CN110444880B - Flexible ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna - Google Patents
Flexible ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN110444880B CN110444880B CN201910805467.6A CN201910805467A CN110444880B CN 110444880 B CN110444880 B CN 110444880B CN 201910805467 A CN201910805467 A CN 201910805467A CN 110444880 B CN110444880 B CN 110444880B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/273—Adaptation for carrying or wearing by persons or animals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
- H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
- H01Q9/285—Planar dipole
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Abstract
A flexible ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna belongs to the technical field of time domain ultra-wideband antennas. The invention provides a planar printed antenna on a flexible dielectric layer, which comprises an antenna floor, a radiation unit and a feed unit, wherein the radiation unit and the feed unit are arranged on the antenna floor; the surface of the conductive layer is etched to form a pair of mutually independent closed radiation gap rings, the closed radiation gap rings are crescent-shaped, and a pair of arc-shaped conductive coupling patches which are separated by the radiation gap rings are centrosymmetric to form an S-shaped double-arm helical dipole; the feed unit adopts a coplanar waveguide feed structure. The antenna design has the advantages that when the antenna is endowed with circular polarization radiation performance, the overall profile is extremely low, the process is simple, the cost is low, the antenna can be bent and is more portable, the antenna is wearable, and the antenna is suitable for ultra-wideband positioning technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of time domain ultra wide band antennas, and particularly relates to a flexible ultra wide band circularly polarized antenna.
Background
The ultra-wideband technology is a new communication technology which is greatly different from the traditional communication technology. It does not need to use a carrier wave in a conventional communication system, but transmits data by transmitting and receiving extremely narrow pulses having nanosecond or less, thereby having a bandwidth in the order of GHz. Compared with the traditional narrow-band system, the ultra-wide-band system has the advantages of strong penetrating power, low power consumption, good anti-multipath effect, high safety, low system complexity, capability of providing accurate positioning precision and the like. Therefore, the ultra-wideband technology can be applied to positioning, tracking and navigation of indoor stationary or moving objects and people, and can provide very accurate positioning precision.
The positioning principle of the ultra-wideband positioning technology is that a person carries a positioning tag, the positioning tag sends position data to a positioning base station, the positioning base station receives the data sent by the positioning tag and then sends the data to a server, and software on the server finally obtains real-time position information of the person after complex calculation. Therefore, in the ultra-wideband positioning technology, since the positioning tag needs to be carried by a person, the antenna is generally required to be wearable. On the other hand, personnel carry the positioning label and walk and can produce and rock, and for the stability of signal this moment, still can require this antenna to have circular polarization characteristic, this is because the circular polarization antenna compares traditional linear polarization can effectively restrain cloud and fog interference and multipath reflection, and the mobility is good, and the interference killing feature is strong.
The plane printing antenna has a simple structure, and is easy to realize the ultra wide band function, in recent years, the research of ultra wide band panel antennas is in a blowout situation, and various ultra wide band panel antennas are in endless numbers. At present, the research on ultra-wideband panel antennas at home and abroad mainly comprises the following two aspects: one is how to realize that the antenna is wearable, and the other is how to realize the circular polarization of the ultra-wideband antenna. The main methods adopted in the industry for solving the two problems are as follows: aiming at the first aspect, firstly, a very thin flexible material is adopted as a substrate, and secondly, the antenna is designed to be in a coplanar feed structure, otherwise, feeding cannot be realized on the very thin substrate, and technicians mostly adopt a coplanar waveguide feed structure during design, so most of the existing flexible ultra-wideband antennas are in a monopole form of coplanar waveguide feed. However, due to the existence of the metal ground, the monopole antenna has difficulty in radiating electromagnetic waves by the current parallel to the ground on the surface of the antenna, which inevitably increases the difficulty of designing the monopole antenna in a circular polarization mode when facing the design of the antenna in a circular polarization mode. In view of the second aspect, the industry mostly adopts the equiangular helical antenna with the classical design, the feeding position of the antenna is positioned in the center of the antenna, which undoubtedly increases the profile of the antenna, and in addition, an additional balun result is needed to realize balanced feeding in practice, so that the feeding aspect of the antenna of the type is a defect which cannot be ignored by technicians all the time, and further application of the antenna is limited. In summary, it can be seen that it is not easy for an ultra-wideband antenna to satisfy the circular polarization radiation characteristic and simultaneously realize the wearable characteristic, and how to combine the wearable characteristic and the circular polarization radiation characteristic of the ultra-wideband antenna becomes a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the design of the existing ultra-wideband circularly polarized wearable antenna, the invention provides the double-arm spiral dipole antenna which is formed by planar printing on the flexible dielectric layer and adopts coplanar waveguide feed, and the double-arm spiral dipole antenna can meet the requirements of portability, good toughness when deformation occurs and the like while realizing the circular polarization of the antenna.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a flexible ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna comprises an antenna floor, a radiation unit and a feed unit, wherein the radiation unit and the feed unit are arranged on the antenna floor; the surface of the conductive layer is etched to form a pair of mutually independent closed radiation gap rings, the shape of a single closed radiation gap ring is crescent, and a pair of conductive coupling patches formed by separating the radiation gap rings are centrosymmetric to form an S-shaped double-arm helical dipole; the feed unit adopts a coplanar waveguide feed structure.
