CN110443844A - A kind of rock mass discontinuity Picking up geometry information method based on borehole image - Google Patents

A kind of rock mass discontinuity Picking up geometry information method based on borehole image Download PDF

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CN110443844A
CN110443844A CN201910552020.2A CN201910552020A CN110443844A CN 110443844 A CN110443844 A CN 110443844A CN 201910552020 A CN201910552020 A CN 201910552020A CN 110443844 A CN110443844 A CN 110443844A
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structural plane
edge
line
image
borehole image
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CN110443844B (en
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葛云峰
仇雅诗
钟鹏
张莉
曹天赐
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China University of Geosciences
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00Image analysis
    • G06T7/10Segmentation; Edge detection
    • G06T7/13Edge detection
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00Image analysis
    • G06T7/10Segmentation; Edge detection
    • G06T7/181Segmentation; Edge detection involving edge growing; involving edge linking
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00Image analysis
    • G06T7/40Analysis of texture
    • G06T7/41Analysis of texture based on statistical description of texture
    • G06T7/45Analysis of texture based on statistical description of texture using co-occurrence matrix computation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00Image analysis
    • G06T7/60Analysis of geometric attributes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/20Special algorithmic details
    • G06T2207/20021Dividing image into blocks, subimages or windows
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/30Subject of image; Context of image processing
    • G06T2207/30181Earth observation
    • G06T2207/30184Infrastructure

Abstract

The rock mass discontinuity Picking up geometry information method based on borehole image that the present invention provides a kind of, borehole image is obtained first, cutting preliminary treatment is carried out to image, structural plane region is determined by gray level co-occurrence matrixes again, edge detection is carried out to determining region, edge connection, edge fitting, the geological information of structural plane is finally calculated, it is computationally intensive that present invention improves the prior arts, and calculating speed is slow, it is fitted the problems such as not accurate enough, first fitting structural plane edge is proposed, then carries out the new approaches of structural plane parameter calculating, there is great practical value.

Description

A kind of rock mass discontinuity Picking up geometry information method based on borehole image
Technical field
The invention belongs to the structural plane field of measuring technique in engineering geological investigation field, and in particular to one kind is based on drill drawing The method of the rock mass discontinuity Picking up geometry information of picture.
Background technique
It is certain structural that the structural plane developed inside rock mass not only shows rock mass, while also directly affecting rock mass Mechanical characteristics and seepage flow characteristics.Due to the presence of structural plane, rock mass show apparent inhomogeneity, noncontinuity and it is each to The features such as anisotropic, structural plane all have strong influence to the property of rock mass various aspects.Therefore, how accurate quick obtaining rock mass The geological information in internal structure face is always the hot issue of geotechnical engineering Yu engineering geology area research.
The acquisition of rock mass discontinuity geological information can be divided into contact and non-contact measurement two major classes.Contact type measurement includes Current widely used scan line method and survey window method have professional standing and experience, the knot of acquisition due to being artificial directly measurement Structure face information is relatively accurate comprehensive and low in cost, but the disadvantage is that heavy workload, the duty cycle is long, human error is larger etc..Most Importantly, for rock mass inside not exposure in the structural plane on surface, contact type measurement can not.In recent years, with photoelectric measurement Technology rapid progress, and the contactless measurement of various new is developed, such as under-mine TV, photogrammetric and three-dimensional laser Scanning technique etc., the wherein not too many research achievement of this domain variability of under-mine TV measurement structure face.A kind of " borehole image knot How structure face automatic identification and parameter extracting method " (publication number: CN104915640A) be more detailed elaborates from drill drawing Structural plane is identified as in and accurately obtains the geological information of structural plane, and this method is sieved using stencil function matching characteristic point Optimal function is selected, can preferably identify structural surface information, but because this method needs are found most by repeatedly matching Major function, so calculating, the time is long, and anti-interference ability is also poor.Therefore, how quickly to identify structural plane and obtain accurately Structural plane geological information is that current borehole image obtains structural surface information urgent problem to be solved.
Summary of the invention
Presently, there are aiming at the problem that, the present invention provides a kind of, and the rock mass discontinuity geological information based on borehole image mentions The method taken keeps the acquisition of structural plane geological information more quick and accurate, and operation is realized also simpler.
