CN110441835B - Asymmetric reflector based on Babinet composite gradient phase metamaterial - Google Patents
Asymmetric reflector based on Babinet composite gradient phase metamaterial Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an asymmetric reflector based on a Babinet composite gradient phase metamaterial, belonging to the technical field of electromagnetic waves and electromagnetic metamaterials. The composite gradient phase metamaterial comprises an upper Babinet composite gradient phase metamaterial surface and a lower Babinet composite gradient phase metamaterial surface, wherein the Babinet composite metamaterial surface is a metamaterial with complementary structures of the upper layer and the lower layer, the upper layer is a metal nano strip gradient phase metamaterial surface, a structural unit is a gradient phase metal nano strip, the lower layer is a metal nano groove gradient phase metamaterial surface, the structural unit is a gradient phase metal nano groove, and a medium layer is arranged in the middle. The interaction between the circularly polarized incident light and the metamaterial surface can generate an abnormal refraction and reflection phenomenon, and the Babinet composite metamaterial can generate a strong asymmetric abnormal reflection phenomenon by reasonably regulating the thickness of the metal layer. The invention can realize the asymmetric reflection phenomenon of circularly polarized light with very strong contrast, has the advantages of high circular polarization conversion efficiency, obvious asymmetric reflection phenomenon, easy integration and the like, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an asymmetric reflector based on a Babinet composite gradient phase metamaterial, belonging to the technical field of electromagnetic waves and electromagnetic metamaterials.
Background
Polarization is an important property of electromagnetic waves and manipulating the polarization state of electromagnetic waves is crucial in photonics research. The application of this technique of controlling the polarization state of light is also quite widespread. The traditional method for obtaining linearly polarized light generally adopts a polarizing plate, a wave plate stack, a crystal (wave plate), a Nicole prism and the like, and elliptically polarized light needs to be obtained through a polarizer and the wave plate. The appearance of the metamaterial provides a brand new thought for regulating and controlling the polarization state of light, and in the aspect of polarization regulation and control based on the metamaterial, the chiral metamaterial with mirror symmetry lost in a plurality of metamaterials has the best performance, and is the metamaterial with the most application prospect. In addition, the gradient phase metamaterial can realize polarization regulation and abnormal refraction and reflection of the metamaterial light. Compared with linearly polarized light, the circularly polarized light can be used for researching information of chiral materials, optical phenomena such as optical vortex, spin-orbit coupling and the like can be realized, and the method can also be applied to the fields of biological pharmacy, biological sensing and the like, so that the polarization state of the circularly polarized light can be regulated and controlled by effectively utilizing the metamaterial, and the method has wider prospects.
In the research field of polarization regulation of a metamaterial, asymmetric transmission is an important application, and the meaning of the asymmetric transmission mainly means that when incident light in the same polarization state enters a metamaterial surface along the positive direction and the negative direction, the intensities of polarization conversion of transmitted light and reflected light are different. Therefore, when the reflection coefficients of the obtained super-structured planes are different under the condition of the same incident polarized light and different incident directions, the phenomenon is called as asymmetric reflection phenomenon. In 2006, Fedotov and the subject group members thereof designed a super-structured surface similar to a fish scale structure, the super-structured surface is a chiral super-structured surface, and the Fedotov researches the polarization transmission regulation and control capability of the super-structured surface on optical waves by utilizing the structure and unexpectedly discovers an asymmetric transmission phenomenon. Nowadays, the realization of polarization conversion and asymmetric transmission phenomena by using gradient phase metamaterial surfaces is a great hot spot in the research field of metamaterial, devices such as a polarization converter, an optical waveguide coupler and an electromagnetic tunable device can be designed by using a metamaterial with strong asymmetric transmission or reflection phenomena, and in some imaging systems, the metamaterial surface with asymmetric transmission characteristics plays a critical role.
