CN1104393C - Fibre-containing aerogel composite material - Google Patents
Fibre-containing aerogel composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN1104393C CN1104393C CN96196880A CN96196880A CN1104393C CN 1104393 C CN1104393 C CN 1104393C CN 96196880 A CN96196880 A CN 96196880A CN 96196880 A CN96196880 A CN 96196880A CN 1104393 C CN1104393 C CN 1104393C
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B30/00—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders
- C04B30/02—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders containing fibrous materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B26/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B26/12—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
- C04B26/125—Melamine-formaldehyde condensation polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
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Abstract
The invention relates to a composite material containing 5 to 97 % vol. aerogel particles, at least one binder and at least one fibrous material, in which the diameter of the aerogel particle >/= 0.5 mm, a process for its production and its use.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of matrix material, contain 5-97% (volume) aerogel particle, at least a binding agent and at least a filamentary material, wherein particle diameter 〉=the 0.5mm of aerogel particle the invention still further relates to its preparation method and application thereof.
Aerogel, particularly porosity surpass 60% and density be lower than 0.4g/cm
3Aerogel because its density is very low, porosity is high and the aperture is little, thereby have low especially heat conductivity, thereby can be used as thermal insulation material, as described in EP-A-0 171722.
High porosity also may cause mechanical stability to reduce, and not only like this to the gel that is dried to aerogel, exsiccant aerogel itself also is like this.
The aerogel of general sense, i.e. " with the gel of air " as dispersion agent, the gel suitable by drying obtains.On this meaning, " aerogel " this notion comprises aerogel, xerogel and the freezing gel of narrow sense.Wherein when beginning to be removed basically under the temperature of gel liquid more than critical temperature and by the pressure that is higher than emergent pressure, the exsiccant gel is called the aerogel of narrow sense.In contrast, if for example remove gel liquid under the condition of formation liquid-vapour-interfacial phase in subcritical, then the gel of Xing Chenging is called xerogel.The notion aerogel of Shi Yonging refers to the generalized aerogel in this application, i.e. " with the gel of air as dispersion agent ".
The moulding process of aerogel finishes at the sol-gel transit time.After forming the solid gel structure, its profile only can change by pulverizing for example to grind.This material is frangible under the stress of other form.
For many application, must use aerogel with certain objects shape.When preparing gel, can make this formed body in principle.Yet, the drying that exchange of solvent of the diffusion that must carry out usually in the preparation decision (about aerogel: referring to for example US-A-4610963 and EP-A0396076, about aerogel composite: referring to for example WO93/06044) and same diffusion determine can cause the production cycle to prolong wastefully.Therefore, suitable is after the aerogel preparation, also promptly after drying, also will carry out forming step, but the change of the aerogel internal structure relevant with application does not take place basically.
For many application, require insulating material except good heat-insulating property, also to have good isolation action to airborne transmission sound.Usually, the porous material with macroscopic view (＞0.1 μ) porosity has good sound-proofing properties, and reason is the friction institute damping of the speed wave of sound by air and hole wall.Therefore, the single piece of material that does not have a macro-level porosity only has extremely low sound-proofing properties.If a kind of material only is porous on microcosmic, monolithic aerogel for example, then air can not flow through micropore, but sound wave is delivered on the structure of matter, this structure has very overdamp ground and further transmits sound wave.
DE-A 3346180 has described the bending resisting plate that the silicic acid aerogel that obtains based on flame pyrolysis and inorganic long fiber wild phase bonded extrusion form.Wherein the silicic acid aerogel that obtains of flame pyrolysis is not the aerogel of above-mentioned implication, because it does not obtain by gel drying, thereby has diverse microvoid structure.It is more stable in mechanical aspects, thereby can push under the situation of not destroying microtexture, but its thermal conductivity is higher than the general aerogel of above-mentioned implication.The surface of these extrusions is very easy to damage, thereby must use a kind of binding agent to make surface hardening, is perhaps protected by applying a skim.
