CN110456410A - Distributed hydrophone based on superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable - Google Patents
Distributed hydrophone based on superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable Download PDFInfo
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- CN110456410A CN110456410A CN201910804005.2A CN201910804005A CN110456410A CN 110456410 A CN110456410 A CN 110456410A CN 201910804005 A CN201910804005 A CN 201910804005A CN 110456410 A CN110456410 A CN 110456410A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
- G01H9/006—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors the vibrations causing a variation in the relative position of the end of a fibre and another element
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/18—Receiving elements, e.g. seismometer, geophone or torque detectors, for localised single point measurements
- G01V1/186—Hydrophones
Abstract
The invention discloses the distributed hydrophones based on superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable, are related to Fibre Optical Sensor and hydrophone field；It includes sequentially connected distribution type fiber-optic hydrophone and superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable；Above-mentioned optical cable includes central supported layer, p root multi-core optical fiber and outer jacket, and every multi-core optical fiber includes q root fibre core, and multi-core optical fiber is arranged hard-pressed bale casing, and p root multi-core optical fiber isometric helix in the same direction is wrapped on central supported layer；Distribution type fiber-optic hydrophone includes pulse modulation module, demultiplexing module and multiplexing module, takes frequency division multiplexing to per time-derived channel all the way while signal carries out space division multiplexing in more multi-core optical fibers.Space division multiplexing combination frequency division multiplexing, the frequency response range of system external circle sound wave are substantially improved the present invention, reach the demand of hydrophone；Flexible optical cable is added significantly to the sensitivity for extraneous acoustic pressure；Simultaneously it is at low cost, sensitivity each position is identical, be suitable for long distance monitoring and large-scale network-estabilishing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Fibre Optical Sensors and hydrophone field, are based especially on point of superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable
Cloth hydrophone.
Background technique
Voice signal is the form of energy that can uniquely carry out long-distance communications in the seawater, therefore, using sound wave as letter
Breath carrier has a wide range of applications to the monitoring of submarine target acoustic characteristic in fields such as military affairs, national defence, the people's livelihood, scientific researches.
At World War II initial stage, due to the needs of ocean military affairs, a kind of work of the hydrophone as important perception marine information
Tool is quickly developed out.In the time then less than 100 years, after repeatedly in the principle and performance indicator of hydrophone
Revolutionary development, and be still widely studied and pay close attention to nowadays.
The early development and hydrophone being widely used has used electronic detector technology.External sound wave bring matter
Displacement, the velocity and acceleration variation of point can be the variation of capacitive potentials by oscillator linear transformation inside wave detector, because
This, the variable quantity for monitoring electric signal can recover the waveform of external sound wave.But in actual application, based on electricity
That there are frequency response ranges is narrow for the hydrophone of sub- wave detector, single-point monitoring cost is excessively high so that large-scale network-estabilishing is difficult, easily
The disadvantages of by electromagnetic interference, therefore its applicable situation and investigative range are restricted.
Hydrophone based on fibre optic interferometer have electromagnetism interference, high sensitivity, high reliablity, it is small in size, be easy to group
The features such as net, therefore after the 1970s is put forward for the first time by US Naval Research Laboratory, just cause the wide of scientific circles, various countries
General research.When external sound wave is applied on fibre optic interferometer, the chamber of interferometer is long and refractive index can change, therefore base
In the hydrophone of fibre optic interferometer target sound pressure signal can be extracted by extracting light phase variable quantity.But it is based on optical fiber
There are the uncertain problems of the sensitivity of each monitoring point from each other for the hydrophone of interferometer manufacture；In addition, the technology is made
Valence is excessively high, so that large-scale network-estabilishing expends valuableness.
In the recent period, the hydrophone based on optical fiber laser is quickly grown.Its principle is using external sound wave for laser excitation
The change of condition is perceived.The sensitivity of the technology is very high, but it is unstable to the response of external sound wave, and encapsulates
Difficulty, cost is high, can not be suitable for large-scale network-estabilishing application.
In addition, three kinds of above-mentioned hydrophones are all based on point sensor and are designed, therefore, in the process of large-scale network-estabilishing
In, since the interval between adjacent detector point is larger, there are big on airspace for the whole perception for external sound wave signal of system
Range blind spot.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: the present invention provides the distributed waters based on superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable to listen
Device, for optical fiber distributed type acoustic wave sensing system frequency response range, lower, sound pressure sensitivity is not achieved water and listens requirement grade
Difficult point, using space division multiplexing and frequency division multiplexing and superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable, so that system is for extraneous sound
The sample rate of wave is substantially improved, and optical cable is significantly enhanced the sensitivity of acoustic pressure, realize high density,
The inexpensive distribution type fiber-optic hydrophone system of highly sensitive, a wide range of response bandwidth.
