CN110440241B - Air series heating system capable of improving boiler efficiency - Google Patents
Air series heating system capable of improving boiler efficiency Download PDFInfo
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- CN110440241B CN110440241B CN201910793505.0A CN201910793505A CN110440241B CN 110440241 B CN110440241 B CN 110440241B CN 201910793505 A CN201910793505 A CN 201910793505A CN 110440241 B CN110440241 B CN 110440241B
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010022000 influenza Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
- F22D1/16—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters with water tubes arranged otherwise than in the boiler furnace, fire tubes, or flue ways
- F22D1/18—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters with water tubes arranged otherwise than in the boiler furnace, fire tubes, or flue ways and heated indirectly
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Air Supply (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an air series heating system capable of improving boiler efficiency, which comprises a flue gas cooler, an air heater, a medium circulation unit and an economizer group, wherein the flue gas cooler is arranged below a low-temperature reheater side flue of a boiler tail flue, and the air heater is arranged in a hot secondary flue at an outlet of an air preheater; the medium circulation unit comprises a medium storage subunit, and the flue gas cooler and the air heater are connected with the medium storage subunit in series through a medium pipeline and form a medium circulation passage; the economizer group comprises a first economizer and a second economizer which are arranged in series, wherein the first economizer is arranged below a low-temperature superheater side flue of the boiler tail flue, and the second economizer is arranged in a merging flue behind the boiler tail flue. The invention can reduce the exhaust gas temperature, ensure the hot air temperature not to be reduced, and realize the stable and efficient combustion in the furnace while improving the efficiency of the boiler.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of boiler manufacturing and transformation, in particular to an air series heating system capable of improving boiler efficiency.
Background
The tail part of the 600MW supercritical and above grade power station boiler is mainly provided with a double-flue or three-flue arrangement mode, wherein one flue is provided with a low-temperature superheater and an economizer, the other flue or two flues are provided with a low-temperature reheater, and the flue gas share of each flue is adjusted through a baffle plate so as to adjust the reheat steam temperature. The flue gas generated by the boiler combustion passes through each flue of the rear vertical shaft and then is mixed into the air preheater, and the air is heated in the air preheater and then is discharged out of the boiler system.
The boiler with the arrangement form is limited by the following factors, so that the efficiency of the boiler is difficult to improve:
1) The temperature of the working medium at the inlet of the reheater is higher, so that the smoke temperature at the outlet of the flue at the side of the low-temperature reheater is higher. The temperature of the low re-inlet working medium of the primary reheating unit is generally 350-380 ℃, and the smoke temperature of the flue outlet is generally 400-420 ℃; the temperature of the low re-inlet working medium of the secondary reheating unit is up to 430-450 ℃, and the smoke temperature at the outlet of the flue is generally 460-480 ℃. The higher temperature of the outlet smoke of the flue at the side of the reheater leads to higher temperature of the inlet smoke of the preheater, which is one reason that the temperature of the discharged smoke is difficult to reduce;
2) Limit of heat exchange end difference of air preheater: excessive reduction of the air preheater inlet flue gas temperature will result in a simultaneous reduction of the hot secondary air temperature. If the smoke temperature at the inlet of the air preheater is reduced to 330 ℃ by a certain means, the heat exchange end difference of 25 ℃ is considered, and the hot secondary air temperature can only reach 305 ℃ to cause a certain influence on the combustion in the hearth.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of high difficulty in improving the efficiency of the existing boiler, the invention provides the air series heating system capable of improving the efficiency of the boiler, which can reduce the exhaust gas temperature, ensure that the temperature of hot air is not reduced, and realize the improvement of the efficiency of the boiler while maintaining the stability and the high efficiency of combustion in the boiler.
