Mechanical translation gear type accurate seeding device
Technical Field
The invention relates to a seeding device, in particular to a mechanical translation gear type accurate seeding device.
Background
Chinese patent document No. CN208987276U, published as 2019, 6 and 18 discloses a mechanical translation type single-seed precise sowing device for special-shaped seeds, which has the following technical problems:
1) in the seed selection link, the sorting box is of a circular structure, the hole distribution efficiency is low, the space is not fully utilized, and the problem that the seed supply of the sorting box to the seed filling box is insufficient can occur; the selected seeds need to remove impurities such as sand, dust and the like in advance, so that the workload is increased;
2) in the link of seed filling and seed discharging, the upper cover plate and the lower bottom plate are reset completely by the reset spring, and the reliability is difficult to ensure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a mechanical translation gear type precision seeding device;
in the seed selection link: the sorting box is of a square structure, the distribution density of the holes is increased, the space is fully utilized, and the problem that the seeds are not sufficiently supplied to the seed filling box by the sorting box is solved; the funnel, the fan, the conveying pipe and the sorting box are matched for use, and the seed cleaning and selecting operation can be completed at one time so as to obtain seeds meeting the seeding requirement. After seeds are fed, the seeds are cleaned by air flow, light impurities such as dust and the like are removed, the light impurities flow into a sorting box through a conveying pipe, the seeds with the size suitable for the size of a seed filling box hole are selected and fall into a seed filling box, the use performance of the mechanism can be greatly improved through the cleaned and sorted seeds, and the phenomenon of shutdown treatment caused by impurity blockage is avoided;
in the seed-filling and seed-discharging connection link: the cam mechanism is abandoned, the problem that the mechanism is unreliable due to the use of a return spring is avoided, the gear and rack structure is adopted to control the connection of seed filling and seed unloading, the whole course of the stroke of the upper cover plate and the lower bottom plate is controlled, the structure is more reliable, two gears are mutually matched to complete opposite strokes, and the structural design is ingenious.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a mechanical translation gear type precision seeding device comprises a seed selection mechanism, a seed filling mechanism and a seed filling-discharging mechanism; the seed selection mechanism comprises a seed cleaning component and a seed selection component; the funnel 1 of the seed cleaning component is arranged on the seed cleaning frame 5, the bottom of the funnel is provided with a guide groove, the seeding amount adjusting plate 2 is arranged in the guide groove, the fan 3 is arranged below the seeding amount adjusting plate 2, one end of the conveying pipe 6 is connected with the air outlet of the fan 3, and the other end of the conveying pipe extends to the upper part of the sorting component; the sorting component comprises a plurality of layers of stacked sorting boxes, and the sorting box at the bottommost layer is arranged above the seed filling mechanism; the seed filling-discharging mechanism comprises a small motor 22 which is fixedly arranged, a power output shaft of the small motor 22 is horizontal, a lower engaging gear 29 and an upper engaging gear 25 are arranged on the power output shaft, the upper engaging gear 25 is engaged with an upper rack frame 24, and the lower engaging gear 29 is engaged with a lower rack frame 28; the upper rack frame 24 is fixedly connected with an upper cover plate 26, and the lower rack frame 28 is fixedly connected with a lower bottom plate 27; the upper engaging gear 25 and the lower engaging gear 29 are both non-full-tooth gears; the small motor 22 drives the upper cover plate 26 and the lower base plate 27 to reciprocate through the two rack frames respectively as follows: when the upper engaging gear 25 is engaged with the upper rack frame 24, the lower engaging gear 29 is engaged with the upper gear of the lower rack frame 28, and at this time, the upper rack frame 24 drives the upper cover plate 26 to open the door, and the lower rack frame 28 drives the lower bottom plate 27 to close the door; when the gear teeth on the upper and lower engaging gears are not engaged with the upper and lower rack frames, the upper cover plate 26 and the lower base plate 27 are kept relatively stationary; the small motor 22 drives the upper engaging gear 25 and the lower engaging gear 29 to rotate after being started, when the upper engaging gear 25 is meshed with the upper gear teeth of the upper rack frame 24, the lower engaging gear 29 is meshed with the lower gear teeth of the lower rack frame 28, at the moment, the upper rack frame 24 drives the upper cover plate to close the door, and the lower rack frame 28 drives the lower bottom plate 27 to open the door; this is a seed-fill-unload cycle.
