CN110459449B - Different-speed double-electron-beam electron gun - Google Patents
Different-speed double-electron-beam electron gun Download PDFInfo
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- CN110459449B CN110459449B CN201910773085.XA CN201910773085A CN110459449B CN 110459449 B CN110459449 B CN 110459449B CN 201910773085 A CN201910773085 A CN 201910773085A CN 110459449 B CN110459449 B CN 110459449B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
- H01J23/06—Electron or ion guns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
- H01J23/08—Focusing arrangements, e.g. for concentrating stream of electrons, for preventing spreading of stream
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J3/00—Details of electron-optical or ion-optical arrangements or of ion traps common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J3/02—Electron guns
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Abstract
The invention discloses a different-speed electron beam gun, which is applied to the technical field of vacuum electron and aims to solve the problem that the prior art cannot solve the problem of emitting electron beams with different speeds; the invention adopts a cathode-anode mixed structure with a high potential function of an anode and an electron beam emission function of a cathode, first acceleration is carried out on a first electron beam emitted by a first cathode emission surface through a voltage difference between a first cathode and the cathode-anode mixed structure, and second acceleration is carried out on the first electron beam through a voltage difference between the cathode-anode mixed structure and a second anode; the second electron beam emitted by the cathode emission surface on the cathode-anode mixed structure is accelerated once through the voltage difference between the cathode-anode mixed structure and the second anode, the first electron beam is focused through the first focusing electrode, and the second electron beam is focused through the second focusing electrode, so that the two different-speed high-quality electron beam emissions can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vacuum electron, and particularly relates to a different-speed dual-electron-beam electron gun.
Background
Compared with a solid-state device, the vacuum device with high power, high stability and long service life has great advantages and development potential in the millimeter wave terahertz wave band. However, as vacuum electronic devices are developed to higher frequencies, the size of the structure is reduced, and the difficulty of processing and assembling is greatly increased. In order to develop the development of the vacuum device in the terahertz field, the design of a novel slow wave structure (such as a staggered double-gate slow wave structure, a double-row metal comb-tooth type slow wave structure and a folded waveguide type slow wave structure) and the exploration of a new wave injection interaction mechanism become important research points of the terahertz vacuum device in recent years.
The patent 'a two electron beam terahertz foldable line-return wave amplifier' provides a novel feedback type beam injection interaction mechanism based on forward wave-return wave. The double-electron-beam terahertz folding type line-return wave amplifier utilizes forward waves and return waves working at the same frequency point to interact with electron beams with different speeds respectively, and effectively realizes the output of forward waves and return waves working at the same frequency point, so that a local oscillator signal source and a coherent signal source are expected to be provided for terahertz coherent detection, the frequency difference of the local oscillator signal and the coherent signal is effectively eliminated, and the sensitivity of the coherent detection is improved.
The double-electron-beam terahertz folding type line-return wave amplifier needs two electron beams with different speeds to perform wave injection interaction with forward waves and reverse waves respectively. Electron guns producing electron beams of different velocities are the basis for the operation of the device and constitute a prerequisite for the construction of the feedback loop. However, existing electron guns are typically designed to emit a single electron beam or multiple electron beams having the same velocity, and no design has been found with electron guns that emit electron beams having different velocities.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a different-speed electron beam electron gun, which realizes a voltage difference between two electron beams through a cathode-anode hybrid structure.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a kind of different speed electron beam electron gun, including two electron beam channels, the first negative pole, negative pole anode mixed structure, including the high-frequency system of the second positive pole; the two electron beam channels are respectively marked as a first electron beam channel and a second electron beam channel; the first electron beam emitted by the first cathode emission surface is transmitted along the first electron beam channel, and the first electron beam is firstly accelerated by the voltage difference between the first cathode and the cathode-anode mixed structure for the first time and then accelerated by the voltage difference between the cathode-anode mixed structure and the second anode for the second time; the cathode-anode mixed structure at least comprises a second cathode, second electron beams emitted by the second cathode emission surface are transmitted along a second electron beam channel, accelerated by the voltage difference between the cathode-anode mixed structure and the second anode, and enter the high-frequency system with the first electron beams subjected to twice acceleration to perform wave injection interaction.
Further, the electron microscope further comprises a first focusing electrode, and the first focusing electrode focuses the first electron beam.
Further, the cathode-anode hybrid structure further includes a second focusing electrode that focuses the second electron beam.