The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
Based on the distributed hydrophone of superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable, including sequentially connected distribution type fiber-optic water
Listen device and superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable；
The superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable includes central supported layer, p root multi-core optical fiber and outer jacket, described every
Root multi-core optical fiber includes q root fibre core, and the p root multi-core optical fiber isometric helix in the same direction is wrapped on central supported layer；
The distribution type fiber-optic hydrophone includes pulse modulation module, multiplexing module and demultiplexing module, institute
It states to frequency division multiplexing is taken per time-derived channel all the way while signal carries out space division multiplexing in more multi-core optical fibers, modulation is conciliate
Adjust formula as follows:
It is f that pulse modulation module, which circuits sequentially and modulates p × q group carrier frequency,1, f2..., fhShort pulse, adjacent pulse
Interval time τ are as follows:
Wherein, h is intermediate frequency number used in frequency division multiplexing, and n is the refractive index of fibre core in multi-core optical fiber, and L is testing fiber
Length, c is vacuum light speed；
After signal is included the multiplexing module 303 of the road p × q output port, the repetition of each channel output pulse string
For c/2Ln, the time delay of the train of pulse of adjacency channel is 2Ln/ (pq-1) c；
Each pass in demultiplexing module enters local oscillator light and carries out down coversion, and extraction carrier frequency is f1, f2..., fh
The corresponding Rayleigh scattering light phase changing capacity of short pulse；If the intermediate frequency of the 1st tunnel output is f1The signal that is extracted of pulse
Corresponding sampling instant is that the intermediate frequency of the road 0, Zek (k=1,2 ..., p × q) output is fiThe pulse of (i=1,2 ..., h)
The corresponding sampling instant of the signal extracted are as follows:
Preferably, described p, q are the positive integer more than or equal to 2, and the spiral winding spacing, which is greater than, is arranged hard-pressed bale set
2 times of the diameter of the multi-core optical fiber of pipe and the perimeter less than central supported layer.
Preferably, the central supported layer is much smaller than the cylindrical flexible material of multi-core optical fiber using Young's modulus, described
The outer jacket flexible material big using Young's modulus, the Young's modulus of the outer jacket are greater than the Young's modulus of central supported layer.
Preferably, the outer jacket diameter is greater than twice of central supported layer diameter, and the central supported layer diameter is greater than
The diameter of multi-core optical fiber and be less than 0.1m, the hard-pressed bale casing diameter is far smaller than the diameter of central supported layer, and is no more than
2mm。
Preferably, the distribution type fiber-optic hydrophone further includes laser, circulator unit and optical cable link block；It is described
Laser, pulse modulation module, multiplexing module, circulator unit and optical cable link block are sequentially connected with；The circulator
3 ports of unit are also sequentially connected demultiplexing module, photoelectric detection module；The output end of the photoelectric detection module with
Sampling module and signal analysis module are sequentially connected with electrical signal transmission line.
Preferably, the laser uses high coherent mono frequency laser；The pulse modulation module includes sequentially connected
Optical modulator and image intensifer.
Preferably, the multiplexing module includes photo-coupler and photoswitch, and photo-coupler exports image intensifer
Pulsed light is equably divided into the road p × q, and then input possesses the photoswitch progress spatial division multiplexing greater than the road p × q input/output port
With；The circulator unit includes p × q mutually independent optical fiber circulators, and the road the p × q signal exported from photoswitch is by ring
The port 1 of shape device unit is transported to port 2, is then input to optical cable link block.
Preferably, the optical cable link block includes that fan-in is fanned out to and is fanned out to the road p × q with low damage connector, the fan-in
The low damage of the pulsed light of single mode optical fiber input is coupled in p root multi-core optical fiber, then passes through low damage connector and superpower bending resistance multicore
Multi-core optical fiber in optical fiber flexible optical cable carries out low damage coupling.
In conclusion by adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. the present invention is used compared to the hydrophone system based on electronic detector, fibre optic interferometer and optical fiber laser
Multi-core optical fiber without any micro process is as sensing media, so that its cost is relatively low, is suitable for large-scale network-estabilishing；Together
When, it is protected when being conducive to later period stranding using the optical fiber for not doing micro process, so that its more difficult damage；Also, it is each
The sensitivity in spatial sampling section can keep almost the same；In addition, the present invention is based on optical fiber distributed type acoustic wave sensing system into
Row is built, so that it is high for the spatial sampling closeness of external sound wave, airspace detection blind area is not present.
2. flexible optical cable proposed by the invention uses flexible material to support as inside, so that the sensitivity of optical fiber mentions
It is high；Optical fiber is protected using hard-pressed bale casing simultaneously, optical fiber is allowed to perceive external sound wave vibration well；In addition, tight
Packet fiber spiral is wrapped in flexible support material, and unit measures can be longer by the optical fiber of external world's influence in length, so that single
The phase changing capacity of position measurement length accumulation is bigger, and the phase changing capacity accumulated in sensitivity and system gauge length is directly proportional,
Therefore spiral winding can make the sensitivity of optical cable be substantially improved；The oversheath of optical cable is greater than internal support using Young's modulus
Flexible material, allow the effectively incoming optical fiber of sound wave, while internal optical fiber formation being effectively protected.