Furthermore, the single closed radiation slit ring is formed by connecting the outer arc slit and the inner arc slit on two ends of the crescent.
Further, the arm length (i.e. the length of the radiation slot) of the double-arm helical dipole is one-half wavelength of the central frequency in the working frequency band, so that two radiation slots of the same arm can form equivalent magnetic currents in the same direction, and electromagnetic waves are radiated in the lateral radiation direction.
The two radiation gaps of each arm of the double-arm helical dipole are slightly different in length and are arranged near one-half wavelength of the central frequency in the working frequency band, so that two resonant frequencies are close to each other, and the broadband is realized.
Furthermore, the surface of the conductive layer is also etched to form a coplanar waveguide feed structure, two ends of the pair of conductive coupling patches, which are close to each other, are respectively connected with a gap of the coplanar waveguide feed structure, the conductive layers arranged between the gaps and outside the gaps are respectively connected with an inner conductor and an outer conductor of the feed end, and the feed end is used as a structure directly connected with the antenna and is integrated with the whole structure of the antenna, so that energy is directly transmitted to the antenna structure.
The feeding mode of the coplanar waveguide not only can enable the feeding structure to be coplanar with the antenna, but also is beneficial to realizing the flexible design of the antenna, and is matched with the structure of the antenna to realize feeding.
Further, the conductive layer is metal or conductive fabric.
The most outstanding innovation of the broadband circular polarization antenna is that the conformal of the coplanar waveguide and the slot antenna is utilized, the feed is skillfully realized, and meanwhile, the broadband circular polarization performance is realized and the antenna can be made into a flexible antenna.
The principle of the antenna for forming the circularly polarized beam provided by the invention is as follows:
the current excited by feed at one side of the radiation slot in the ultra-wideband antenna mainly flows along the edge of the radiation slot, and further excites the reverse current at the edge of the conductive coupling patch at the other side of the radiation slot, so that an electric field crossing the radiation slot and vertical to floors at two sides is formed on the surface of the radiation slot, which is equivalent to exciting longitudinal magnetic current on the surface of the slot. One arm of the antenna is crescent-shaped (or similar to C-shaped), the two arms form S-shaped together, and according to the current flow direction on the surface of the conductive coupling patch, reverse current can be formed at the symmetrical positions of the two arms, and meanwhile, homodromous magnetic current is formed, so that the whole antenna structure can excite homodromous S-shaped magnetic current. The arm length of the double-arm spiral dipole is designed to be one-half wavelength of the central frequency in the frequency band, so that magnetic current flows in a C-shaped semicircle in half period, the circular motion of the magnetic current source along with the period change is realized, and the circularly polarized electromagnetic wave is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a planar printed antenna on a flexible dielectric layer, wherein the antenna structure is designed into a coplanar waveguide feed double-arm helical dipole antenna, and the antenna design endows the antenna with circular polarization radiation performance, simultaneously has extremely low overall section, simple process, low cost, flexibility and portability, realizes the wearability of the antenna, and is suitable for the ultra-wideband positioning technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a flexible ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a flexible ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of surface currents on two sides of a radiation slot of a flexible ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an electric field at a radiation slot of a flexible ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of equivalent magnetic currents at a radiation gap of a flexible ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna provided by the invention;
in the figure: the antenna comprises an antenna floor 1, a conductive coupling patch 2, a radiation gap 3, a feed structure 4, an SMA joint 5, gap surface currents 6, a gap surface electric field 7, a gap surface equivalent magnetic current 8 and a flexible substrate 9.