It is 0.1-0.4g/cm that EP-A-0340707 discloses a kind of density
3Insulating material, be silica-aerogel-granulometric composition of 0.5-5mm by at least 50% (volume) diameter, they combine together by means of at least a organic and/or mineral binder bond.If this aerogel particle only by adhesive bond on contact surface, then the insulating material of Xing Chenging is not stable especially in mechanical aspects, because aerogel particle can be broken under mechanical stress by the part that binding agent covers, particles no longer is thereon bonding, and crackle appears in insulating material.Therefore, all as far as possible wedges all should be filled with binding agent between aerogel particle.Though the material that obtains when binder content is very low is more stable than pure aerogel, at binding agent of no use crackle appears easily during with all particle adequate closures.Though help reducing thermal conductivity when aerogel volume content is high, the wedge district has only very little volume to leave binding agent for, and this particularly causes the mechanical stability extreme difference when using extremely low porous binding agent of thermal conductivity such as foam.Fill the sound-proofing properties that all wedge districts also can reduce material significantly owing to having reduced macroporosity (between the particle) with binding agent.
EP-A-489319 discloses the low foamed composite of a kind of thermal conductivity, and it contains 20-80% (volume) silica-aerogel-particle, 20-80% (volume) is 0.01-0.15g/cm around aerogel particle and interconnective density
3The styrene polymerization foam materials and the conventional additive of significant quantity in case of necessity.Though the foam jointing material resistance to compression that obtains like this is not too counter-bending when aerogel particle concentration is high.
German patent application DE-A-4430669 and DE-A-4430642 have described fibre-reinforced aerogel plate or pad.Because aerogel content is very high, the thermal conductivity of these plates or pad is very low, but because above-mentioned diffusion problem needs the long manufacturing cycle during manufacturing.
Still among the undocumented German patent application P4445771.5 a kind of fibrous reticulum-aerogel-matrix material is being disclosed, it has one deck fibrous reticulum and aerogel particle at least, it is characterized in that, fibrous reticulum contains a kind of conjugate fiber material at least, and it is bonding to pass through the low melting point case material between its fiber and between fiber and the aerogel particle.This matrix material has lower thermal conductivity and high macro-level porosity, thereby has good sound-proofing properties, but owing to used conjugate fiber, employed temperature range of this material and fire-protection rating are restricted.In addition, corresponding matrix material, particularly Fu Za formed body can not be made simply.
Therefore, task of the present invention is, a kind of matrix material based on aerogel particle is provided, and its thermal conductivity is low, mechanically stable and making easily.
Another task of the present invention is, a kind of matrix material based on aerogel particle is provided, and it also has good sound-proofing properties.
This task is finished by following matrix material, and this material contains 5-97% (volume) aerogel particle, at least a binding agent and at least a filamentary material, the wherein particle diameter 〉=0.5mm of aerogel particle.
Binding agent or fiber or aerogel bondd mutually, the perhaps substrate material that embeds as fiber and aerogel particle.Fiber and aerogel particle bond mutually by binding agent and embed binder matrix in case of necessity, have produced the material of the low mechanically stable of a kind of thermal conductivity.
With only form, compare by surface adhesion or the material that embeds binder matrix by aerogel particle, under the constant condition of binding agent volume content, the fiber of extremely low volume content can improve physical strength greatly, because they bear the major portion of load.If use fiber and a spot of binding agent of higher volumes content, can obtain a kind of porous material, wherein form a kind of skeleton of mechanically stable by binding agent agglutinating fiber, aerogel particle embeds in this skeleton.The pore of Xing Chenging causes high porosity and better sound-proofing properties like this.
Fiber can be natural or synthetic is inorganic or organic fibre, for example cellulosic fibre, cotton fiber or flax fiber, glass or mineral fibre, trevira, tynex or aramid fiber.These fibers can be new, and perhaps by waste material, for example glass cullet waste material or corner defective material produce.Also can use conjugate fiber.
