CN110449568B - Steel ladle composite bottom construction process - Google Patents
Steel ladle composite bottom construction process Download PDFInfo
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- CN110449568B CN110449568B CN201910799677.9A CN201910799677A CN110449568B CN 110449568 B CN110449568 B CN 110449568B CN 201910799677 A CN201910799677 A CN 201910799677A CN 110449568 B CN110449568 B CN 110449568B
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- ladle
- ladle bottom
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/005—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like with heating or cooling means
- B22D41/01—Heating means
- B22D41/015—Heating means with external heating, i.e. the heat source not being a part of the ladle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/02—Linings
- B22D41/023—Apparatus used for making or repairing linings
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a construction process of a steel ladle composite ladle bottom, which comprises the following specific construction process flows: cleaning a ladle bottom, pouring a permanent lining castable, performing primary maintenance, building a ladle bottom working layer brick, pouring a ladle bottom working layer castable, performing secondary maintenance and baking. According to the construction process of the composite ladle bottom of the steel ladle, the ladle bottom is divided into three layers, namely the first layer of permanent ladle bottom lining layer, the second layer of working layer aluminum-magnesium-carbon brick layer and the third layer of ladle bottom casting material layer, the first layer of permanent lining casting material can play a role in guaranteeing the safety of the ladle bottom and the heat insulation and preservation, the second layer of working layer brick of the ladle bottom guarantees the safety of the repaired ladle bottom, and the third layer of casting material of the ladle bottom protects the working brick of the ladle bottom.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel ladles for ferrous metallurgy, in particular to a construction process of a steel ladle composite ladle bottom.
Background
The steel metallurgy technology is developed rapidly, the smelting process is various and complex, the high-temperature and high-vacuum smelting is increased gradually, the use requirement on a container for bearing molten steel is higher and higher, the refining ladle is the container with the most harsh use condition in the molten steel refining process, the application amount of special refractory materials in the ladle is larger, the refractory materials are various in configuration, and the problem that the service lives of the refractory materials are matched with each other becomes the key of the whole service life of the ladle when the refractory materials play different smelting functions;
the steel ladle is generally subjected to cold repair for 4-6 times in one service period due to different service lives of the refractory materials at each part, the refractory material with lower service life is replaced in the cold repair process, the refractory material with serious erosion stripping is repaired, the bottom of the steel ladle bears the total weight of the refractory material and the molten steel, and is the key point of safe use of the steel ladle, the bottom of the steel ladle can be simply divided into a molten steel impact area and a non-impact area, the molten steel impact area is a molten steel grounding point when the molten steel is injected into the steel ladle, the gravity impact is larger, the molten steel impact area is the most serious part of the bottom erosion, and the non-impact area is not impacted by the gravity of the molten steel and is eroded slowly;
the cold repair cycle of domestic steel ladles is about once for 30-50 furnaces, the refractory material in the molten steel impact area of a ladle bottom needs to be replaced or repaired every time for cold repair, the refractory material in the non-impact area needs to be replaced or repaired once for two or three times of cold repair, the repair cost is high if all the bricks or the bottom materials of the ladle bottom are replaced, the refractory material is wasted, if part of the bricks or the bottom materials are replaced, the labor intensity for dismantling the refractory material is high, the workload is large, the safety of the ladle bottom after excavation and repair is difficult to guarantee, the time of maintenance nodes is asynchronous, the maintenance areas are different, and how to safely, simply and conveniently replace or repair the refractory material is saved is just the problem solved by the invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a construction process for a composite ladle bottom of a steel ladle, which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a construction process of a steel ladle composite ladle bottom comprises the following specific construction process flows;
(1) and cleaning the bottom of the steel ladle: cleaning the bottom of the steel ladle, and removing impurities and dust on the bottom of the steel ladle;
(2) and pouring permanent lining castable: placing the permanent lining castable in a stirrer, adding water, stirring, uniformly distributing the material on the bottom of a ladle after discharging, and vibrating a slurry body by using a vibrating rod to exhaust gas to form the ladle attached with a layer of permanent lining castable;
(3) and maintaining for the first time: standing the ladle attached with the layer of permanent lining casting material for 8 hours at normal temperature to solidify the permanent lining casting material;
(4) building a bottom working layer brick: building an alumina-magnesia carbon brick of a ladle bottom working layer on the surface of the solidified permanent lining castable by using fire clay, and filling the corner gaps with a ladle corundum castable;
(5) pouring a ladle bottom working layer castable: placing the ladle bottom working layer pouring material in a stirrer, adding water, stirring, uniformly distributing the material on the surface of the ladle bottom working layer alumina-magnesia carbon brick after discharging, and vibrating the slurry body by using a vibrating rod to exhaust, so that a layer of ladle bottom working layer pouring material is attached to the surface of the ladle bottom working layer alumina-magnesia carbon brick;
(6) and secondary curing: standing the ladle in the step (5) for 8 hours at normal temperature;
(7) and baking: and (4) baking the ladle formed in the step (6) according to a composite ladle bottom ladle baking process.
