CN110467298A - 一种压裂返排液快速处理方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种压裂返排液快速处理方法,包括如下步骤:(1)压裂返排液泵入到电子束辐照室,在电子束辐照室停留20~120s;(2)经过电子束辐照室处理后的污水加入混凝剂和絮凝剂,在絮凝沉淀池澄清;(3)经过絮凝沉淀池处理后的水进入精密过滤池进行精细过滤;(4)经过精密过滤池过滤的水收集到清水池。有益效果:1.破胶阶段属于物理法破胶,可实现清洁破胶,大大减少了外加药剂的副作用,使压裂返排液回用品质更佳且更具有安全性;2.破胶时间由5~120min缩短到20~120s,极大的提高了破胶速度;3.与传统化学方法以及生物方法破胶相比,精简了加药装置等工艺配套,减小了占地面积,降低了人工操作的复杂性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及环保技术领域,具体涉及一种压裂返排液快速处理方法。
背景技术
压裂作业是油气田开采、增产、增效中的一个重要环节,然而,油气井在压裂过程中不可避免的产生废液。通常,常规油气田单井的返排液有几十方到上百方;致密砂岩气、页岩气、煤层气等非常规油气井产生的压裂返排液则高达几千方到上万方。随着世界各国能源需求的增加和常规油气资源的日益枯竭,油气开采的热点转向页岩气、煤层气、致密砂岩气等非常规油气资源开发,使压裂返排液的处理越来越受重视。
目前,国内外关于压裂返排液处理的研究主要集中在电解、氧化、吸附、絮凝、过滤、膜分离、生化以及多种技术的联用方面,常规的处理目标是回注、回用、外排。尽管我国压裂返排液的处理已经有了一定的技术积累,但鉴于压裂返排液的复杂性、多变性,难以有一套尽善尽美的技术,如破胶反应是压裂返排液处理的关键环节,国内外技术大都集中在化学法、生物法破胶的研究上,但生物法破胶周期较长,受场地和外界环境因素限制较多,而化学方法破胶需要加入大量化学药剂,并设计较长停留时间以使药剂充分反应,极易导致二次污染,且设备投资成本高、占地面积大。
发明内容
本发明的目的克服现有技术的不足,提供了一种占地面积更小、破胶、氧化速率更快、水质更好、更加有益于环保且更加安全的压裂返排液快速处理方法。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术措施达到的:
一种压裂返排液快速处理方法,包括如下步骤:(1)压裂返排液泵入到电子束辐照室,在电子束辐照室停留20~120s;(2)经过电子束辐照室处理后的污水加入混凝剂和絮凝剂,在絮凝沉淀池澄清;(3)经过絮凝沉淀池处理后的水进入精密过滤池进行精细过滤;(4)经过精密过滤池过滤的水收集到清水池。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)中的电子束辐照使用的电子加速器能量范围为0.7~10MeV,电子束辐照室的辐射剂量是5~30KGy。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)中的电子束辐照室进出口均设置有剂量监测探头。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)中的电子束辐照室与加速器高压连锁,全程PLC控制,且设置有内外紧急停机开关。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)中的电子束辐照室设置有液位控制开关。
进一步地,所述步骤(2)中的絮凝沉淀池使用的是带药剂反应区的聚结斜板沉淀池。
进一步地,所述步骤(2)中的絮凝沉池中所使用的混凝剂是PAFC,剂量为50~150mg/L,絮凝剂是PAM,剂量为2~10mg/L,污水在絮凝沉淀池澄清20~40min。
进一步地,所述絮凝沉池中所使用的混凝剂PAFC的剂量为75~120mg/L,絮凝剂PAM的剂量为5~10mg/L,污水在絮凝沉淀池澄清20~30min。
进一步地,所述步骤(3)中的精密过滤池中使用的是耐油袋式过滤器,过滤精度为0.5~5μm。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:1.破胶阶段属于物理法破胶,可实现清洁破胶,大大减少了外加药剂的副作用,使压裂返排液回用品质更佳且更具有安全性;2.破胶时间由传统的5~120min缩短到20~120s,极大的提高了破胶速度,可以更好的实现压裂返排液的在线处理;3.与传统化学方法以及生物方法破胶相比,精简了加药装置等工艺配套,减小了占地面积,降低了人工操作的复杂性。