Fiber can be smooth or single fiber yarn, fibrous bundle or fibrous reticulum or the fabric of band wrinkle.Fibrous reticulum and/or fabric can be used as the monoblock that connects together and/or are included in the matrix material with the form of a plurality of fritters.
Fiber can have circle, trilobal (trilobal), five leaf (pentalobal), octofoil (oktalobal), band shape, Christmas tree-like, dumb-bell shape or other star cross section.Also can use hollow fiber.
The diameter of the fiber that uses in the matrix material is preferably less than the mean diameter of aerogel particle, so that can bond high-load aerogel in matrix material.By selecting very thin fiber, can be so that matrix material be crooked easily.
The preferred fiber of diameter between 1 μ and 1mm that use.Under the volume content fixed situation of fiber, use the matrix material that can obtain anti-fracture than the fiber of minor diameter usually.
The length of fiber is not subjected to any restriction.But be preferably greater than the mean diameter of aerogel particle, that is to say to be at least 0.5mm.
Can also use the mixture of the above-mentioned type.
The stability and the thermal conductivity of matrix material rise along with the increase of fibre content.According to concrete application, the volume content of optimum fiber is 0.1-40% (volume), preferred especially 0.1-15% (volume).
In order to improve the bonding of fiber on matrix, can also for example apply in the glass fibre with sizing or couplant usually.
The aerogel that is suitable for matrix material of the present invention is based on the aerogel of the metal oxide that is suitable for sol-gel-industry (for example referring to C.J.Brinker, G.W.Scherer, Sol-Gel-Science[sol-gel science], 1990,2 and 3 chapters), for example Si or Al compound, or based on the organic aerogel that is suitable for sol-gel-industry, for example melamine formaldehyde condensates (US-A-5086085) or resorcinol formaldehyde condenses (US-A-4873218).They also can be based on the mixture of above-mentioned materials.The preferred aerogel that contains the Si compound that uses, preferred especially the use contained SiO
2Aerogel, especially in case of necessity through organically-modified SiO
2-aerogel.
In order to reduce the influence of radiation to thermal conductivity, aerogel can contain infrared light screening agent, for example carbon black, titanium dioxide, ferric oxide, zirconium dioxide or their mixture.
In addition, the thermal conductivity of aerogel reduces with the rising of porosity and the decline of density, is 0.1g/cm up to density
3Till.Based on this reason, preferable porosity greater than 60% and density be 0.1-0.4g/cm
3Aerogel.The thermal conductivity of aerogel particle is preferably less than 40mW/mK, especially preferably less than 25mW/mK.
In a preferred embodiment, use hydrophobic aerogel particle, this aerogel particle obtains by importing hydrophobic surface groups on during aerogel preparation or the later micropore surface at aerogel.
Notion " aerogel particle " refers to the monolithic particulate formed by one in the present invention, perhaps contain basically diameter less than the particulate of the aerogel particle of mean particle dia, these aerogel particles become larger particles by the binding agent bonding that is fit to and/or by extruding.
Globule size is relevant with the application of material.In order to reach high stability, particle should be too not thick, and particle diameter is preferably less than 1cm, especially preferably less than 5mm.
On the other hand, the diameter of aerogel particles should be greater than 0.5mm, to avoid the handling difficulty that the low density superfine powder is run in the preparation.In addition, on the upper strata that adds liquid-containing binder infiltration in man-hour aerogel, make aerogel lose its high insulating property in this zone usually.Therefore, the ratio of macroscopic microparticle surfaces and particulate volume should be as far as possible little, but particle hour is done less than this point very much.
In order to make matrix material reach low heat conductivity on the one hand, reach enough mechanical stabilities on the other hand again, the volume content of aerogel is preferably 20-97% (volume), preferred especially 40-95% (volume), and wherein high volume content causes than low heat conductivity and intensity.In order to improve the porosity of whole material, thereby improve sound absorption qualities, also should contain pore in the material, the volume content of aerogel preferably is lower than 85% (volume) for this reason.