Preferably, the density of the permanent lining castable in the step (2) after being treated at 110 ℃ for 24 hours is 2.6-3.0g/cm3The water adding ratio of the permanent lining castable in the step (2) is 5% -7%, and the stirring time of the stirrer in the step (2) is 3-5 minutes.
Preferably, the compressive strength of the ladle bottom permanent lining casting material solidified in the step (4) is more than 25 Mpa.
Preferably, the bottom working layer alumina-magnesia carbon brick is wrapped in the step (4), and the alumina content in the bottom working layer alumina-magnesia carbon brick is more than 80%.
Preferably, the compressive strength of the bottom-coated working layer magnesia-alumina-carbon brick in the step (4) after treatment at 200 ℃ for 16h is more than 50 MPa.
Preferably, the material of the castable of the corundum of the steel ladle in the step (4) is the same as that of the castable of the working layer of the ladle bottom.
Preferably, the fire clay used for building the alumina-magnesia carbon bricks of the ladle bottom working layer in the step (4) is ladle general fire clay.
Preferably, the compressive strength of the castable of the ladle bottom working layer in the step (5) is more than 35 Mpa.
Preferably, the baking process flow of the composite ladle bottom ladle in the step (7) is as follows: baking for 12 hours with soft fire, wherein the baking temperature t1 of the ladle bottom is not more than 110 ℃; baking for 12 hours with medium fire, wherein the baking temperature t2 of the ladle bottom is not more than 400 ℃; baking for 12 hours with big fire, wherein the baking temperature t3 of the ladle bottom is more than or equal to 1000 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the construction process of the steel ladle composite ladle bottom, the ladle bottom is divided into three layers: the first layer and the second layer are divided, so that the safety and the heat insulation effect of the ladle bottom are both considered; secondly, the second layer and the third layer are divided, the unpacking labor intensity when the ladle bottom refractory material is replaced is greatly reduced, the third layer is a consumed working layer, the third layer castable is not corroded or is just corroded during each cold repair of the ladle, the unpacking work can be completed only by using a unpacking machine to slightly touch a sintering layer poured by the ladle bottom, the refractory material replacement amount is reduced while the working layer is divided, the ladle bottom repairing efficiency is improved, only the ladle bottom needs to be repaired each time, ladle bottom bricks do not need to be dug and repaired, refractory material resources are remarkably saved, and the cost is reduced by more than 30%; finally, the third layer uses the ladle bottom castable, the impact zone built by laying bricks at the bottom of the whole second layer, three smooth transitions of the transition zone and the non-impact zone are integrated, so that the ladle bottom is of a smooth convex type with high impact zone and low non-impact zone, and meanwhile, the castable covers the whole ladle bottom, the consequence that steel clamping is caused by infiltration of molten steel due to overlarge gaps at the bottom of the brick-built ladle is avoided, the third layer working layer castable is well adhered to the ladle bottom bricks to protect the ladle bottom bricks, and the use safety of the ladle bottom is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a construction process of a composite ladle bottom of a steel ladle.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Comparative example:
the ladle bottom of a 300-ton ladle in an H steel plant adopts an alumina-magnesia carbon brick masonry mode, and the situation that molten steel leaks to the permanent layer part of the ladle bottom often occurs in the later period of the ladle bottom use, so that potential safety hazards exist;
after the ladle bottom is changed into an integral casting mode, the leakage of molten steel is avoided, but the ladle bottom is difficult to repair and unpack;
when unpacking, the whole ladle bottom castable falls off, which causes the waste of refractory materials.
