CN110457224A - Generate the method and device of test data - Google Patents
Generate the method and device of test data Download PDFInfo
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- CN110457224A CN110457224A CN201910752248.6A CN201910752248A CN110457224A CN 110457224 A CN110457224 A CN 110457224A CN 201910752248 A CN201910752248 A CN 201910752248A CN 110457224 A CN110457224 A CN 110457224A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F8/00—Arrangements for software engineering
- G06F8/10—Requirements analysis; Specification techniques
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- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/36—Preventing errors by testing or debugging software
- G06F11/3668—Software testing
- G06F11/3672—Test management
- G06F11/3684—Test management for test design, e.g. generating new test cases
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method and devices for generating test data, this method comprises: determining the data type of test data according to testing requirement;The constraint condition of test data is determined according to testing requirement;The constraint condition of test data includes the customized constraint condition of user;According to the data type of test data and the constraint condition of test data, test data corresponding with testing requirement is generated.The present invention is based on data types and constraint condition that testing requirement determines test data respectively, and then according to the data type and constraint condition of test data, automatically generate test data corresponding with testing requirement, can be improved the efficiency for generating test data;In addition, the constraint condition of test data includes the customized constraint condition of user, the flexibility for generating test data can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to software testing technology fields, more particularly to generate the method and device of test data.
Background technique
This part intends to provides background or context for the embodiment of the present invention stated in claims.Description herein
Recognize it is the prior art not because not being included in this section.
Currently, generally by manually generating test data in carrying out software test procedure.Such as manually generated survey
Document belongs to traditional test approach.Traditional manual testing is simple and easy with people, but increases greatly for tester
Operating point amount, the efficiency for generating test data is extremely low, causes the efficiency of software test unsatisfactory.
In order to solve the problems, such as it is above-mentioned manually generate test data caused by low efficiency, automatic test technology meet the tendency of and
It is raw.Automatic test technology is by testing tool automatic Data Generation Test, its advantage is that can be individually present, according to testing requirement
It calls in test file or automatically saves test result file after the completion of test.However although automatic test improves software
The efficiency of test, but there is biggish limitation when generating test data, so that it is inflexible to generate test data.
Therefore, it is existing generate test data method there is a problem of low efficiency, flexibility difference.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method for generating test data, to improve the efficiency for generating test data, together
Shi Tigao generates the flexibility of test data, this method comprises:
The data type of test data is determined according to testing requirement;
The constraint condition of test data is determined according to testing requirement;The constraint condition of test data includes that user is customized
Constraint condition;
According to the data type of test data and the constraint condition of test data, test number corresponding with testing requirement is generated
According to.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of device, to improve the efficiency for generating test data, while improving generation and surveying
The flexibility of data is tried, which includes:
Data type determining module, for determining the data type of test data according to testing requirement;
Constraint condition determining module, for determining the constraint condition of test data according to testing requirement;The pact of test data
Beam condition includes the customized constraint condition of user;
Generation module, for according to the data type of test data and the constraint condition of test data, generating to be needed with test
Seek corresponding test data.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of computer equipment, including memory, processor and storage are on a memory simultaneously
The computer program that can be run on a processor, the processor realize above-mentioned generation test number when executing the computer program
According to method.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of computer readable storage medium, and the computer-readable recording medium storage has
Execute the computer program of the method for above-mentioned generation test data.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the data type and constraint condition of test data are determined respectively based on testing requirement, in turn
According to the data type and constraint condition of test data, test data corresponding with testing requirement is automatically generated, can be improved life
At the efficiency of test data;In addition, the constraint condition of test data includes the customized constraint condition of user, generation can be improved
The flexibility of test data.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with
It obtains other drawings based on these drawings.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the implementation flow chart of the method provided in an embodiment of the present invention for generating test data;
Fig. 2 is another implementation flow chart of the method provided in an embodiment of the present invention for generating test data;
Fig. 3 is the another implementation flow chart of the method provided in an embodiment of the present invention for generating test data;
Fig. 4 is the implementation flow chart of step 305 in the method provided in an embodiment of the present invention for generating test data;
Fig. 5 is the functional block diagram of the device provided in an embodiment of the present invention for generating test data;
Fig. 6 is another functional block diagram of the device provided in an embodiment of the present invention for generating test data;
Fig. 7 is the another functional block diagram of the device provided in an embodiment of the present invention for generating test data;
Fig. 8 is the structural block diagram of generation unit 705 in the device provided in an embodiment of the present invention for generating test data.