In order to reach high aerogel volume content, the preferred particle that uses with favourable bimodal size-grade distribution.According to concrete application,, also can use other distribution for example in the sound insulation field.
It is bonding to pass through at least a binding agent between fiber or the aerogel particle itself and between fiber and the aerogel particle.Binding agent both can be used for fiber and aerogel particle itself and bonding each other thereof, also can be used as substrate material.
Basically all known binding agents all are suitable for preparing matrix material of the present invention.For example sodium silicate binder of mineral binder bond be can use, organic binder bond or its mixture perhaps used.Binding agent can also contain other inorganic and/or organic constituent.
Suitable organic binder bond for example is a thermoplastics, for example polyolefine or polyolefin-wax, styrene polymer, polymeric amide, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer or its blend perhaps are thermosetting resin such as phenolic resin, resorcinol resin, urea resin or melamine resin.Also can use tackiness agent such as melt adhesive, dispersion liquid tackiness agent (moisture form, for example styrene butadiene and copolymer in cinnamic acrylic ester), solvent cement or plastisol; The reacting adhesive in addition that other is fit to, the for example polysiloxane of the Resins, epoxy of single-component system form such as thermofixation, formaldehyde condensation products, polyimide, polybenzimidazole, cyanoacrylate, polyvinyl butyral acetal, polyvinyl alcohol, anaerobic tackiness agent, polyurethane binder and moisture curing, the perhaps Resins, epoxy of bicomponent system form such as methacrylic ester, cold-curing, two-component polysiloxane and cold-cured polyurethane.
Preferred polyvinyl butyral acetal and/or the polyvinyl alcohol of using.
Preferably select binding agent in the following manner: if exist with liquid form in the specified phase of processing, then binding agent can not or can only infiltrate very loose aerogel during this period rarely.Except selecting binding agent, can also influence the infiltration of binding agent by regulating processing condition such as pressure, temperature and mixing time to aerogel particle inside.
If binding agent forms the matrix of aerogel and fiber embedding,, preferably use density less than 0.75g/cm because its thermal conductivity is low
3Porous material such as foam materials, preferred polymers foam materials (for example polystyrene or polyurethane foamed material).
In order to make binding agent well distributed at wedge district cavity, and reach bonding as well as possible when aerogel content is high, makes under the binding agent situation of solid form, its granularity is preferably less than aerogel particle.Equally, under high pressure operation also is necessary.
If must at high temperature process binding agent, for example under the situation of using melt adhesive or reacting adhesive such as melamino-formaldehyde resin, must select binding agent like this, make its temperature of fusion be no more than the temperature of fusion of fiber.
The common consumption of binding agent is the 1-50% (volume) of matrix material, preferred 1-30% (volume).According to the machinery of matrix material and the requirement of calorifics requirement and fire prevention aspect are selected binding agent.
Matrix material can contain other additive of significant quantity, for example synergistic agent of dyestuff, pigment, filler, fire retardant, fire retardant, static inhibitor, stablizer, softening agent and infrared light screening agent.
In addition, the additive that uses or form when matrix material can contain preparation, lubricant when for example suppressing such as Zinic stearas, the perhaps reaction product of the curing catalyst of acidity or acid cleavage when using resin.
The fire rating of matrix material by aerogel, fiber and binding agent and in case of necessity the fire rating of contained other material determine.In order to reach the high as far as possible fire rating of matrix material, preferably use non-flammable fiber type for example glass fibre or mineral fibre, perhaps use for example TREVIRA CS of the difficult fiber type that fires
Perhaps melamine resin fibers, (be preferably based on SiO especially based on the aerogel of inorganics
2) and the binding agent of difficult combustion for example mineral binder bond or urea resin and melamino-formaldehyde resin, polyorganosiloxane resin tackiness agent, polyimide and polybenzimidazole resin.