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作详细说明。
附图说明
图1是本发明的工艺流程图。
其中,1.电子束辐照室,2.电子加速器,3.絮凝沉淀池,4.精密过滤池,5.清水池。
具体实施方式
实施例,如图1所示,一种压裂返排液快速处理方法,包括如下步骤:(1)压裂返排液泵入到电子束辐照室1,在电子束辐照室1停留20~120s;(2)经过电子束辐照室1处理后的污水加入混凝剂和絮凝剂,在絮凝沉淀池3澄清;(3)经过絮凝沉淀池3处理后的水进入精密过滤池4进行精细过滤;(4)经过精密过滤池4过滤的水收集到清水池5。电子束辐照破胶属于物理法破胶,实现了清洁破胶,大大减少了外加药剂的副作用,使压裂返排液回用品质更佳且更具有安全性;破胶时间由5~120min缩短到20~120s,极大的提高了破胶速度,可以更好的实现压裂返排液的在线处理;与传统化学方法以及生物方法破胶相比,精简了加药装置等工艺配套,减小了占地面积,降低了人工操作的复杂性。
电子束辐照使污水快速破胶、氧化的原理是:
用电子加速器2产生的高能电子束辐照射水体的瞬间发生辐射水解反应,产生3种高活性粒子(羟基自由基·OH、水合电子e- aq和氢自由基·H)与污水中的各种污染物发生物理、化学反应,将污水中的有机物完全降解或部分降解,且可以起到去除色度、臭味及消毒、灭菌的作用。
当水体与高能电子束接触后(电子束辐照室1中有辐照水槽,辐照水槽包括布水装置、收水装置、曝气装置,使高能电子束和压裂返排液充分接触),可在10-7秒内与水分子发生如下反应:
括号中的数字表示每吸收100eV的能量时,水中产生的各种自由基的数量。在此反应中,·OH的标准氧化还原电位高达2.8V,是目前在水处理中应用的最强的氧化剂,可诱发链式反应又不需要借助化学药剂,对难降解、水质变化大的有机污染物有很强的破坏作用,能无选择性的将污水中难降解的有机污染物氧化成无毒或低的小分子,甚至直接矿化成二氧化碳和水,实现无害化处理。·OH对细菌的细胞壁有较好的吸附和透过性能,可有效氧化细胞内含巯基的酶,控制微生物蛋白质的合成,从而起到消毒、灭菌的作用。此反应产生的·H还可以与压裂返排液中的烯烃、芳烃、醛和酮等有机物发生加成反应,降低污染物矿化的活化能。
所述步骤(1)中的电子束辐照使用的电子加速器2能量范围为0.7~10MeV,电子束辐照室1的辐射剂量是5~30KGy。
所述步骤(1)中的电子束辐照室1进出口均设置有剂量监测探头,用于读取、控制辐照剂量。
所述步骤(1)中的电子束辐照室1与电子加速器2高压连锁,即电子束辐照室1辐照剂量过量时,电子加速器2停止工作;全程PLC控制,通过电源开关就能控制设备启停,且设置有内外紧急停机开关。
所述步骤(1)中的电子束辐照室1设置有液位控制开关,当泵入的压裂返排液超出设置的高液位时,出现高位报警,并自动停止电子束辐照室1内压裂返排液的进水泵;当电子束辐照室1内液位低于设定值时,系统自动停止电子加速器2的运行和电子束辐照。
所述步骤(2)中的絮凝沉淀池3使用的是带药剂反应区的聚结斜板沉淀池。
所述步骤(2)中的絮凝沉淀池3所使用的混凝剂是PAFC,剂量为50~150mg/L,絮凝剂是PAM,剂量为2~10mg/L,污水在絮凝沉淀池3澄清20~40min。
所述絮凝沉淀池3所使用的混凝剂PAFC的剂量75~120mg/L,絮凝剂PAM的剂量为5~10mg/L,污水在絮凝沉淀池3澄清20~30min。
混凝剂PAFC具有较强的吸附性能,絮凝剂PAM具有良好的絮凝效果,使用少量混凝剂和絮凝剂,就可以达到很好的沉淀絮凝的效果,使回注的液体水质更好。
所述步骤(3)中的精密过滤池4中使用的是耐油袋式过滤器,过滤精度为0.5~5μm,耐油过滤器具有吸附和精细过滤双重作用,使回注的液体水质更好。
本发明方法对含油量超过1000mg/L,悬浮物含量超过500mg/L的压裂返排液破胶时使用的电子加速器2能量要求高,影响处理的经济性,应提前进行预处理。
本发明方法中不使用放射性核素,电子加速器2通过电源控制开启和关闭,断电后不产生任何辐射,且放射线能量<废水中元素的能量阈值,废水经过辐照处理后也不会产生放射性。
实施例1