Specific embodiment
Understand in order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawing to this hair
Bright embodiment is described in further details.Here, the illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention, but simultaneously
It is not as a limitation of the invention.
Fig. 1 shows the implementation process of the method provided in an embodiment of the present invention for generating test data, for ease of description, only
Part related to the embodiment of the present invention is shown, details are as follows:
As shown in Figure 1, the method for generating test data comprising:
Step 101, the data type of test data is determined according to testing requirement;
Step 102, the constraint condition of test data is determined according to testing requirement;The constraint condition of test data includes user
Customized constraint condition;
Step 103, it according to the data type of test data and the constraint condition of test data, generates corresponding with testing requirement
Test data.
It needs in advance to arrange test item or test content in software test procedure, such as based on writing
Testing scheme determines testing requirement etc., and containing in testing scheme needs many aspects to be tested.Such as it is stability test, soft
Part functional test etc..It determines that testing requirement can targetedly test software, has to generate with testing requirement
Targeted test data, and then software is tested using the test data of generation, to meet testing requirement.
Wherein, in one embodiment of this invention, the data type of test data includes numeric type, Boolean type, character string
The data types such as type, it will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the data type of test data can also include removing above-mentioned number
Other data types, such as text-type, picture type and file type except value type, Boolean type, character string type etc., the present invention are implemented
Example does not limit this particularly.
Wherein, in one embodiment of this invention, the constraint condition of test data includes the data length of test data.This
Field technical staff is it is understood that the constraint condition of test data can also include other in addition to above-mentioned data length
Constraint condition, such as the language form of test data etc., the embodiment of the present invention does not limit this particularly.
In addition, in order to improve the flexibility for generating test data, the constraint condition packet of test data in the embodiment of the present invention
Include the customized constraint condition of user.I.e. user can carry out the constraint condition of test data when generating test data
It is customized, to improve the flexibility for generating test data.
It, can be directly automatically according to test after the data type and constraint condition for determining test data based on testing requirement
The data type and constraint condition of data generate test data corresponding with testing requirement, therefore can be improved generation test number
According to efficiency.
In embodiments of the present invention, the data type and constraint condition for determining test data respectively based on testing requirement, into
And according to the data type and constraint condition of test data, test data corresponding with testing requirement is automatically generated, can be improved
Generate the efficiency of test data.In addition, the constraint condition of test data includes the customized constraint condition of user, life can be improved
At the flexibility of test data.
Fig. 2 shows another implementation processes of the method provided in an embodiment of the present invention for generating test data, for convenient for retouching
It states, only parts related to embodiments of the present invention are shown, and details are as follows:
In one embodiment of this invention, as shown in Fig. 2, on the basis of the method and step shown in above-mentioned Fig. 1, test is generated
The method of data, further includes:
Step 201, according to the data type of the data type modification instruction modification test data received.
In order to further increase the flexibility for generating test data, user can permit to the number of fixed test data
It modifies according to type.Instruction can be modified by receiving the data type of user, and then according to the number of the user received
It modifies according to type modification instruction to the data type of test data, to further increase the flexibility for generating test data.
In embodiments of the present invention, the data type of instruction modification test data is modified according to the data type received,
It can be further improved the flexibility for generating test data.
In one embodiment of this invention, as shown in Fig. 2, generating test data on the basis of above method step
Method, further includes:
Step 202, according to the constraint condition of the constraint condition modification instruction modification test data received.