If the configuration of use plane form is plate or pad for example, its at least one side can apply at least one tectum, so that improve surface property, for example in order to improve soundness, forms moisture-proof barrier or stain-proofing layer.Tectum also can improve the mechanical stability of composite part.If use tectum on the two sides, they can be identical or different.
All technician's material known can be as tectum.They can not be porous, thereby as moisture-proof barrier, plastic film for example, the tinsel of preferred reflective thermal radiation or the plastic film of metallizing.Also can use the porous tectum, they allow the air admission material, thereby improve sound-proofing properties, for example porous membrane, paper, fabric or fiber.
Tectum itself also can be made of multilayer.Tectum can be fixed with binding agent, makes fiber and aerogel particle bond mutually thus, also can use other tackiness agent.
The surface of matrix material can also be by sealing at least a suitable material infiltration upper layer and solidifying.Such material for example is a thermoplastic polymer, for example polyethylene and polypropylene, or resin such as melamino-formaldehyde resin.
The thermal conductivity of matrix material of the present invention is preferably 10 to 100mW/mK, preferred especially 10-50mW/mK, especially 15-40mW/mK.
Another task of the present invention provides a kind of method for preparing matrix material of the present invention.
If originally binding agent is powder type, it then for example can following mode obtain matrix material: with common mixing device gas mixture gel particle, filamentary material and binding agent melting under high temperature and the high pressure in case of necessity and reacting when using reacting adhesive when using melt adhesive.Then make this mixture forming.According to the kind of binding agent,, for example under the situation of using reacting adhesive, perhaps under the situation of using melt adhesive, mixture is solidified in model by the fusing point that is heated to above binding agent in case of necessity by pressurized, heated.Porous materials can obtain according to following technology especially on a kind of macroscopic view: do not form puffy (shearing fibre of for example little group or fritter fibrous reticulum) as yet as fruit fiber, the method for knowing with the technician is processed into little group.Just can in case of necessity aerogel particle be joined in the fiber in this step.Fibrous mass is mixed together mutually with binding agent and aerogel particle in case of necessity, be evenly distributed in the fiber as far as possible up to binding agent and aerogel particle in case of necessity.After this material is put into model, be heated to certain temperature in case of necessity under pressure, this temperature is higher than the fusing point of tackiness agent when using melt adhesive, is higher than the required temperature of reaction when using reacting adhesive.After binding agent fusing or reaction, make the material cooling.Here preferably use polyvinyl butyral acetal.By using high pressure can improve the density of matrix material.
In a preferred embodiment, pressing mixt.Wherein the technician can select extrusion machine that is fit to according to application purpose and the compression tool that is fit to.In order to suppress, in case of necessity can the known lubricant of adding technique personnel, the Zinic stearas when for example using melamino-formaldehyde resin.Have higher air content owing to contain the pressing materials of aerogel, preferably use vacuum extruder.Sheeted product extruding the becoming plate that will contain in a preferred embodiment, aerogel.Be bonded on the punch die for fear of sheeted product, can use a kind of sepa-ration aid for example to cut apart paper the mixture to be extruded and the punch die that contain aerogel are separated.The physical strength that contains the plate of aerogel can be by stacked screen cloth, fibrous reticulum or paper improve in its surface.These screen clothes, fibrous reticulum or paper both can be mended on the plate that is placed on aerogel-congtg later on, screen cloth wherein, fibrous reticulum or paper can for example claim with a kind of suitable binding agent or adhesive-dipping, in a heatable extrusion machine, bond then with the pressurization of plate surface, also can be in a preferred embodiment, at the screen cloth of a procedure of processing by will be in case of necessity crossing with a kind of suitable binding agent or adhesive-dipping in advance, fibrous reticulum or paper are placed in the compacting model and are placed on the pressing materials that contains aerogel to be extruded, then are suppressed into a kind of composition board that contains aerogel under pressure and temperature.