The present invention solves its technical problem, the used rock mass discontinuity Picking up geometry information side based on borehole image Method comprises the following steps:
S1, borehole image is obtained;
S2, the borehole image of acquisition is cut, is cut into the subgraph that multiple suitable scan box are scanned;
S3, subgraph is scanned respectively by scan box, to orient structural plane location in each subgraph Domain;
S4, edge detection is carried out to the structural plane region extracted, detects the edge where structural plane;
S5, it is connected by the marginal point that edge linking algorithm will test out, obtains edge line;
S6, fitting edge line, obtain calculating parameter, to calculate the geological information of structural plane in each subgraph, wrap It includes:
Obtained edge line is fitted using following formula, so that it is determined that three parameter i out0, A and θ:
Wherein, i is pixel line number, and j is pixel columns, and N is every a line pixel sum, i0For sine curve center Line line number;
Then A and θ are brought into following formula, obtains structural plane tendency α, angle of inclination beta, to obtain the geometry letter of structural plane Breath:
Wherein, the resolution ratio of K borehole image depth direction, D are borehole image pore sizes.
Further, in the rock mass discontinuity Picking up geometry information method of the invention based on borehole image, step S3 Specifically comprise the following steps:
S31, the longitudinal width W for defining scan box, and set laterally wide with subgraph for the transverse width of scan box Degree is consistent;
S32, first gray scale that image in frame is obtained when scan box top edge is overlapped with subgraph the first row pixel Co-occurrence matrix, scan box move down line by line, and every mobile a line is obtained according to the gray level co-occurrence matrixes for obtaining image in a frame, until subgraph As scanned;Meanwhile contrast, energy after obtaining gray level co-occurrence matrixes, after calculating separately out each gray level co-occurrence matrixes Amount and consistency;
S33, the variation location structure face region according to contrast, energy and consistency.
Further, in the rock mass discontinuity Picking up geometry information method of the invention based on borehole image, step S33 Positioning principle are as follows:
As scan box moves down line by line, if not including structural plane, three parameters retinue base of image is not originally sent out in frame Changing, and when scan box lower end starts comprising structural plane, three parameters of calculating can just start to change, wherein contrast It is gradually increased, energy and consistency are gradually reduced, and when completely including structural plane in scan box, contrast reaches peak value, energy Reach the lowest point with consistency, when structural plane is gradually left in scan box upper end, contrast reduces therewith again, and energy and consistency are again It increases with it, restores initial state;To which structural plane institute is oriented in the position for starting to occur and finally occur according to structural plane Region.
Further, in the rock mass discontinuity Picking up geometry information method of the invention based on borehole image, Zong Xiangkuan Degree W is set as 70PIX 100PIX two values.
Further, in the rock mass discontinuity Picking up geometry information method of the invention based on borehole image, subgraph Size is M × N, and each parameter obtains the related value of M-W+1 retinue in contrast, energy and consistency.
Further, in the rock mass discontinuity Picking up geometry information method of the invention based on borehole image, step S4 In, the method for edge detection is to carry out edge detection using canny operator.
Further, in the rock mass discontinuity Picking up geometry information method of the invention based on borehole image, step S5 And in S6, if structural plane edge is obvious, computer software is used directly to be fitted with the edge line connected out;If structure Face edge is relatively fuzzy, and overall structure face region is relatively broken, then can select suitable side according to professional knowledge by manual screening Edge line carries out subsequent fitting, and the figure line fitted is made more to meet the shown structural plane edge out of image.
Further, in the rock mass discontinuity Picking up geometry information method of the invention based on borehole image, drill drawing As being after drilling, to be analyzed and obtained using borehole imaging during reconnoitring probing.
Implement the rock mass discontinuity Picking up geometry information method of the invention based on borehole image, has below beneficial to effect Fruit: it is computationally intensive that present invention improves the prior arts, and calculating speed is slow, is fitted the problems such as not accurate enough, proposes first fitting knot Structure face edge, then the new approaches of structural plane parameter calculating are carried out, there is great practical value.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples, in attached drawing:
Fig. 1 is the technical route of one embodiment of rock mass discontinuity Picking up geometry information method the present invention is based on borehole image Figure;
Fig. 2 is scan box schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is Canny operator edge detection effect picture;
Fig. 4 is edge connection effect figure;
Fig. 5 is manual edge line options figure;
Fig. 6 is structural plane edge fitting result figure;
Fig. 7 is structural plane parameter calculated result figure.
Specific embodiment
For a clearer understanding of the technical characteristics, objects and effects of the present invention, now control attached drawing is described in detail A specific embodiment of the invention.
With reference to Fig. 1, the rock mass discontinuity Picking up geometry information method based on borehole image of this implementation is comprised the following steps:
S1, borehole image is obtained.
The acquisition of borehole image needs during reconnoitring probing, after drilling, is obtained and is drilled using borehole imaging analyzer Image.The borehole imaging analyzer that the method for the present embodiment is related to is the SR-DCT that Wuhan Sinorock Technology Co., Ltd. develops (W) type multifunctional hole-drilling imaging analysis instrument.