3. the technology that present invention employs space division multiplexings in conjunction with frequency division multiplexing overcomes traditional fiber distribution sound wave biography
The problem of frequency response duration is limited by sensing length in sensing system has widened sampling of the system for external sound wave significantly
Rate；Effective sound wave channel is normally at kHz magnitude or more in ocean, and conventional long-range optical fiber distributed type sound wave sensing is
This magnitude is not achieved in the response frequency of system, and the present invention carries out space division multiplexing using more multi-core optical fibers, while to per the time-division all the way
Channel takes frequency division multiplexing, has widened system significantly for the highest response frequency of external sound wave.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, below will be to needed in the embodiment attached
Figure is briefly described, it should be understood that the following drawings illustrates only certain embodiments of the present invention, therefore is not construed as
Restriction to range for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with root
Other relevant attached drawings are obtained according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is that the part of the distributed hydrophone of the invention based on superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable forms frame
Figure；
Fig. 2 is that the application scenarios of the distributed hydrophone of the invention based on superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable are illustrated
Figure；(a) it is the schematic diagram perceived using underwater acoustic transducer, is (b) schematic diagram of perception natural sound wave；
Fig. 3 is the system block diagram of distribution type fiber-optic hydrophone main body of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of internal structure of pulse modulation module of the invention；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of internal structure of multiplexing module of the invention；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of internal structure of circulator unit of the invention；
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of internal structure of optical cable link block of the invention；
Fig. 8 is the structural schematic diagram of the invention based on superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable；(a) illustrate for cross section
Figure；It (b) is three dimensional structure diagram；
Fig. 9 is the structural schematic diagram of multi-core optical fiber of the invention；
When Figure 10 is that distributed hydrophone of the invention carries out space division multiplexing technology using a multi-core optical fiber, each fibre
The transmission situation of pulse in core；
Figure 11 is distributed hydrophone of the invention using a multi-core optical fiber progress space division multiplexing technology and frequency division multiplexing
When technology, the transmission situation of the pulse in each fibre core.
Appended drawing reference: 101- flexible optical cable, 102- underwater acoustic transducer, 201- fibre optic hydrophone, 301- laser, 302- arteries and veins
Modulated module, 303- multiplexing module, 304- circulator unit, 305- optical cable link block, 306- demultiplexing mould
Block, 307- photoelectric detection module, 308- sampling module, 309- signal analysis module, 401- optical modulator, 402- image intensifer,
501- photo-coupler, 502- photoswitch, 600- optical fiber circulator, 701- fan-in are fanned out to, the low damage connector of 702-, are protected outside 801-
Layer, 802- central supported layer, 803- hard-pressed bale casing, 804- multi-core optical fiber, two hard-pressed bale casings of 8031-8032-, 8041-
Two multi-core optical fibers of 8042-, 901- mono- typical commercial multi-core optical fiber, 902- fibre core, the 9 of 9021-9029- multi-core optical fiber
Root fibre core.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that described herein, specific examples are only used to explain the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention, i.e., described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than whole implementation
Example.The components of embodiments of the present invention, which are generally described and illustrated herein in the accompanying drawings can be arranged with a variety of different configurations
And design.
Therefore, the detailed description of the embodiment of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit below claimed
The scope of the present invention, but be merely representative of selected embodiment of the invention.Based on the embodiment of the present invention, art technology
Personnel's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work belongs to the model that the present invention protects
It encloses.
It should be noted that the relational terms of term " first " and " second " or the like be used merely to an entity or
Operation is distinguished with another entity or operation, is appointed without necessarily requiring or implying existing between these entities or operation
What this actual relationship or sequence.Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant be intended to it is non-
It is exclusive to include, so that the process, method, article or equipment for including a series of elements not only includes those elements,
It but also including other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include for this process, method, article or equipment institute
Intrinsic element.In the absence of more restrictions, the element limited by sentence "including a ...", it is not excluded that
There is also other identical elements in process, method, article or equipment including the element.
After squeezing into the high coherent pulse of narrow linewidth in a fiber, having occurred for electronics in inside of optical fibre particle is caused and has been total to
Vibration, to excite comprehensive Rayleigh scattering.Rayleigh scattering is a kind of elastic scattering, thus the frequency of Rayleigh scattering light with
Incident light is identical.Backward Rayleigh scattering light is a part of Rayleigh scattering light in optical fiber, because it to ambient temperature and is strained quick
Sense, has important application in sensory field of optic fibre.Extraneous vibration causes the variation of optical fiber axial direction length and refractive index, institute
To cause the variation of Rayleigh scattering light phase.Optical fiber sensing system based on the manufacture of this principle is phase-sensitive optical time domain
Reflectometer (φ-OTDR).