Compacting is relevant with the binding agent that uses, and in arbitrary model, pressing pressure is generally the 1-1000 crust, and temperature is 0-300 ℃.
Under the situation of using phenol, Resorcinol, urea and melamino-formaldehyde resin, the compacting in arbitrary model is preferably carried out under the 5-50 bar pressure, preferred especially 10-20 crust, and temperature is preferably 100-200 ℃, and preferred 130-190 ℃ especially, especially 150-175 ℃.
If originally binding agent is liquid form, can for example following mode obtain matrix material: aerogel particle is mixed mutually with filamentary material with common mixing device.The mixture that obtains for example comes coated with adhesive by spraying then, puts into model, and solidifies in model.According to the type of binding agent, the curing of mixture in case of necessity under pressure by heating and/or evaporate employed solvent or dispersion agent is finished.Preferably make aerogel particle and fiber fluidisation in air-flow.Fill model with mixture, in filling process, spray binding agent.Porous materials can obtain especially in such a way on a kind of macroscopic view: do not form puffy (shearing fibre of for example little group or fritter fibrous reticulum) as yet as fruit fiber, the method for knowing with the technician is processed into little group.Just can in case of necessity aerogel particle be joined in the fiber in this step.Otherwise, fibrous mass is mixed together mutually with binding agent and aerogel particle in case of necessity, be evenly distributed in the fiber as far as possible up to binding agent and aerogel particle in case of necessity.In this step or after this binding agent is sprayed onto in the mixture with segmenting cloth as far as possible, after this material is heated in case of necessity the required temperature of bonding in a model under pressure.Become matrix material with the common methods drying then.
If use foam as binding agent, can obtain matrix material in the following manner according to the foamy type.
If prepare foam by for example expandable polystyrene of expandable granule that in a model, expands, all components is mixed closely, typically heating then is preferably by means of warm air or steam.Expand because particle produces, the pressure in the model raises, thereby makes that the wedge district is filled by foam, makes that the bonding of aerogel particle is fixed.After the cooling, from model, take out composite part, and dry where necessary.
If by extruding or the non-mucus shape mixture and prepare foam of expanding with after fixing, then can be in liquid with blending in of fibers.Make the liquid mixing of aerogel particle and formation, then foaming.
If material should have tectum, then for example can before or after loading model, put it into, thereby making to apply and be molded over a processing step to finish, the binding agent that wherein preferably uses matrix material is as the binding agent that applies.But, also can behind composite material forming, apply tectum.
The form of the parts that formed by matrix material of the present invention is not subjected to any restriction; This matrix material can prepare especially become tabular.
Because aerogel content is high and thermal conductivity is low, this matrix material is particularly well suited to heat insulation.
This matrix material for example can directly be used as sound absorbent material with the form of plate, and perhaps the form with the resonance absorbing device is used for sound insulation.Except the damping action of aerogel material, according to the porosity of macroscopic pores, because additional damping action can also appear in air friction on the macroscopic pores in matrix material.The macroscopic porosity can be exerted one's influence by changing fibre content and Fibre diameter, the granularity of aerogel particle and the type of content and binding agent.The sound-proofing properties that depends on frequency and size can change in the known mode of technician by selecting tectum, thickness of slab and macroporosity.
Based on the big porosity and the specific surface of its macroporosity and particularly aerogel, matrix material of the present invention also is suitable as the sorbing material of liquid, steam and gas.
Further specify the present invention by means of embodiment below, but the effect of being not limited to them.
Embodiment 1
By aerogel, polyvinyl butyral acetal and fibrous formed body
Make hydrophobic aerogel particle, 8% (volume) the polyvinyl butyral powder end of 90% (volume)
Mowital (polymkeric substance F) and 2% (volume)
Trevira Hochfest fiber mixes closely.
The mean particle size of hydrophobic aerogels is 1-2mm, and density is 120kg/m
3, the BET surface is 620m
2/ g, thermal conductivity is 11mW/mK.