In 2011, a novel V-shaped gradient super-structure surface is designed by the professor Capasso and the subject group members thereof, and different abnormal transmission phenomena can be generated by the V-shaped structure according to different arrangement modes. When the V-shaped structures are arranged periodically, the gradient phase super-structure surface can generate a strong polarization conversion effect on linearly polarized light, and the linearly polarized light can generate an abnormal refraction phenomenon through the super-structure surface; when the V-shaped structures are arranged in a scattering manner, the V-shaped gradient super-structure surface of the arrangement mode has a strong polarization regulation effect on circularly polarized light, and light beams penetrating through the super-structure surface can generate a light vortex phenomenon. The design mode of the V-shaped super-structure surface with the gradient phase provides a new idea for the subsequent super-structure surface structure design.
In 2016, Zhangieyi et al compositely superimpose double-layer V-shaped super-structure surfaces, wherein a periodic structure unit is formed by combining six V-shaped grooves with gradient phases and V-shaped strips, and the super-structure surfaces realize 36.5% of transmission cross polarization transmission efficiency of linearly polarized light in a visible light band and realize abnormal refraction and reflection of the linearly polarized light. However, the design does not relate to polarization state regulation of circularly polarized light, and does not show excellent asymmetric reflection phenomenon, and the circularly polarized light can be applied to the fields of biological pharmacy, biological sensing and the like, and can also realize optical phenomena such as optical vortex, spin-orbit coupling and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an asymmetric reflecting device based on Babinet composite gradient phase metamaterial for realizing asymmetric reflection of circularly polarized light with high contrast.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: the babinet composite gradient phase super-structure surface is a laminated structure, the upper layer is a metal nano strip gradient phase super-structure surface consisting of metal nano strips, the lower layer is a metal nano groove gradient phase super-structure surface consisting of metal nano grooves, the middle of the upper layer and the lower layer is a dielectric layer, and the metal nano strips and the metal nano grooves have the same structural parameters and spatial phase change rules and are mutually in positive and negative structures.
The invention also includes such structural features:
1. the metal nano-strips and the metal nano-grooves are in gradient change in space and are arranged in an array.
2. The metal nano-strip and the metal nano-groove are rectangular.
3. The metal nano-strip and the metal nano-groove are U-shaped.
4. The Babinet composite gradient phase super structure surface is made of gold or silver.
5. The dielectric layer is made of silicon dioxide material or magnesium fluoride material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention designs the super-structure surface by utilizing the multilayer structure, avoids the defect that the theoretical limit of the reflection cross polarization efficiency of the single-layer ultrathin super-structure is 25 percent, and effectively improves the polarization conversion efficiency of polarized light by regulating and controlling the thickness of the super-structure material metal layer. And the double-layer super-structure surface is easy to prepare, and the structure is regular, and the periodic structure conversion effect is stable. The surfaces of the double-layer gradient phase ultrastructure are of positive and negative structures, the surfaces of the upper layer and the lower layer of structures have differences, when the surfaces are incident along the positive direction and the negative direction respectively, the polarization conversion intensity of the same polarized light is different, the asymmetric reflection phenomenon is realized, the principle is simple, and the effect is stable. The material device has obvious polarization conversion effect on circularly polarized light. The circularly polarized light can be applied to the fields of biosensing, biopharmaceuticals and the like, can be used for researching information of chiral materials, and can realize optical characteristics such as optical vortex, free-track coupling, circular dichroism and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional view of a Babinet composite rectangular gradient phase metamaterial, wherein a is a front view, b is a top view, and c is a left view;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional view of a gradient phase nanostructure surface of a unit rectangular nano-strip, wherein a is a front view, b is a top view, and c is a left view;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional view of a gradient phase nanostructured surface of a unit rectangular nano-groove, wherein a is a front view, b is a top view, and c is a left view;