Optical fiber distributed type sound wave sensing (DAS) system refers in particular to the φ-OTDR of phase demodulating, can be to the frequency of external sound wave
Rate, amplitude and phase carry out real-time recovery.In recent years, due to coherent detection technology, chirped pulse modulation-demodulation technique and it is
The introducing of system noise reduction technology, DAS system refer in frequency response range, optical s/n ratio and strain resolution (sensitivity) etc.
Rapid development is put on.Since DAS technology only needs the single mode optical fiber without the processing of any micro-structure as sensing matchmaker
It is situated between, so its cost is substantially reduced relative to point type sensor-based system.In addition, since the sampling of DAS system spatially is continuous
, so there is no airspaces to detect blind spot for this technology in large-scale network-estabilishing.Therefore, DAS system is because of its highly sensitive, heatproof
The advantages such as pressure resistance, advantage of lower cost there has been in hydrocarbon exploration field and safety-security area and be widely applied.But it is existing
DAS system leads to not directly apply to marine information prison because sensitivity, Hz-KHz are unable to satisfy marine monitoring requirement
It surveys.
Specifically, sample rate of the DAS system for external sound wave are as follows:
Wherein, L is the length of testing fiber, and c is vacuum light speed, and n is the refractive index of fiber core.It can from formula (1)
Out, when the length of optical fiber is longer, optical fiber distributed type acoustic wave sensing system is narrower for the response bandwidth of external sound wave.Root
According to nyquist sampling theorem, when the length of testing fiber is greater than 10km, optical fiber distributed type acoustic wave sensing system can only be to 5kHz
Signal below is effectively responded；And this index is unable to satisfy the requirement that hydrophone monitors high-frequency signal.
In addition, being unable to satisfy requirement of the hydrophone for sound pressure sensitivity using the optical cable of general single mode fiber.For DAS
System, the variation of extraneous acoustic pressure cause the variation of gauge length (gauge length) interior light path of optical fiber.The acoustic pressure spirit of optical fiber
Sensitivity MpCalculation formula are as follows:
Wherein,For the phase of Rayleigh scattering light variation, ε is fibre strain caused by extraneous acoustic pressure, and E is fiber core
Young's modulus, μ be fiber core Poisson's ratio.It can find out from formula (2), the sound pressure sensitivity and DAS system optics of optical fiber
Signal-to-noise ratio is unrelated, only related with the gauge length of the material of optical fiber itself and DAS system.But because optical fiber is greater than 98%
Material be all silica, so its Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio have been very difficult to biggish change.In addition, if DAS system
For system with the optical fiber stretched as sensing media, gauge length is bigger, and spatial resolution is bigger, then it is lower to measure spatial accuracy.
For the existing DAS system with general single mode fiber as sensing media, sound pressure sensitivity grade is about -180 dB
Re rad/ μ Pa or so, much smaller than practical hydrophone system (sound pressure sensitivity grade is more than -150dB re rad/ μ Pa).
Therefore, the sound pressure sensitivity for increasing DAS system is also that DAS system is used as the difficult point that ocean hydrophone needs to overcome.
Feature and performance of the invention are described in further detail with reference to embodiments.
Embodiment 1
2 parts can be divided into Fig. 1 shows the superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber distribution hydrophone based on frequency division multiplexing, first
It is divided into the main body of distribution type fiber-optic hydrophone 201, another part is superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable 101.Distributed light
The main body of fine hydrophone 201 need to be placed on ship or bank, and superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable 101 need to pull or shallowly
It is embedded in underwater.
As shown in Fig. 2 (a) and Fig. 2 (b), the superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber distribution hydrophone of frequency division multiplexing can there are two types of
Application mode.Shown in the first application mode such as Fig. 2 (a), underwater acoustic transducer 102 issues the sound wave of specific wavelength, encounters target
After object, object is modulated sound wave.And after the flexible optical cable 101 based on superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber can perceive modulation
Acoustical signal, by that can be positioned to target object placing distribution type fiber-optic hydrophone 201 aboard ship, and perceive
Its movement properties.Shown in second of application mode such as Fig. 2 (b), certain geological movements can issue the sound of special wavelength in ocean
Wave, and the flexible optical cable 101 based on superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber can perceive such acoustical signal, by placing aboard ship
Distribution type fiber-optic hydrophone 201, which demodulates the amplitude of such sound wave and frequency, can judge corresponding geological movement.