The base area of compacting model is 30cm * 30cm, and is covered with one deck separating tissue.The sheeted product that contains aerogel is uniform distribution in the above, and integral body is coated with one deck separating tissue.At 220 ℃ with the thickness that was suppressed into 18mm in 30 minutes.
The formed body density that obtains is 269kg/m
3, thermal conductivity is 20mW/mK.
Embodiment 2
The formed body of forming by aerogel, polyvinyl butyral acetal and recycled fiber
Make hydrophobic aerogel particle, 10% (volume) the polyvinyl butyral powder end of 80% (volume) embodiment 1
The trevira that Mowital (polymkeric substance F) and 10% (volume) rough segmentation are separated mixes closely as recycled fiber.
The base area of compacting model is 30cm * 30cm, and is covered with one deck separating tissue.The sheeted product that contains aerogel is uniform distribution in the above, and integral body is coated with one deck separating tissue.At 220 ℃ with the thickness that was suppressed into 18mm in 30 minutes.
The formed body density that obtains is 282kg/m
3, thermal conductivity is 25mW/mK.
Embodiment 3
The formed body of forming by aerogel, polyvinyl butyral acetal and recycled fiber
Make hydrophobic aerogel particle, 10% (volume) the polyvinyl butyral powder end of 50% (volume) embodiment 1
The trevira that Mowital (polymkeric substance F) and 40% (volume) rough segmentation are separated mixes closely as recycled fiber.
The base area of compacting model is 30cm * 30cm, and is covered with one deck separating tissue.The sheeted product that contains aerogel is uniform distribution in the above, and integral body is coated with one deck separating tissue.At 220 ℃ with the thickness that was suppressed into 18mm in 30 minutes.
The formed body density that obtains is 420kg/m
3, thermal conductivity is 55mW/mK.
Embodiment 4
By aerogel, polyethylene wax and fibrous formed body
Make hydrophobic aerogel particle, 38% (weight) the polyethylene wax powder of 60% (weight) embodiment 1
Ceridust 130 and 2% (volume)
Trevira Hochfest fiber mixes closely.
The base area of compacting model is 12cm * 12cm, and is covered with one deck separating tissue.The sheeted product that contains aerogel is uniform distribution in the above, and integral body is coated with one deck and cuts apart paper.Suppressed 30 minutes at 170 ℃ of pressure with 70 crust.
The thermal conductivity of the formed body that obtains is 25mW/mK.
Embodiment 5
By aerogel, polyethylene wax and fibrous formed body
Make hydrophobic aerogel particle, 48% (weight) polyethylene wax powder Hoechst-Wachs PE 520 and 2% (volume) of 50% (weight) embodiment 1
Trevira Hochfest fiber mixes closely.
The base area of compacting model is 12cm * 12cm, and is covered with one deck every paper.The sheeted product that contains aerogel is uniform distribution in the above, and integral body is coated with one deck separating tissue.Suppressed 30 minutes at 180 ℃ of pressure with 70 crust.
The thermal conductivity of the formed body that obtains is 28mW/mK.
Embodiment 6
By aerogel, polyvinyl alcohol and fibrous formed body
Make hydrophobic aerogel particle, 8% (weight) polyvinyl alcohol solution and 2% (volume) of 90% (weight) embodiment 1
Trevira Hochfest fiber mixes closely.Polyvinyl alcohol solution is by 10% (weight)
Mowiol Typ 40-88,45% (weight) water and 45% (weight) ethanol are formed.
The base area of compacting model is 12cm * 12cm, and is covered with one deck separating tissue.The sheeted product that contains aerogel is uniform distribution in the above, and whole pressure compacting 2 minutes with 70 crust, drying then.
The thermal conductivity of the formed body that obtains is 24mW/mK.
The thermal conductivity of aerogel particle is measured with filament method (referring to for example O.Nielsson, G.Rueschenpoehler, J.Gross, J.Fricke, High Temperature-High Pressures, Vol.21,274-274 (1989)).