Example (b):
a construction process for a steel ladle composite ladle bottom comprises the following specific construction process flows:
(1) and cleaning the bottom of the steel ladle: cleaning the bottom of the steel ladle, and removing impurities and dust on the bottom of the steel ladle;
(2) and pouring permanent lining castable: putting the permanent lining castable into a stirrer, adding water for stirring, wherein the water addition accounts for 5.8%, the stirring time is 4 minutes, uniformly distributing the material on the ladle bottom of the ladle after discharging, and vibrating a material body by using a vibrating rod to exhaust gas so that the thickness of the castable on the permanent layer of the ladle bottom is 120 mm;
(3) and maintaining for the first time: standing the ladle attached with the layer of permanent lining castable for 8 hours at normal temperature to solidify the permanent lining castable;
(4) building a bottom working layer brick: the alumina-magnesia carbon bricks of the ladle bottom working layer are built by using fire clay on the surface of the solidified ladle bottom permanent lining castable, the corner gaps are filled with ladle corundum castable, and the size of the alumina-magnesia carbon bricks in the impact area is as follows: length, width, thickness 350mm 150mm 100mm, and the size of the alumina-magnesia carbon brick in the transition area is as follows: length, width, thickness 300mm 150mm 100mm, non-impact area magnesia carbon brick size: length, width, thickness, 250mm, 150mm, 100 mm;
(5) pouring a ladle bottom working layer castable: placing the ladle bottom working layer castable into a stirrer, adding water for stirring, wherein the water addition accounts for 7%, the stirring time is 4 minutes, after discharging, uniformly distributing the materials on the surfaces of ladle bottom bricks in sequence according to the arrangement of an impact area, a transition area and a non-impact area of the ladle bottom bricks, and discharging the materials by using a vibrating body, wherein the thickness of the impact area of the ladle bottom working layer castable is 30mm, the thickness of the transition area is 50mm, and the thickness of the non-impact area is 70 mm;
(6) and secondary curing: standing the ladle in the step (5) for 8 hours at normal temperature;
(7) and baking: and (4) baking the ladle formed in the step (6) according to a composite ladle bottom ladle baking process.
The density of the permanent lining castable in the step (2) after being treated at 110 ℃ for 24 hours is 2.6-3.0g/cm3The water content of the permanent lining castable in the step (2) is 5-7%, and the stirring time of the stirrer in the step (2) is 3-5 minutes.
And (4) the compressive strength of the ladle bottom permanent lining castable solidified in the step (4) is more than 25 Mpa.
And (4) wrapping the bottom working layer of the alumina-magnesia carbon brick, wherein the alumina content in the bottom working layer of the alumina-magnesia carbon brick is more than 80%.
And (4) the magnesium-aluminum-carbon brick of the bottom-wrapped working layer in the step (4) has compressive strength of more than 50MPa after being treated at 200 ℃ for 16 h.
And (4) the material of the castable of the corundum of the ladle in the step (4) is the same as that of the castable of the working layer of the ladle bottom.
The fire clay used for building the ladle bottom working layer alumina-magnesia carbon bricks in the step (4) is ladle general fire clay.
And (5) the compressive strength of the castable of the ladle bottom working layer is more than 35 Mpa.
The baking process flow of the composite ladle bottom ladle in the step (7) is as follows: baking for 12 hours with soft fire, wherein the baking temperature t1 of the ladle bottom is not more than 110 ℃; baking for 12 hours with medium fire, wherein the baking temperature t2 of the ladle bottom is not more than 400 ℃; baking for 12 hours with big fire, wherein the baking temperature t3 of the ladle bottom is more than or equal to 1000 ℃.
After the process is applied to 300 tons of steel ladles in an H steel plant, the leakage of molten steel to the permanent layer part of the ladle bottom never occurs;
when the ladle is used in 25 furnaces, removing the ladle bottom sintering layer to repair 1 ton of ladle bottom castable, removing the ladle bottom sintering layer again to repair 2 tons of ladle bottom castable when the ladle is used in 50 furnaces, removing the castable to repair 4 tons of ladle bottom castable when the ladle is used in 75 furnaces, removing the ladle bottom sintering layer to repair 2 tons of ladle bottom castable when the ladle is used in 100 furnaces, removing the ladle bottom sintering layer to repair 2 tons of ladle bottom castable when the ladle is used in 125 furnaces, and replacing a second layer of ladle bottom bricks and a third layer of ladle bottom castable with 150 furnaces;
h, the service life of a steel ladle of a steel plant is 150 furnaces;
the service life of the third layer of bottom-coating castable is 25 furnaces, the service life of the second layer of bottom-coating standby working layer of aluminum-magnesium-carbon bricks is 150 furnaces, and the service life of the first layer of bottom-coating permanent layer castable is 600 furnaces;
the matching degree of the refractory material is extremely high, the use cost of the refractory material is greatly reduced, the times of dismantling bottom bricks by the steel ladle are reduced, and the cold repair efficiency of the bottom of the steel ladle is improved.