Based on the distributed hydrophone of superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable, including sequentially connected distribution type fiber-optic water
Listen device 201 and superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable 101；
Superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable 101 includes central supported layer 802, p root multi-core optical fiber 804 and outer jacket
801, the every multi-core optical fiber 804 includes q root fibre core, and the p root multi-core optical fiber 804 isometric helix in the same direction is wrapped in center
On supporting layer 802；
Distribution type fiber-optic hydrophone 201 includes pulse modulation module 302, multiplexing module 303 and demultiplexing mould
Block 306 takes frequency division multiple while signal carries out space division multiplexing in the more multi-core optical fibers 804 to per time-derived channel all the way
With modulation and demodulation formula is as follows:
It is f that pulse modulation module 302, which circuits sequentially and modulates p × q group carrier frequency,1, f2..., fhShort pulse, it is adjacent
The interval time τ of pulse are as follows:
Wherein, h is intermediate frequency number used in frequency division multiplexing, and n is the refractive index of fibre core in multi-core optical fiber, and L is testing fiber
Length, c is vacuum light speed；
After signal is included the multiplexing module 303 of the road p × q output port, the repetition of each channel output pulse string
For c/2Ln, the time delay of the train of pulse of adjacency channel is 2Ln/ (pq-1) c；
Each pass in demultiplexing module 306 enters local oscillator light and carries out down coversion, and extraction carrier frequency is f1,
f2..., fhThe corresponding Rayleigh scattering light phase changing capacity of short pulse；If the intermediate frequency of the 1st tunnel output is f1Pulse extracted
The corresponding sampling instant of signal out is that the intermediate frequency of the road 0, Zek (k=1,2 ..., p × q) output is fi(i=1,2 ..., h)
The corresponding sampling instant of signal that is extracted of pulse are as follows:
To sum up, signal utilizes the progress spatial division multiplexing of distribution type fiber-optic hydrophone 201 in the more multi-core optical fibers 804 of the present embodiment
With while take frequency division multiplexing to per time-derived channel all the way, widened system for the highest response frequency of external sound wave, gram
The problem of frequency response duration is limited by sensing length in traditional fiber distribution acoustic wave sensing system is taken；It uses simultaneously
Superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable 101 promotes optical cable sensitivity, overcomes optical fiber distributed type acoustic wave sensing system frequency and rings
It answers that range is lower, the difficult point that water listens requirement grade is not achieved in sound pressure sensitivity, utilizes space division multiplexing and frequency division multiplexing and super
Strong bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable so that the sample rate of external sound wave is substantially improved in system, and make optical cable for
The sensitivity of acoustic pressure is significantly enhanced, and realizes the low cost distribution of high density, high sensitivity, a wide range of response bandwidth
Formula fiber-optic hydrophone system.
Embodiment 2
Based on embodiment 1, the superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable 101 of the application is refined；If superpower bending resistance multi-core optical
Include p root multi-core optical fiber in fine flexible optical cable 101, has q root fibre core in every multi-core optical fiber.
It is to have the case where 2 multi-core optical fibers in superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable 101 that Fig. 8, which is shown,.Fig. 8 (a) exhibition
The cross-sectional view of optical cable is shown；Fig. 8 (b) illustrates the vertical structure of optical cable.Every 803 (this reality of multi-core optical fiber in optical cable
It applies illustration two multi-core optical fibers 8041 of meaning and 8042) all (the present embodiment illustrates two hard-pressed bale casings 8031 using hard-pressed bale casing 803
With 8032) protected.Optical cable center is supported using central supported layer 802, and material is cylindrical flexible material.Optical cable
Use flexible material as oversheath 801；From Fig. 8 (b) as can be seen that the multi-core optical fiber protected using hard-pressed bale casing 803
8041 and 8042, it needs to be spirally wound in the same direction on central supported layer 802.Different multi-core optical fibers 804 is during the winding process not
It can be overlapped, and the prestressing force applied during the winding process is identical.In order to enable the sound pressure sensitivity of hydrophone system is higher, twine
Around screw pitch it is the smaller the better.
Fig. 9 is illustrated when multi-core optical fiber 804 has 9 fibre cores, the cross-sectional view of optical fiber.The arrangement of fibre core is in circle
Symmetrical structure, so that different fibre cores are consistent the response of external sound wave to the full extent.The distance between fibre core is no
Can be too small, to avoid the crosstalk generated between different fibre cores.But the distance between fibre core cannot be excessive, integrally needs to wrap up
In the covering of particular size.Therefore fibre core is approximately located i at the 1/2 of cladding radius, and circularly symmetric is evenly distributed on covering
Cross section on it is relatively appropriate.The transverse property of multi-core optical fiber shown in Fig. 9 can pass through the refractive index on optimization cross section of optic fibre
Structure realization, for example change clad doped particle and concentration etc., to guarantee that bending loss will not substantially increase after Optical Fiber Winding
Add.
Described p, q are the positive integer more than or equal to 2；The central supported layer 802 is using Young's modulus much smaller than more
The cylindrical flexible material of core fibre 804, the outer jacket 801 flexible material big using Young's modulus.
801 diameter of outer jacket is greater than twice of 802 diameter of central supported layer, and 802 diameter of central supported layer is big
In multi-core optical fiber diameter and be less than 0.1m, 803 diameter of hard-pressed bale casing is far smaller than the diameter of central supported layer 802, and
No more than 2mm, the spiral winding spacing is greater than the diameter for being arranged the multi-core optical fiber 804 of hard-pressed bale casing 803 and is less than center branch
The perimeter of layer 802 is supportted, the Young's modulus of the outer jacket 801 is greater than the Young's modulus of central supported layer 802.
