrast on effect
By original calcium carbide and ferrosilicon powder, refining are adjusted to by adjusting converter tapping carbon, tapping temperature, refinement and deoxidation agent
Ladle covering agent is first all added when time, soft blow and reduces the means such as carbonization rice husk dosage again, passes through the phase between these conditions
Mutual coordinated can finally reduce the purpose of carbon content, and in 0.03-0.05%, (accounting reaches carbon content control after process optimization
99% or more) (see Fig. 4), carbon content average value 0.042%.Carbon content control compares traditional handicraft with stability, is shown
The progress of work.And finished product nonmetallic inclusionsin steel is significantly reduced and controls.
Non-metallic inclusion grading comparison (being examined by A method in GB/T10561 standard) before and after 1 process optimization of table
Claims (7)
1. a kind of smelting process of mild steel carbon content stability contorting, it is characterised in that: use converter-LF refining-continuous casting process
Smelting obtains carbon content≤0.05% in mild steel, and specific smelting step includes are as follows:
(1) converter: converter is added steelmaking feed and smelts, whole Bottom Argon Stirring, control tapping [C] 0.01~0.03%, tapping
1630~1660 DEG C of temperature, deoxidier, low-carbon alloy and slag charge are sequentially added with steel stream when tapping 1/4, and tapping process is using sliding
Plate pushing off the slag operation；
(2) aluminum shot, the ferrosilicon powder top of the slag deoxidation LF refining: are used, it is ensured that refining time >=35 minute, after ingredient, temperature adjustment
Argon operation is carried out, ladle covering agent is used when soft blow, ensures temperature of suitably stealthily substituting after soft blow；
(3) continuous casting: whole process protection is cast to obtain finished steel.
2. the smelting process of mild steel carbon content stability contorting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: carbon contains in finished steel
Stability contorting is measured in 0.03~0.05% range.
3. the smelting process of mild steel carbon content stability contorting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step (1)
The deoxidier of middle addition is aluminium block, and additional amount is 0.8~1.2kg/t；Low-carbon alloy is low-carbon ferromanganese, a kind of in ferrosilicon or two
Kind；Slag charge is lime 700kg/ furnace, slagging agent 300kg/ furnace.
4. the smelting process of mild steel carbon content stability contorting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step (2)
The LF refining time controls in 35~50min.
5. the smelting process of mild steel carbon content stability contorting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the argon blowing time
15~25 minutes, argon gas flow control early period was adjusted to 100~200L/min in 200~300L/min, later period flow.
6. the smelting process of mild steel carbon content stability contorting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: stealthily substituting after soft blow
Temperature are as follows: open and pour 1605~1625 DEG C of heat, even pour 1575~1595 DEG C of heat.
7. the smelting process of mild steel carbon content stability contorting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: whole process protection pours
Casting, using low overheat, permanent casting speed control, at 20~35 DEG C, casting speed control is used in 0.90m/min, brilliant device for degree of superheat control
Electromagnetic agitation, non-sinusoidal oscillation mode, a cold water flow are 1850 ± 100L/min, and water temperature difference is 6.5~8.5 DEG C, and two cold adopt
Match aqueous mode with weak cold.
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| CN112680656A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-04-20 | 中天钢铁集团有限公司 | Boron-containing steel for motor claw pole and low-cost smelting process thereof |
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| CN112680656A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-04-20 | 中天钢铁集团有限公司 | Boron-containing steel for motor claw pole and low-cost smelting process thereof |
| CN115044740A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-13 | 福建三钢闽光股份有限公司 | Terminal carbon control method for low-carbon annealing-free steel converter |
| CN115044740B (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2023-08-25 | 福建三钢闽光股份有限公司 | Endpoint carbon control method for low-carbon annealing-free steel converter |
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