FIG. 4 is a graph of spatial phase variation of gradient structure elements;
FIG. 5 is a unit of Babinet composite rectangular gradient phase metamaterial;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of an embodiment of an asymmetric reflection system 1;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the asymmetric reflection effect of example 1, (a) is the reflection extinction ratio at the time of incidence on the rectangular-shaped nano-groove side, and (b) is the reflection extinction ratio at the time of incidence on the rectangular-shaped nano-strip side;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of an embodiment 2 of an asymmetric reflection system;
fig. 9 is a graph showing the asymmetric reflection effect of example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in the attached drawings, fig. 1 is a three-view of a babinet composite rectangular gradient phase metamaterial, 1 is a metamaterial unit structure, a is a front view, b is a top view, and c is a left view; FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional view of a gradient phase nanostructured surface of a unit rectangular nano strip, wherein a is a front view, b is a top view, c is a left view, 2 is a rectangular nano strip, a material is metal, and 3 is a dielectric layer; FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional view of the gradient phase nanostructure surface of the unit rectangular nano-groove, wherein a is a front view, b is a top view, c is a left view, 4 is a rectangular nano-groove hollowed out on a metal layer, and 5 is a metal layer; FIG. 4 shows the spatial phase change of the gradient structure unit, the rotation angle is θ, that is, the change rule between each metal nano-strip and each metal nano-groove is sequentially rotated by an angle θ, where θ is an acute angle; FIG. 5 is a Babinet composite rectangular gradient phase metamaterial unit, 6 is incident light, 7 is normal reflected light, 8 is normal transmitted light, 9 is abnormal reflected light, and 10 is abnormal transmitted light; FIG. 6 is an asymmetric reflection system embodiment 1, 11 is a rectangular-nanobelt gradient-phase nanostructured surface, 12 is a dielectric layer of embodiment one, 13 is a rectangular-nanobelt gradient-phase nanostructured surface, 14 is a light source, 15 is a receiving device, 16 is incident light, 17 is anomalous reflected light, 18 is a Babinet composite rectangular gradient-phase nanostructured surface; FIG. 7 is a graph showing the asymmetric reflection effect of example 1, (a) is the reflection extinction ratio at the time of incidence on the rectangular-shaped nano-groove side, and (b) is the reflection extinction ratio at the time of incidence on the rectangular-shaped nano-strip side; FIG. 8 is an asymmetric reflection system embodiment 2, 19 is a U-shaped nanobelt gradient phase metamaterial surface, 20 is a dielectric layer of embodiment two, 21 is a U-shaped nanochannel gradient phase metamaterial surface, 14 is a light source, 15 is a receiver device, 16 is incident light, 17 is anomalous reflected light, and 22 is a Babinet composite U-shaped gradient phase metamaterial surface; FIG. 9 is the asymmetric reflection effect of example 2Fruit diagram, R1Represents the reflection extinction ratio R when one side of the U-shaped metal groove is incident2The reflection extinction ratio is shown when the U-shaped metal strip side is incident.
The invention provides an asymmetric reflection device based on a Babinet composite gradient phase metamaterial. The babinet composite super-structure surface is mainly a super-structure material with complementary upper and lower layers of structures, the upper layer is a metal nano strip gradient phase super-structure surface, the structure unit is a gradient phase metal nano strip, the lower layer is a metal nano groove gradient phase super-structure surface, the structure unit is a gradient phase metal nano groove, and the middle layer is a dielectric layer. The multilayer structure can realize high circular polarization reflection cross polarization conversion efficiency in an optical band, inhibit reflection common polarization conversion efficiency, and realize asymmetric reflection of polarized light through the difference of the upper and lower layers of super-structure surfaces.
In a visible light wave band, the multilayer structure is utilized to realize the asymmetric abnormal reflection of circular polarization, the asymmetric factor of the intensity exceeds 40dB, and the strong asymmetric reflection factor of 40dB is generated by reasonably regulating and controlling the thickness of a Babinet composite super-structure surface metal layer. The working frequency band of the asymmetric reflection device is 200THz to 500 THz.