Preferably, the seed filling mechanism comprises a driving motor 15, an output shaft of the driving motor 15 is coaxially connected with a first gear 14, the first gear 14 is meshed with a second gear 13, and an eccentric part of the second gear 13 is fixedly connected with the support frame 11 through a support bearing 20; the support frame 11 is fixedly connected with the seed filling box 10.
Further, the eccentric support 12 supports the support frame 11 at four points; the frame bearing 21 is fixedly connected with the frame, and the main shaft of the eccentric support 12 and the frame complete rotary motion through the frame bearing 21; the supporting bearing 20 is fixedly connected with the supporting frame 11, and the eccentric shaft of the eccentric support 12 and the supporting frame 11 complete rotary motion through the supporting bearing 20; the support frame is fixedly connected with the seed filling box.
Preferably, the sorting boxes stacked in a plurality of layers are all in a rectangular structure.
Preferably, the seed selection mechanism comprises a first-stage separation box 7, a second-stage separation box 8 and a third-stage separation box 9, wherein the screening fineness of the first-stage separation box is gradually reduced; the size of the 7 holes of the primary sorting box type is the same as that of the seed filling box type holes, the size of the 8-shaped holes of the secondary sorting box type is smaller than that of the seed filling box type holes, and the third sorting box type 9 is not provided with holes; the secondary sorting box 8 is communicated with the sorting box.
Preferably, a baffle 4 is arranged between the funnel 1 and the delivery pipe 6.
Preferably, the upper cover plate 26 and the lower base plate 27 are respectively arranged in a horizontal sliding groove at the bottom of the seed filling box and slide along the respective horizontal sliding groove.
Preferably, a seed dropping platform 17 is arranged at the lower part of the seed filling box 10, and a plug tray 19 is arranged at the lower part of the seed dropping platform 17.
Preferably, for the low-density sowed seeds, the seed filling box 10 is not provided with a seed dropping platform at the lower part, and is directly provided with a plug tray 19.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) in the seed selection link, the sorting box is of a square structure, the distribution density of the holes is increased, the space is fully utilized, and the problem that the seed supply of the sorting box to the seed filling box is insufficient is avoided; the funnel, the fan, the conveying pipe and the sorting box are matched for use, and the seed cleaning and selecting operation can be completed at one time so as to obtain seeds meeting the seeding requirement. After seeds are fed, cleaning is carried out through air flow, light impurities such as dust and the like are removed, the seeds flow into a sorting box through a conveying pipe, the seeds with the size suitable for the size of a seed filling box hole are selected and fall into a seed filling box, and the seed filling work is finished; the fan parameters are changed, and different sorting box type hole sizes are changed, so that the method can adapt to different seeds and different requirements for seed cleaning and seed selection; the use performance of the mechanism can be greatly improved by the cleaned and sorted seeds, and the phenomenon of shutdown treatment caused by impurity blockage is avoided; a baffle is arranged between the hopper and the conveying pipe, so that impurities generated in the seed cleaning link can be prevented from falling into the sorting box and the seed filling box; the lower part of the funnel is provided with a seeding quantity adjusting plate which can adjust the seeding quantity according to different seed sowing requirements;
2) in the link of seed filling and seed discharging, the cam mechanism is abandoned, the problem of unreliable mechanism caused by the use of a return spring is avoided, the gear and rack structure is adopted to control the connection of seed filling and seed discharging, the whole process of the stroke of the upper cover plate and the lower bottom plate is controlled, the structure is more reliable, two gears are mutually matched to complete opposite strokes, and the structural design is ingenious.