The invention provides an air series heating system capable of improving boiler efficiency, which comprises a flue gas cooler, an air heater, a medium circulation unit and an economizer group, wherein,
the flue gas cooler is arranged below a low-temperature reheater side flue of the boiler tail flue, and the air heater is arranged in a hot secondary flue of an air preheater outlet;
the medium circulation unit comprises a medium storage subunit, and the flue gas cooler and the air heater are connected with the medium storage subunit in series through a medium pipeline to form a medium circulation passage;
the economizer group comprises a first economizer and a second economizer which are arranged in series, wherein the first economizer is arranged below a low-temperature superheater side flue of a boiler tail flue, and the second economizer is arranged in a merging flue behind the boiler tail flue.
According to one embodiment of the air series heating system capable of improving the efficiency of the boiler, the medium circulation unit further comprises a booster pump and a valve group arranged on the medium pipeline.
According to one embodiment of the air series heating system, which can improve the boiler efficiency, the medium storage subunit stores therein a medium, and the medium is an aqueous medium or an oil medium, and absorbs heat in the flue gas cooler and releases heat in the air heater.
According to one embodiment of the air series heating system capable of improving the efficiency of the boiler, the air heater adopts a light pipe type heat exchanger or a fin type heat exchanger, and the flue gas cooler adopts a light pipe type heat exchanger or a fin type heat exchanger.
According to one embodiment of the air series heating system capable of improving the efficiency of the boiler, the first economizer and the second economizer adopt a light pipe type heat exchanger or a fin type heat exchanger.
According to one embodiment of the air series heating system capable of improving the efficiency of the boiler, the boiler is a double-flue single reheat boiler or a triple-flue double reheat boiler.
According to one embodiment of the air series heating system capable of improving the efficiency of the boiler, the inlet of the air preheater is respectively connected with the primary air blower and the air feeder, and the outlet of the air preheater is respectively connected with the boiler furnace through the hot primary air duct and the hot secondary air duct.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides the air series heating system capable of improving the boiler efficiency, and the flue gas cooler is arranged at the lower part of the low-temperature reheater flue, so that the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the low-temperature reheater side flue is reduced, the flue gas temperature at the inlet of the preheater is reduced, and the flue gas temperature is further reduced; meanwhile, an air heater is arranged in the hot secondary air channel at the outlet of the air preheater, so that the hot secondary air is heated, and a certain hot secondary air temperature is maintained. The flue gas cooler and the air heater are connected through a medium, the medium absorbs heat in the flue gas cooler, and releases heat in the air heater. The primary air absorbs heat in the air preheater, the secondary air absorbs heat in the air preheater firstly, and then absorbs heat in the air heater, so that the air is heated in series. The series air heating system can reduce the exhaust temperature by 10-12 ℃ and improve the boiler efficiency by about 0.5-0.6%.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a 660MW ultra-supercritical once-reheat boiler of the prior art.
Fig. 2 illustrates a schematic configuration of an air series heating system capable of improving boiler efficiency according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 illustrates a schematic structure of an air series heating system capable of improving boiler efficiency according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-first economizer, 2-second economizer, 3-flue gas cooler, 4-air heater, 5-force (or) pump, 6-medium storage subunit, 7-valve group.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in a method or process disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same or equivalent purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, each feature is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features, unless expressly stated otherwise.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a 660MW ultra-supercritical once-reheat boiler of the prior art.
As shown in fig. 1, taking a 660MW ultra-supercritical once-reheat boiler in China as an example, a rear vertical shaft is provided with a double flue, a front flue is provided with a low-temperature reheater, and a rear flue is provided with a low-temperature superheater and an Economizer (ECO). And after the heat of the flue gas generated in the combustion chamber is released by the double flues, the flue gas is combined into a three-compartment air preheater, and primary air and secondary air are heated in the air preheater at the same time. In order to achieve full-load denitration and higher boiler efficiency, a classifying economizer is arranged in a preheater inlet flue, the inlet flue temperature of the air preheater is controlled to be 350-360 ℃, and the flue gas temperature 128 ℃ is calculated (not corrected). The calculation efficiency of the boiler is 94.66%, and if the boiler efficiency is required to be further improved, the difficulty is great. Table 1 shows the calculated data for some 660MW ultra supercritical once reheat boiler in China.