The invention can realize polarization conversion and abnormal refraction and reflection of the circularly polarized light. The upper layer and the lower layer of the metamaterial are Babinet composite gradient phase structures, the upper layer is a metal nano strip gradient phase metamaterial surface, and the lower layer is a metal nano groove gradient phase metamaterial surface. The super-structure surface is a periodic structure composed of gradient phase structures, the Babinet composite gradient phase super-structure surface is made of metal, a medium layer is arranged between the double-layer super-structure surfaces, and circularly polarized light vertically enters the super-structure surface. The structural units on the gradient phase super-structure surface are metal nano-strips and metal nano-grooves with space phase gradient change, and the structural parameters and the space phase change rules of the metal nano-strips and the metal nano-grooves on the upper layer and the lower layer are completely the same, namely, the metal nano-strips and the metal nano-grooves are mutually positive and negative structures. The interaction of circularly polarized incident light with a nanostructured surface produces anomalous catadioptric phenomena. By reasonably regulating the thickness of the metal layer, the Babinet composite metamaterial generates a strong asymmetric abnormal reflection phenomenon. The babinet composite gradient phase superstructure surface is made of metal, such as gold, silver and the like. The dielectric layer between the surfaces of the Babinet composite gradient phase ultrastructure is made of materials such as silicon dioxide, magnesium fluoride and the like.
Two embodiments of the present invention are given below in conjunction with the shapes of the metal nano-bars and the metal nano-grooves.
Example 1:
example 1 presents a babinet composite rectangular gradient-phase metamaterial surface, as shown in fig. 1, where one structural unit includes eight rectangular small units with gradient phase changes. The composite structure unit is composed of a unit rectangular nano strip gradient phase metamaterial surface shown in figure 2 and a unit rectangular nano groove gradient phase metamaterial surface shown in figure 3, the Babinet composite metamaterial surface material is metal, and the middle is a dielectric layer. Fig. 5 shows an abnormal catadioptric phenomenon exhibited by the cell gradient phase metamaterial when the metamaterial is incident with circularly polarized light. Fig. 6 shows an asymmetric reflection device, which can obtain different reflection phenomena by respectively injecting circularly polarized light at two ends of a metamaterial, wherein the asymmetric reflection device has a main structure of a babinet composite rectangular gradient phase metamaterial surface, structural units of the asymmetric reflection device are rectangular metal nano strips and rectangular metal nano grooves with space phase gradient changes, and the thickness of a double-layer metamaterial metal layer is reasonably regulated and controlled, so that a strong asymmetric reflection factor can be obtained. The asymmetric reflection phenomenon can be studied by calculating the extinction ratio, which is calculated in such a way that ER is 10log (P)--/P+-) dB, where P--Denotes the intensity of the co-polarized light, P+-The intensity of the cross polarization light is shown, and when the extinction ratio is more than 0, the cross polarization conversion efficiency reflecting the transmission or reflection of the cross polarization light is higher than the common polarization transmission efficiency; conversely, when the extinction ratio is less than zero, it is reflected in a cross-polarization lower than co-polarization. After the thickness of the metal layer of the babinet composite rectangular gradient phase metamaterial is reasonably regulated, fig. 8 shows the reflection extinction ratio when the same circularly polarized light is incident from two sides, (a) it can be known that the reflection cross polarization conversion efficiency is always lower than the common polarization transmission efficiency within the range from 200THz to 450THz when the incident light is incident from one side of the rectangular strip. (b) It can be seen that the incident light is incident from one side of the rectangular groove,the conversion efficiency of the reflection cross polarization is higher than the transmission efficiency of the common polarization in the range from 280THz to 330THz, and compared with the reflection circular polarized light under incidence in different directions, the asymmetric reflection factor of the reflection light intensity reaches 40dB, and the device has stronger asymmetric reflection effect on the circular polarization reflection light.
Example 2:
in embodiment 2, a U-shaped structure unit is used for a babinet composite gradient phase super-structure surface, fig. 8 shows an asymmetric reflection device in embodiment 2, the main structure of the asymmetric reflection device is the babinet composite U-shaped gradient phase super-structure surface, the structure unit is eight U-shaped metal nano-strips and U-shaped metal nano-grooves with space phase gradient changes, a dielectric layer is arranged between the double-layer super-structure surfaces, the thickness of the metal layer is reasonably regulated, and a strong asymmetric reflection factor can be obtained. FIG. 9 shows the reflection extinction ratio of a Babinet composite U-shaped gradient phase metamaterial surface, where R is1Indicating that circularly polarized light is incident from one side of the gradient phase U-shaped metal groove, R2Indicating that circularly polarized light is incident from the side of the gradient phase U-shaped metal strip. As can be seen from the figure, after the thickness of the metal layer is reasonably regulated, the asymmetric reflection factor of the Babinet composite U-shaped gradient phase super-structured surface can reach 80dB, and the asymmetric reflection phenomenon with strong contrast can be realized.