Further, the first cathode potential is-V1, the cathode anode mixed structure potential is-V2, the second anode potential is 0, and V1> V2> 0.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the electron gun of the invention comprises two electron beams and a twice acceleration design, wherein the twice acceleration design is respectively carried out on the first electron beam and the twice acceleration design is carried out on the second electron beam, so that the emission of the two electron beams with different speeds is realized, and the electron gun has the following advantages:
(1) the different-speed electron beam electron gun can effectively reduce the size of the electron gun and meet the problem that the terahertz vacuum device is small in geometric size;
(2) the electron gun with different-speed electron beams shortens the distance between the two electron beams, and meets the requirement of a forward wave-return wave terahertz radiation source on the electron beams;
(3) compared with the traditional electron gun, the different-speed electron beam electron gun can emit two electron beams simultaneously, improve the electron beam current and reduce the current density of the electron beams;
(4) the electron gun of different speed electron beam can emit two electron beams with different working voltages (namely different speed electron beam);
(5) the shape of the emitting surface of the electron gun for different-speed electron beams is not limited to a fixed shape, and can be circular, rectangular and the shape meeting the design requirement.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a forward wave-return wave feedback type terahertz radiation source based on a different-speed electron beam electron gun according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating electron beams in a slow wave structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the reference signs are: the cathode-anode hybrid structure comprises a first cathode 1, a first cathode emission surface 2, a first focusing electrode 3, a second cathode 4, a second cathode emission surface 5, a first anode 6, a second focusing electrode 7, a cathode-anode hybrid structure 8, a magnetic focusing system 9, a second anode (high-frequency system) 10, an electron beam channel 11, an electron beam channel 12 and a collector 13.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate the understanding of the technical contents of the present invention by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a different-speed electron beam electron gun of the present invention, which includes two electron beam channels, which are marked as a first electron beam channel 11 and a second electron beam channel 12, and further includes in sequence: the electron beam accelerator comprises a first cathode 1, a cathode-anode mixed structure 8, a high-frequency system comprising a second anode 10 and a collector 13, wherein a first electron beam emitted by a first cathode emission surface 2 is transmitted along a first electron beam channel 11, and the first electron beam is firstly accelerated by the voltage difference between the first cathode 1 and the cathode-anode mixed structure 8 and then accelerated by the voltage difference between the cathode-anode mixed structure 8 and the second anode 10 for the second time; the cathode-anode mixed structure 8 at least comprises a second cathode 4, the second electron beam emitted by the second cathode emission surface 5 is transmitted along a second electron beam channel 12, accelerated by the voltage difference between the cathode-anode mixed structure 8 and the second anode 10, and enters the high-frequency system with the first electron beam after being accelerated twice to perform injection wave interaction, and then is collected by a collector 13.
As shown in fig. 1, the electron microscope further comprises a first focusing electrode 3, wherein the first focusing electrode 3 focuses the first electron beam; the cathode-anode hybrid structure 8 further comprises a first anode 6 and a second focusing electrode 7, wherein the second focusing electrode focuses the second electron beam;
the first electron beam emitted by the first cathode emission surface 2 is transmitted along the first electron beam channel 11, sequentially passes through the first cathode 1 and the cathode-anode mixed structure 8, and then enters the high-frequency system;
the second electron beam emitted by the second cathode emission surface 5 is transmitted into the high-frequency system along the second electron beam channel 12;
the potential of the first cathode 1 is-V1, the potential of the cathode-anode mixed structure 8 is-V2, and the potential of the second anode 10 is 0;
the cathode-anode mixed structure 8 is one of the components of the electron gun of the invention, has the function of high electric potential of the anode to realize the voltage difference with the first cathode 1, and accelerates the electron beam 1; meanwhile, the cathode electron beam emission function and the focusing electrode function are provided, the electron beam emission surface of the cathode-anode mixed structure 8 emits second electron beams, and the high-quality emission of the second electron beams is realized through the focusing electrode function.
The first focusing electrode 3 focuses the first electron beam generated by the first cathode emission surface 2 to realize high-quality electron beam emission, the focused first electron beam is subjected to first acceleration through a voltage difference between the first cathode 1 and the cathode-anode mixed structure 8, and the first electron beam subjected to first acceleration is subjected to second acceleration through a voltage difference of V2 formed by the cathode-anode mixed structure 8 and the second anode 10;
the second focusing electrode 7 focuses the second electron beam generated by the second cathode emission surface 5 to realize high-quality electron beam emission, and the focused second electron beam is accelerated for the first time by a voltage difference of V2 formed by the cathode-anode mixed structure 8 and the second anode 10;
the magnetic focusing system can be arranged at the high-frequency system and performs magnetic focusing on the first electron beam and the second electron beam, so that the two electron beams are parallelly and stably transmitted to a high-frequency structure, and the electron beams and electromagnetic waves in the high-frequency system perform wave injection interaction; the voltages of the two electron beams are respectively V1 and V2.