Table 1 calculation data of some 660MW ultra-supercritical once-reheat boiler in China
| Unit (B) | THA | 75THA | 50THA | 30THA | |
| Low re-inlet working medium temperature of front flue | ℃ | 355 | 360 | 367 | 369 |
| Front flue outlet smoke temperature | ℃ | 413 | 413 | 420 | 408 |
| Inlet working medium temperature of back flue economizer | ℃ | 307.2 | 291.1 | 274.4 | 254.4 |
| Low flue outlet smoke temperature | ℃ | 352 | 326 | 299 | 272 |
| Combined flue smoke temperature (SCR inlet) | ℃ | 385 | 377 | 378 | 368 |
| Water supply temperature | ℃ | 298 | 279 | 255 | 228 |
| Preheater inlet smoke temperature | ℃ | 352 | 338 | 329 | 309 |
| Exhaust gas temperature | ℃ | 128.0 | 119.0 | 108.5 | 96.0 |
| Grinding wind temperature | ℃ | 207.4 | 203.7 | 197.3 | 193.5 |
| Heat secondary air temperature | ℃ | 325.5 | 314.5 | 306.0 | 289.5 |
| Calculated boiler efficiency | ％ | 94.66 | 94.84 | 94.64 | 94.80 |
From the above data, it can be seen that even though the inlet smoke temperature of the preheater is reduced to 352 ℃ by adopting the measures such as a classifying economizer, the smoke temperature is still as high as 128 ℃ due to the lower inlet grinding air temperature. If the inlet smoke temperature of the preheater is required to be further reduced, the low re-outlet smoke temperature caused by the high temperature of the low re-inlet working medium is high, and the difficulty is high. Even if the inlet flue gas temperature of the preheater is further reduced, the hot secondary air is further reduced, and the reduction amplitude is equivalent, and the too low hot secondary air temperature is unfavorable for the stability and the high efficiency of the combustion in the furnace.
The invention improves the scheme of the prior art and provides an air series heating system capable of improving the efficiency of a boiler. The invention mainly reforms the air heating part to improve the boiler effect, and the boiler structure, the air preheater structure and the connection mode thereof can adopt corresponding structures in the prior art, and the invention is not limited to the corresponding structures.
Fig. 2 illustrates a schematic structure of an air series heating system capable of improving efficiency of a boiler according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 3 illustrates a schematic structure of an air series heating system capable of improving efficiency of a boiler according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the air series heating system for improving boiler efficiency according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a flue gas cooler 3, an air heater 4, a medium circulation unit, and an economizer group. The inlet of the air preheater is respectively connected with the primary fan and the blower, and the outlet of the air preheater is respectively connected with the boiler furnace through the hot primary air duct and the hot secondary air duct.
Specifically, the flue gas cooler 3 is arranged below the low-temperature reheater side flue of the tail flue of the boiler, and the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the low-temperature reheater side flue can be reduced by arranging the flue gas cooler at the downstream of the flue gas side of the low-temperature reheater, so that the flue gas temperature at the position of the combined flue after the tail flue is further reduced.
The air heater 4 is arranged in a hot secondary air channel at the outlet of the air preheater, and is used for heating hot secondary air from the air preheater and further raising the temperature of the hot secondary air to a higher level so as to be beneficial to the stability and the high efficiency of combustion in the furnace.
The medium circulation unit includes a medium storage subunit 6, and the flue gas cooler 3 and the air heater 4 are connected in series with the medium storage subunit 6 through a medium pipe and form a medium circulation path. That is, the medium pipe connects the flue gas cooler 3, the air heater 4, and the medium storage subunit 6 in series to form a medium circulation path in which the medium flows.
The medium storage subunit 6 stores therein a medium, which may be an aqueous medium or an oil medium or another suitable medium, which absorbs heat in the flue gas cooler 3 and releases heat in the air heater 4.