Typically, central supported layer 802 uses PP plastics (typical-sample modulus for 0.89GPa), and oversheath 801 uses
Rubber (typical-sample modulus is 0.0078GPa).The diameter of PP plastics is 2cm, and the diameter of oversheath 801 is 6cm, is arranged tight
804 diameter of multi-core optical fiber of canning tube 803 is 1mm, is spirally wound on PP plastics, screw pitch 5cm.
To sum up, the flexible optical cable of the present embodiment uses flexible material to support as inside, so that the sensitivity of optical fiber improves；
Optical fiber is protected using hard-pressed bale casing simultaneously, optical fiber is allowed to perceive external sound wave vibration well；In addition, hard-pressed bale
Fiber spiral is wrapped in flexible support material, and unit measures can be longer by the optical fiber of external world's influence in length, so that unit
The phase changing capacity for measuring length accumulation is bigger, and the phase changing capacity accumulated in sensitivity and system gauge length is directly proportional, because
This spiral winding can make the sensitivity of optical cable be substantially improved.
Embodiment 3
Based on embodiment 1,201 system of distribution type fiber-optic hydrophone of combination space division multiplexing and the space division multiplexing of the application is refined
System, details are as follows:
The structure of the main body of distribution type fiber-optic hydrophone 201 is as shown in Figure 3.The system includes suitable with commercial single mode optical fiber
The laser 301 of secondary connection, pulse modulation module 302, multiplexing module 303, circulator unit 304, optical cable link block
305；3 ports of circulator unit 304 also successively connect demultiplexing module 306, photodetection mould with commercial single mode optical fiber
Block 307；The output end of photoelectric detection module 307 and sampling module 308 and signal analysis module 309 with electrical signal transmission line according to
Secondary connection.
The single-frequency laser that laser 301 issues high relevant low phase noise is input to pulse modulation module 302 and is modulated to spy
Then fixed pulse inputs multiplexing module 303 and carries out space division multiplexing, and is output to the road p × q output port；Circulator list
Space division multiplex signal is transported to optical cable link block 307 with p × q optical fiber circulator by member 304, so that signal input is dragged
It drags and is transmitted in type optical cable 101.The Rayleigh scattering signal that optical fiber in optical cable is perceived passes through optical cable link block 305
3 ports of circulator unit 304 are input to, demultiplexing module 306 is then inputted and is demultiplexed, recently enter photoelectricity
Detecting module is converted into electric signal, then sequentially inputs sampling module 308 and signal analysis module 309 carries out external sound wave letter
Number recovery.
As shown in figure 4, pulse modulation module 302 includes optical modulator 401 and image intensifer 402.Optical modulator 401, can
I/Q modulator can also be used using intensity modulator；If system frequency of use chirped pulse, I/Q modulator can only be used.
As shown in figure 5, multiplexing module 303 includes photo-coupler 501 and photoswitch 502.Photo-coupler 501 puts light
The pulsed light that big device 402 exports equably is divided into the road p × q, then inputs into the light possessed greater than the road p × q input/output port
Switch 502 carries out space division multiplexing.
As shown in fig. 6, circulator unit 304 includes p × q mutually independent optical fiber circulators 600.From photoswitch 502
The road the p × q signal of output is transported to port 2 by the port 1 of circulator unit 304, is then input to optical cable link block 305.
As shown in fig. 7, optical cable link block 305 includes that fan-in is fanned out to 701 and low damage connector 702, wherein fan-in is fanned out to
The low damage of the signal of 701 304 ports 2 of the road p × q circulator unit output is coupled in p root multi-core optical fiber 804, then by low
Damage connector 702 carries out low damage with the multi-core optical fiber 804 in superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable 101 and couples.System passes through
Low damage connector 702 connects optical cable, and low damage connector includes multi-fiber connector and connector protection device.
It is p × q root single-mode fiber jumper if demultiplexing module 306 if system does not use frequency multiplexing technique；
If system uses frequency multiplexing technique, demultiplexing module 306 if, needs to utilize local oscillator light to carry out using coherent detection
Down coversion.Specifically, be then local oscillator optical coupling is exported into 3 port of circulator with p × q single-mode optical-fibre coupler p ×
The road q signal, then input enters p × q photodiode in photoelectric detection module 307.
Finally, the road p × q electric signal sequentially inputs sampling module 308 and signal analysis module 309 carries out external sound wave signal
Recovery.
Pulse in the working condition of the modules of 201 main body of distribution type fiber-optic hydrophone and each space division multiplexing channel
Transmission the case where it is as follows:
When space division multiplexing lifting system is used only to extraneous acoustic response frequency in explanation first, the work feelings of modules
Condition.
If in superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable 101 including p root multi-core optical fiber, there is q root fine in every multi-core optical fiber
Core.
The single-frequency laser of high relevant low phase noise is modulated into short pulse train by pulse modulation module 302 by laser 301.