3) In the seed dropping link, aiming at seeds with larger hole size or needing low-density seeding, such as vegetable seeds, and the like, the second embodiment is selected, the eccentric support with smaller eccentricity is selected to complete the low-amplitude high-frequency seed charging process, after the seeds fall into the sieve holes of the lower bottom plate, the seeds are in compound motion in the projection range of the hole size all the time, when the upper cover plate is closed, the lower bottom plate is opened, the seeds fall into the hole freely, and the seeding process is completed; reciprocating linear motion of door opening and closing mechanisms of upper and lower bottom plates of the seed charging box; the second embodiment discards a seed dropping platform and a seed dropping rack structure, saves materials, reduces the installation difficulty, has a hole plate closer to the lower bottom plate, reduces the uncontrolled stroke of seeds, and avoids the seeds from flying out of the hole range due to too long initial speed and free falling body distance; the second embodiment also greatly shortens the distance between the hole tray and the lower bottom plate, so that the whole structure is more compact.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a left side view of the mechanical translation gear type precision seeding device of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the mechanical translation gear type precision seeding device of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of the mechanical translation gear type precision seeding device of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the mechanical translation gear type precision seeding device of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a partially enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a partially enlarged view of a portion B in fig. 4.
Fig. 7 is a left side view of a mechanical translation gear type precision seeding device in another embodiment of the invention.
In the figure, as shown in the figure, 1 is a funnel, 2 is a seeding adjusting plate, 3 is a fan, 4 is a baffle, 5 is a seed cleaning frame, 6 is a conveying pipe, 7 is a first-stage sorting box, 8 is a second-stage sorting box, 9 is a third-stage sorting box, 10 is a seed filling box, 11 is a support frame, 12 is an eccentric support, 13 is a second gear, 14 is a first gear, 15 is a driving motor, 16 is a frame, 17 is a seed dropping platform, 18 is a seed dropping platform, 19 is a plug tray, 20 is a support bearing, 21 is a frame bearing, 22 is a small motor, 23 is a small motor mounting plate, 24 is an upper rack frame, 25 is an upper connecting gear, 26 is an upper cover plate, 27 is a lower bottom plate, 28 is a lower rack frame, and 29 is a lower connecting gear.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the seed selection mechanism part:
referring to fig. 1-4, the hopper 1 is mounted on a seed cleaning frame 5; the bottom end of the funnel 1 is provided with a guide groove, and the seeding quantity adjusting plate 2 is arranged in the guide groove at the bottom end of the funnel 1; the fan 3 is arranged on the seed cleaning frame 5; the baffle 4 is arranged on the seed cleaning frame 5; the conveying pipe 6 is arranged on the seed cleaning frame 5; the third-stage separation box 9 is arranged on the seed charging box 10; the secondary sorting box 8 is arranged on the tertiary sorting box 9; the primary separation box 7 is mounted on the secondary separation box 8.
The seed filling mechanism part:
referring to fig. 1, the driving motor 15 is mounted on the frame 16; the first gear 14 is arranged on the driving motor 15, the second gear 13 is arranged on the eccentric support 12 and is concentric with the main shaft of the eccentric support 12, and the first gear 14 and the second gear 13 form a gear pair for transmitting power to the eccentric support 12 for the driving motor 15; the eccentric support 12 is mounted on the frame 16; the eccentric support 12 carries out four-point support on the support frame 11; the frame bearing 21 is fixedly connected with the frame 16, and the main shaft of the eccentric support 12 and the frame 16 complete rotary motion through the frame bearing 21; the supporting bearing 20 is fixedly connected with the supporting frame 11, and the eccentric shaft of the eccentric support 12 and the supporting frame 11 complete rotary motion through the supporting bearing 20; the support frame 11 is fixedly connected with the seed filling box 10;
the working process is as follows: the driving motor 15 is started, power is transmitted to the eccentric supports 12 through the meshing of the first gear 14 and the second gear 13, the four eccentric supports 12 rotate and drive the seed filling box 10 to do horizontal circular rotary motion through the support frame 11, meanwhile, the first-stage second-stage three-stage sorting box 7/8/9 does horizontal circular rotary motion at the same time, and seeds which accord with the size of a seed filling box type hole fall into the seed filling box to complete sorting work; the population performs plane rotation movement in the seed filling box, and seeds according with the size of the hole on the bottom of the seed filling box fall into the hole of the seed filling box to complete the seed filling work.