Preferably, the medium circulation unit further comprises a booster pump 5 arranged on the medium conduit, the booster pump 5 facilitating the flow of medium in the conduit and pressure control, and a valve set 6 for controlling the flow of medium in the flue gas cooler 3 and the air heater 4.
The economizer group comprises a first economizer 1 and a second economizer 2 arranged in series. The first economizer 1 is arranged below the low-temperature superheater side flue of the boiler tail flue, and aims to reduce the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the low-temperature superheater side flue and further reduce the temperature of the flue gas at the combined flue. The second economizer 2 is arranged in the combined flue behind the tail flue of the boiler, and can reduce the flue temperature of the combined flue to a lower level so as to be beneficial to reducing the inlet flue temperature of the air preheater.
Preferably, the air heater 4 of the present invention may employ a light pipe heat exchanger or a fin heat exchanger, and the flue gas cooler 3 may also employ a light pipe heat exchanger or a fin heat exchanger, or other forms of heat exchangers may be employed.
The first and second economizers 1 and 2 of the present invention may also employ a light pipe heat exchanger or a fin heat exchanger, or other forms of heat exchangers may be employed.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the system of the invention is suitable for a double-flue tail single reheat boiler or a triple-flue tail double reheat boiler, and only needs to finely adjust the arrangement mode of the flue gas cooler.
Therefore, the flue gas cooler 3 is arranged at the lower part of the low-temperature reheater flue, so that the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the low-temperature reheater side flue is reduced, the flue gas temperature at the inlet of the preheater can be reduced, and the flue gas temperature is further reduced; meanwhile, an air heater 4 is arranged in a hot secondary air channel at the outlet of the air preheater, so that the hot secondary air is heated, and a certain hot secondary air temperature is maintained. The flue gas cooler and the air heater are connected through a medium, the medium absorbs heat in the flue gas cooler, and releases heat in the air heater. The primary air absorbs heat in the air preheater, and the secondary air absorbs heat in the air preheater firstly and then enters the air heater to absorb heat, so that the air is heated in series. The invention can reduce the exhaust gas temperature, ensure the hot air temperature not to be reduced, and realize the improvement of the efficiency of the boiler and simultaneously maintain the stability and the high efficiency of the combustion in the boiler.
The invention will now be described with reference to specific examples.
Taking the above 660MW ultra supercritical once-reheat boiler in China as an example, the calculated data after the scheme of the present invention is shown in the following table 2, and the comparative data of the exhaust gas temperature and the boiler efficiency of the prior art reference scheme and the scheme of the present invention are shown in the table 3.
TABLE 2 calculation data of an air series heating system for improving boiler efficiency according to the present invention
| Unit (B) | THA | 75THA | 50THA | 30THA | |
| Low re-inlet working medium temperature of front flue | ℃ | 355 | 360 | 367 | 369 |
| Low re-outlet smoke temperature | ℃ | 413 | 413 | 420 | 408 |
| Outlet smoke temperature of smoke cooler | ℃ | 363.0 | 363.0 | 370.0 | 358.0 |
| Flue gas temperature drop of flue gas cooler | ℃ | 50.00 | 50.00 | 50.00 | 50.00 |
| Heat exchanging capacity of smoke cold area device | MW | 19.5 | 16.8 | 14.9 | 11.1 |
| Inlet working medium temperature of back flue economizer | ℃ | 307.2 | 291.1 | 274.4 | 254.4 |
| Rear flue outlet flue temperature | ℃ | 352 | 326 | 299 | 272 |
| Combined flue smoke temperature (SCR inlet) | ℃ | 357.96 | 347.59 | 345.20 | 332.09 |
| Water supply temperature | ℃ | 298 | 279 | 255 | 228 |
| Preheater inlet smoke temperature | ℃ | 324.67 | 308.52 | 296.05 | 273.53 |
| Air preheater outlet | ℃ | 117.37 | 106.51 | 97.10 | 83.85 |
| Grinding wind temperature | ℃ | 207.4 | 203.7 | 197.3 | 193.5 |
| Hot secondary air temperature (air preheater outlet) | ℃ | 298.17 | 285.02 | 273.05 | 254.03 |