According to the invention, the voltage difference between the two electron beams is realized through the cathode-anode mixed structure, so that the two electron beams emitted from the first cathode emission surface and the second cathode emission surface of the cathode-anode mixed structure can be stably transmitted under the combined action of the first focusing electrode, the second focusing electrode, the first cathode, the cathode-anode mixed structure and the second anode.
The two different-speed electron beams and the slow-wave structure (i.e. the high-frequency system) interact with the electromagnetic wave, and finally the electron beams after the interaction with the electromagnetic wave are collected by the collector 13.
Those skilled in the art should note that in practical application, the cathode-anode mixed structure, the distance between the anodes, the potential, the size and shape of the emitting surface, the shape of the focusing electrode, etc. can be adjusted according to the shape and size of the specific electron beam; as shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment is described by taking only one different-speed electron beam electron gun suitable for a 140GHz folded waveguide forward wave-return wave feedback type terahertz radiation source as an example, and the specific parameters are as follows:
the electron gun emits two electrons with voltage V1-15750V and V2-5700V, i.e. the potential of the first cathode 1 is-15750V, the potential of the cathode-anode hybrid structure 8 is-5700V, and both the two electrons are circular, the radius is 0.06mm, and the distance between the two electrons is t-0.31 mm (as shown in fig. 2). And then the electron beam enters a folded waveguide slow wave structure to perform injection wave interaction with the electromagnetic wave, and finally the electron beam after the injection wave interaction enters a collector.
The embodiment provides a specific structure of a folded waveguide: the width edge is 1.3mm, the narrow edge of the folded waveguide is 0.2mm, the period of the folded waveguide is 0.39, the height of the straight waveguide in the folded waveguide is 0.36mm, the radius of two electron beam channels in the folded waveguide is 0.12mm, and the distance between the two electron beam channels in the folded waveguide is 0.31 mm.
Although the external packaging structure of the electron gun with different velocity is not shown in this embodiment, those skilled in the art can package the structure of the present invention by using the existing known materials and technologies based on the inventive content of the electron gun with different velocity disclosed in the present invention, and the present invention does not affect the technical content of the present invention even though the external packaging structure is not limited by the present invention.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A kind of different speed electron beam electron gun, characterized by, including two electron beam channels, the first negative pole, negative pole positive pole mixed structure, high-frequency system including the second positive pole; the cathode-anode hybrid structure comprises a first anode; the two electron beam channels are respectively marked as a first electron beam channel and a second electron beam channel; the first electron beam emitted by the first cathode emission surface is transmitted along the first electron beam channel, and the first electron beam is firstly accelerated for the first time through the voltage difference between the first cathode and the first anode and then accelerated for the second time through the voltage difference between the cathode and anode mixed structure and the second anode; the cathode-anode mixed structure further comprises a second cathode, wherein second electrons emitted by the second cathode emission surface are transmitted along a second electron beam channel, accelerated by the voltage difference between the cathode-anode mixed structure and the second anode, and injected into the high-frequency system for wave injection interaction with the first electrons after being accelerated twice.
2. A beam gun according to claim 1, further comprising a first focusing electrode for focusing the first electron beam.
3. A different-velocity electron-beam gun according to claim 2, wherein said cathode-anode hybrid structure further comprises a second focusing electrode, said second focusing electrode focusing the second electron beam.
4. A different-velocity electron-injection gun according to claim 1, characterized in that the first cathode potential is-V1, the cathode-anode mixed structure potential is-V2, and the second anode potential is 0, V1> V2> 0.
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| CN201910773085.XA CN110459449B (en) | 2019-08-21 | 2019-08-21 | Different-speed double-electron-beam electron gun |
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| CN201910773085.XA CN110459449B (en) | 2019-08-21 | 2019-08-21 | Different-speed double-electron-beam electron gun |
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| CN110459449B true CN110459449B (en) | 2020-11-13 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102737927A (en) * | 2011-04-07 | 2012-10-17 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Double electron beam electron gun and gyrotron |
| CN106935456B (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2019-01-15 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十二研究所 | A kind of helix TWT based on segmentation tandem slow wave system |
| CN107968031B (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2019-12-03 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of bielectron note collapsible row-backward wave amplifier of Terahertz |
| RU178718U1 (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-04-18 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Саратовский национальный исследовательский государственный университет имени Н.Г. Чернышевского" | SHF-GENERATOR ON MULTI-SPEED ELECTRON FLOWS |
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