Likewise, can permit user to fixed test to further increase the flexibility for generating test data
The constraint condition of data is modified.Instruction can be modified by receiving the constraint condition of user, and then according to receiving
The constraint condition modification instruction of user modifies to the constraint condition of test data, generates test data to further increase
Flexibility.
In embodiments of the present invention, the constraint condition of instruction modification test data is modified according to the constraint condition received,
It can be further improved the flexibility for generating test data.
Fig. 3 shows the another implementation process of the method provided in an embodiment of the present invention for generating test data, for convenient for retouching
It states, only parts related to embodiments of the present invention are shown, and details are as follows:
In one embodiment of this invention, test data includes the first test data and the second test data.Such as Fig. 3 institute
Show, generate step 101 in the method for test data, the data type of test data is determined according to testing requirement, comprising:
Step 301, the data type of the first test data and the number of the second test data are determined respectively according to testing requirement
According to type;
Step 102, the constraint condition of test data is determined according to testing requirement, comprising:
Step 302, the constraint condition of the first test data and the pact of the second test data are determined respectively according to testing requirement
Beam condition;
Step 103, it according to the data type of test data and the constraint condition of test data, generates corresponding with testing requirement
Test data, comprising:
Step 303, it according to the data type of the first test data and the constraint condition of the first test data, determines and tests
Corresponding first test data of demand;
Step 304, it according to the data type of the second test data and the constraint condition of the second test data, determines and tests
Corresponding second test data of demand;
Step 305, according to the first test data and the second Test data generation test data corresponding with testing requirement.
Applicant has found under study for action, and during sometimes testing software, the test data for needing to generate can
The survey that energy more than one data type or the possible difference of its constraint condition, i.e. test data may include more than one type
Try data.
Therefore, in order to further increase the flexibility for generating test data, the test data in the embodiment of the present invention includes
First test data and the second test data.It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that test data can also include except upper
State third test data and the 4th test data etc. except the first test data and the second test data, and third test data
And the 4th test data data type and constraint condition, with the data type of the first test data or the second test data and about
Beam condition can be identical, can not also be identical, and the embodiment of the present invention does not limit this particularly.
Therefore, on the basis of above-mentioned, in the data type for determining test data, the is determined respectively based on testing requirement
The data type of the data type of one test data and the second test data.
Likewise, determining the first test data respectively based on testing requirement in the constraint condition for determining test data
The constraint condition of constraint condition and the second test data.
In turn, when generating test data, data type and constraint condition based on the first test data generate first and survey
Data are tried, and the data type based on the second test data and constraint condition generate the second test data.
Wherein, step 303 and step 304 execute sequence without successive, can first carry out step 303 and execute step 304 again, i.e.,
It first generates the first test data and regenerates the second test data;Step 304 can also be first carried out and execute step 303, i.e. Mr. again
The first test data is regenerated at the second test data, or is performed simultaneously step 303 and 304, i.e., generates the first test simultaneously
Data and the second test data.
After determining the first test data and the second test data, the first test data and the second test data can be based on
Test data is generated, i.e., is combined the first test data and the second test data, test corresponding with testing requirement is formed
Data, to further increase the flexibility for generating test data.
In one embodiment of this invention, the data type of the data type of the first test data and the second test data can
, can not also be identical with identical, the flexibility for generating test data can be further increased.
In one embodiment of this invention, the constraint condition of the constraint condition of the first test data and the second test data can
, can not also be identical with identical, the flexibility for generating test data can be further increased.
In embodiments of the present invention, the data type and constraint item of the first test data are determined respectively based on testing requirement
The data type and constraint condition of part and the second test data generate the first test data and the second test data respectively accordingly,
And then final test data is formed according to the first test data and the second test data of generation, generation can be further increased
The flexibility of test data.
Fig. 4 shows the implementation process of step 305 in the method provided in an embodiment of the present invention for generating test data, for just
In description, only parts related to embodiments of the present invention are shown, and details are as follows:
In one embodiment of this invention, it as shown in figure 4, generating step 305 in the method for test data, is surveyed according to first
Try data and the second Test data generation test data, comprising:
Step 401, the weight of the first test data and the second test data is determined respectively according to testing requirement;
Step 402, according to the weight and the second test data of the first test data and the first test data and the second test
The weight of data generates test data corresponding with testing requirement.