Detailed Description
So that those skilled in the art can better understand the principle and the scheme of the present invention, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The teachings of the present invention are not limited to any particular embodiment nor represent the best embodiment, and general alternatives known to those skilled in the art are also encompassed within the scope of the present invention.
Example (b):
as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, this embodiment provides a planar printed antenna fabricated on a flexible substrate 9, the antenna structure is designed as a dual-arm helical dipole antenna fed by coplanar waveguide, the structure of the antenna of the present invention is simple, the antenna is etched only after being directly printed or front-side printed on the flexible substrate, and the flexible substrate can be made of a thin flexible material with a dielectric constant of 2-3; the surface of the antenna floor 1 is etched to form a pair of mutually independent closed radiation gap rings, and a pair of conductive coupling patches 2 separated by the radiation gaps are centrosymmetric to form a double-arm spiral dipole;
further, the conductive coupling patch of each arm of the two-arm helical dipole is designed to be "crescent-shaped" (or approximately "C"), that is, two gaps between the conductive coupling patch and the antenna floor 1 are also "crescent-shaped" (or "C"), and since two coupling parts (conductive coupling patches) form central symmetry, a radiating element similar to "S" is formed in space.
Furthermore, the surface of the conductive layer is etched to form a feed structure 4, two ends of the pair of conductive coupling patches 2 close to each other are respectively connected with the slot of the feed structure 4, and the antenna is connected with the SMA connector 5 through the feed structure 4 of the coplanar waveguide to realize feeding. Specifically, the conductive layers arranged between the gaps and outside the gaps are respectively connected with the inner conductor and the outer conductor of the SMA connector 5, and the SMA connector 5 is integrated with the integral structure of the antenna as a structure directly connected with the antenna, so that energy is directly transmitted to the antenna structure. The feeding mode of the coplanar waveguide not only can enable the feeding structure to be coplanar with the antenna, but also is beneficial to realizing the flexible design of the antenna, and is matched with the structure of the antenna to realize feeding.
In a specific embodiment, the length of the arc arm of each arm in the antenna, which is designed to be "crescent" (or similar to "C"), is one half wavelength of the center frequency in the frequency band, and the lengths of the two radiation slots of each arm are slightly different and are both arranged near one half wavelength of the center frequency in the operating frequency band, so that the two resonant frequencies are close to each other, and a broadband is realized.
As a specific implementation mode, the working frequency of the antenna is 3-5GHz, and the size of the whole antenna is calculated to be not more than 50 x 50mm2。
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of currents on two sides of a radiation slot of an antenna. Since the inner and outer conductors of the SMA joint 5 are connected to two sides of the slot of the feed structure 4, the feed end excites a circular current along the slot, and the direction of the circular current is shown by the arrow in fig. 3.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of electric field distribution on the surface of the antenna radiation slot, when a loop current flows around one side of the upper slot of one arm of the antenna, a reverse current is coupled to the conductive coupling patch 2 on the other side of the slot, and a transverse electric field is formed on the surface of the slot in a direction from the antenna floor 1 to the conductive coupling patch 2, where the transverse electric field is indicated by an arrow in fig. 4; when the current flows through the arm length of one-half wavelength, the current reversely flows through one side of the lower slot of the arm, and similarly, a transverse electric field which points from the conductive coupling patch 2 to the antenna floor 1 exists on the surface of the slot.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of equivalent magnetic current at the antenna radiation slot. According to the equivalence principle, the transverse electric field on the surface of the gap can be equivalently generated by longitudinal magnetic current flowing along the gap, and according to the uniqueness theorem, the electromagnetic wave in the space can also be regarded as the source, namely, the magnetic current source is generated. When the radiation source rotates over time, the electromagnetic waves in the space also rotate. Because each arm is half wavelength long, when the magnetic current points from the beginning-120 degrees to the end 60 degrees of the arm, a half period is used, namely, a complete circular motion is performed in one period, and therefore the side-emitting direction circular polarization radiation characteristic of the antenna is realized.