S2, the borehole image of acquisition is cut, is cut into the subgraph that multiple suitable scan box are scanned, goes forward side by side Row sequence and number, with the identification and lookup of convenience file.When necessary, denoising can also be carried out to image, these belong to Technological means commonly used in the art, is no longer described in detail here.
S3, subgraph is scanned respectively by scan box, to orient structural plane location in each subgraph Domain.Step S3 specifically comprises the following steps:
S31, the longitudinal width W for defining scan box, and set laterally wide with subgraph for the transverse width of scan box Degree is consistent.Longitudinal width W answer it is moderate, it is too big or it is too small will affect positioning accuracy, longitudinal width W size and structural plane exist The width presented in subgraph is proportional, should be depending on subgraph situation.If structural plane curve amplitude difference is little, The size of scan box, can be according to tool when part-structure surface curve amplitude is larger can include that total surface curve is advisable The case where body structural plane, sets.And when image cannot include complete structure face in the scan box identified, then it can pass through hand Dynamic operation carrys out the size in correcting principle face region.The structural plane of analysis is needed in rock mass can be adjusted according to different actual conditions It is whole.For needing the atomic small structural plane of discrimination, the smaller scan box of longitudinal width W can also be set by system and be analyzed, but Can not be too small, the too small precision that will affect determining structural plane.And broken region complex for structural plane is also required to hand Dynamic adjustment keeps result more acurrate to extract complete area.According to hole structure surface development feature, in this implementation transverse width according to Subgraph width automatically determines (program meeting automatic identification subgraph width, then determine scan box transverse width), and for real Border with example set 70PIX and 100PIX two values for scan box longitudinal width, to meet actual demand, such as Fig. 2.
S32, first gray scale that image in frame is obtained when scan box top edge is overlapped with subgraph the first row pixel Co-occurrence matrix, scan box move down line by line, and every mobile a line is obtained according to the gray level co-occurrence matrixes for obtaining image in a frame, until subgraph As scanned;Meanwhile contrast, energy after obtaining gray level co-occurrence matrixes, after calculating separately out each gray level co-occurrence matrixes Amount and consistency.Assuming that subgraph size is M × N, in contrast, energy and consistency each parameter obtain M-W+1 with The related value of row, M and N are the positive integer greater than 1.
As scan box moves down line by line, if not including structural plane, three parameters retinue base of image is not originally sent out in frame Changing, and when scan box lower end starts comprising structural plane, three parameters of calculating can just start to change, wherein contrast It is gradually increased, energy and consistency are gradually reduced, and when completely including structural plane in scan box, contrast reaches peak value, energy Reach the lowest point with consistency, when structural plane is gradually left in scan box upper end, contrast reduces therewith again, and energy and consistency are again It increases with it, restores initial state;To which structural plane institute is oriented in the position for starting to occur and finally occur according to structural plane Region.Position i.e. by the corresponding scan box of line number where determining peak value or the lowest point where structural plane is when three ginsengs When the line number of number positioning is inconsistent, it is rounded using the average line number of three parameters as positioning line number.
S33, the variation location structure face region according to contrast, energy and consistency.After through the above steps, really Determine parameter peak and the lowest point, location structure face position and then scan box progress that structural plane is completely included to this Processing, scan box, that is, structural plane region at this time.Because being that first positioning is extracted, then is accurately calculated, so just reducing meter Calculation amount.If the scan box size of script is inadequate or excessive, then the size of adjustable scan box is preferably by structural plane It is all selected to carry out subsequent edges detection.
S4, edge detection is carried out to the structural plane region extracted, detects the edge where structural plane.Current energy It crosses and realizes that the operator of edge detection has very much, be respectively suitable for different characteristics of image, the present embodiment is compared by largely analysis, It was found that the detection effect of canny operator is best, canny operator is selected to carry out the edge detection of structural plane then, and for different Situation can also the different operator of flexible choice carry out edge detection, practice effect such as Fig. 3.
S5, it is connected by the marginal point that edge linking algorithm will test out, obtains edge line.If structural plane edge is bright It is aobvious, then use computer software directly to carry out subsequent fitting with the edge line connected out;It is whole to tie if structural plane edge is relatively fuzzy Structure face region is relatively broken, then suitable edge line can be selected to carry out subsequent fitting, made according to professional knowledge by manual screening The figure line fitted more meets the shown structural plane edge out of image.Cataclasitlc structure face edge such as Fig. 4, Fig. 5 institute is manually operated Show.