The carrier frequency of each pulse is without variation.The time interval τ of the adjacent pulse of outputTDMAre as follows:
Wherein, L is the length of testing fiber, and c is vacuum light speed, and n is the refractive index of fiber core.The input of these trains of pulse
It into multiplexing module 303, is modulated by photoswitch 502 therein, so that every time in 2nL/c all the way of space division multiplexing
Only one interior pulse is transmitted.In the i-th tunnel (1 < i < p × q) space division multiplexing channel, the initial time of pulse input with
The time interval of 1st tunnel input are as follows:
The pulse train that multiplexing module 303 exports inputs mutually independent into p × q in circulator unit 304
Then optical fiber circulator 600 is coupled to by optical cable link block 305 based on superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable 101.
The Rayleigh scattering light of multi-core optical fiber passes through a mutually independent optical fiber circulator 600 of p × q by optical cable link block 305
Port 2 is exported to port 3, is then input to demultiplexing module 306.
Since the system has only used space division multiplexing, and frequency division multiplexing is not used, so demultiplexing module is p × q
Root single-mode fiber jumper.That is, the Rayleigh scattering light that each channel of space division multiplexing receives directly inputs photoelectric conversion mould
P × q photodiode in block 307.
Electric signal obtained in photoelectric conversion module 307 passes through 308 entering signal analysis module 309 of sampling module, the i-th tunnel
The corresponding sampling instant of signal that the pulse of (i=1,2 ..., p × q) output is extracted are as follows:
Therefore, the sample rate of system external circle sound wave are as follows:
In contrast to common DAS system shown in formula (1) to the sample rate of external sound wave, improved using the system of space division multiplexing
P × q times.
Figure 10 is illustrated when there was only 19 core fibre in optical cable, the transmission situation of pulse in each core.Such case
Under, space division multiplexing channel 9 tunnel in total.9021-9029 respectively indicates 9 fibre cores of multi-core optical fiber.It can be seen from the figure that working as
When the pulse on the 1st tunnel passes output optical fibre, the 9th tunnel pulse just enters optical fiber.Therefore, DAS system is for external sound wave
Sample rate improve 8 times.
It is each when then illustrating system using space division multiplexing combination frequency division multiplexing lifting system to extraneous acoustic response frequency
The working condition of module.
Laser 301 exports high relevant narrow-linewidth single frequency laser to pulse modulation module 302.Pulse modulation module 302 according to
It is f that secondary circular modulating, which goes out p × q group carrier frequency,1, f2..., fhShort pulse, wherein h is intermediate frequency used in frequency division multiplexing
Number, the interval time τ of adjacent pulseTDM+FDMAre as follows:
Wherein, n is the refractive index of fibre core in multi-core optical fiber, and L is the length of testing fiber, and c is vacuum light speed.These pulses
Divided by multiplexing module 303 for the road p × q, it is f that each road, which only exports one group of carrier frequency,1, f2..., fhShort arteries and veins
Punching.If the time of the 1st road output port is 0s, the road Zek output port exports rising for a set of pulses (k=1,2 ..., p × q)
Begin the time are as follows:
The end of p × q optical fiber circulator 600 of the pulse exported from multiplexing module 303 Jing Guo circulator unit 304
Mouth 1 is input to port 2, is then coupled into superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable 101 by optical cable link block 305.It is more
Backward Rayleigh scattering light in core fibre, to port 3, then inputs demultiplexing mould by the output of port 2 of circulator 600
Block 306.
The local oscillator light that often all needs to introduce all the way in demultiplexing module 306 carries out down coversion, so that carrier frequency is f1,
f2,…,fhThe corresponding Rayleigh scattering light phase change of short pulse be extracted；After input signal analysis module (309),
The intermediate frequency of kth road (k=1,2 ..., p × q) output is fiThe signal that the pulse of (i=1,2 ..., h) is extracted is corresponding to be adopted
The sample moment are as follows:
It repeats the above steps, continuous sampling is carried out to extraneous acoustic signals.
Using space division multiplexing and Frequency Division Multiplexing system to the sample rate of external sound wave are as follows:
In contrast to common DAS system shown in formula (1) to the sample rate of external sound wave, improved using the system of space division multiplexing
P × q × h times.According to nyquist sampling theorem, the highest response frequency of the corresponding external sound wave of sample rate is pqhc/
4nL。
Figure 11 is illustrated when there was only 19 core fibre in optical cable, each when carrying out frequency division multiplexing with 2 intermediate-freuqncy signals
The transmission situation of pulse in root core.In this case, space division multiplexing channel 18 tunnel in total.9021-9029 respectively indicates multi-core optical
9 fine fibre cores.It can be seen from the figure that per there is the pulse of 2 different IFs to be transmitted all the way, and in same a period of time
It carves, each pulse will not overlap on spatial position.When the last one pulse when the 1st tunnel passes output optical fibre, the
18 first, tunnel pulses just enter optical fiber.Therefore, DAS system improves 17 times for the sample rate of external sound wave.