Seed filling-discharging mechanism part:
referring to fig. 1-4 and 6, and mainly to fig. 6, a small motor 22 is mounted on a small motor mounting plate 23, and the small motor mounting plate 23 is fixedly connected with a seed filling box 10; the upper rack frame 24 and the lower rack frame 28 are fixedly connected to the upper cover plate 26 and the lower base plate 27 respectively; the upper connecting gear 25 and the lower connecting gear 29 are arranged on the shaft of the small motor; the upper cover plate 26 and the lower base plate 27 are arranged in the guide groove at the bottom of the seed filling box. The upper cover plate 26 and the lower base plate 27 are both provided with a hole, and the process of seed filling and seed discharging is completed through the back and forth movement between the upper cover plate and the lower base plate, which is described in detail in CN208987276U cited in the background art and is not described in detail here.
The working process is as follows: the small motor 22 is started to drive the upper engaging gear 25 and the lower engaging gear 29 to rotate, when the upper engaging gear 25 is engaged with the upper gear teeth of the upper rack frame 24, the lower engaging gear 29 is engaged with the lower gear teeth of the lower rack frame 28, at the same time, the upper rack frame 24 drives the upper cover plate to close the door, the lower rack frame 28 drives the lower bottom plate 27 to open the door, when the gear teeth on the upper and lower engaging gears are not engaged with the upper and lower rack frames 28, the upper cover plate 26 and the lower bottom plate 27 are kept relatively static, when the upper engaging gear 25 is engaged with the lower gear teeth of the upper rack frame, the lower engaging gear 29 is engaged with the upper gear teeth of the lower rack frame 28, at the same time, the upper rack frame 24 drives the upper cover plate 26 to open the door, and the lower rack frame 28 drives the lower bottom plate 27 to close the door, which is a seed charging-discharging engagement period; in a connection period, when the upper cover plate 26 is opened, the lower bottom plate 27 is closed, seeds fall into the seed filling box-shaped holes, when the upper cover plate 26 is closed, the lower bottom plate 27 is opened, the seeds fall into the lower bottom plate-shaped holes and fall into the hole tray 19 from the inner pipeline of the seed falling platform 17, and the seeding process is completed.
The seed dropping mechanism part:
referring to fig. 1, the seed falling frame is fixed on the frame; the seed dropping platform 17 is fixed on the seed dropping frame, and pipelines in the seed dropping platform 17 respectively correspond to the lower base plate holes and the plug 19 plug holes one by one.
The working process is as follows: the seeds fall into the lower bottom plate type holes and fall to the hole tray 19 through the inner pipeline of the seed falling platform 17, and the seeding process is completed.
Example two:
the present embodiment is directed to seeds with larger hole size or low density sowing, such as vegetable seeds, and the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the seed falling frame and the seed falling platform are not arranged. Referring to fig. 7, a plug tray 19 is directly provided at the lower portion of the seed-filling box 10. Mainly aiming at low-density sowed seeds, such as vegetable seeds of cucumbers, tomatoes, hot peppers and the like, an eccentric support with a smaller eccentric distance is selected to finish a low-amplitude high-frequency seed filling process, after the seeds fall into a lower bottom plate sieve hole, compound motion is always performed in a projection range of a hole size, when an upper cover plate is closed, a lower bottom plate is opened, the seeds fall into the hole freely, and the sowing process is finished; as for the reciprocating linear motion of the door opening and closing mechanism of the upper and lower bottom plates of the seed charging box, reference can be made to the closest prior art cited in the background art.
The embodiment discards a seed dropping platform and a seed dropping rack structure, saves materials and reduces the installation difficulty; the distance between the hole tray and the lower bottom plate is short, so that the uncontrolled stroke of the seeds is reduced, and the seeds are prevented from flying out of the hole range due to the long initial speed and the long free falling distance; after the distance between the hole tray and the lower bottom plate is shortened, the whole structure is more compact.
The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The above two embodiments are the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications based on the above embodiments without departing from the general concept of the present invention, and such changes or modifications should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.