The working principle of the antenna of the invention is explained in detail below with reference to fig. 3 to 5:
when the energy is directly transmitted to the antenna floor through the feed structure, a circular flowing current is formed on the antenna floor from the middle metal of the floor to the two sides of the floor (as shown in fig. 2); the circular flowing current simultaneously excites the edge reverse current on the conductive coupling patch (antenna coupling part), and an electric field which is perpendicular to the antenna floor and the antenna coupling part and crosses the slot is formed on the slot surface (as shown in figure 3), namely tangential magnetic current is formed on the slot in a plane (as shown in figure 4). In order to ensure that two radiation gaps of the same arm can form equivalent magnetic current in the same direction and radiate electromagnetic waves in a lateral radiation direction, the equivalent length of the conductive coupling patch of each arm is designed to be about one-half wavelength of the central frequency in the working frequency band of the antenna. And as the feed power source excites the two arms to realize reverse (same-phase) currents, but the same-direction magnetic currents are actually formed, and the two same-direction magnetic currents continuously rotate along the S-shaped radiation gap, circularly polarized electromagnetic waves are formed in the space, namely, the circular polarization of the ultra-wideband antenna is realized.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a flexible ultra wide band circular polarized antenna, includes antenna floor and sets up radiating element and the feed unit on antenna floor, its characterized in that: the antenna floor comprises a flexible substrate and a conductive layer arranged on the top surface of the flexible substrate; the surface of the conductive layer is etched to form a pair of mutually independent closed radiation gap rings, the closed radiation gap rings are crescent-shaped, and a pair of arc-shaped conductive coupling patches which are separated by the radiation gap rings are centrosymmetric to form an S-shaped double-arm helical dipole; the feed unit adopts a coplanar waveguide feed structure;
the surface of the conductive layer is further etched to form a feed structure of the coplanar waveguide, two ends, close to each other, of the pair of arc-shaped conductive coupling patches are connected with a gap of the feed structure of the coplanar waveguide respectively, and the conductive layers arranged between the gaps and outside the gap are connected with an inner conductor and an outer conductor of the feed end respectively.
2. The flexible ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the single closed radiating slot loop is formed by connecting an outer arc slot and an inner arc slot at two ends of a crescent.
3. The flexible ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the double-arm helical dipole has an arm length of one-half wavelength of a center frequency within an operating band.
4. The flexible ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the conductive layer is a metal or a conductive fabric.
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| US11189936B2 (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2021-11-30 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Slot-fed dual horse shoe circularly-polarized broadband antenna |
| CN111490347A (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2020-08-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Ultra-wideband planar spiral antenna device based on integrated feed structure |
| CN111668601B (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2024-07-05 | 深圳市国质信网络通讯有限公司 | 5G full-frequency high-gain antenna |
| CN113437522B (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2024-08-16 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | Miniaturized broadband circularly polarized antenna with reflecting surface structure |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20060028388A1 (en) * | 2002-12-16 | 2006-02-09 | Schantz Hans G | Chiral polarization ultrawideband slot antenna |
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| US8957817B2 (en) * | 2011-06-06 | 2015-02-17 | University Of Dayton | Miniaturized and reconfigurable CPW square-ring slot antenna including ferroelectric BST varactors |
| CN105161847B (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2018-08-10 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Wide band high-gain circular polarized antenna |
| CN106848548B (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2023-05-16 | 南京信息职业技术学院 | Low profile multi-frequency planar helical slot antenna for energy harvesting |
| CN108963447A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-12-07 | 佛山市顺德区中山大学研究院 | A kind of wide seam co-planar waveguide circular polarized antenna of axe formula |
| CN109411874A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2019-03-01 | 北京宏诚创新科技有限公司 | A kind of passive ultra-high frequency and superfrequency label antenna |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060028388A1 (en) * | 2002-12-16 | 2006-02-09 | Schantz Hans G | Chiral polarization ultrawideband slot antenna |
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| Title |
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| Metamaterial-inspired circularly polarized slot dipole antenna fed by coplanar waveguide;Yen-Ju Lu等;《 Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation》;20121112;1-2 * |
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