Above-mentioned two embodiment shows to have used the optical fiber distributed type acoustic wave sensing system of frequency division multiplexing combination space division multiplexing
Limitation of the length to the sample rate of external sound wave is broken, has been multiplied with the number of multiplexing, has made that it is suitable for water to listen system.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (8)
1. the distributed hydrophone based on superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable, it is characterised in that: including sequentially connected point
Cloth fibre optic hydrophone (201) and superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable (101)；
The superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable (101) includes central supported layer (802), p root multi-core optical fiber (804) and outer
Sheath (801), the every multi-core optical fiber (804) include q root fibre core, and isometric helix twines the p root multi-core optical fiber (804) in the same direction
It is wound on central supported layer (802)；
The distribution type fiber-optic hydrophone (201) includes pulse modulation module (302), multiplexing module (303) and multichannel solution
Multiplexing module (306) is adopted while signal carries out space division multiplexing in the more multi-core optical fibers (804) to per time-derived channel all the way
Frequency division multiplexing is taken, modulation and demodulation formula is as follows:
It is f that pulse modulation module (302), which circuits sequentially and modulates p × q group carrier frequency,1, f2..., fhShort pulse, adjacent arteries and veins
The interval time τ of punching are as follows:
Wherein, h is intermediate frequency number used in frequency division multiplexing, and n is the refractive index of fibre core in multi-core optical fiber, and L is the length of testing fiber
Degree, c is vacuum light speed；
After signal is included the multiplexing module (303) of the road p × q output port, the repetition of each channel output pulse string is
C/2Ln, the time delay of the train of pulse of adjacency channel are 2Ln/ (pq-1) c；
Each pass in demultiplexing module (306) enters local oscillator light and carries out down coversion, and extraction carrier frequency is f1, f2...,
fhThe corresponding Rayleigh scattering light phase changing capacity of short pulse；If the intermediate frequency of the 1st tunnel output is f1The signal that is extracted of pulse
Corresponding sampling instant is that the intermediate frequency of the road 0, Zek (k=1,2 ..., p × q) output is fiThe pulse institute of (i=1,2 ..., h)
The corresponding sampling instant of the signal extracted are as follows:
2. the distributed hydrophone according to claim 1 based on superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable, feature exist
In: described p, q are the positive integer more than or equal to 2, and the spiral winding spacing is greater than the multicore for being arranged hard-pressed bale casing (803)
2 times of the diameter of optical fiber (804) and the perimeter less than central supported layer (802).
3. the distributed hydrophone according to claim 1 based on superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable, feature exist
In: cylindrical flexible material of the central supported layer (802) using Young's modulus much smaller than multi-core optical fiber (804), it is described outer
Sheath (801) flexible material big using Young's modulus, the Young's modulus of the outer jacket (801) are greater than central supported layer
(802) Young's modulus.
4. the distributed hydrophone according to claim 2 based on superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable, feature exist
In: outer jacket (801) diameter is greater than twice of central supported layer (802) diameter, and central supported layer (802) diameter is big
In multi-core optical fiber diameter and be less than 0.1m, hard-pressed bale casing (803) diameter is far smaller than the straight of central supported layer (802)
Diameter, and it is no more than 2mm.
5. the distributed hydrophone according to claim 1 based on superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable, feature exist
In: the distribution type fiber-optic hydrophone (201) further includes laser (301), circulator unit (304) and optical cable link block
(305)；The laser (301), pulse modulation module (302), multiplexing module (303), circulator unit (304) and light
Cable link block (305) is sequentially connected with；3 ports of the circulator unit (304) are also sequentially connected demultiplexing module
(306), photoelectric detection module (307)；The output end of the photoelectric detection module (307) and sampling module (308) and signal point
Analysis module (309) is sequentially connected with electrical signal transmission line.
6. the distributed hydrophone according to claim 5 based on superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable, feature exist
In: the laser (301) uses high coherent mono frequency laser；The pulse modulation module (302) includes sequentially connected light
Modulator (401) and image intensifer (402).
7. the distributed hydrophone according to claim 5 based on superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable, feature exist
In: the multiplexing module (303) includes photo-coupler (501) and photoswitch (502), and photo-coupler (501) is light amplification
The pulsed light of device (402) output is equably divided into the road p × q, and then input possesses the light greater than the road p × q input/output port and opens
It closes (502) and carries out space division multiplexing；The circulator unit (304) includes p × q mutually independent optical fiber circulators, Cong Guangkai
The road the p × q signal for closing (502) output is transported to port 2 by the port 1 of circulator unit (304), is then input to optical cable connection
Module (305).
8. the distributed hydrophone according to claim 5 based on superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable, feature exist
In: the optical cable link block (305) includes that fan-in is fanned out to (701) and low damage connector (702), and the fan-in is fanned out to (701)
The low damage of pulsed light that the road p × q single mode optical fiber inputs is coupled in p root multi-core optical fiber (804), low damage connector is then passed through
(702) low damage is carried out with the multi-core optical fiber (804) in superpower bending resistance multi-core optical fiber flexible optical cable (101) to couple.
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