In the construction process of the steel ladle composite ladle bottom, the ladle bottom is divided into three layers:
the first layer is a ladle bottom permanent lining layer which can prevent molten steel from leaking and has the functions of heat insulation and heat preservation, and heat energy loss is reduced;
the second layer is a working layer aluminum magnesium carbon brick layer, the bottom-wrapping working layer aluminum magnesium carbon brick is used as a standby working layer, when the castable of the third layer bottom-wrapping working layer is consumed, the bottom-wrapping working layer is divided into an impact area brick, a transition area brick and a non-impact area brick, the lengths of the impact area brick, the transition area brick and the non-impact area brick are different by 50-100mm, and the bottom-wrapping aluminum magnesium carbon brick is tightly extruded together under the dual functions of high-temperature magnesium aluminum carbon brick expansion stress and fire clay hardening and reinforcing bonding.
And in the third layer, the ladle bottom castable is used as a working layer and directly bears the impact of molten steel and the erosion effect of steel slag. The pouring thickness of the ladle bottom working layer castable is poured according to the thickness distribution of an impact area, a transition area and a non-impact area of the ladle bottom alumina-magnesia carbon brick, and the difference between the thicknesses of the castable in the impact area, the transition area and the non-impact area is 100-200 mm. The ladle bottom working layer castable and the second ladle bottom magnesium aluminum carbon brick mainly depend on the high-temperature combination action of the castable and the crack pouring corundum material and the high-temperature expansion stress action of the refractory material, under the action of the two forms, the brick and the material, and the material can not be separated when being used at high temperature, and the use safety of the ladle is effectively ensured. When the ladle is in cold repair, the castable of the working layer is basically consumed, and the ladle bottom brick only erodes a certain thickness, so that only 1-2 tons of castable of the ladle bottom is needed to be added to repair the castable of the working layer when the ladle bottom working layer is in cold repair each time, the ladle bottom brick is eroded too little and is not repaired once, and one set of ladle bottom brick can meet the requirement of using the number of furnaces of one ladle service.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A construction process for a steel ladle composite ladle bottom comprises the following specific construction process flows:
step (1), cleaning the bottom of a steel ladle: cleaning the bottom of the steel ladle, and removing impurities and dust on the bottom of the steel ladle;
step (2), pouring the permanent lining castable: placing the permanent lining castable in a stirrer, adding water, stirring, uniformly distributing the material on the bottom of a ladle after discharging, and vibrating a slurry body by using a vibrating rod to exhaust gas to form the ladle attached with a layer of permanent lining castable;
step (3), primary maintenance: standing the ladle attached with the layer of permanent lining casting material for 8 hours at normal temperature to solidify the permanent lining casting material;
step (4), building the bottom working layer bricks of the ladle: building an alumina-magnesia carbon brick of a ladle bottom working layer on the surface of the solidified permanent lining castable by using fire clay, and filling the corner gaps with a ladle corundum castable;
step (5), pouring a ladle bottom working layer castable: placing the ladle bottom working layer pouring material in a stirrer, adding water, stirring, uniformly distributing the material on the surface of the ladle bottom working layer alumina-magnesia carbon brick after discharging, and vibrating the slurry body by using a vibrating rod to exhaust, so that a layer of ladle bottom working layer pouring material is attached to the surface of the ladle bottom working layer alumina-magnesia carbon brick;
step (6), secondary maintenance: standing the ladle in the step (5) for 8 hours at normal temperature;
step (7), baking: baking the steel ladle formed in the step (6) according to a composite ladle bottom baking process;
the bottom-wrapping working layer alumina-magnesia carbon brick is used as a standby working layer, when the castable of the third bottom-wrapping working layer is consumed, the bottom-wrapping working layer alumina-magnesia carbon brick is used as a working layer, the bottom-wrapping working layer alumina-magnesia carbon brick is divided into an impact area brick, a transition area brick and a non-impact area brick, and the lengths of the impact area brick, the transition area brick and the non-impact area brick are different by 50-100 mm;
the ladle bottom castable is used as a working layer and directly bears the impact of molten steel and the erosion action of steel slag, the pouring thickness of the ladle bottom working layer castable is poured according to the thickness distribution of an impact area, a transition area and a non-impact area of the ladle bottom working layer alumina-magnesia carbon brick, and the difference between the thicknesses of the castable in the impact area, the transition area and the non-impact area is 100-200 mm;
the ladle bottom working layer uses ladle bottom casting materials to smoothly transition and integrate three parts of an impact area, a transition area and a non-impact area built by the whole ladle bottom working layer alumina-magnesia carbon bricks, so that the ladle bottom is in a smooth convex shape with a high impact area and a low non-impact area.