待处理的压裂返排液为陕西定边地区胍胶体系压裂返排液,压裂返排液中含油85mg/L,悬浮含量280mg/L,粘度22mPa·s,COD2080mg/L,B 2.1mg/L,pH6.89,SRB25个/mL,在电子束辐照反应器的辐照剂量15KGy,停留时间20s的情况下,粘度降低到1.5mPa·s以下,COD为2512mg/L,起到了明显的破胶效果。在破胶过程中,一部分隐性COD被转换成显性,导致COD含量表面升高。加入PAFC100mg/L,PAM5mg/L,在聚集沉淀池沉淀20min后,用3μm耐油袋式过滤器过滤。最终产水:含油1.5mg/L,悬浮物2.0mg/L,粘度1mPa·s,COD 45mg/L,B0.3mg/L,细菌0个/mL。高于当地回注回用标准(含油≤5.0mg/L,悬浮物≤5.0mg/L,粘度≤1.5mpa·S,pH6-9,硫化物≤2.0mg/L),过程中产生的污泥拉运至指定地点处理。
实施例2
待处理的压裂返排液为长庆油田晒水池污水,原水是黑稠液体,有异味,存在溶解和乳化现象。检测原水含油量186mg/L,悬浮物411mg/L,pH5.5,硫酸盐还原菌250个/mL,铁细菌2.5×103个/mL腐生菌150个/mL,粘度15mPa·s,在电子束辐照反应器的辐照剂量8KGy,停留时间30s的情况下,粘度降低到1.5mPa·s以下,细菌含量为零。将pH调节到中性,加入PAFC80mg/L,PAM10mg/L,在聚集沉淀池沉淀15min后,用5μm耐油袋式过滤器过滤。最终产水:含油2.5mg/L,悬浮物8mg/L,粘度<2mPa·s,细菌含量0个/mL,高于当地回用标准(含油≤5.0mg/L,悬浮物≤5.0mg/L,粘度≤1.5mpa·S,pH6-9,硫化物≤2.0mg/L)和碳酸岩回注水标准(含油≤20mg/L,悬浮物≤80mg/L),过程中产生的污泥拉运至指定地点处理。
本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (9)
1.一种压裂返排液快速处理方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)压裂返排液泵入到电子束辐照室,在电子束辐照室停留20~120s;
(2)经过电子束辐照室处理后的污水加入混凝剂和絮凝剂,在絮凝沉淀池澄清;
(3)经过絮凝沉淀池处理后的水进入精密过滤池进行精细过滤;
(4)经过精密过滤池过滤的水收集到清水池。
2.根据权利要求1所述的压裂返排液快速处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中的电子束辐照使用的电子加速器能量范围为0.7~10MeV,电子束辐照室的辐射剂量是5~30KGy。
3.根据权利要求1所述的压裂返排液快速处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中的电子束辐照室进出口均设置有剂量监测探头。
4.根据权利要求1所述的压裂返排液快速处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中的电子束辐照室与电子加速器高压连锁,全程PLC控制,且设置有内外紧急停机开关。
5.根据权利要求1所述的压裂返排液快速处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中的电子束辐照室设置有液位控制开关。
6.根据权利要求1所述的压裂返排液快速处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中的絮凝沉淀池使用的是带药剂反应区的聚结斜板沉淀池。
7.根据权利要求6所述的压裂返排液快速处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中的絮凝沉淀池所使用的混凝剂是PAFC,剂量为50~150mg/L,絮凝剂是PAM,剂量为2~10mg/L,污水在絮凝沉淀池澄清20~40min。
8.根据权利要求7所述的压裂返排液快速处理方法,其特征在于:所述絮凝沉淀池中所使用的混凝剂PAFC的剂量为75~120mg/L,絮凝剂PAM的剂量为5~10mg/L,污水在絮凝沉淀池澄清20~30min。
9.根据权利要求1所述的压裂返排液快速处理方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中的精密过滤池中使用的是耐油袋式过滤器,过滤精度为0.5~5μm。
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