When forming test data based on the first test data and the second test data, different testing requirements need the
The weight (the first test data accounting in test data, such as quantity accounting etc.) of one test data or the second test number
According to weight may be not identical.In order to enable the test number generated has more specific aim and adaptability, test number is first determined respectively
The weight of the first test data and the second test data in, and then determine final test data.
Wherein, when determining the weight of the first test data and the second test data, the weight of reception user can be passed through
Instruct the weight for determining the first test data.Likewise, can also determine the second test number by receiving the weight instruction of user
According to weight.
It, specifically can be true by following formula after the weight of the weight and the second test data that determine the first test data
Surely the test data ultimately generated:
W=w1α+w2β;
Wherein, w indicates the test data ultimately generated, w1Indicate the first test data, α indicates the power of the first test data
Weight, w2Indicate the second test data, β indicates the weight of the second test data.
In embodiments of the present invention, the weight of the first test data and the weight of the second test data are determined respectively, in turn
According to the first test data and its weight, the second test data and its weight generate final test data, can further mention
Height generates the flexibility of test data.
A kind of device for generating test data is additionally provided in the embodiment of the present invention, as described in the following examples.Due to
The principle that these devices solve the problems, such as is similar to the method for test data is generated, therefore the implementation of these devices may refer to method
Implementation, overlaps will not be repeated.
Fig. 5 shows the functional module of the device provided in an embodiment of the present invention for generating test data, for purposes of illustration only, only
Part related to the embodiment of the present invention is shown, details are as follows:
With reference to Fig. 5, the modules that the device for generating test data is included are for executing in Fig. 1 corresponding embodiment
Each step, referring specifically to the associated description in Fig. 1 and Fig. 1 corresponding embodiment, details are not described herein again.The present invention is implemented
In example, the device for generating test data includes data type determining module 501, constraint condition determining module 502 and generates
Module 503.
Data type determining module 501, for determining the data type of test data according to testing requirement;
Constraint condition determining module 502, for determining the constraint condition of test data according to testing requirement;Test data
Constraint condition includes the customized constraint condition of user;
Generation module 503, for generating and testing according to the data type of test data and the constraint condition of test data
The corresponding test data of demand.
In embodiments of the present invention, data type determining module 501 determines the number of test data based on testing requirement respectively
It determines the constraint condition of test data respectively based on testing requirement according to type and constraint condition determining module 502, and then generates mould
Block 503 automatically generates test data corresponding with testing requirement, Neng Gouti according to the data type and constraint condition of test data
Height generates the efficiency of test data.In addition, the constraint condition of test data includes the customized constraint condition of user, can be improved
Generate the flexibility of test data.
In one embodiment of this invention, the data type of test data includes one or more of:
Numeric type, Boolean type, character string type, text-type, picture type and file type.
In one embodiment of this invention, the constraint condition of test data includes one or more of:
The data length of test data and the language form of test data.
Fig. 6 shows another modular structure of the device provided in an embodiment of the present invention for generating test data, for convenient for saying
Bright, only parts related to embodiments of the present invention are shown, and details are as follows:
In one embodiment of this invention, with reference to Fig. 6, the modules that the device for generating test data is included are used
In executing each step in Fig. 2 corresponding embodiment, referring specifically to the associated description in Fig. 2 and Fig. 2 corresponding embodiment, this
Place repeats no more.In the embodiment of the present invention, on the basis of the modular structure shown in above-mentioned Fig. 5, the dress for generating test data
It sets, further includes data type modified module 601.
Data type modified module 601, for the number according to the data type modification instruction modification test data received
According to type.
In embodiments of the present invention, data type modified module 601 modifies instruction modification according to the data type received
The data type of test data can further increase the flexibility for generating test data.
In one embodiment of this invention, with reference to Fig. 6, on the basis of above-mentioned modular structure, the generation test data
Device, further include constraint condition modified module 602.