2. The construction process of the steel ladle composite ladle bottom according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the density of the permanent lining castable in the step (2) after being treated at 110 ℃ for 24 hours is 2.6-3.0g/cm3The water adding ratio of the permanent lining castable in the step (2) is 5% -7%, and the stirring time of the stirrer in the step (2) is 3-5 minutes.
3. The construction process of the steel ladle composite ladle bottom according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and (4) the compressive strength of the ladle bottom permanent lining castable solidified in the step (4) is more than 25 Mpa.
4. The construction process of the steel ladle composite ladle bottom according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and (4) wrapping the bottom working layer of the alumina-magnesia carbon brick, wherein the alumina content in the bottom working layer of the alumina-magnesia carbon brick is more than 80%.
5. The construction process of the steel ladle composite ladle bottom according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and (4) the compressive strength of the bottom-wrapped working layer magnesia-alumina-carbon brick treated at 200 ℃ for 16h is more than 50 MPa.
6. The construction process of the steel ladle composite ladle bottom according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and (4) the material of the steel ladle corundum castable is the same as that of the ladle bottom working layer castable.
7. The construction process of the steel ladle composite ladle bottom according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the fire clay used for building the ladle bottom working layer alumina-magnesia carbon brick in the step (4) is ladle general fire clay.
8. The construction process of the steel ladle composite ladle bottom according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and (5) the compressive strength of the castable of the ladle bottom working layer is more than 35 Mpa.
9. The construction process of the steel ladle composite ladle bottom according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the baking process flow of the composite ladle bottom ladle in the step (7) is as follows: baking for 12 hours with soft fire, wherein the baking temperature t1 of the ladle bottom is not more than 110 ℃; baking for 12 hours with medium fire, wherein the baking temperature t2 of the ladle bottom is not more than 400 ℃; baking for 12 hours with big fire, wherein the baking temperature t3 of the ladle bottom is more than or equal to 1000 ℃.
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| JPH0671422A (en) * | 1992-08-27 | 1994-03-15 | Harima Ceramic Co Ltd | Method for lining bottom part in ladle |
| CN101683690B (en) * | 2008-09-26 | 2012-07-18 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing bottom of molten steel tank |
| US9095896B2 (en) * | 2008-11-03 | 2015-08-04 | Pyrotek, Inc. | Heated molten metal handling device |
| KR101175626B1 (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2012-08-21 | 현대제철 주식회사 | Ladle and construction method of refractories for ladle |
| CN102728828B (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2014-01-15 | 莱芜钢铁集团有限公司 | Ladle working liner and preparation method thereof |
| CN202845769U (en) * | 2012-11-22 | 2013-04-03 | 攀钢集团西昌钢钒有限公司 | Heat-preserving steel ladle lining and steel ladle |
| CN103464734A (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2013-12-25 | 海城市东和泰迪冶金炉材有限公司 | Safe steel ladle lining and building method thereof |
| CN104399959B (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2016-07-06 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | A kind of masonry construction that can improve ladle bottom life cycle |
| CN205888058U (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2017-01-18 | 郑州市瑞沃耐火材料有限公司 | Compound masonry construction of steel ladle lining |
| JP6742579B2 (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2020-08-19 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | How to build a molten metal container |
| CN108971471B (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2021-06-18 | 北京利尔高温材料股份有限公司 | Construction process for carbon-free steel ladle composite ladle bottom |
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| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information | ||
| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information |
Inventor after: Zhao Wei Inventor after: Liu Li Inventor after: Yan Hao Inventor after: Tong Xiaosong Inventor after: Geng Peng Inventor after: He Feng Inventor after: Wang Tuanshou Inventor after: Li Jian Inventor after: Zhang Sheng Inventor after: Ren Lin Inventor after: Zhao Xianhua Inventor before: Geng Peng Inventor before: Zhao Wei Inventor before: He Feng Inventor before: Wang Tuanshou Inventor before: Li Jian Inventor before: Zhang Sheng Inventor before: Ren Lin Inventor before: Zhao Xianhua Inventor before: Liu Li Inventor before: Yan Hao |