| Hot secondary air temperature (air heater outlet) | ℃ | 342.36 | 332.03 | 322.80 | 306.00 |
| Air heater air temperature rise | ℃ | 44.2 | 47.0 | 49.7 | 52.0 |
| Heat exchanging quantity of air heater | MW | 19.5 | 16.8 | 14.9 | 11.1 |
Table 3 comparative data of exhaust gas temperature and boiler efficiency for prior art reference scheme and inventive scheme
| Unit (B) | THA | 75THA | 50THA | 30THA | |
| Smoke exhaust temperature (reference scheme) | ℃ | 128.0 | 119.0 | 108.5 | 96.0 |
| Smoke exhaust temperature (inventive scheme) | ℃ | 117.4 | 106.5 | 97.1 | 83.8 |
| Reduction of exhaust gas temperature | ℃ | 10.6 | 12.5 | 11.4 | 12.2 |
| Boiler efficiency calculation (reference scheme) | ％ | 94.66 | 94.84 | 94.64 | 94.80 |
| Boiler efficiency calculation (inventive scheme) | ％ | 95.16 | 95.46 | 95.28 | 95.56 |
| Boiler efficiency improvement value | ％ | 0.50 | 0.62 | 0.64 | 0.76 |
As can be seen from the comparison of the tables, by arranging the flue gas cooler, the outlet temperature of the low-pressure side flue can be reduced by 50 ℃, the flue gas temperature of the combined flue can be reduced by about 30 ℃, the inlet flue gas temperature of the air preheater can be reduced by about 30 ℃, the exhaust gas temperature can be reduced by 10-12 ℃, and the boiler efficiency can be improved by 0.5-0.8%. If the coal consumption of the unit is changed according to the THA working condition, the boiler efficiency is improved by 0.5%, and the power supply coal consumption of the whole plant can be reduced by about 1.4g/kw.h.
The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification, as well as to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of the method or process disclosed.
Claims (7)
1. An air series heating system capable of improving boiler efficiency is characterized by comprising a flue gas cooler, an air heater, a medium circulation unit and an economizer group, wherein,
the flue gas cooler is arranged below a low-temperature reheater side flue of the boiler tail flue, and the air heater is arranged in a hot secondary flue of an air preheater outlet;
the medium circulation unit comprises a medium storage subunit, and the flue gas cooler and the air heater are connected with the medium storage subunit in series through a medium pipeline to form a medium circulation passage;
the economizer group comprises a first economizer and a second economizer which are arranged in series, wherein the first economizer is arranged below a low-temperature superheater side flue of a boiler tail flue, and the second economizer is arranged in a merging flue behind the boiler tail flue.
2. The air serial heating system for improving boiler efficiency according to claim 1, wherein said medium circulation unit further comprises a booster pump and a valve group provided on the medium pipe.
3. An air serial heating system for improving boiler efficiency according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the medium storage subunit stores therein a medium and the medium is an aqueous medium or an oil medium, the medium absorbs heat in the flue gas cooler and releases heat in the air heater.
4. The air series heating system for improving boiler efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the air heater employs a light pipe heat exchanger or a fin heat exchanger, and the flue gas cooler employs a light pipe heat exchanger or a fin heat exchanger.
5. The air serial heating system for improving boiler efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the first economizer and the second economizer use a light pipe heat exchanger or a fin heat exchanger.
6. The air series heating system for improving boiler efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the boiler is a double-flue tail primary reheat boiler or a triple-flue tail secondary reheat boiler.
7. The air serial heating system for improving boiler efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the inlet of the air preheater is connected to the primary air blower and the blower, respectively, and the outlet is connected to the boiler furnace through the hot primary air duct and the hot secondary air duct, respectively.
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| CN115200005A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-10-18 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | Flue gas waste heat utilization system based on boiler system self |
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