The thermal conductivity of formed body is measured according to DIN52612.
Claims (18)
1. matrix material contains 20-97% (volume) aerogel particle, at least a binding agent of 1-50% (volume) and at least a filamentary material of 0.1-40% (volume), the wherein particle diameter 〉=0.5mm of aerogel particle.
2. according to the described matrix material of claim 1, it is characterized in that filamentary material contains glass fibre as main ingredient.
3. according to the described matrix material of claim 1, it is characterized in that filamentary material contains organic fibre as main ingredient.
4. according to each described matrix material among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that the porosity of aerogel particle is greater than 60%, density is lower than 0.4g/cm
3, thermal conductivity is lower than 40mW/mK.
5. according to each described matrix material among the claim 1-4, it is characterized in that aerogel is in case of necessity by the SiO of organism modification
2-aerogel.
6. according to each described matrix material among the claim 1-5, it is characterized in that at least a portion aerogel particle has hydrophobic surface groups.
7. according to each described matrix material among the claim 1-6, it is characterized in that the density of binding agent is less than 0.75g/cm
3
8. according to each described matrix material among the claim 1-7, it is characterized in that binding agent contains mineral binder bond as main ingredient.
9. according to the described matrix material of claim 8, it is characterized in that mineral binder bond is a water glass.
10. according to each described matrix material among the claim 1-7, it is characterized in that binding agent contains organic binder bond as main ingredient.
11. the matrix material according to described in the claim 10 is characterized in that, organic binder bond is polyvinyl butyral acetal and/or polyvinyl alcohol.
12., it is characterized in that at least a portion aerogel particle and/or binding agent contain infrared light screening agent at least according to each described matrix material among the claim 1-11.
13. according to each described matrix material among the claim 1-12, it is characterized in that it has a kind of plane form, and be coated with one deck tectum at least at least one side.
14. the preparation method of each described matrix material is characterized in that among the claim 1-13, and aerogel particle is mixed with binding agent mutually with filamentary material, makes mixture forming and curing.
15. the application of each described matrix material aspect thermal insulation and/or sound insulation among the claim 1-13.
16. formed body contains each described matrix material among the claim 1-13.
17. formed body is made up of each described matrix material among the claim 1-13 basically.
18., it is characterized in that it has the form of plate according to claim 16 or 17 described formed bodys.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19533564A DE19533564A1 (en) | 1995-09-11 | 1995-09-11 | Fibrous airgel composite material |
| DE19533564.3 | 1995-09-11 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1196036A CN1196036A (en) | 1998-10-14 |
| CN1104393C true CN1104393C (en) | 2003-04-02 |
Family
ID=7771835
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN96196880A Expired - Lifetime CN1104393C (en) | 1995-09-11 | 1996-09-10 | Fibre-containing aerogel composite material |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0850207A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4118331B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR19990044531A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1104393C (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2231428A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19533564A1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO980991D0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997010188A1 (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104603344A (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2015-05-06 | 卡博特公司 | Flexible insulating structures and methods of making and using same |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104603344A (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2015-05-06 | 卡博特公司 | Flexible insulating structures and methods of making and using same |
| CN104603344B (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2020-03-31 | 卡博特公司 | Flexible insulation structure and methods of making and using same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4118331B2 (en) | 2008-07-16 |
| WO1997010188A1 (en) | 1997-03-20 |
| KR19990044531A (en) | 1999-06-25 |
| NO980991L (en) | 1998-03-06 |
| MX9801908A (en) | 1998-10-31 |
| NO980991D0 (en) | 1998-03-06 |
| CN1196036A (en) | 1998-10-14 |
| JPH11513349A (en) | 1999-11-16 |
| DE19533564A1 (en) | 1997-03-13 |
| EP0850207A1 (en) | 1998-07-01 |
| CA2231428A1 (en) | 1997-03-20 |
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