S6, fitting edge line, obtain calculating parameter, to calculate the geological information of structural plane in each subgraph, wrap It includes:
Obtained edge line is fitted using following formula, so that it is determined that three parameter i out0, A and θ:
Wherein, i is pixel line number, and j is pixel columns, and N is every a line pixel sum, i0For sine curve center Line line number, A, θ are the function of structural plane tendency α, angle of inclination beta respectively, as follows with structural plane transformational relation:
Wherein, the resolution ratio of K borehole image depth direction is in the present invention 3mm.D is borehole image pore size, In It is 91mm in the present invention.
Practical fitting effect is as shown in fig. 6, output result is as shown in Figure 7.
After each subgraph is processed, that is, the geological information of structural plane in each subgraph is obtained, it when necessary, can The geological information of multiple subgraphs is carried out split, a total data are formed.
The embodiment of the present invention is described with above attached drawing, but the invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific Embodiment, the above mentioned embodiment is only schematical, rather than restrictive, those skilled in the art Under the inspiration of the present invention, without breaking away from the scope protected by the purposes and claims of the present invention, it can also make very much Form, all of these belong to the protection of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of rock mass discontinuity Picking up geometry information method based on borehole image, which is characterized in that comprise the following steps:
S1, borehole image is obtained;
S2, the borehole image of acquisition is cut, is cut into the subgraph that multiple suitable scan box are scanned;
S3, subgraph is scanned respectively by scan box, to orient structural plane region in each subgraph;
S4, edge detection is carried out to the structural plane region extracted, detects the edge where structural plane;
S5, it is connected by the marginal point that edge linking algorithm will test out, obtains edge line;
S6, fitting edge line, obtain calculating parameter, to calculate the geological information of structural plane in each subgraph, comprising:
Obtained edge line is fitted using following formula, so that it is determined that three parameter i out0, A and θ:
Wherein, i is pixel line number, and j is pixel columns, and N is every a line pixel sum, i0For sine curve center line row Number;
Then A and θ are brought into following formula, obtains structural plane tendency α, angle of inclination beta, to obtain the geological information of structural plane:
Wherein, the resolution ratio of K borehole image depth direction, D are borehole image pore sizes.
2. the rock mass discontinuity Picking up geometry information method according to claim 1 based on borehole image, which is characterized in that Step S3 specifically comprises the following steps:
S31, the longitudinal width W for defining scan box, and the transverse width one with subgraph is set by the transverse width of scan box It causes;
S32, first gray scale symbiosis that image in frame is obtained when scan box top edge is overlapped with subgraph the first row pixel Matrix, scan box move down line by line, and every mobile a line is obtained according to the gray level co-occurrence matrixes for obtaining image in a frame, until subgraph is swept It retouches and finishes;Meanwhile after obtaining gray level co-occurrence matrixes, contrast, energy after calculating separately out each gray level co-occurrence matrixes and Consistency;
S33, the variation location structure face region according to contrast, energy and consistency.
3. the rock mass discontinuity Picking up geometry information method according to claim 2 based on borehole image, which is characterized in that The positioning principle of step S33 are as follows:
As scan box moves down line by line, if not including structural plane, three parameters retinue base of image does not originally become in frame Change, and when scan box lower end starts comprising structural plane, three parameters of calculating can just start to change, wherein contrast is gradually Increase, energy and consistency are gradually reduced, and when completely including structural plane in scan box, contrast reaches peak value, energy and one Cause property reaches the lowest point, and when structural plane is gradually left in scan box upper end, contrast reduces therewith again, energy and consistency and therewith Increase, restores initial state;To start to occur according to structural plane and finally where structural plane is oriented in the position that occurs Region.
4. the rock mass discontinuity Picking up geometry information method according to claim 2 based on borehole image, which is characterized in that Longitudinal width W is set as 70PIX 100PIX two values.
5. the rock mass discontinuity Picking up geometry information method according to claim 2 based on borehole image, which is characterized in that Subgraph size is M × N, and each parameter obtains the related value of M-W+1 retinue in contrast, energy and consistency.
6. the rock mass discontinuity Picking up geometry information method according to claim 1 based on borehole image, which is characterized in that In step S4, the method for edge detection is to carry out edge detection using canny operator.
7. the rock mass discontinuity Picking up geometry information method according to claim 1 based on borehole image, which is characterized in that In step S5 and S6, if structural plane edge is obvious, computer software is used directly to be fitted with the edge line connected out; If structural plane edge is relatively fuzzy, overall structure face region is relatively broken, then can be by manual screening, and according to professional knowledge, selection is closed Suitable edge line carries out subsequent fitting, and the figure line fitted is made more to meet the shown structural plane edge out of image.
8. the rock mass discontinuity Picking up geometry information method according to claim 1 based on borehole image, which is characterized in that Borehole image is after drilling, to be analyzed and obtained using borehole imaging during reconnoitring probing.
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