Constraint condition modified module 602, for the pact according to the constraint condition modification instruction modification test data received
Beam condition.
In embodiments of the present invention, constraint condition modified module 602 modifies instruction modification according to the constraint condition received
The constraint condition of test data can further increase the flexibility for generating test data.
Fig. 7 shows the another modular structure of the device provided in an embodiment of the present invention for generating test data, for convenient for saying
Bright, only parts related to embodiments of the present invention are shown, and details are as follows:
In one embodiment of this invention, with reference to Fig. 7, each unit that the device for generating test data is included is used
In executing each step in Fig. 3 corresponding embodiment, referring specifically to the associated description in Fig. 3 and Fig. 3 corresponding embodiment, this
Place repeats no more.In the embodiment of the present invention, data type determining module 501 includes data in the device for generating test data
Type determining units 701, constraint condition determining module 502 include constraint condition determination unit 702, and generation module 503 includes the
One generation unit 703, the second generation unit 704 and generation unit 705.
Data type determination unit 701, for according to testing requirement respectively determine the first test data data type and
The data type of second test data;
Constraint condition determination unit 702, for according to testing requirement respectively determine the first test data constraint condition and
The constraint condition of second test data;
First generation unit 703, according to the data type of the first test data and the constraint condition of the first test data, really
Fixed the first test data corresponding with testing requirement;
Second generation unit 704, according to the data type of the second test data and the constraint condition of the second test data, really
Fixed the second test data corresponding with testing requirement;
Generation unit 705, according to the first test data and the second Test data generation test number corresponding with testing requirement
According to.
In embodiments of the present invention, data type determination unit 701 determines the first test data based on testing requirement respectively
And second test data data type, constraint condition determination unit 702 based on testing requirement respectively determine the first test data
And second test data constraint condition, accordingly the first generation unit 703 and the second generation unit 704 generate respectively first test
Data and the second test data, and then generation unit 705 is formed most according to the first test data of generation and the second test data
Whole test data can further increase the flexibility for generating test data.
Fig. 8 shows the structural representation of generation unit 705 in the device provided in an embodiment of the present invention for generating test data,
For purposes of illustration only, only parts related to embodiments of the present invention are shown, details are as follows:
In one embodiment of this invention, with reference to Fig. 8, each subelement that the generation unit 705 is included is for holding
Each step in row Fig. 4 corresponding embodiment, referring specifically to the associated description in Fig. 4 and Fig. 4 corresponding embodiment, herein not
It repeats again.In the embodiment of the present invention, the generation unit 705 includes weight subelement 801 and generation subelement 802
Weight subelement 801, for determining the power of the first test data and the second test data respectively according to testing requirement
Weight.
Subelement 802 is generated, for the weight and the second test data according to the first test data and the first test data
With the weight of the second test data, test data corresponding with testing requirement is generated.
In embodiments of the present invention, weight subelement 801 determines the first test data and second according to testing requirement respectively
The weight of test data generates subelement 802 according to the weight and the second test number of the first test data and the first test data
According to the weight with the second test data, test data corresponding with testing requirement is generated, generation test number can be further increased
According to survey flexibility.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of computer equipment, including memory, processor and storage are on a memory simultaneously
The computer program that can be run on a processor, the processor realize above-mentioned generation test number when executing the computer program
According to method.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of computer readable storage medium, and the computer-readable recording medium storage has
Execute the computer program of the method for above-mentioned generation test data.
In conclusion the embodiment of the present invention determines the data type and constraint item of test data based on testing requirement respectively
Part, so according to the data type and constraint condition of test data, test data corresponding with testing requirement is automatically generated, it can
Improve the efficiency for generating test data;In addition, the constraint condition of test data includes the customized constraint condition of user, Neng Gouti
Height generates the flexibility of test data.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that, the embodiment of the present invention can provide as method, system or computer program
Product.Therefore, complete hardware embodiment, complete software embodiment or reality combining software and hardware aspects can be used in the present invention
Apply the form of example.Moreover, it wherein includes the computer of computer usable program code that the present invention, which can be used in one or more,
The computer program implemented in usable storage medium (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical memory etc.) produces
The form of product.