In summary, the present invention relates to an asymmetric reflector based on babinet composite gradient phase metamaterial. The asymmetric reflector has the main structure of a Babinet composite gradient phase super-structured surface with an upper layer and a lower layer, wherein Babinet composite means that the upper layer and the lower layer are of complementary positive and negative structures. The upper layer is a metal nano-strip gradient phase super-structure surface, the structural units are eight metal nano-strips with spatial phase gradient changes, the lower layer is a metal nano-groove gradient phase super-structure surface, the structural units are eight metal nano-grooves with spatial phase gradient changes, and the parameters of the upper and lower layers of structural units are completely the same. The upper and lower layers of complementary super-structure surfaces of the Babinet are made of metal, and a dielectric layer is arranged between the two layers of super-structure surfaces. The thickness of the metal layer is reasonably regulated, so that the Babinet composite metamaterial can generate a strong asymmetric abnormal reflection phenomenon, namely, the abnormal reflection phenomenon with different intensities is generated when circularly polarized light passes through the metamaterial from the front direction and the rear direction, and the asymmetric factor of the intensity exceeds 40 dB. In a wave band from 200THz to 500THz, the single-layer super-structure surface can realize polarization conversion of circularly polarized light, after the single-layer super-structure surfaces are compounded and superposed, the polarization conversion efficiency of the circularly polarized light is improved, and the asymmetric reflection phenomenon is more obvious after the thickness of a metal layer is adjusted. The invention can realize the asymmetric reflection phenomenon of circularly polarized light with very strong contrast, and has the characteristics of high circular polarization conversion efficiency, obvious asymmetric reflection phenomenon, easy integration and the like.
Claims (6)
1. An asymmetric reflection device based on Babinet composite gradient phase metamaterial is characterized in that: the babinet composite gradient phase super-structure surface is a layered structure, the upper layer is a metal nano strip gradient phase super-structure surface consisting of metal nano strips, the lower layer is a metal nano groove gradient phase super-structure surface consisting of metal nano grooves, the middle of the upper layer and the lower layer is a dielectric layer, and the metal nano strips and the metal nano grooves have the same structural parameters and spatial phase change rules and are mutually in positive and negative structures; the metal nano-strips and the metal nano-grooves are in gradient change in space and are arranged in an array; in an optical wave band, high circular polarization reflection cross polarization conversion efficiency can be realized, reflection common polarization conversion efficiency is inhibited, and asymmetric reflection of polarized light is realized through the difference of upper and lower layers of super-structure surfaces.
2. The asymmetric reflection device based on babinet composite gradient phase metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein: the metal nano-strip and the metal nano-groove are rectangular.
3. The asymmetric reflection device based on babinet composite gradient phase metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein: the metal nano-strip and the metal nano-groove are U-shaped.
4. An asymmetric reflection device based on babinet composite gradient phase metamaterial as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein: the Babinet composite gradient phase super structure surface is made of gold or silver.
5. An asymmetric reflection device based on babinet composite gradient phase metamaterial as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein: the dielectric layer is made of silicon dioxide material or magnesium fluoride material.
6. The asymmetric reflection device based on babinet composite gradient phase metamaterial according to claim 4, wherein: the dielectric layer is made of silicon dioxide material or magnesium fluoride material.
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| CN111883931B (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2022-06-17 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Circularly polarized four-channel independent abnormal deflection lens based on comprehensive phase regulation and control principle of super-structured surface |
| CN113552072B (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2023-03-21 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Optical sensor based on total reflection enhancement mechanism |
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