The present invention be referring to according to the method for the embodiment of the present invention, the process of equipment (system) and computer program product
Figure and/or block diagram describe.It should be understood that every one stream in flowchart and/or the block diagram can be realized by computer program instructions
The combination of process and/or box in journey and/or box and flowchart and/or the block diagram.It can provide these computer programs
Instruct the processor of general purpose computer, special purpose computer, Embedded Processor or other programmable data processing devices to produce
A raw machine, so that being generated by the instruction that computer or the processor of other programmable data processing devices execute for real
The device for the function of being specified in present one or more flows of the flowchart and/or one or more blocks of the block diagram.
These computer program instructions, which may also be stored in, is able to guide computer or other programmable data processing devices with spy
Determine in the computer-readable memory that mode works, so that it includes referring to that instruction stored in the computer readable memory, which generates,
Enable the manufacture of device, the command device realize in one box of one or more flows of the flowchart and/or block diagram or
The function of being specified in multiple boxes.
These computer program instructions also can be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, so that counting
Series of operation steps are executed on calculation machine or other programmable devices to generate computer implemented processing, thus in computer or
The instruction executed on other programmable devices is provided for realizing in one or more flows of the flowchart and/or block diagram one
The step of function of being specified in a box or multiple boxes.
Particular embodiments described above has carried out further in detail the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects
Describe in detail it is bright, it should be understood that the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, the guarantor being not intended to limit the present invention
Range is protected, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in this
Within the protection scope of invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for generating test data characterized by comprising
The data type of test data is determined according to testing requirement;
The constraint condition of test data is determined according to testing requirement;The constraint condition of test data includes the customized constraint of user
Condition;
According to the data type of test data and the constraint condition of test data, test data corresponding with testing requirement is generated.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include:
According to the data type of the data type modification instruction modification test data received.
3. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include:
According to the constraint condition of the constraint condition modification instruction modification test data received.
4. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that test data includes the first test data and the second test number
According to determining the data type of test data according to testing requirement, comprising:
Determine the data type of the first test data and the data type of the second test data respectively according to testing requirement;
The constraint condition of test data is determined according to testing requirement, comprising:
Determine the constraint condition of the first test data and the constraint condition of the second test data respectively according to testing requirement;
According to the data type of test data and the constraint condition of test data, test data corresponding with testing requirement is generated,
Include:
According to the data type of the first test data and the constraint condition of the first test data, corresponding with testing requirement the is determined
One test data;
According to the data type of the second test data and the constraint condition of the second test data, corresponding with testing requirement the is determined
Two test datas;
According to the first test data and the second Test data generation test data corresponding with testing requirement.
5. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that tested according to the first test data and the second Test data generation
Data, comprising:
Determine the weight of the first test data and the second test data respectively according to testing requirement;
According to the first test data and the weight of the first test data and the weight of the second test data and the second test data,
Generate test data corresponding with testing requirement.
6. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the data type of test data includes one or more of:
Numeric type, Boolean type, character string type, text-type, picture type and file type.
7. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the constraint condition of test data includes one or more of:
The data length of test data and the language form of test data.
8. a kind of device for generating test data characterized by comprising
Data type determining module, for determining the data type of test data according to testing requirement;
Constraint condition determining module, for determining the constraint condition of test data according to testing requirement;The constraint item of test data
Part includes the customized constraint condition of user;
Generation module, for generating and testing requirement pair according to the data type of test data and the constraint condition of test data
The test data answered.
9. a kind of computer equipment including memory, processor and stores the meter that can be run on a memory and on a processor
Calculation machine program, which is characterized in that the processor realizes any side of claim 1 to 7 when executing the computer program
Method.
10. a kind of computer readable storage medium, which is characterized in that the computer-readable recording medium storage has perform claim
It is required that the computer program of 1 to 7 any the method.
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